U.S. patent number 11,311,962 [Application Number 16/833,073] was granted by the patent office on 2022-04-26 for friction stir welding tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Honda Motor Co., Ltd.. The grantee listed for this patent is HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Akiyoshi Miyawaki, Mitsuru Sayama, Keisuke Tsuta.
United States Patent |
11,311,962 |
Tsuta , et al. |
April 26, 2022 |
Friction stir welding tool
Abstract
A friction stir welding tool includes a probe having a front end
surface and an outer circumferential surface. Outer circumferential
recesses are formed in the probe. The outer circumferential
recesses extend along the rotational axis of the probe up to the
front end surface. The friction stir welding tool rotates the probe
about the rotation axis, and embeds the probe inside a workpiece
during rotation of the probe to weld the workpiece. A front end
recess is formed in the front end surface. The front end recess is
positioned at the central part of the front end surface, and
connected to the outer circumferential recesses.
Inventors: |
Tsuta; Keisuke (Wako,
JP), Sayama; Mitsuru (Wako, JP), Miyawaki;
Akiyoshi (Wako, JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. |
Tokyo |
N/A |
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
1000006266434 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/833,073 |
Filed: |
March 27, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20200306876 A1 |
Oct 1, 2020 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Mar 29, 2019 [JP] |
|
|
JP2019-068954 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B23K
20/1255 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B23K
20/12 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101157156 |
|
Apr 2008 |
|
CN |
|
103521912 |
|
Jan 2014 |
|
CN |
|
203830901 |
|
Sep 2014 |
|
CN |
|
101157156 |
|
Apr 2008 |
|
JP |
|
2008-307606 |
|
Dec 2008 |
|
JP |
|
Other References
CN103521912A computer translation (Year: 2021). cited by examiner
.
Office Action including search report dated Jun. 9, 2021 issued
over the corresponding Chinese Patent Application No.
202010231150.9 with an English translation of the pertinent
portion. cited by applicant .
Office Action dated Mar. 8, 2022 issued over the corresponding
Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-068954 with the English
translation thereof. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Saad; Erin B
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Carrier Blackman & Associates,
P.C. Carrier; Joseph P. Gedeon; Jeffrey T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A friction stir welding tool comprising a probe having a front
end surface and an outer circumferential surface, wherein an outer
circumferential recess extending up to the front end surface is
formed in the outer circumferential surface, and the friction stir
welding tool is configured to rotate the probe about the rotation
axis, and embed the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the
probe to weld the workpiece, and wherein a front end recess is
formed in the front end surface, and the front end recess is
positioned at a central part of the front end surface, and
connected to the outer circumferential recess, the front end recess
includes a front end groove, and the front end groove extends
outward in a radial direction of the probe from a center of the
front end surface, and the front end groove is connected to the
outer circumferential recess, the outer circumferential recess
comprises a plurality of outer circumferential recesses and the
front end groove comprises a plurality of front end grooves, and a
ridge is formed in the front end surface in a manner that the ridge
extends from the center of the front end surface to divide the
front end grooves that are adjacent to each other.
2. The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the
front end recess includes a central recess positioned at a center
of the front end surface; and a boundary between a wall defining
the outer circumferential recess and a wall defining the front end
recess is in a shape of a curved line convex toward the rotation
axis of the probe.
3. The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the
outer circumferential recess is in the form of a groove; and a
groove width of the front end groove is smaller than a groove width
of the outer circumferential recess.
4. A friction stir welding tool comprising a probe having a front
end surface and an outer circumferential surface, wherein an outer
circumferential recess extending up to the front end surface is
formed in the outer circumferential surface, and the friction stir
welding tool is configured to rotate the probe about the rotation
axis, and embed the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the
probe to weld the workpiece, and wherein a front end recess is
formed in the front end surface, and the front end recess is
positioned at a central part of the front end surface, and
connected to the outer circumferential recess, wherein the front
end recess includes a front end groove connected to the outer
circumferential recess; and the outer circumferential recess
comprises a plurality of outer circumferential recesses provided in
a circumferential direction of the probe; the front end groove
comprises a plurality of front end grooves provided in a manner to
intersect with each other; the front end grooves extend straight in
a manner that, as viewed from a front end of the probe, the central
line of each of the front end grooves passes through a position
shifted from a center of the front end surface of the probe; and a
claw is formed in the probe, between the front end grooves that are
adjacent to each other.
5. The friction stir welding tool according to claim 4, wherein a
ridge is formed in the front end surface in a manner that the ridge
extends from the center of the front end surface to divide the
front end grooves that are adjacent to each other.
6. The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein an
outer front end edge is formed in the front end surface at an end
of the outer circumferential recess in the front and outer end
direction of the probe; and the outer front end edge extends in a
manner that an angle defined between the outer front end edge and
the outer circumferential surface becomes an obtuse angle.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority
from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-068954 filed on Mar. 29,
2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool which
includes a probe having a front end surface and an outer
circumferential surface, and welds a workpiece by rotating the
probe about the rotation axis and embedding the probe inside the
workpiece during rotation of the probe.
Description of the Related Art
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-307606 discloses, in
FIG. 9 and paragraph [0007], a friction stir welding tool having
outer circumferential recesses in an outer circumferential surface
of a probe. The outer circumferential recesses extend along the
rotation axis of the probe up to a front end surface of the
probe.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the above described friction stir welding tool described above,
material of the workpiece softened by friction heat of the probe is
taken into the outer circumferential recesses from a lateral side
of the probe. The friction stir welding tool can generate plastic
flow of the softened material toward the front end of the probe.
