U.S. patent number 11,285,821 [Application Number 16/797,769] was granted by the patent office on 2022-03-29 for battery module, battery pack comprising battery module, and vehicle comprising battery pack.
This patent grant is currently assigned to LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD.. The grantee listed for this patent is LG CHEM, LTD.. Invention is credited to Tae-Geun Kim, Bok-Gun Lee, Jeong-Woon Lee, Jin-Woo Park.
United States Patent |
11,285,821 |
Kim , et al. |
March 29, 2022 |
Battery module, battery pack comprising battery module, and vehicle
comprising battery pack
Abstract
A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells stacked
on one another and respectively having electrode leads protruding
on at least one side thereof and a bus bar assembly configured to
electrically connect the electrode leads of the plurality of
battery cells and having at least one lead slot through which
electrode leads of two battery cells adjacent to each other pass in
common.
Inventors: |
Kim; Tae-Geun (Daejeon,
KR), Park; Jin-Woo (Daejeon, KR), Lee;
Bok-Gun (Daejeon, KR), Lee; Jeong-Woon (Daejeon,
KR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LG CHEM, LTD. |
Seoul |
N/A |
KR |
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Assignee: |
LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD.
(Seoul, KR)
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Family
ID: |
59743019 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/797,769 |
Filed: |
February 21, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200189400 A1 |
Jun 18, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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15744443 |
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10647206 |
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PCT/KR2017/000826 |
Jan 24, 2017 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 3, 2016 [KR] |
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10-2016-0025747 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01M
50/502 (20210101); B60L 50/50 (20190201); H01M
50/20 (20210101); H01M 50/211 (20210101); B60L
50/64 (20190201); H01M 50/503 (20210101); H01M
50/50 (20210101); H01M 10/482 (20130101); H01M
2220/20 (20130101); Y02E 60/10 (20130101); Y02T
10/70 (20130101); H01M 10/425 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60L
9/00 (20190101); B60L 50/64 (20190101); B60L
50/50 (20190101); H01M 50/502 (20210101); H01M
50/50 (20210101); H01M 50/20 (20210101); H01M
10/48 (20060101); H01M 10/42 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;701/70,22 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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103931018 |
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Jul 2014 |
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CN |
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204102979 |
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Jan 2015 |
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CN |
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105070874 |
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Nov 2015 |
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CN |
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2 693 516 |
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Feb 2014 |
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EP |
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2007-109548 |
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Apr 2007 |
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JP |
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10-2014-0056835 |
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May 2014 |
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KR |
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10-2014-0062171 |
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May 2014 |
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KR |
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10-2014-0093424 |
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Jul 2014 |
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KR |
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10-2014-0137044 |
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Dec 2014 |
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KR |
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10-2014-0144941 |
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Dec 2014 |
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KR |
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Other References
International Search Report issued in PCT/KR2017/000826
(PCT/ISA210), dated Apr. 27, 2017. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Patel; Shardul D
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Birch, Stewart, Kolasch &
Birch, LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No.
15/744,443 filed on Jan. 12, 2018, which is a National Phase of PCT
international Application No. PCT/KR2017/000826 filed on Jan. 24,
2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(a) to Korean
Patent Application No. 10-2016-0025747 filed in the Republic of
Korea on Mar. 3, 2016. All of the above applications are hereby
expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A battery module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells
stacked on one another and respectively having electrode leads
protruding on at least one side thereof; and a bus bar assembly
configured to electrically connect the electrode leads of the
plurality of battery cells and having at least one lead slot
through which electrode leads of two battery cells adjacent to each
other pass in common, wherein the bus bar assembly includes: a bus
bar frame configured to cover the plurality of battery cells and
having the at least one lead slot; at least one mounting protrusion
extending from a front surface of the bus bar frame; a board
mounting portion formed in a front surface of the bus bar frame;
and at least one bus bar mounted to the front surface of the bus
bar frame and connected to the electrode leads which pass through
the at least one lead slot in common, the at least one bus bar
having a groove receiving the at least one bus bar.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the bus bar
frame includes at least one pass guider provided at the other side
of the bus bar frame to guide the electrode leads of the adjacent
two battery cells to pass through the at least one lead slot.
3. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the at least
one pass guider includes: a first guider formed at the other side
of the bus bar frame to guide the electrode lead of any one of the
adjacent two battery cells to pass through the at least one lead
slot; and a second guider disposed to be spaced apart from the
first guider with the at least one lead slot being interposed
therebetween to guide the electrode lead of the other of the
adjacent two battery cells to pass through the at least one lead
slot.
4. The battery module according to claim 3, wherein a width between
the first guider and the second guider becomes smaller as being
closer to the at least one lead slot.
5. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein at least one of
the first guider and the second guider is inclined toward the at
least one lead slot.
6. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the at least
one pass guider is provided in a number corresponding to the number
of the at least one lead slot.
7. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein two electrode
leads passing through the at least one lead slot in common are bent
in the same direction to come into contact with each other.
8. The battery module according to claim 7, wherein two electrode
leads passing through the at least one lead slot in common are bent
integrally.
9. A battery pack, comprising: at least one battery module defined
in claim 1; and a pack case configured to package the at least one
battery module.
10. A vehicle, comprising at least one battery pack defined in
claim 9.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a battery module, a battery pack
including the battery module, and a vehicle including the battery
pack.
BACKGROUND ART
Secondary batteries which are highly applicable to various products
and exhibit superior electrical properties such as high energy
density, etc. are commonly used not only in portable devices but
also in electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
driven by electrical power sources. The secondary battery is
drawing attentions as a new energy source for enhancing energy
efficiency and environment friendliness in that the use of fossil
fuels can be reduced greatly and no byproduct is generated during
energy consumption.
Secondary batteries widely used at the preset include lithium ion
batteries, lithium polymer batteries, nickel cadmium batteries,
nickel hydrogen batteries, nickel zinc batteries and the like. An
operating voltage of the unit secondary battery cell, namely a unit
battery cell, is about 2.5V to 4.2V. Therefore, if a higher output
voltage is required, a plurality of battery cells may be connected
in series to configure a battery pack. In addition, depending on
the charge/discharge capacity required for the battery pack, a
plurality of battery cells may be connected in parallel to
configure a battery pack. Thus, the number of battery cells
included in the battery pack may be variously set according to the
required output voltage or the demanded charge/discharge
capacity.
Meanwhile, when a plurality of battery cells are connected in
series or in parallel to configure a battery pack, it is common to
configure a battery module composed of at least one battery cell
first, and then configure a battery pack by using at least one
battery module and adding other components.
A conventional battery module includes a plurality of stacked
battery cells and a bus bar assembly for electrically connecting
electrode leads of the plurality of battery cells.
Here, the bus bar assembly includes a bus bar frame having lead
slots through which the electrode leads of the battery cells pass
individually, and a bus bar mounted to the bus bar frame and having
bus bar slots corresponding to the number of lead slots, so that
the bus bar is connected to the electrode leads passing through the
bus bar slots by welding or the like.
However, in the conventional battery module, since the lead slots
are required as much as the number of the electrode cells, the
number of lead slots is increased according to the number of the
electrode leads. Also, as the number of lead slots is increased,
intervals of the lead slots are relatively narrowed at the bus bar
frame, which may deteriorate the efficiency of the assembling
process, for example by increasing the probability of assembly
failure such as misassembling according to the number of electrode
leads.
Therefore, in the battery module, it is required to find a way to
improve the efficiency of the assembly process when the bus bar
assembly is assembled to the battery cell.
DISCLOSURE
Technical Problem
The present disclosure is directed to providing a battery module
which may improve the efficiency of the assembling process when a
bus bar assembly is assembled to a battery cell, a battery pack
including the battery module, and a vehicle including the battery
pack.
