U.S. patent number 11,383,672 [Application Number 16/697,547] was granted by the patent office on 2022-07-12 for active pedestrian hood hinge with integrated latch assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to MAGNA CLOSURES INC.. The grantee listed for this patent is Magna Closures, Inc.. Invention is credited to Stephan Holschbach, Stefan Page, Thomas Wood.
United States Patent |
11,383,672 |
Wood , et al. |
July 12, 2022 |
Active pedestrian hood hinge with integrated latch assembly
Abstract
An active hinge including a hood bracket for attachment to a
vehicle hood and a body bracket for attachment to a vehicle body. A
deploy bracket is pivotally attached to the hood bracket and the
body bracket. The hood bracket is pivotable relative to the deploy
bracket between a non-deployed position and a deployed position. At
least one link interconnects, and is pivotally connected to the
deploy bracket and the body bracket. A pawl is pivotally mounted to
one of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the deploy bracket, and
the at least one link. A bolt for engagement by the pawl is
connected to another of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the
deploy bracket, and the at least one link. An actuator is provided
for disengaging the pawl from the bolt to allow the deploy bracket
to move relative to the hood bracket and the body bracket.
Inventors: |
Wood; Thomas (Midland,
CA), Page; Stefan (Wuppertal, DE),
Holschbach; Stephan (Wuppertal, DE) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Magna Closures, Inc. |
Newmarket |
N/A |
CA |
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Assignee: |
MAGNA CLOSURES INC. (Newmarket,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
1000006428697 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/697,547 |
Filed: |
November 27, 2019 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200164831 A1 |
May 28, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62779166 |
Dec 13, 2018 |
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62771640 |
Nov 27, 2018 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B62D
25/12 (20130101); B60R 21/38 (20130101); E05D
7/1061 (20130101); E05D 3/06 (20130101); E05Y
2900/536 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60R
21/38 (20110101); B62D 25/12 (20060101); E05D
7/10 (20060101); E05D 3/06 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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Sep 2005 |
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Jun 2010 |
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CN |
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201777305 |
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Mar 2011 |
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CN |
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2008120117 |
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May 2008 |
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JP |
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4968482 |
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Jul 2012 |
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JP |
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101609065 |
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Apr 2016 |
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KR |
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101610945 |
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Apr 2016 |
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KR |
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101610946 |
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Apr 2016 |
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KR |
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101610948 |
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Apr 2016 |
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KR |
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101619666 |
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May 2016 |
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KR |
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2017206987 |
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Dec 2017 |
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WO |
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Other References
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the
International Searching Authority dated Jun. 10, 2020 from
International Application No. PCT/CA2020/050476. cited by
applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Dickson; Paul N
Assistant Examiner: Wilhelm; Timothy
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dickinson Wright PLLC
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. No. 62/771,640 filed Nov. 27, 2018 and U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 62/779,166 filed Dec. 13, 2018. The entire
disclosure of the above applications are incorporated herein by
reference.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. An active hinge comprising: a hood bracket for attachment to a
vehicle hood; a body bracket for attachment to a vehicle body; a
deploy bracket pivotally attached to the hood bracket and the body
bracket, the hood bracket being pivotable relative to the deploy
bracket between a non-deployed position and a deployed position; at
least one link interconnecting and pivotally connected to the
deploy bracket and the body bracket; a pawl pivotally mounted to
one of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the deploy bracket, and
the at least one link; a bolt fixed to one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link that
the pawl is not mounted to; the bolt having a radially expanded
portion removably engaged by the pawl in tension for inhibiting
movement between the at least one of the hood bracket, the body
bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link which the
pawl is mounted to, and the at least one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link which
the bolt is fixed to while the bolt is engaged by the pawl; and an
actuator for selectively pivoting the pawl for disengaging the pawl
from the bolt to allow the at least one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket and the at least one link to which the pawl is mounted
to move relative to the at least one of the hood bracket, the body
bracket and the at least one link to which the bolt is fixed to
allow the hood bracket to move from a non-deployed position to a
deployed position.
2. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pawl is
pivotally connected to the hood bracket, and wherein the bolt is
connected to the deploy bracket.
3. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pawl is
pivotally connected to the at least one link, and wherein the bolt
is connected to the body bracket.
4. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1 wherein the bolt biases
the pawl and at least one of the hood bracket, the body bracket,
the deploy bracket and the at least one link in opposite directions
from one another to bias the hood bracket in the non-deployed
position.
5. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1 wherein the bolt tapers
between a narrower portion and a wider portion along the radially
expanded portion.
6. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the radially
expanded portion of the bolt has a wider portion having a first
diameter, wherein the bolt includes a narrower portion having a
second diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than the
second diameter, and wherein the wider portion is for engagement by
the pawl.
7. The active hinge as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pawl has a
hook portion having an engagement face defining a pocket receiving
the bolt.
8. The active hinge as set forth in claim 7 wherein the pawl is
rotatable about a pivot point, wherein the engagement face is
spaced from the pivot point by a first distance, wherein the pawl
further includes a contact face being spaced from the hook portion
and aligned with the actuator for being engaged by the actuator to
cause the actuator to rotate to disengage the pawl from the bolt,
and wherein the pivot point is spaced from the contact face by a
second distance.
9. A method for assembling an active hinge, the method comprising:
providing a hood bracket for attachment to a vehicle hood;
providing a body bracket for attachment to a vehicle body;
pivotally connecting a deploy bracket to the hood bracket and
pivotally connecting the deploy bracket to the body bracket;
pivotally connecting at least one link to the deploy bracket and
pivotally connecting the link to the body bracket; pivotally
connecting a pawl to one of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the
deploy bracket, and the at least one link, wherein the pawl defines
a pocket; positioning a bolt against one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link, with
the bolt received by the pocket of the pawl; and applying an axial
compressive force to the bolt to radially expand the bolt and
eliminate radial gaps between the bolt and the pawl to inhibit
movement between at least one of the hood bracket, the body
bracket, the deploy bracket and the at least one link which the
pawl is connected to and the at least one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket, the deploy bracket and the at least one link which
the bolt is positioned against.