However, since the front surface of the probe does not include any
portion which stores material guided from the outer circumferential
recesses, it may not be possible to smoothly generate plastic flow
of the material taken into the outer circumferential recesses
toward the front end of the probe. Therefore, it may not be
possible to obtain the desired welding quality.
The present invention has been made taking such a task into
consideration, and an object of the present invention is to provide
a friction stir welding tool in which is it possible to obtain the
desired welding quality.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a friction stir
welding tool is provided. The friction stir welding tool includes a
probe having a front end surface and an outer circumferential
surface, wherein an outer circumferential recess extending up to
the front end surface is formed in the outer circumferential
surface, and the friction stir welding tool is configured to rotate
the probe about the rotation axis, and embed the probe inside a
workpiece during rotation of the probe to weld the workpiece, and
wherein a front end recess is formed in the front end surface, and
the front end recess is positioned at a central part of the front
end surface, and connected to the outer circumferential recess.
In the present invention, the front end recess connected to the
outer circumferential recess is formed in the front end surface of
the probe. In the structure, it is possible to store the softened
material taken into the outer circumferential recess, in the front
end recess. That is, it is possible to smoothly generate plastic
flow of the softened material taken into the outer circumferential
recess toward the front end of the probe. Thus, it is possible to
obtain the desired welding quality.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the
present invention will become more apparent from the following
description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings in which preferred embodiments of the present invention
are shown by way of illustrative example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing overall structure of a
friction stir welding system including a friction stir welding tool
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view showing the friction stir
welding tool;
FIG. 3A is a side view showing the friction stir welding tool in
FIG. 2;
FIG. 3B is a view showing the friction stir welding tool in FIG. 2,
where the friction stir welding tool is viewed from a front
end;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing lap welding using the friction
stir welding tool shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing lap welding in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6A is a view where a friction stir welding tool including a
probe according to a first modified embodiment is viewed from a
front end;
FIG. 6B is a view where a friction stir welding tool including a
probe according to a second modified embodiment is viewed from a
front end;
FIG. 7A is a view where a friction stir welding tool including a
probe according to a third modified embodiment is viewed from a
front end;
FIG. 7B is a view where a friction stir welding tool including a
probe according to a fourth modified embodiment is viewed from a
front end; and
FIG. 8 is a view where a friction stir welding tool including a
probe according to a fifth modified embodiment is viewed from a
front end.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a friction stir welding tool
according to the present invention will be described in relation to
a friction stir welding system with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a friction stir welding system 12 is configured
to perform friction stir welding (FSW) of a workpiece W by, while
rotating a friction stir welding tool 10 (hereinafter also referred
to as the "welding tool 10", pressing the friction stir welding
tool 10 against the workpiece W.
For example, the workpiece W includes a first member 100 in the
form of a plate, and a second member 102 in the form of a plate. In
the state where the first member 100 and the second member 102 are
stacked together, the workpiece W is fixed to a fixing base 13.
Each of the first member 100 and the second member 102 is made of
metal material such as aluminum, magnesium, copper, iron, titanium,
or alloy of these materials, etc. The first member 100 and the
second member 102 may be made of the same material, or may be made
of different materials. It should be noted that at least one of the
first member 100 and the second member 102 may be made of resin
material. The size and the shape of the first member 100 and the
second member 102 may be determined as necessary.
The friction stir welding system 12 includes an industrial
multi-joint robot 14, a welding device body 18 provided at a front
end of a robot arm 14a of the robot 14 through a connector 16, the
welding tool 10 detachably attached to the welding device body 18,
and a control unit 20 which controls the entire system totally.
The robot 14 adjusts the position and the orientation of the
welding device body 18 relative to the workpiece W to move the
welding tool 10 relative to the workpiece W. Specifically, in the
case of performing line welding of the workpiece W, the robot 14
adjusts the position and the orientation of the welding device body
18 in a manner that the welding tool 10 moves in a welding
direction (in a direction indicated by an arrow F in FIG. 4)
relative to the workpiece W. That is, the robot 14 functions as
means for moving and tilting the welding tool 10.
The welding device body 18 includes a C-shaped support arm 22, a
drive unit 24 provided at one end of the support arm 22, a chuck 26
provided for the drive unit 24 to clamp the welding tool 10, and a
receiver member 27 provided at the other end of the support arm
22.
The drive unit 24 includes a rotary motor 28 for rotating the
welding tool 10 attached to the chuck 26 in a predetermined
rotation direction (in a direction indicated by an arrow R in FIG.
2), and an actuator 30 for moving the welding tool 10 back and
forth in a direction of a rotation axis Ax (in a direction
indicated by an arrow B in FIG. 2). At the time of performing
friction stir welding of the workpiece W, the receiver member 27 is
positioned opposite to the chuck 26 (welding tool 10) such that the
workpiece W is positioned between the receiver member 27 and the
chuck 26. The receiver member 27 receives a pressing force
(pressure force) applied from the welding tool 10 to the workpiece
W.