Technical Solution
In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a
battery module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells stacked on
one another and respectively having electrode leads protruding on
at least one side thereof; and a bus bar assembly configured to
electrically connect the electrode leads of the plurality of
battery cells and having at least one lead slot through which
electrode leads of two battery cells adjacent to each other pass in
common.
The bus bar assembly may include: a bus bar frame configured to
cover the plurality of battery cells and having the at least one
lead slot and at least one bus bar mounted to one side of the bus
bar frame and connected to the electrode leads which pass through
the at least one lead slot in common.
The bus bar frame may include at least one pass guider provided at
the other side of the bus bar frame to guide the electrode leads of
the adjacent two battery cells to pass through the at least one
lead slot.
The at least one pass guider may include: a first guider formed at
the other side of the bus bar frame to guide the electrode lead of
any one of the adjacent two battery cells to pass through the at
least one lead slot; and a second guider disposed to be spaced
apart from the first guider with the at least one lead slot being
interposed therebetween to guide the electrode lead of the other of
the adjacent two battery cells to pass through the at least one
lead slot.
A width between the first guider and the second guider may become
smaller as being closer to the at least one lead slot.
At least one of the first guider and the second guider may be
inclined toward the at least one lead slot.
The at least one pass guider may be provided in a number
corresponding to the number of the at least one lead slot.
Two electrode leads passing through the at least one lead slot in
common may be bent in the same direction to come into contact with
each other.
Two electrode leads passing through the at least one lead slot in
common may be bent integrally.
In addition, the present disclosure provides a battery pack,
comprising: at least one battery module according to the above
embodiments; and a pack case configured to package the at least one
battery module.
Moreover, the present disclosure provides a vehicle, comprising at
least one battery pack according to the above embodiment.
Advantageous Effects
According to various embodiments as above, it is possible to
provide a battery module which may improve the efficiency of the
assembling process when a bus bar assembly is assembled to a
battery cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a
vehicle including the battery pack.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment of the
present disclosure and together with the foregoing disclosure,
serve to provide further understanding of the technical features of
the present disclosure, and thus, the present disclosure is not
construed as being limited to the drawing.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for illustrating a battery module according to
an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the battery module
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a battery cell of the battery
module of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a bus bar frame of a bus bar
assembly, employed at the battery module of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing the bus bar frame of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectioned view, taken along the line A-A' of FIG.
5.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing the battery module of FIG. 1.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectioned view, taken along the line B-B' of FIG.
7.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating a battery pack according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
BEST MODE
The present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in
detail the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to
the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the
embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative only for better
understanding of the present disclosure, and that the present
disclosure may be modified in various ways. In addition, for ease
understanding of the present disclosure, the accompanying drawings
are not drawn to real scale, but the dimensions of some components
may be exaggerated.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for illustrating a battery module according to
an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 2 is an exploded
perspective view showing the battery module of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a
perspective view showing a battery cell of the battery module of
FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a bus bar frame of a
bus bar assembly, employed at the battery module of FIG. 2, FIG. 5
is a front view showing the bus bar frame of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is
a cross-sectioned view, taken along the line A-A' of FIG. 5.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, a battery module 10 may include a
battery cell 100 and a bus bar assembly 200.
The battery cell 100 is a secondary battery, and may be a
pouch-type secondary battery. The battery cell 100 may be provided
in plural, and the plurality of battery cells 100 may be stacked on
one another so as to be electrically connected to each other.
Each of the plurality of battery cells 100 may include an electrode
assembly 110, a battery case 130, an electrode lead 150 and an
insulating tape 170.
The electrode assembly 110 may include a positive electrode plate,
a negative electrode plate and a separator. The electrode assembly
110 is well known in the art and not described in detail here.