10. The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein applying the axial
compressive force to the bolt includes axially pressing the bolt
against the one of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the deploy
bracket and the at least one link which the bolt is positioned
against.
11. The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the pawl includes a
hook portion having a hook shape defining the pocket.
12. The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein one of: the pawl is
pivotally connected to the hood bracket, and wherein the bolt is
connected to the deploy bracket; and the pawl is pivotally
connected to the at least one link, and wherein the bolt is
connected to the body bracket.
13. The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the step of applying
an axial compressive force to the bolt to radially expand the bolt
is during the pawl positioned in a locking position.
14. An active hinge comprising: a hood bracket for attachment to a
vehicle hood; a body bracket for attachment to a vehicle body; a
locking mechanism coupled between the hood bracket and the body
bracket, the locking mechanism comprising an unlocked state for
allowing the hood bracket to move away from the body bracket and a
locked state for preventing the hood bracket to move away from the
body bracket; the locking mechanism comprising a bolt tapering
along a tapering region between a wider portion and a narrower
portion, and a moveable lever moveably engaging the tapering region
of the bolt in tensed relationship with the bolt to maintain the
locking mechanism in the locked state; and an actuator for
selectively moving the lever out of engagement with the tapering
region of the bolt for transitioning the locking mechanism from the
locked state to the unlocked state, wherein selectively actuating
the locking mechanism relieves the tensed relationship to allow the
locking mechanism to transition from the locked state to the
unlocked state.
15. The active hinge as set forth in claim 14, wherein the moveable
lever is a pawl configured for pivotal movement about a pivot axis
between the locked position and the unlocked position, the pawl
comprising an engagement surface for engagement with the tapering
region of the bolt when the pawl is in the locked position to
establish the locking state of the locking mechanism, wherein the
tensed relationship is established by a portion of the bolt
exerting a force against the engagement surface of the pawl biasing
the pawl away from the pivot axis of the pawl.
16. The active hinge as set forth in claim 15, wherein the pawl has
a hook portion having the engagement surface defining a pocket
receiving the bolt, wherein at least a portion of the bolt is in a
path blocking a motion of the hook when the pawl is in the locked
position.
17. The active hinge as set forth in claim 16, wherein selectively
actuating the locking mechanism causes the hook to bypass the
portion of the bolt blocking the motion of the hook, wherein the
hook bypassing the portion of the bolt blocking the motion of the
hook causes a localized deformation of at least one of the bolt and
the pawl.
18. The active hinge as set forth in claim 14, wherein the locking
mechanism is maintained in the locked state without the use of a
spring.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure relates generally to pedestrian protection
systems for motor vehicles of the type having a deployable hood
assembly equipped with active hinges. More particularly, the
present disclosure is directed to an active hinge for use with a
deployable hood assembly and which has a pawl and bolt engaged by
the pawl for maintaining the active hinge in a deployed position
until an actuator releases the pawl from the bolt.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This section provides background information related to the present
disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
In recent years, a great deal of emphasis has been directed to
development of pedestrian protection systems for use in motor
vehicles in an effort to reduce the likelihood or severity of
injuries caused during a collision between a pedestrian and a motor
vehicle. One such area of development has been directed to
equipping the motor vehicle with a hood assembly capable of
absorbing impact forces.
A "passive" pedestrian protection system associated with the hood
assembly includes providing a pocket of under-hood crush space
between the hood and the components within the vehicle's engine
compartment. This crush space is configured to reduce the chance of
bodily impact with the components within the engine component and,
more particularly, to provide an impact absorbing feature. However,
the use of low profile hoods in modern motor vehicles for improved
aesthetics and aerodynamics, in combination with smaller engine
compartments, limits the available crush space.
As an alternative, an "active" pedestrian protection system
associated with the vehicle's hood assembly provides a "deployable"
hood that is configured to raise a rear portion of the latched hood
to create the additional under-hood crush space. This deployable
hood feature is activated in response to detection of a pedestrian
collision with the front end of the motor vehicle. Typically, a
pair of active hinges are incorporated into the hood assembly. Each
active hinge includes a pivot linkage interconnecting the hood to
the vehicle body and an actuator that is operable to forcibly move
the pivot linkage for causing the hood to move from a non-deployed
position to a deployed position in response to detection of the
pedestrian impact. Examples of active hinges that provide this
functionality are disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No.
8,544,590 and U.S. Publication No. 2014/0182962.
There remains a need for further improvements to such active
hinges.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This section provides a general summary of the disclosure and is
not intended to be interpreted as a comprehensive listing of its
full scope or of all of its objects, aspects, features and/or
advantages.
It is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide an active
hinge that is simple in design, uses few components, and is
inexpensive to manufacture and incorporate into vehicles.
It is another aspect of the present disclosure to provide an active
hinge that requires a small stroke of an actuator to rotate a pawl
from a locked position to an unlocked position to allow at least
two of a body bracket, a hood bracket and a deploy bracket to
rotate relative to one another.
It is another aspect of the present disclosure to provide a pawl
design that is easy to manufacture and does not require fine
blanking of components.
In accordance with these and other aspects of the present
disclosure, an active hinge is provided. The active hinge includes
a hood bracket for attachment to a vehicle hood, a body bracket for
attachment to a vehicle body, and a deploy bracket pivotally
attached to the hood bracket and the body bracket. The hood bracket
is pivotable relative to the deploy bracket between a non-deployed
position and a deployed position. At least one link interconnects
and is pivotally connected to the deploy bracket and the body
bracket. A pawl is pivotally mounted to one of the hood bracket,
the body bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link.