The welding tool 10 includes a substantially hollow-cylindrical
holder 32 and a tool 34 detachably attached to the holder 32. The
proximal end of the holder 32 is clamped by the chuck 26. The tool
34 can be attached to a front end of the holder 32 coaxially with
the holder 32. The tool 34 is consumable. When the tool 34 is worn
out as a result of friction stir welding, the tool 34 is replaced
with new one.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 3B, the tool 34 includes a substantially
cylindrical shoulder 36, and a small diameter probe 38 provided on
a front end surface 36a of the shoulder 36. The welding tool 10
welds the workpiece W by rotating the probe 38 in the direction
indicated by the arrow R about the rotation axis Ax and embedding
the probe 38 inside the workpiece W during rotation of the probe
38.
The tool 34 is produced by machining (cutting) cylindrical metal
material. It should be noted that the tool 34 may be produced by a
method other than machining (e.g., by means of casting, stacking,
etc.). Examples of materials suitably employed in the tool 34
includes tool steels having hardness higher than that of the
workpiece W, and having excellent heat resistance and wear
resistance. It should be noted that the materials of the tool 34
are not limited to the tool steels, and can be determined as
necessary.
The proximal end (end in a direction indicated by an arrow B2) of
the shoulder 36 is detachably attached to the holder 32 (see FIG.
1). The front end surface 36a of the shoulder 36 (end surface in a
direction indicated by an arrow B1) has a flat shape (see FIGS. 2
and 3A).
The probe 38 protrudes from the front end surface 36a of the
shoulder 36 in a front end direction (indicated by an arrow B1)
(see FIGS. 2 and 3A). The probe 38 is provided coaxially with the
shoulder 36. The outer diameter and the protruding length of the
probe 38 can be determined as necessary depending of the shape, the
size, the material, etc. of the workpiece W as a welding
target.
The probe 38 has a cylindrical shape, and includes a front end
surface 38a and an outer circumferential surface 38b. A plurality
of (three, in the illustrated embodiment) outer circumferential
recesses 40 (side surface grooves) extending up to the front end
surface 38a along the rotation axis Ax of the probe 38 are formed
in the outer circumferential surface 38b of the probe 38. Each of
the outer circumferential recesses 40 is in the form of a
groove.
The plurality of outer circumferential recesses 40 are arranged at
equal intervals of angle (at intervals of 120.degree., in the
illustrated embodiment) in a circumferential direction of the probe
38 (see FIGS. 2 and 3B). Each of the outer circumferential recesses
40 has a substantially constant width from the outer
circumferential surface 38b toward the front end surface 38a of the
probe 38. The proximal end of each of the outer circumferential
recesses 40 is positioned at the proximal end of the probe 38.
The probe 38 has claws 42 between the outer circumferential
recesses 40 that are adjacent to each other in the circumferential
direction of the probe 38. Stated otherwise, the number of the
claws 42 of the probe 38 corresponds to the number of the outer
circumferential recesses 40.
In FIGS. 2 and 3A, a first outer circumferential edge 44 and a
second outer circumferential edge 46 are formed in the outer
circumferential surface 38b of the probe 38. The first outer
circumferential edge 44 forms a marginal portion on the front side
in the rotation direction of the probe 38 (indicated by an arrow R)
in each of the outer circumferential recesses 40. The first outer
circumferential edge 44 extends in parallel to the rotation axis Ax
of the probe 38. The proximal end of the first outer
circumferential edge 44 (end in the direction indicated by the
arrow B2) is positioned at the proximal end of the probe 38. The
front end of the first outer circumferential edge 44 (end in the
direction indicated by the arrow B1) is positioned at the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38.
The second outer circumferential edge 46 forms a marginal portion
on the rear side in the rotation direction of the probe 38
(direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow R) in
each of the outer circumferential recesses 40. The second outer
circumferential edge 46 extends in parallel to the rotational axis
Ax of the probe 38. The proximal end of the second outer
circumferential edge 46 (end in the direction indicated by the
arrow B2) is positioned at the proximal end of the probe 38. The
front end of the second outer circumferential edge 46 (end in the
direction indicated by the arrow B1) is positioned on the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B, the rotation axis Ax is positioned at
the center of the front end surface 38a of the probe 38. A front
end recess 48 is formed in the front end surface 38a of the probe
38. The front end recess 48 is positioned at the central part of
the front end surface 38a, and connected to the outer
circumferential recesses 40. The front end recess 48 includes a
central recess 50 positioned at the center of the front end surface
38a. The front end recess 48 (central recess 50) is formed
rotationally symmetrical about the rotation axis Ax.
As viewed from the front end of the probe 38, the central recess 50
has a shape formed by partially cutting outer marginal portion of a
circle about the rotation axis Ax (circle slightly smaller than the
outer circumference of the front end surface 38a of the probe 38)
partially by the three outer circumferential recesses 40. In the
structure, the central recess 50 is connected to each of the outer
circumferential recesses 40. As viewed from the front end of the
probe 38, the central recess 50 may have a shape formed by cutting
the polygonal (e.g., triangular or quadrangular) outer marginal
portion partially by the outer circumferential recesses 40.
The cross sectional shape of the wall surface of the central recess
50 taken along the rotation axis Ax has a circular arc shape. It
should be noted that the cross sectional shape of the wall surface
of the central recess 50 along the rotation axis Ax may be
determined as necessary, and may be a U-shape or a V-shape. The
portions of the front end surface 38a of the probe 38 around the
central recess 50 are flat surfaces extending in directions
perpendicular to the rotation axis Ax.