The battery case 130 is used for packaging the electrode assembly
110, and may be made of a laminate sheet including a resin layer
and a metal layer. The battery case 130 may include a case body 132
and a case terrace 135.
The case body 132 may accommodate the electrode assembly 110. For
this, the case body 132 may have an accommodation space capable of
accommodating the electrode assembly 110.
The case terrace 135 extends from the case body 132 and may be
sealed to keep the electrode assembly 110 airtight. At one side of
the case terrace 135, specifically at a front portion (+X-axial
direction) and a rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the case
terrace 135, the electrode lead 150, explained later, may be
partially exposed.
The electrode lead 150 may be electrically connected to the
electrode assembly 110. The electrode lead 150 may be provided in a
pair. A portion of the pair of electrode leads 150 may protrude out
of the case terrace 135 at a front portion (+X-axial direction) and
a rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the battery case 130,
respectively.
The insulating tape 170 may prevent a short circuit between the
battery case 130 and the electrode lead 150 and improve the sealing
performance of the case terrace 135.
The insulating tape 170 may be provided in a number corresponding
to the number of the electrode leads 150. Accordingly, the
insulating tape 170 may be provided in a pair. A portion of the
pair of insulating tapes 170 may protrude out of the case terrace
135 at a front portion (+X-axial direction) and a rear portion
(-X-axial direction) of the battery case 130, respectively.
The bus bar assembly 200 is used for electrically connecting the
electrode leads 150 of the plurality of battery cells 100 and may
cover the plurality of battery cells 100 so as to be electrically
connected to the plurality of battery cells 100.
This bus bar assembly 200 may cover the plurality of battery cells
100 in a protruding direction (X-axial direction) of the electrode
leads 150 of the plurality of battery cells 100.
For this, the bus bar assembly 200 may be provided in a pair. The
pair of bus bar assemblies 200 may cover the plurality of battery
cells 100 so that the electrode leads 150 protruding at a front
portion (+X-axial direction) of the plurality of battery cells 100
and the electrode leads 150 protruding at a rear portion (-X-axial
direction) of the plurality of battery cells 100 are electrically
connected.
The pair of bus bar assemblies 200 may include a bus bar frame 210,
a bus bar 280, and an ICB board 290, respectively.
The bus bar frame 210 may cover the front portion (+X-axial
direction) or the rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the
plurality of battery cells 100. For this, the bus bar frame 210 may
have an area corresponding to the front portion (+X-axial
direction) or the rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the
plurality of battery cells 100.
The bus bar frame 210 may include a bus bar mounting protrusion
230, a board mounting portion 240, a lead slot 250 and a pass
guider 260.
The bus bar mounting protrusion 230 is used for mounting a bus bar
280, explained later, and may be provided at one side of the bus
bar frame 210, specifically at a front surface 212 of the bus bar
frame 210.
The board mounting portion 240 is used for mounting the ICB board
290 and may be provided at the front surface 212 of the bus bar
frame 210 and form a predetermined accommodation space for
accommodating the ICB board 290.
The lead slot 250 is used for allowing the electrode leads 150 of
the plurality of battery cells 100 to pass therethrough and may be
formed along a vertical direction (Z-axial direction) of the bus
bar frame 210.
This lead slot 250 may allow electrode leads 150 of adjacent two
battery cells 100 to pass therethrough in common. In other words,
one lead slot 250 may allow the electrode leads 150 of adjacent two
battery cells 100 to pass therethrough in common. That is, in this
embodiment, the electrode leads 150 of two facing battery cells 100
may pass through a single lead slot 250 in common.
The lead slot 250 may be provided in plural, and the plurality of
lead slots 250 may be spaced apart from each other by a
predetermined distance along a lateral direction (Y-axial
direction) of the bus bar frame 210.
The number of lead slots 250 may be provided in half of the number
of the battery cells 100. This is because each lead slot 250 of
this embodiment allows the electrode leads 150 of adjacent two
battery cells 100 to pass therethrough in common.