The pawl is configured to engage a bolt. The bolt is connected to
another of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the deploy bracket,
and the at least one link. An actuator is configured to selectively
pivot the pawl for disengaging the pawl from the bolt to allow at
least one of the hood bracket, the body bracket and the at least
one link to move relative to another of the at least one of the
hood bracket, the body bracket and the at least one link to allow
the hood bracket to move from a non-deployed position to a deployed
position.
The arrangement of the subject active hinge requires little energy
to activate the actuator and rotate the pawl to allow the hood
bracket to move to the deployed position. More particularly, the
subject active hinge requires less energy than prior art active
hinge systems which typically require locking devices to be
destroyed by an actuator in order to provide movement of a deploy
bracket. Furthermore, the position of the pawl next to the actuator
of the subject active hinge requires a small actuator stroke to
provide rotation of the pawl to allow the hood bracket to move into
the deployed position.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the pawl defines a
hook portion that defines a pocket that receives the bolt, and the
bolt tapers radially outwardly for fixing the pawl to the bolt to
hold at least two of the hood bracket, the body bracket and the
deploy bracket together. Accordingly, the active hinge does not
require a spring to hold the pawl in a locked position, and the
pawl holds the components of the active hinge in tension, thus
preventing noise, vibrations and rattling.
A method for assembling an active hinge is also provided. The
method includes providing a hood bracket for attachment to a
vehicle hood and providing a body bracket for attachment to a
vehicle body. The method also includes pivotally connecting a
deploy bracket to the hood bracket and pivotally connecting the
deploy bracket to the body bracket. The method also includes
pivotally connecting a link to the deploy bracket and pivotally
connecting the link to the body bracket. The method also includes
pivotally connecting a pawl to one of the hood bracket, the body
bracket, the deploy bracket, and the at least one link, wherein the
pawl defines a pocket. The method also includes positioning a bolt
against one of the hood bracket, the body bracket, the deploy
bracket, and the at least one link, with the bolt received by the
pocket of the pawl. The method also includes applying an axial
compressive force to the bolt to radially expand the safety bolt
and eliminate radial gaps between the safety bolt and the pawl to
inhibit movement between the at least one of the hood bracket, the
body bracket, the deploy bracket and the at least one link which
the pawl is connected to and the at least one of the hood bracket,
the body bracket, the deploy bracket and the at least one link
which the bolt is positioned against.
Compressing/shaping the bolt in this manner eliminates the need for
a spring to hold the pawl in a locked position, and the pawl holds
the components of the active hinge in tension, thus preventing
noise, vibrations and rattling.
An active hinge is also provided, the active hinge including a hood
bracket for attachment to a vehicle hood, a body bracket for
attachment to a vehicle body, a locking mechanism coupled between
the hood bracket and the body bracket, the locking mechanism
comprising an unlocked state for allowing the hood bracket to move
away from the body bracket and a locked state for preventing the
hood bracket to move away from the body bracket, the locking
mechanism further comprising a bolt in a tensed relationship with
the locking mechanism for maintaining the locking mechanism in the
locked state, and an actuator for selectively actuating the locking
mechanism for transitioning the locking mechanism from the locked
state to the unlocked state, such that selectively actuating the
locking mechanism relieves the tensed relationship to allow the
locking mechanism to transition from the locked state to the
unlocked state.
In accordance with a related aspect, when the locking mechanism of
the active hinge is in the unlocked state the hood bracket is
allowed to move away from the body bracket by the actuator.
In accordance with a related aspect, the locking mechanism includes
a moveable lever configured for movement between a locked position
and an unlocked position, the moveable lever comprising an
engagement surface for tensed engagement with the bolt when the
moveable lever is in the locked position to establish the locking
state of the locking mechanism.
In accordance with a related aspect, the tensed engagement of the
bolt with the engagement surface of the moveable lever prevents a
vibration of the moveable lever against the bolt.
In accordance with a related aspect, the locking mechanism includes
a pawl configured for pivotal movement about a pivot axis between a
locked position and an unlocked position, the pawl comprising an
engagement surface for engagement with the bolt when the pawl is in
the locked position to establish the locking state of the locking
mechanism.
In accordance with a related aspect, the tensed relationship is
established by a portion of the bolt exerting a force against the
engagement surface of the pawl biasing the pawl away from the pivot
axis of the pawl.
In accordance with a related aspect, the tensed relationship
establishes a coefficient of friction between the bolt and the
engagement surface of the pawl.
In accordance with a related aspect, the pawl has a hook portion
having the engagement surface defining a pocket receiving the
bolt.
In accordance with a related aspect, at least a portion of the bolt
is in a path blocking a motion of the hook when the pawl is in the
locked position.
In accordance with a related aspect, selectively actuating the
locking mechanism causes the hook to bypass the portion of the bolt
blocking the motion of the hook.
In accordance with a related aspect, the hook bypassing the portion
of the bolt blocking the motion of the hook causes a localized
deformation of at least one of the bolt and the pawl.
In accordance with a related aspect, the locking mechanism is
maintained in the locked state without use of a spring.
In accordance with a related aspect, the tensed relationship is
established when the pawl is in the locked position and a portion
of the bolt is in an expanded state relative to the other portion
of the bolt.