An outer front end edge 54 and an inner front end edge 56 are
formed in the front end surface 38a of the probe 38. The outer
front end edge 54 forms a front end marginal portion in each of the
outer circumferential recesses 40. That is, the outer front end
edge 54 couples the front end of the first outer circumferential
edge 44 and the front end the second outer circumferential edge 46
together.
Specifically, the outer front end edge 54 includes a first edge 58,
a second edge 60, and an intermediate edge 62. The first edge 58
forms a marginal portion in the front end surface of the claw 42,
on the rear side in the rotation direction of the probe 38 (in the
direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow R). The
first edge 58 is coupled to the front end of the first outer
circumferential edge 44. The first edge 58 extends inward from the
front end of the first outer circumferential edge 44, toward the
rotation axis Ax, with inclination toward the rear side in the
rotation direction of the probe 38. That is, an angle .theta.1
defined between the outer circumferential surface 38b of the probe
38 and the first edge 58 is determined to be an obtuse angle.
The second edge 60 forms a marginal portion in the front end
surface of the claw 42, on the front side in the rotation direction
of the probe 38 (in the direction indicated by the arrow R). The
second edge 60 is coupled to the front end of the second outer
circumferential edge 46. The second edge 60 extends inward from the
front end of the second outer circumferential edge 46, toward the
rotation axis Ax, with inclination toward the front side in the
rotation direction of the probe 38. That is, an angle .theta.2
defined between the outer circumferential surface 38b of the probe
38 and the second edge 60 is determined to be an obtuse angle.
The intermediate edge 62 couples the first edge 58 and the second
edge 60 together. The intermediate edge 62 forms a border between
the wall surface of the central recess 50 and the wall surface of
the outer circumferential recess 40. The intermediate edge 62
extends in a circular arc shape.
The inner front end edge 56 forms an outer marginal portion of the
central recess 50. Stated otherwise, the inner front end edge 56
forms a border between the wall surface of the central recess 50
and a front end surface of the claw 42. The inner front end edge 56
is coupled to the outer front end edge 54.
Next, an example of lap welding the first member 100 (e.g., an iron
plate) and the second member 102 (an aluminum alloy plate) of the
workpiece W together using the above described welding tool 10 will
be described.
In this case, in FIG. 1, in the state where the first member 100
and the second member 102 are stacked together, the workpiece W is
fixed to the fixing base 13. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4 and
5, one surface (first outer surface 100a) of the first member 100
is oriented toward the shoulder 36. The other surface (first inner
surface 100b) of the first member 100 contacts one surface (second
inner surface 102b) of the second member 102. The other surface
(second outer surface 102a) of the second member 102 contacts the
receiver member 27.
Then, the control unit 20 controls driving of the drive unit 24 to
move the welding tool 10 toward the workpiece W (in the direction
indicated by the arrow B1) while rotating the welding tool 10, and
presses the front end surface 38a of the probe 38 against the first
outer surface 100a of the first member 100.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the probe 38 is inserted into the
first member 100 while the probe 38 is machining the first member
100. At this time, since frictional heat is produced between the
probe 38 and the first member 100, the portion of the first member
100 around the probe 38 is softened.
Then, when the front end surface 38a of the probe 38 reaches the
second inner surface 102b of the second member 102, the probe 38 is
inserted into the second member 102 while machining the second
member 102. At this time, since frictional heat is produced between
the probe 38 and the second member 102 and the frictional heat
produced in the first member 100 is transmitted to the second
member 102, the portion of the second member 102 around the probe
38 is softened. Then, the probe 38 is embedded in the workpiece W
completely, and the front end surface 36a of the shoulder 36 is
brought into contact with the first outer surface 100a of the first
member 100.
The softened portion of the first member 100 (first softened
material 104) and the softened portion of the second member 102
(second softened material 106) are dragged by rotation of the probe
38 to flow plastically, and stirred together.
Specifically, the first softened material 104 present on the
lateral side of the probe 38 is taken into each of the plurality of
outer circumferential recesses 40. The first softened material 104
taken into each of the outer circumferential recesses 40 is guided
into the central recess 50, and mixed with (stirred with) the
second softened material 106 at the front end of the probe 38.
Then, as shown in FIG. 4, by moving the welding tool 10 in the
welding direction (in the direction indicated by an arrow F) while
maintaining rotation and pressing of the welding tool 10, the first
member 100 and the second member 102 are welded together integrally
by friction stir welding. As a result, a joint portion 108 (joint
bead) is formed in the workpiece W.
In this case, the welding tool 10 according to the embodiment of
the present invention offers the following advantages.
The front end recess 48 is formed in the front end surface 38a of
the probe 38. The front end recess 48 is positioned at the central
part of the front end surface 38a, and connected to the outer
circumferential recesses 40.
In the structure, it is possible to store the first softened
material 104 taken into the outer circumferential recesses 40, in
the front end recess 48. That is, it is possible to generate smooth
plastic flow of the first softened material 104 taken into the
outer circumferential recesses 40, toward the front end of the
probe 38. In this manner, since it is possible to effectively stir
the first softened material 104 and the second softened material
106 together, it is possible to obtain desired welding quality.
The front end recess 48 includes the central recess 50 positioned
at the center of the front end surface 38a, and the outer
circumferential recesses 40 are formed by cutting the outer
marginal portion of the central recess 50 partially.
With the simple structure as described above, it is possible to
connect the central recess 50 and the outer circumferential
recesses 40 together.