Accordingly, in this embodiment, the number of lead slots, which
have been conventionally prepared corresponding to the number of
battery cells, may be reduced by half, and thus it is easy to
manufacture the lead slots 250 in the bus bar frame 210 and the
width the lead slots 250 may be relatively broadened.
The pass guider 260 is used for guiding the electrode leads 150 of
the adjacent two battery cells 100 to pass through the lead slot
250 and may be provided at the other side of the bus bar frame 210,
specifically at a rear surface 216 of the bus bar frame 210.
The pass guider 260 may form a predetermined guide space in the
rear surface 216 of the bus bar frame 10 so that the two electrode
leads 150 may come close to each other before passing through the
lead slot 250. For this, the width of the guide space may become
narrower from the rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the bus bar
frame 210 toward the front portion (+X-axial direction) of the bus
bar frame 210 having the lead slot 250.
The pass guider 260 may be provided in plural. Here, the plurality
of pass guiders 260 may be provided corresponding to the number of
the plurality of lead slots 250. Accordingly, the electrode leads
150 of adjacent two battery cells among the plurality of battery
cells 100 may form pairs and then pass through the corresponding
lead slot 250 after passing through the pass guider 260.
The plurality of pass guiders 260 may include a first guider 262
and a second guider 266, respectively.
The first guider 262 is formed at the other side 216 of the bus bar
frame 210, namely at the rear surface 216 of the bus bar frame 210
and may guide the electrode lead 150 of any one of the adjacent two
battery cells 100 to pass through the lead slot 250.
The second guider 266 may be spaced apart from the first guider 262
with the lead slot 250 being interposed therebetween and guide the
electrode lead 150 of the other of the adjacent two battery cells
100 to pass through the lead slot 250.
The width between the second guider 266 and the first guider 262
may be gradually reduced as being closer to the lead slot 250 so
that the electrode leads 150 of the adjacent two battery cells 100
forming a pair may easily pass through the lead slot 250. For this,
at least one of the second guider 266 and the first guider 262 may
be inclined toward the lead slot 250.
The bus bar 280 is mounted to one side of the bus bar frame 210,
specifically to the front surface 212 of the bus bar frame 210 and
may be connected to the electrode leads 150 which pass through the
plurality of lead slots 250 in common.
The bus bar 280 may be provided in a pair. The pair of bus bars 280
may include a frame mounting groove 282 and a bus bar slot 285,
respectively.
The bus bar mounting protrusion 230 of the bus bar frame 210 may be
inserted into the frame mounting groove 282 when the bus bar frame
210 of the bus bar 280 is mounted.
The bus bar slot 285 may allow at least a portion of the electrode
leads 150, which pass through the lead slots 250, to pass a front
portion (+X-axial direction) of the bus bar 280. In this
embodiment, two electrode leads 150 passing through the lead slots
250 in common may be bent after passing through the bus bar slot
285, or be bent at both ends (Y-axial direction) of the bus bar 280
and connected to the bus bar 280 by welding or the like.
In this embodiment, since portions of two electrode leads 150
passing through the lead slots 250 at both ends (Y-axial direction)
of the bus bar 280 and connected to the bus bar 280, the number of
the bus bar slots 285 need not correspond to the number of the lead
slots 250.
Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is possible to secure more area
for the bus bar 280, and thus a cross-sectional area of the bus bar
280 through which current flows may be increased. Thus, in this
embodiment, when current flows through the bus bar 280, the
resistance of the bus bar 280 may be minimized, thereby effectively
preventing the bus bar 280 from overheating.
Hereinafter, a process of assembling the battery module 100 and the
bus bar assembly 200 of the battery module 10 according to this
embodiment will be described in more detail.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing the battery module of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectioned view, taken along the line B-B' of FIG.