In accordance with a related aspect, the active hinge may further
include at least one of a deploy bracket pivotally attached to the
hood bracket and the body bracket, the hood bracket being pivotable
relative to the deploy bracket between a non-deployed position and
a deployed position, and at least one link interconnecting and
pivotally connected to the deploy bracket and the body bracket,
such that an additional tensed relationship is established between
the bolt and at least one of the a deploy bracket and the at least
one link.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the
description provided. The description and specific examples in this
summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not
intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
DRAWINGS
The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of
selected embodiments and not all possible implementations thereof
such that the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the
present disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a first side front perspective view of a vehicle hood
assembly having a hood and an active hinge constructed in
accordance with the present disclosure and showing the vehicle hood
assembly located in a normal-closed position with the hood in a
latched condition and the active hinge in a non-deployed
condition;
FIG. 2 is a similar first side perspective view as FIG. 1, now
showing the vehicle hood assembly in a deployed position with the
hood maintained in its latched condition and its rear edge segment
raised and with the active hinge in a deployed condition;
FIG. 3 is a first side view of a first example embodiment of an
active hinge illustrating a pawl in a locked position and a hood
bracket in a non-deployed position;
FIG. 4 is a second side view of the first example embodiment of an
active hinge illustrating the pawl in the locked position and the
hood bracket in a non-deployed position;
FIG. 5 is a magnified first side view of a hood bracket and deploy
bracket of the first example embodiment of an active hinge
illustrating the pawl in the locked position and the hood bracket
in a non-deployed position, and further illustrating an actuator
for rotating the pawl;
FIG. 6 is a front perspective view of the first example embodiment
of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in the locked position and
the hood bracket in a non-deployed position;
FIG. 7 is a magnified view of the pawl and a bolt of FIG. 6;
FIG. 7A is a side cross-sectional view of the bolt of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a magnified view of the hood bracket, deploy bracket,
pawl and bolt of FIG. 1, illustrating rotation of the pawl from a
locked position to an unlocked position in response to engagement
by an actuator;
FIG. 9 is a first side view of the pawl of the first example
embodiment of an active hinge;
FIG. 10A is a side schematic view illustrating a safety bolt
positioned against a bracket and received by a pocket of a pawl
prior to applying a compressive axial force to the safety bolt;
FIG. 10B is a side schematic view illustrating the safety bolt of
FIG. 10A after a compressive axial force has been applied to the
safety bolt;
FIG. 10C is a side schematic view illustrating the safety bolt of
FIG. 10A after a compressive axial force has been applied to the
safety bolt;
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of aligning a
safety bolt relative to a bracket and pawl and applying a
compressive force to the safety bolt;
FIG. 12 is a first side perspective view of a second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating a pawl in a locked
position and a hood bracket in a non-deployed position;
FIG. 13 is a first side perspective view of the second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in the locked
position and the hood bracket in the non-deployed position, and not
including the actuator;
FIG. 14 is a magnified view of the pawl and a bolt of FIG. 11;
FIG. 15 is a first side perspective view of the second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in an locked
position and the hood bracket in the non-deployed position;
FIG. 16 is a first side perspective view of the second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in a locked
position and the hood bracket in the non-deployed position, and not
including the actuator;
FIG. 17 is a first side perspective view of the second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in an locked
position and the hood bracket in a deployed position;
FIG. 18 is a first side perspective view of the second example
embodiment of an active hinge illustrating the pawl in an locked
position and the hood bracket in a deployed position, and not
including the actuator;
FIG. 19 is a first side view of a third example embodiment of a
pawl having an extended hook portion and contact face; and
FIG. 20 is another first side view of the third example embodiment
of a pawl having an extended hook portion and contact face.
FIG. 21A is a schematic diagram of an active hinge having a locking
mechanism in a locked state, in accordance with an illustrative
embodiment;
FIG. 21B is a schematic diagram of an active hinge of FIG. 21A
having a locking mechanism in an unlocked state, in accordance with
an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 22A is a schematic diagram of an active hinge having a
linearly moveable locking mechanism in a locked state, in
accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 22B is a schematic diagram of an active hinge of FIG. 21A
having a linearly moveable locking mechanism in an unlocked state,
in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts
throughout the several view of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example embodiments of a vehicle hood assembly having a hood and at
least one active hinge embodying the teachings of the present
disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments are only
provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully
convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous
specific details are set forth such as examples of specific
components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough
understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not
be employed, that the example embodiments may be embodied in many
different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the
scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known
processes, well-known device structures, and well-known
technologies are not described in detail.
As will be detailed, the active hinges of the present disclosure
are used as part of a hood assembly for a pedestrian protection
system on motor vehicles. More specifically, active hinges of the
type disclosed herein are used for mounting a vehicle hood to a
vehicle body in an effort to introduce an additional degree of
freedom in the movement of the vehicle's hood when a pedestrian is
struck by the vehicle to reduce the severity of injuries sustained
when the pedestrian contacts the vehicle's hood.
FIG. 1 illustrates a side elevational view of a vehicle hood
assembly 10 generally configured to include a hood 12 and at least
one active hinge 9. The term "vehicle" is intended to broadly
encompass any car, truck, SUV, van or any other type of passenger
carrying vehicle. Hood assembly 10 is configured to overlie an
engine compartment of the vehicle, as defined by the vehicle's
body. Hood 12 is shown to include a front segment 16, a rear
segment 18 and a pair of laterally-spaced side segments 20. As is
conventional, front segment 16 of hood 12 is configured to be
located proximate to a front portion of the vehicle while rear
segment 18 of hood 12 is configured to be located proximate to the
vehicle's windshield.
In accordance with one example embodiment, a pair of active hinges
9 (only one shown) are associated with hood assembly 10, each being
located adjacent to one of side segments 20 of hood 12 and being
configured to allow hood 12 to pivot between an open position with
front segment 16 elevated to provide access to engine compartment
and a normal-closed position whereat hood 12 is lowered to provide
an unobstructed view for the person operating the vehicle. FIG. 1
illustrates active hinge 9 positioned such that hood 12 pivots in
proximity to its rear segment 18. The vehicle is also equipped with
a hood latching device 21 shown to include a striker 22 fixed to an
underside portion of front segment 16 of hood 12 and a latch 24
mounted to a structural portion 26 of the vehicle's body. In
particular, FIG. 1 illustrates striker 22 engaged and held by latch
24 so as to located hood assembly 10 in its normal-closed position
with active hinge 9 maintained in a "non-deployed" condition,
whereby front segment 16 of hood is latched and rear segment 18 of
hood 12 is located in its conventional lowered position.