The outer front end edge 54 is formed in the front end surface 38a
of the probe 38. The outer front end edge 54 forms a marginal
portion in the outer circumferential recess 40 in the front end
direction of the probe 38. The outer front end edge 54 extends in a
manner that the angles .theta.1, .theta.2 defined between the outer
front end edge 54 and the outer circumferential surface 38b become
obtuse angles.
In the structure, it is possible to increase the rigidity
(strength) of a corner formed between the outer circumferential
surface 38b of the probe 38 and the outer front end edge 54.
First Modified Embodiment
Next, a probe 38A according to a first modified embodiment will be
described. In the description of the probe 38A, constituent
elements having the structure identical to that of the probe 38 are
labeled with the same reference numerals, and description thereof
is omitted. Further, in the probe 38A, the structure similar to
that of the probe 38 offers similar effects and advantages.
As shown in FIG. 6A, a front end recess 48a formed in the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38A includes a plurality of (three, in the
illustrated embodiment) front end grooves 70 extending outward in
the radial direction of the probe 38A from the center of the front
end surface 38a, and connected to the outer circumferential
recesses 40. The front end recess 48a is rotationally symmetrical
about the rotation axis Ax.
The plurality of front end grooves 70 have the same structure. The
groove width of each of the front end grooves 70 is the same as the
groove width of each of the outer circumferential recesses 40
(distance between the first outer circumferential edge 44 and the
second outer circumferential edge 46). The wall surface of the
front end groove 70 has a circular arc shape in lateral cross
section. It should be noted that the lateral cross sectional shape
of the wall surface of the front end groove 70 may be determined as
necessary, and may be a U-shape, or a V-shape, etc. The portion of
the front end surface 38a of the probe 38A other than the front end
grooves 70 and the outer circumferential recesses 40 is a flat
surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis
Ax.
An outer front end edge 54a, a first groove edge 74, a second
groove edge 76, and a third groove edge 78 are formed in the front
end surface 38a of the probe 38A. The outer front end edge 54a
forms a front end marginal portion of the outer circumferential
recess 40. Stated otherwise, the outer front end edge 54a forms a
border between the wall surface of the front end groove 70 and the
wall surface of the outer circumferential recess 40. The outer
front end edge 54a couples the front end of the first outer
circumferential edge 44 and the front end of the second outer
circumferential edge 46 together.
The first groove edge 74 forms a lateral marginal portion in the
front end groove 70 on the front side in the rotation direction of
the probe 38A (in the direction indicated by the arrow R). An outer
end of the first groove edge 74 positioned on the outer
circumferential side of the probe 38A is coupled to the front end
of the first outer circumferential edge 44.
The second groove edge 76 forms a lateral marginal portion in the
front end groove 70 on the rear side in the rotation direction of
the probe 38A (in the direction opposite to the direction indicated
by the arrow R). The first groove edge 74 and the second groove
edge 76 extend in parallel to each other on both sides of the front
end groove 70. The outer end of the second groove edge 76
positioned on the outer circumferential side of the probe 38A is
coupled to the front end of the second outer circumferential edge
46. With respect to the front end grooves 70 that are adjacent to
each other, the inner end of the first groove edge 74 of one of the
front end grooves 70 positioned on the central side of the probe
38A is coupled to the inner end of the second groove edge 76 of the
other of the front end grooves 70 positioned on the central side of
the prove 38A.
The third groove edge 78 is a ridge extending straight from the
center of the front end surface 38a toward the coupling part where
the first groove edge 74 and the second groove edge 76 are coupled
together. An angle .theta.3 defied between the third groove edges
78 that are adjacent to each other is determined to be
120.degree..
In this modified embodiment, the front end recess 48a includes the
front end grooves 70 extending outward in the radial directions of
the probe 38A from the center of the front end surface 38a, and
connected to the outer circumferential recesses 40.
In the structure, it is possible to guide the first softened
material 104 which flowed from the outer circumferential recesses
40 into the front end grooves 70 toward the central part of the
front end surface 38a of the prove 38A efficiently.
The number of the outer circumferential recesses 40 is three, and
the number of the front end grooves 70 is three. The third groove
edges 78 are formed in the front end surface 38a. Each of the third
groove edges 78 extends from the center of the front end surface
38a in a manner to divide the front end grooves 70 that are
adjacent to each other.
In the structure, the first softened material 104 which flows
plastically through the front end grooves 70 can be brought into
contact with the third groove edges 78, and guided in the front end
direction of the probe 38A. In this manner, in the front end
direction of the probe 38A, it is possible to stir the first
softened material 104 and the second softened material 106 together
more effectively.
Second Modified Embodiment
Next, a probe 38B according to a second modified embodiment will be
described. In the description of the probe 38B, constituent
elements having the structure identical to that of the probe 38A
are labeled with the same reference numerals, and description
thereof is omitted. Further, in the probe 38B, the structure
similar to that of the probe 38A offers similar effects and
advantages.
As shown in FIG. 6B, a front end recess 48b formed in a front end
surface 38a of the probe 38B includes narrow front end grooves 70a
instead of the front end grooves 70. The groove width of the front
end groove 70a is smaller than the groove width of the outer
circumferential recess 40. An outer front end edge 54b, a first
groove edge 74, a second groove edge 76, and a third groove edge 78
are formed in the front end surface 38a of the probe 38B.