7.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the plurality of battery cells 100 may
be assembled with the pair of bus bar assemblies 200 for mutual
electrical connection and voltage sensing. For convenience of
explanation, hereinafter, the process of assembling the plurality
of battery cells 100 and the bus bar assembly 200 at a front
portion (+X-axial direction) of the plurality of battery cells 100
will be described.
Here, the electrode leads 150 of adjacent two battery cells 100
among the plurality of battery cells 100 may pass through the lead
slot 250 provided in a front portion (+X-axial direction) thereof
in common. Accordingly, the battery module 10 of this embodiment
may enhance the efficiency of the assembling process for the
plurality of battery cells 100 and the bus bar assembly 200.
At this time, first, in order to help the electrode leads 150 to
pass through the lead slot 250 easily, the case terraces 135 of the
adjacent two battery cells 100 and the electrode leads 150
protruding from the case terraces 135 may be all guided by the pass
guider 260 to slide to a font portion (+X-axial direction) of the
bus bar frame 210.
After that, the case terraces 135 and the electrode leads 150 of
the adjacent two battery cells 100 may be guided by the first
guider 262 and the second guider 266, respectively, to come closer
to each other as moving to the front portion (+X-axial direction)
of the bus bar frame 210.
In this embodiment, not only the electrode leads 150 of the
adjacent two battery cells 100 moving closer by the pass guider 260
but also the case terraces 135 of the adjacent two battery cells
100 may be guided at a rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the bus
bar frame 210.
Accordingly, in this embodiment, the electrode leads 150 may more
easily pass through to the lead slot 250 just by sliding the case
terraces 135 from a rear portion (-X-axial direction) of the bus
bar frame 210 to the pass guider 260.
After that, two electrode leads 150 passing through the lead slot
250 in common may be bent after passing through the bus bar slot
285 of the bus bar 280 or bent at both ends (Y-axial direction) of
the bus bar 280 and then connected to the bus bar 280.
At this time, two electrode leads 150 passing through the lead slot
250 in common may be bent in the same direction and then connected
to the bus bar 280 by welding or the like. In other words, two
electrode leads 150 passing through the lead slot 250 in common may
be integrally bent together in the same direction and connected to
the bus bar 280 by welding or the like.
Accordingly, in this embodiment, the electrode leads 150 may be
bent fewer times, which may improve the efficiency of the
assembling process further. In addition, in this embodiment, since
the ends of two electrode leads 150 passing through the lead slot
250 in common are bent in the same direction, both ends of two
electrode leads 150 may be exposed to the outside. Thus, in this
embodiment, the welding quality of the electrode leads 150 may be
further improved since the welding condition of the two electrode
leads 150 may be entirely checked during the welding process.
As described above, the battery module 10 of this embodiment may
greatly improve the efficiency of the assembling process when the
plurality of battery cells 100 and the bus bar assembly 200 are
assembled.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating a battery pack according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 9, a battery pack 1 may include at least one
battery module 10 according to the former embodiment and a pack
case 50 for packaging the at least one battery module 10.
The battery pack 1 may be provided to a vehicle as a fuel source of
the vehicle. As an example, the battery pack 1 may be provided to
an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, and various other-type
vehicles capable of using the battery pack 1 as a fuel source. In
addition, the battery pack 1 may be provided in other devices,
instruments or facilities such as an energy storage system using a
secondary battery, in addition to the vehicle.
As described above, the battery pack 1 of this embodiment and
devices, instruments or facilities such as a vehicle, which have
the battery pack 1, include the battery module 10 as described
above, and thus it is possible to implement a battery pack 1 having
all the advantages of the battery module 10 described above, or
devices, instruments, facilities or the like such as a vehicle,
which have the battery pack 1.
While the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and
described, it should be understood that the present disclosure is
not limited to the specific embodiments described, and that various
changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the
present disclosure by those skilled in the art, and these
modifications should not be understood individually from the
technical ideas and views of the present disclosure.
* * * * *