As will be detailed, active hinge 9 includes a pedestrian
protection device that functions automatically in the event of a
vehicle impact with a pedestrian. Specifically, the pedestrian
protection device functions to shift active hinge 9 from its
non-deployed state into a "deployed" condition, as shown in FIG. 2,
where rear segment 18 of hood 12 is moved to a raised or deployed
position while front segment 16 of hood 12 remains latched via
latching device 21. Thus, active hinge 9 provides an additional
degree of freedom in its movement to permit rear segment 18 of hood
12 to move from its normal lowered position (FIG. 1) into its
raised position (FIG. 2). As will also be detailed, under normal
(i.e., pre-collision) situations, this additional degree of freedom
is disabled by a primary latch of a latching mechanism associated
with active hinge 9 which, in turn, permits normal usage of hood
12. Normal usage is understood to mean pivotal movement of hood 12
between its normally-closed position of FIG. 1 and a
normally-opened position (not shown) with active hinge 9 maintained
in its non-deployed state. Release of the primary latch (via an
actuator) functions to initiate shifting of active hinge 9 from its
non-deployed state to its deployed state.
FIGS. 3-9 present a first embodiment of an active hinge 14
according to another aspect of the disclosure. FIG. 3 presents the
active hinge 14 in its non-deployed condition. The active hinge 14
generally includes a body bracket 30, a hood bracket 32, a deploy
bracket 34, and a pivot linkage mechanism interconnecting the body
bracket 30 and deploy bracket 34. As best shown in FIG. 4, the
pivot linkage mechanism includes a first link 36 and a second link
38 arranged to define a four-bar linkage 40. The first link 36 has
one end pivotally connected to the body bracket 30 via a first
pivot pin 60 and its opposite end pivotally connected to deploy
bracket 34 via a second pivot pin 62. Similarly, second link 38 is
shown having a first end pivotally connected to body bracket 30 via
a first pivot pin 64 and its second end pivotally connected to
deploy bracket 34 via a second pivot pin 66. A third pivot pin 70
pivotally connects a terminal end segment of deploy bracket 34 to
the hood bracket 32.
With reference back to FIG. 3, a fourth pin 72 further
interconnects the deploy bracket 34 and the hood bracket 32. The
fourth pin 72 is spaced from the third pivot pin 70 along the hood
bracket 32. The hood bracket 32 defines an elongated slot 74 that
receives the fourth pin 72. The slot extends between a first end 76
and a second end 78. During pivoting of the hood bracket 32
relative to the deploy bracket 34 about the third pivot pin 70, the
fourth pin 72 slides between, and is limited in movement by the
first and second ends 76, 78 of the slot 74 to limit the rotational
range of the hood bracket 32 relative to the deploy bracket 34
between a deployed position in which the fourth pin 72 engages the
second end 78 of the slot 74, and a non-deployed position in which
the fourth pin 72 engages the first end 76 of the slot 74.
A pawl 80, and example of a locking mechanism, is pivotally
connected to the hood bracket 32 along a fifth pin 82. The pawl 80
acting as an illustrative type of moveable lever includes a hook
portion 84 that has an engagement face 85 which defines a lower
pocket 86. The hook portion 84 is spaced from the fifth pin 82. A
safety bolt 88 is fixed to the deploy bracket 34. The hook portion
84 of the pawl 80 is configured to partially surround a bottom
portion 90 of the safety bolt 88, while the pawl 80 is positioned
in a locked position (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 5-7), such that the
safety bolt 88 is received by the lower pocket 86 of the pawl 80 to
inhibit pivoting of the hood bracket 32 relative to the deploy
bracket 34 about the third pivot pin 70. More particularly,
according to this embodiment, the lower pocket 86 surrounds
approximately half of the safety bolt 88. As best illustrated in
FIG. 6, the hood bracket 32 defines an upper pocket 92 that is
configured to partially surround a top portion 91 of the safety
bolt 88 while the hood bracket 32 is in the non-deployed position.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 6-7A, the safety bolt 88 has a
generally frusto-conical shape and tapers from a wider portion 94
spaced from the deploy bracket 34 to a narrower portion 96 coupled
with and received by the deploy bracket 34 along a tapered region
35. The wider portion 94 has a first diameter D1 that is larger
than a second diameter D2 of the narrower portion 96. According to
an embodiment, during assembly of the active hinge 14, the safety
bolt 88 initially has a generally cylindrical shape, and is riveted
or otherwise coupled to the deploy bracket 34 to provide an axial
compressive force thereto, creating the tapered wall of the safety
bolt 88 to drive flared portion of the safety bolt against the
engagement face 85 of the pawl 80 to establish a tensed
relationship(s), where a movement of the pawl 80 due to the
expanded bolt is prevented by the secured fixing of the pawl 80
about the pivot axis 82. According to an embodiment, during
assembly of the active hinge 14, the safety bolt 88 initially has a
generally cylindrical shape, and is riveted or otherwise coupled to
the deploy bracket 34 to provide an axial compressive force
thereto, creating the tapered wall of the safety bolt 88 to drive
the pawl 80 and deploy bracket 34 in opposite directions from one
another to fix the hood bracket 32 in the non-deployed position to
establish tensed relationship(s). It should be appreciated that the
safety bolt 88 may have other tapered shapes, and the tapered shape
may be provided in other ways. Tapered shapes may include a budging
shape with a gradual reduction in thickness, or an abrupt reduction
in thickness, or an uneven reduction in thickness. As illustrated
in FIG. 9, the hook portion 84 and lower pocket 86 of the pawl 80
generally have an arc shape with a radius of curvature that is
sized such that the tapered safety bolt 88 may be received and
secured within the pocket 86 of the pawl 80. It should be
appreciated that fixing the hood bracket 32 in the non-deployed
position in this manner with the frustoconical shaped safety bolt
88, and arc-shaped pocket 86 of the pawl 80 advantageously
eliminate the need for a spring to hold the hood bracket 32 in the
non-deployed position, and prevents noise, rattling and vibrations
because the components of the active hinge 14 are held in tension.