The outer front end edge 54b forms a front end marginal portion of
each of the outer circumferential recesses 40. The outer front end
edge 54b includes a first edge 80, a second edge 82, and an
intermediate edge 84. The first edge 80 forms a marginal portion in
the front end surface of the claw 42 on the rear side in the
rotation direction of the probe 38B (in the direction opposite to
the direction indicated by the arrow R). The first edge 80 is
coupled to the front end of the first outer circumferential edge
44. The first edge 80 extends inward from the front end of the
first outer circumferential edge 44, toward the rotation axis Ax,
with inclination toward the rear side in the rotation direction of
the probe 38B. That is, an angle .theta.4 defined between the outer
circumferential surface 38b of the probe 38B and the first edge 80
is determined to be an obtuse angle.
The second edge 82 forms a marginal portion in the front surface of
the claw 42 on the front side in the rotation direction of the
probe 38B (in the direction indicated by the arrow R). The second
edge 82 is coupled to the front end of the second outer
circumferential edge 46. The second edge 82 extends inward from the
front end of the second outer circumferential edge 46, toward the
rotation axis Ax, with inclination toward the front side in the
rotation direction of the probe 38B. That is, an angle .theta.5
defined between the outer circumferential surface 38b of the probe
38B and the second edge 82 is determined to be an obtuse angle.
The intermediate edge 84 couples the first edge 80 and the second
edge 82 together. The intermediate edge 84 forms a border between
the wall surface of the front end groove 70a and the wall surface
of the outer circumferential recess 40.
In this modified embodiment, the outer circumferential recess 40 is
in the form of a groove, and the groove width of the front end
groove 70a is smaller than the groove width of the outer
circumferential groove 40.
In the structure, compared with the above described probe 38A,
since it is possible to form the claw 42 to have a large thickness,
it is possible to improve the rigidity (strength) of the claw 42.
Further, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the first
softened material 104 flowing through the front end groove 70a. In
the structure, it is possible to guide the first softened material
104 in the front end direction of the probe 38B efficiently. Thus,
it is possible to improve the welding speed.
Third Modified Embodiment
Next, a probe 38C according to a third modified embodiment will be
described. In the description of the probe 38C, constituent
elements having the structure identical to that of the probe 38A
are labeled with the same reference numerals, and description
thereof is omitted. Further, in the probe 38C, the structure
similar to that of the probe 38A offers similar effects and
advantages.
As shown in FIG. 7A, a front end recess 48c formed in the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38C includes a central recess 86
positioned at the center of the front end surface 38a, and a
plurality of (three, in the illustrated embodiment) front end
grooves 70 coupling the central recess 86 and the outer
circumferential recesses 40 together. The front end recess 48c is
rotationally symmetrical about the rotation axis Ax.
The central recess 86 has a circular shape as viewed from the front
end of the probe 38C. The wall surface of the central recess 86 has
a circular arc shape in cross section along the rotation axis Ax.
It should be noted that the cross sectional shape of the wall
surface of the central recess 86 may be determined as necessary,
and may be a U-shape, or a V-shape, etc. The groove width of the
front end groove 70 has the same length as the diameter of the
central recess 86. The groove width of the front end groove 70 is
the same as the groove width of the outer circumferential recess
40.
An outer front end edge 54a, a first groove edge 74, a second
groove edge 76, and a third groove edge 88 are formed in the front
end surface 38a of the probe 38C. The third groove edge 88 forms a
border between the wall surface of the central recess 86 and the
wall surface of the front end groove 70. The third groove edge 88
is coupled to an inner end of the first groove edge 74 and an inner
end of the second groove edge 76.
In this modified embodiment, the front end recess 48c includes the
central recess 86 positioned at the center of the front end surface
38a, and the front end grooves 70 which couples the central recess
86 and the outer circumferential recesses 40 together.
In the structure, the first softened material 104 taken into the
outer circumferential recesses 40 can be guided to the central
recess 86 through the front end grooves 70.
The central recess 86 has a circular shape as viewed from the front
end of the probe 38C, and the groove width of the front end groove
70 has the same length as the diameter of the central recess
86.
In the structure, in comparison with the case where the groove
width of the front end groove 70 is smaller than the diameter of
the central recess 86, it is possible to increase the quantity of
the first softened material 104 flowing through the front end
groove 70.
Fourth Modified Embodiment
Next, a probe 38D according to a fourth modified embodiment will be
described. In the description of the probe 38D, constituent
elements having the structure identical to that of the probe 38C
are labeled with the same reference numerals, and description
thereof is omitted. Further, in the probe 38D, the structure
similar to that of the probe 38C offers similar effects and
advantages.
As shown in FIG. 7B, a front end recess 48d formed in the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38D includes narrow front end grooves 70a
instead of the front end grooves 70. The groove width of the front
end groove 70a is smaller than the groove width of the outer
circumferential recess 40. Further, the groove width of the front
end groove 70a is smaller than the diameter of the central recess
86.
An outer front end edge 54b, a first groove edge 74, a second
groove edge 76, a third groove edge 88, and an inner front end edge
90 are formed in the front end surface 38a of the probe 38D. The
inner front end edge 90 forms a border between the wall surface of
the central recess 86 and the front end surface of the claw 42.
In this modified embodiment, the central recess 86 is formed to
have a circular shape as viewed from the front end of the probe
38D, and the groove width of the front end groove 70a is smaller
than the diameter of the central recess 86.