Holding the components of the active hinge 14 in tension in this
manner also eliminates tolerances. Other types of locking
mechanisms may be provided in tensed relationship with the bolt 88,
such as a sliding lever 77 configured to linearly move having a
protrusions for engaging the bolt 88, or a sliding mechanism having
detents for engaging the bolt 88, or a rotating mechanism having
detents for receiving a portion of the bolt 88 (see for example
FIGS. 22A and 22B), as examples and without limitation.
It should be appreciated that the safety bolt 88 may be
pre-compressed into position during early stages of manufacturing,
or after all of the components of the active hinge 14 are assembled
and with the pawl 80 in the locked position. More particularly, as
illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10B, during assembly of the active hinge
14, the safety bolt 88 is aligned with/positioned in the lower
pocket 86 of the pawl 80 (FIG. 10A). Subsequently, as shown in FIG.
10B, the safety bolt 88 is axially crushed to form its
frusto-conical shape, which causes the safety bolt 88 to be locked
within the pocket 86 of the pawl 80. As a result, any radial
clearance between the safety bolt 88 and pawl 80 is eliminated,
therefore providing an anti-chucking effect.
FIG. 11 presents a method of assembling the active hinge 14
according to an aspect of the disclosure. The method includes 200
providing a pawl 80 with a closing force vector configuration. The
method continues with 202 axially aligning the pocket 86 of the
pawl 80 with the safety bolt 88. As will be clarified below, it
should be appreciated that the pawl 80 and safety bolt 88 may be
attached to any of the brackets 30, 32, 34 or links 36, 38, but
should be positioned on different brackets 30, 32, 34 and links 36,
38 than one another. The method continues with 204 applying an
axial compressive force to the safety bolt 88 when the pocket 86 of
the pawl 80 is aligned with the safety bolt 88 to expand the safety
bolt 88 and eliminate radial gaps between the safety bolt 88 and
pawl 80.
As best shown in FIGS. 5 and 8-9, the pawl 80 further includes a
contact face 98 that is spaced from the fifth pin 82 and the hook
portion 84 of the pawl 80. As shown, a first distance L1 between
the pivot fifth pin 82 and the engagement face 85 is about twice
that of a second distance L2 between the fifth pin 82 and the
contact face 98. An actuator 100 is positioned in alignment with
the contact face 98. The actuator 100 includes a linearly
extendable contact member 102 for engaging the contact face 98 to
cause the pawl 80 to rotate about the fifth pin 82 from the locked
position into an unlocked position (illustrated in FIG. 8).
Rotating the pawl 80 into the unlocked position allows the hood
bracket 32 to pivot about the third pivot pin 70 relative to the
deploy bracket 34 to allow the hood bracket 32 and hood to move
into the deployed position. It should be appreciated that other
components of the active 14 may be configured to move relative to
one another in a similar manner in response to actuation of the
actuator 100 or other actuators. As schematically illustrated in
FIG. 5, the actuator 100 is configured to selectively actuate in
response to a control signal being provided by a controller 104
associated with an active passenger protection control system 106
in response to one or more vehicle-mounted sensors 108 or other
detection devices detecting the occurrence of a pedestrian
collision. In the example shown, the actuator 100 includes an
electrical connector 110 that would be in electrical connection
with the sensor(s) 180 and/or the controller 104 such that an
electrical control signal is generated to control actuation of the
actuator 100.
It should be appreciated that a one-joint assembly may be utilized
as an alternative to the four-bar linkage 40 of the first
embodiment of the active hinge 14.
FIGS. 12-18 disclose a second embodiment of an active hinge 14'
according to another aspect of the disclosure. As best illustrated
in FIG. 18, similar to the first embodiment of an active hinge 14,
the active hinge 14' generally includes a body bracket 30', a hood
bracket 32', a deploy bracket 34', and a pivot linkage mechanism
interconnecting the body bracket 30' and deploy bracket 34'. The
pivot linkage mechanism includes a first link 36' and a second link
38' arranged to define a four-bar linkage 40'. The first link 36'
has one end pivotally connected to the body bracket 30' via a first
pivot pin 60' and its opposite end pivotally connected to the
deploy bracket 34' via a second pivot pin 62'. Similarly, second
link 38' is shown having a first end pivotally connected to body
bracket 30' via a first pivot pin 64' and its second end pivotally
connected to deploy bracket 34 via a second pivot pin 66'. The
second link generally has an "L" shape and defines an elbow portion
69' between first and second linear segments 71',72' that extend
generally perpendicularly to one another. A third pivot pin 70'
pivotally connects a terminal end segment of deploy bracket 34' to
the hood bracket 32'.
According to the second embodiment of the active hinge 14', there
is no fourth pin and corresponding slot 74 limiting pivoting
movement of the hood bracket 32' relative to the body bracket'
about the third pivot pin 70' like in the first embodiment of the
active hinge 14.
A pawl 80' is pivotally connected to the elbow portion 69' of the
of the second link 38' along a fifth pivot pin 82'. The pawl 80'
includes a hook portion 84' that has an engagement face 85' that
defines a lower pocket 86'. The hook portion 84' is spaced from the
fifth pin 82'. A safety bolt 88' is fixed to the body bracket 30'.
The lower pocket 86' of the hook portion 84' of the pawl 80' is
configured to partially surround a bottom portion 90' of the safety
bolt 88', while the pawl 80' is positioned in a locked position
(e.g., as shown in FIGS. 12-14), such that the safety bolt 88' is
received by the lower pocket 86' of the pawl 80' to inhibit
pivoting of the second link 38' and deploy bracket 34' relative to
the body bracket 30' about the third pivot pin 70'. Like the first
embodiment of the active hinge 14', the safety bolt 88' has a
generally frustoconical shape and tapers between a wider portion
94' spaced from the body bracket 30' to a narrower portion 96'
coupled with the body bracket 30'. The wider portion 94' has a
larger diameter than the narrower portion 96'. During assembly of
the active hinge 14', the safety bolt is riveted or otherwise
connected to the body bracket 30' such that the tapered wall of the
safety bolt 88' drives the pawl 80' downwardly to fix the deploy
bracket 34' in the non-deployed position relative to the body
bracket 30'. It should be appreciated that fixing the deploy
bracket 34' in the non-deployed position in this manner with the
frustoconical shape safety bolt 88' advantageously eliminates the
need for a spring to hold the deploy bracket 34' in the
non-deployed position and prevents noise, rattling and vibrations
because the components of the active hinge 14' are held in tension.
Holding the components of the active hinge in tension in this
manner also eliminates tolerances.
It should also be appreciated that, according to either of the
aforementioned embodiments, the safety bolt 88, 88' may be
pre-compressed into position as discussed during early stages of
manufacturing or after all of the components of the active hinge
14, 14' are assembled and with the pawl 80, 80' in the locked
position. Alternatively, the safety bolt 88, 88' may be fabricated
such that it tapers prior to being installed on the active hinge
14, 14', with the safety bolt 88, 88' driving the pawl 80, 80' into
an opposite direction as the opposing component of the active hinge
14, 14' during axial movement of the safety bolt 88, 88' to create
tension in the components of the active hinge 14, 14'.
The pawl 80' further includes a contact face 98' that is spaced
from the fifth pin 82' and the hook portion 84' of the pawl 80'.
According to this embodiment, the contact face 98' extends
transversely from a planar body portion 99' of the pawl 80'. As
best illustrated in FIGS. 12, 15 and 17, an actuator 100' is
positioned in alignment with the contact face 98'. The actuator
100' includes a linearly extendable contact member 102' for
engaging the contact face 98' to cause the pawl 80' to rotate about
the fifth pin 82' from the locked position into an unlocked
position (illustrated in FIGS. 15-18). Rotating the pawl 80' into
the unlocked position allows the second link 38' to pivot about the
first pivot pin 64', and thus allows the deploy bracket 34' to
pivot into the deployed position, thus also allowing the hood
bracket 32' and hood to move into the deployed position. It should
be appreciated that other components of the active 14' may be
configured to move relative to one another in a similar manner in
response to actuation of the actuator 100' or other actuators.
It should be appreciated that the pawl 80, 80' of both embodiments
of active hinge 14, 14' require a small release angle to be rotated
into the unlocked position due to the relative positions between
the contact face 98, 98', the pocket 86, 86' and the fifth pin 82,
82'. Accordingly, only a small actuator stroke is required to
rotate the pawl 80, 80' into the unlocked position.
As schematically illustrated in FIG. 15, the actuator 100' is
configured to selectively actuate in response to a control signal
being provided by a controller 104' associated with an active
passenger protection control system 106' in response to one or more
vehicle-mounted sensors 108' or other detection devices detecting
the occurrence of a pedestrian collision. In the example shown, the
actuator 100 includes an electrical connector 110 that would be in
electrical connection with the sensor(s) 180 and/or the controller
104 such that an electrical control signal is generated to control
actuation of the actuator 100'.
It should be appreciated that the pawl 80, 80' and safety bolt 88,
88' may alternatively be placed on another of the body bracket, 30,
hood bracket 32, deploy bracket 34 or links 36, 38 without
departing from the scope of the subject disclosure. It should also
be appreciated that the second embodiment of an active hinge 14'
may be assembled in accordance with the method presented in FIG.
11.
FIGS. 19-20 present a third embodiment of a pawl 80A according to
an aspect of the disclosure. According to this embodiment, the
lower pocket 86A of the hook portion 84A of the pawl 80A is
extended such that it surrounds more than half of the outer
circumference of the safety bolt 88 to provide increased locking
security while the pawl 80A is positioned in the locked position.
As shown, a first distance L1 between the pivot fifth pin 82 and
the engagement face 85 is more than twice that of a second distance
L2 between the fifth pin 82 and the contact face 98. This provides
a further reduced actuator stroke length for moving the pawl 80A
from the locked to unlocked position.
Now referring to FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B, in addition to FIGS. 1
through 20, an active hinge 9 is provided and includes a hood
bracket 32 for attachment to a vehicle hood 12, a body bracket 30
for attachment to a vehicle body, and may include a number of
intermediary components such as bracket 34 and linkages 36, 38, for
example. A locking mechanism 200, for example pawl 80, is coupled
between the hood bracket 32 and the body bracket 30, the locking
mechanism 200 comprising an unlocked state for example as shown in
FIGS. 8 and 15 for allowing the hood bracket 32 to move away (e.g.
upwardly) from the body bracket 30 and a locked state for example
as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 13 preventing the hood bracket 32 to
move away from the body bracket 30, the locking mechanism 200
further comprising a bolt 88 in a tensed relationship with the
locking mechanism 200 for maintaining the locking mechanism 200 in
the locked state. An actuator 100 is provided for selectively
actuating, for example a pyrotechnic actuator deploying a plunger
in response to receiving an electrical signal corresponding to a
detection of a pedestrian impact from a controller 300 or by a body
control module (BCM), the locking mechanism for transitioning the
locking mechanism 200 from the locked state to the unlocked state,
such that the selectively actuating the locking mechanism 200
relieves the tensed relationship to allow the locking mechanism 200
to transition from the locked state to the unlocked state, and
allow the hood 12 to be deployed to an active pedestrian protection
position as shown in FIG. 21B (illustrating the hood 12 allowed to
move upwards by a continued actuation of actuator 100, or by
another actuation system/mechanism not shown). During the relief of
the tensed relationship, for example the pawl 80 disengaging the
bolt 88, the tension may momentarily increase or the tension may
remain the same, or the tension may decrease, depending on the
geometry of the pawl 80 and desired level of safety and the size of
the actuator 100. The locking mechanism 200 may include a moveable
lever, illustrated as a pivotal pawl 80, configured for movement
(e.g. linear movement or rotational movement) between a locked
position and an unlocked position, with the moveable lever having
an engagement surface, also referred to hereinabove as engagement
face 85, for tensed engagement with the bolt 88 when the moveable
lever is in the locked position to establish the locking state of
the locking mechanism 200. The configuration whereby the moveable
lever is a pawl 80 configured for pivotal movement about a pivot
axis 82 between a locked position and an unlocked position, the
pawl 80 has an engagement surface, for example engagement face 85,
for engagement with the bolt 88 when the pawl 80 is in the locked
position to establish the locking state of the locking mechanism
200, with the tensed relationship established by a portion of the
bolt 88, for example shown as approximately 50% of the outer
circumferential surface of the bolt 88 as seen in FIG. 8 exerting a
force F against the engagement surface 85 of the pawl 80 biasing
the pawl 80, for example via the engagement surface 85, away from
the pivot axis 82. The tensed relationship, for example due to the
expansion forces of the bolt 88 acting on the pawl 80, is
established when the pawl 80 is in the locked position and a
portion (e.g. flared head) of the bolt 88 is in an expanded state
relative to the other portion of the bolt 88 (e.g. unflared stem).