In the structure, it is possible to improve the rigidity (strength)
of each of the claws 42. Further, it is possible to improve the
flow rate of the first softened material 104 flowing through the
front end groove 70a. In the structure, since it is possible to
efficiently generate plastic flow of the first softened material
104 in the front end direction of the probe 38D, it is possible to
improve the welding speed.
Fifth Modified Embodiment
Next, a probe 38E according to a fifth modified embodiment will be
described. In the description of the probe 38E, constituent
elements having the structure identical to that of the probe 38A
are labeled with the same reference numerals, and description
thereof is omitted. Further, in the probe 38E, the structure
similar to that of the probe 38A offers similar effects and
advantages.
As shown in FIG. 8, a front end recess 48e formed in the front end
surface 38a of the probe 38E includes a plurality of front end
grooves 70b (three, in the illustrated embodiment) extending
straight from the outer circumferential recesses 40 toward
positions shifted from the center of the front end surface 38a of
the probe 38E (rotation axis Ax) in a manner that the front end
grooves 70b intersect with each other. The front end recess 48e is
rotationally symmetrical about the rotation axis Ax.
As viewed from the front end of the probe 38E, the front end
grooves 70b extend straight in a manner that the central line L1 of
each of the front end grooves 70b passes through a position shifted
from the center of the front end surface 38a of the probe 38E
(rotation axis Ax). An angle (shift angle .theta.6 of the front end
groove 70b) defined between a line segment L2 which connects the
center of the outer circumferential recess 40 in the width
direction and the rotation axis Ax, and the central line L1 can be
determined as necessary.
The plurality of front end grooves 70b has the same structure. The
groove width of each of the front end grooves 70b is the same as
the groove width of the outer circumferential recess 40. The wall
surface of the front end groove 70b has a circular shape in lateral
cross section. It should be noted that the lateral cross sectional
shape of the wall surface of the front end groove 70b may be
determined as necessary, and may be a U-shape, or a V-shape,
etc.
The front end surface 38a of the probe 38E includes an outer front
end edge 54a, a first groove edge 92, a second groove edge 94, and
a third groove edge 96. The first groove edge 92 forms a lateral
marginal portion in the front end groove 70b on the front side in
the rotation direction of the probe 38E (in the direction indicated
by the arrow R). The outer end of the first groove edge 92
positioned on the outer circumferential side of the probe 38E is
coupled to the front end of the first outer circumferential edge
44.
The second groove edge 94 forms a lateral marginal portion in the
front end groove 70b on the rear side in the rotation direction of
the probe 38E (in the direction opposite to the direction indicated
by the arrow R). The first groove edge 92 and the second groove
edge 94 extend in parallel to each other on both sides of the front
end groove 70b. The outer end of the second groove edge 94
positioned on the outer circumferential side of the probe 38E is
coupled to the front end of the second outer circumferential edge
46.
With respect to the front end grooves 70b that are adjacent to each
other, the inner end of the first groove edge 92 of one of the
front end grooves 70b positioned on the central side of the probe
38E is coupled to the inner end of the second groove edge 94 of the
other of the front end grooves 70b positioned on the central side
of the probe 38E. The entire length of the second groove edge 94 is
smaller than the entire length of the first groove edge 92. As
viewed from the front end of the probe 38E, the central line L1 of
the front end groove 70b is positioned close to the first groove
edge 92 of the front end groove 70b, compared with the center of
the front end surface 38a (rotation axis Ax).
The third groove edge 96 is a ridge extending from the center of
the front end surface 38a to divide the front end grooves 70b which
are adjacent to each other. The third groove edge 96 forms a
marginal portion of the front end groove 70b in which the front end
groove 70b extends, and forms part of a lateral marginal portion of
the adjacent front end groove 70b. The third groove edge 96
includes a first straight part 98a extending from the center of the
front end surface 38a and a second straight part 98b extending from
a coupling part of the first groove edge 92 and the second groove
edge 94 up to the first straight part 98a. The first straight part
98a and the second straight part 98b have the same length. Stated
otherwise, the intersection between the first straight part 98a and
the second straight part 98b is positioned at an extended end of
the front end groove 70b.
In this modified embodiment, the front end recess 48e includes the
front end grooves 70b connected to the outer circumferential
recesses 40. The plurality of outer circumferential recesses 40 are
provided in the circumferential directions of the probe 38E, and
the plurality of front end grooves 70b are provided in a manner to
intersect with each other. As viewed from the front end of the
probe 38E, the front end groove 70b extends straight in a manner
that the central line L1 of the front end groove 70b passes through
a position shifted from the center of the front end surface 38a of
the probe 38E, and the claw 42 is formed in the probe 38E, between
the front end grooves 70b that are adjacent to each other.
In the structure, by adjusting the shift amount (shift angle
.theta.6) between the center of the front end surface 38a of the
probe 38E and the central line L1 of the front end groove 70b, it
is possible to change the shape of the claw 42 (improve freedom in
designing the shape of the claw 42). Specifically, as the shift
angle .theta.6 decreases, the corner (angle .theta.7 defined
between the outer circumferential surface 38b of the probe 38E and
the second groove edge 94) in the claw 42 on the front side in the
rotation direction of the probe 38E (in the direction indicated by
the arrow R) decreases. In this case, the performance of machining
the workpiece W by the claw 42 is improved. On the other hand, as
the shift angle .theta.6 increases, the angle .theta.7 increases.
In this case, since it is possible to improve the rigidity
(strength) of the claw 42, the durability of the probe 38E is
improved.
The third groove edge 96 is formed in the front end surface 38a.
The third groove edge 96 extends from the center of the front end
surface 38a in a manner to divide the front end grooves 70b that
are adjacent to each other.
In the structure, the first softened material 104 which flows
plastically through the front end groove 70b can be brought into
contact with the third groove edge 96, and guided in the front end
direction of the probe 38E. In this manner, it is possible to stir
the first softened material 104 and the second softened material
106 more effectively.
In the probe 38E according to the modified embodiment, as viewed
from the front end of the probe 38E, the central line L1 of the
front end groove 70b may be positioned close to the second groove
edge 94 of the front end groove 70b, compared with the center of
the front end surface 38a (rotation axis Ax). In this case, as the
shift angle .theta.6 decreases, the angle .theta.7 increases, and
as the shift angle .theta.6 increases, the angle .theta.7
decreases.
In the probe 38E, the groove width of the front end groove 70b may
be smaller than the groove width of the outer circumferential
recess 40.
The present invention is not limited to the above described
embodiments. It is a matter of course that various modifications
may be made without departing from the gist of the present
invention.
The welding tool 10 may be configured to perform lap welding of a
workpiece W which comprises three or more plate members that are
stacked together. The welding tool 10 may be used in butt welding,
where end surfaces of two plate members are brought into abutment
with each other, and the abutting portions are welded together by
friction stir welding. The sizes, the shapes, the positions, and
the numbers of the outer circumferential recesses 40, and the front
end grooves 70, 70a, 70b can be changed as necessary.
The above embodiments are summarized as follows:
The above embodiments disclose the friction stir welding tool (10)
including the probe (38A to 38E) having the front end surface (38a)
and the outer circumferential surface (38b), wherein the outer
circumferential recess (40) extending up to the front end surface
(38a) is formed in the outer circumferential surface (38b), and the
friction stir welding tool (10) is configured to rotate the probe
(38A to 38E) about the rotation axis (Ax), and embed the probe (38A
to 38E) inside the workpiece (W) during rotation of the probe (38A
to 38E) to weld the workpiece (W), and wherein the front end recess
(48, 48a to 48e) is formed in the front end surface (38a), and the
front end recess (48, 48a to 48e) is positioned at the central part
of the front end surface (38a), and connected to the outer
circumferential recess (40).
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the front
end recess (48a) may include the central recess (50) positioned at
the center of the front end surface (38a), and the outer
circumferential recess (40) may be formed by cutting the outer
marginal portion of the central recess (50) partially.
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the front
end recess (48b) include a front end groove (70, 70a), and the
front end groove (70, 70a) may extend outward in the radial
direction of the probe (38A to 38D) from the center of the front
end surface (38a), and the front end groove (70, 70a) may be
connected to the outer circumferential recess (40).
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the outer
circumferential recess (40) may comprise a plurality of outer
circumferential recesses and the front end groove (70, 70a) may
comprise a plurality of front end grooves, and the ridge (78) may
be formed in the front end surface (38a) in a manner that the ridge
(78) extends from the center of the front end surface (38a) to
divide the front end grooves (70, 70a) that are adjacent to each
other.
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the outer
circumferential recess (40) may be in the form of a groove, and the
groove width of the front end groove (70a) may be smaller than the
groove width of the outer circumferential recess (40).
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the front
end recess (48c, 48d) may include the central recess (86) provided
at the center of the front end surface (38a) and the front end
groove (70, 70a) configured to couple the central recess (86) and
the outer circumferential recess (40) together.
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the central
recess (86) may have a circular shape as viewed from the front end
of the probe (38C), and the groove width of the front end groove
(70) may have the same length as the diameter of the central recess
(86).
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the central
recess (86) may have a circular shape as viewed from the front end
of the probe (38D), and the groove width of the front end groove
(70a) may be smaller than the diameter of the central recess
(86).
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the front
end recess (48e) may include the front end groove (70b) connected
to the outer circumferential recess (40), the outer circumferential
recess (40) may comprise a plurality of outer circumferential
recesses (40) provided in a circumferential direction of the probe
(38E), the front end groove (70b) may comprise a plurality of front
end grooves (70b) provided in a manner to intersect with each
other, the front end grooves (70b) may extend straight in a manner
that, as viewed from the front end of the probe (38E), the central
line (L1) of each of the front end grooves (70b) passes through a
position shifted from the center of the front end surface (38a) of
the probe (38E), and the claw (42) may be formed in the probe
(38E), between the front end grooves (70b) that are adjacent to
each other.
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the ridge
(96) may be formed in the front end surface (38a) in a manner that
the ridge (96) extends from the center of the front end surface
(38a) to divide the front end grooves (70b) that are adjacent to
each other.
In the above described friction stir welding tool (10), the outer
front end edge (54, 54b) may be formed in the front end surface
(38a), and the outer front end edge (54, 54b) may form a marginal
portion in the outer circumferential recess (40) in the front end
direction of the probe (38, 38B, 38D), and the outer front end edge
(54a, 54b) may extend in a manner that an angle (.theta.1,
.theta.2, .theta.4, .theta.5) defined between the outer front end
edge (54, 54b) and the outer circumferential surface (38b) becomes
an obtuse angle.
* * * * *