Illustratively as shown in FIG. 10B the expanded state of the bolt
88 is shown as a flared head portion, or top portion 91, due to an
applied compression of the bolt 88 in a pre-assembly state where
the bolt 88 may be for example a linear pin or straight cylindrical
structure, for example during positioning of the pawl 80 in the
locked position, to deform the pin to an assembled state where it
may engage with upper pocket 92. A further applied compression of
the bolt 88 may be provided to further spread out the upper pocket
92 to further engage the planar surface 95 of the pawl 80, as shown
in FIG. 10C. The pawl 80 has a hook portion 84 having the
engagement surface defining a pocket 86 receiving the bolt 88, and
for example partially receiving the bolt 88, such that at least a
portion of the bolt 88 is in a path blocking a motion of the hook
(e.g. counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 8) when the pawl 80 is in
the locked position, for preventing vibrations due to movement e.g.
chucking of the pawl 80 against the bolt 88. The at least a portion
of the bolt 88 may remain in a path blocking a motion of the hook
84 (e.g. counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 8) when the pawl 80 is
being moved from the locked position towards the unlock position.
Selectively actuating the locking mechanism 200 e.g. releasing the
locking mechanism 200 causes the hook 84, which may be for example
the tip of hook 84, to bypass the portion of the bolt 88 blocking
the motion of the hook 84, such that the hook 84 bypassing the
portion of the bolt 88 blocking the motion of the hook 84 causes a
localized deformation of at least one of the bolt 88 and the pawl
80. As a result of the tensed relationship established between the
pawl 80 and the bolt 88, the pawl 80 may be maintained in the
locked position without use of a spring, for example which may
otherwise be required to bias the pawl 80 in the clockwise
direction as viewed in FIG. 8 and prevent vibrations. The use of a
bolt in lieu of a spring is lower cost and easier to assemble and
provide increases in securing of the pawl 80. When in the tensed
relationship, the applied force exerted by the expanded bolt 88 may
increase the coefficient of friction between the bolt 88 and the
engagement surface 85 enhancing the securing of the pawl 80 against
movement. During movement of the pawl 80, such increase in the
coefficient of friction is overcome by the force of the actuator
100, which may not be overcome due to vibrations during normal
operation of the vehicle e.g. driving. The pawl surface 85 may
therefore be caused to slide against the bolt 88 with resistance
proportional to the expansion force of the bolt 88 during movement
of the pawl 80 from its locked position to its unlocked position.
In additional to frictional forces resisting a relative movement of
the pawl 80 along the bolt 88, after expansion of the bolt 88 to
its flared or expanded assembled state, the flared portion of the
bolt 88 may adopt a blocking position against a movement of the
pawl 80, for example hook portion 84 of pawl. Hook portion 84 may
therefore not only increase the surface contact area of the pawl 80
with the bolt 88 e.g. the outer flared perimeter of the bolt 88,
but also the bolt 88 may block the hook portion 84. As a result,
during release, hook portion 84 in order to bypass the blocking
positioning of the expanded bolt 88 may be caused due to the force
of the actuator 100 to slightly deform a portion of the perimeter
of the bolt 88. For example the perimeter of the bolt 88 may be
deformed by the hook 84 scrapping or indenting or the like the
perimeter of the bolt 88, or the hook portion 84 may cause a larger
bending or deflection of the bolt 88, or the hook portion 84 itself
may be deformed, for example bent to allow the pawl 80 to move from
the locked position to the unlocked position, depending on the
relative strength of the materials of the pawl 80 and the bolt 88.
In an embodiment, the bolt 88 may be pivotally mounted such that
during the pawl 80 moving from the locked position to the unlocked
position the engagement of the pawl 80 with the bolt 88 may cause
the bolt to rotate e.g. counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 8.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be
limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the"
may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises,"
"comprising," "including," and "having," are inclusive and
therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,
operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the
presence or addition of one or more other features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The
method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to
be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in that
particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically
identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood
that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "engaged
to," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, it
may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other
element or later, or intervening element or layers may be present.
In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on,"
"directly engaged to," "directly connected to," or "directly
coupled to" another element or layer, there may be no intervening
elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the
relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like
fashion (e.g., "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent"
versus "directly adjacent," etc.). As used herein, the term
"and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the
associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to
described various elements, components, regions, layers and/or
sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or
sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be
only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or
section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as
"first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do
not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the
context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section
discussed below could be termed a second element, component,
region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of
the example embodiments.
Spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "beneath,"
"below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used
herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's
relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in
the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass
different orientations of the device in use or operation in
addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example,
if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as
"below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be
oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the example
term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below.
The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at
other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used
herein interpreted accordingly.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for
purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or
features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to
that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are
interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if
not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in
many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure
from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be
included within the scope of the disclosure.
* * * * *