U.S. patent number 11,240,802 [Application Number 16/781,947] was granted by the patent office on 2022-02-01 for full uplink blanking to avoid rf impairments for devices with multiple connections.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nokia Technologies Oy. The grantee listed for this patent is Nokia Technologies Oy. Invention is credited to Ahmad Awada, Frank Frederiksen, Ingo Viering.
United States Patent |
11,240,802 |
Viering , et al. |
February 1, 2022 |
Full uplink blanking to avoid RF impairments for devices with
multiple connections
Abstract
In accordance with an example embodiment of the present
invention, a method comprising: receiving, by a user equipment,
instructions based on a determination that a communication sent
from the user equipment to at least one network comprising
signaling to at least one network node over continuous time slots
of at least one uplink connection would cause a problem with the
communication; and based on the instructions, preventing by the
user equipment the signaling over at least one particular time slot
of the at least one uplink connection to overcome the problem,
wherein the instructions are received in a recurring pattern
indicating the at least one particular time slot.
Inventors: |
Viering; Ingo (Munich,
DE), Frederiksen; Frank (Klarup, DK),
Awada; Ahmad (Munich, DE) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Nokia Technologies Oy |
Espoo |
N/A |
FI |
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Assignee: |
Nokia Technologies Oy (Espoo,
FI)
|
Family
ID: |
1000006087713 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/781,947 |
Filed: |
February 4, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200267723 A1 |
Aug 20, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62805452 |
Feb 14, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W
36/10 (20130101); H04W 76/15 (20180201); H04W
72/0446 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04W
4/00 (20180101); H04W 76/15 (20180101); H04W
72/04 (20090101); H04W 36/10 (20090101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 15)", 3GPP TS
36.212, V15.4.0, Dec. 2018, pp. 1-247. cited by applicant .
"The Analysis of LTE Mobility Interruption and Possible Enhancement
Directions", 3GPP TSG-RAN WG2 Meeting #103bis, R2-1814460, Agenda:
12.3.2, Nokia, Oct. 8-12, 2018, 4 pages. cited by applicant .
"3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification
(Release 15)", 3GPP TS 36.331, V15.3.0, Sep. 2018, pp. 1-918. cited
by applicant .
"3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Radio Access Network; NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol
specification (Release 15)", 3GPP TS 38.331, V15.4.0, Dec. 2018,
pp. 1-474. cited by applicant .
Bryan et al., "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Patch", RFC 6902,
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Apr. 2013, pp. 1-18. cited
by applicant .
Martin et al., "On Muting Mobile Terminals for Uplink Interference
Mitigation in HetNeTs-System-level Analysis via Stochastic
Geometry", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and
Networking, Apr. 2019, pp. 1-28. cited by applicant .
"LTE to 5G: Cellular and Broadband Innovation", Mobile Broadband
Transformation, Rysavy Research/5G Americas, Aug. 2017, pp. 1-214.
cited by applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Musa; Abdelnabi O
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Nokia Technologies Oy
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a user equipment,
instructions from a network node, the instructions are received in
a recurring pattern indicating the user equipment is prevented from
signaling over at least one particular time slot of at least one
uplink connection, wherein the user equipment has an uplink
connection with a source node for a handover and has an uplink
connection with a target node for the handover, and wherein the
recurring pattern comprises time or frequency duplex patterns with
mutually exclusive uplinks for the source node and the target node;
and based on the instructions, preventing by the user equipment the
signaling over the at least one particular time slot of the at
least one uplink connection.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the instructions indicating the
user equipment is prevented from signaling over at least one
particular time slot of at least one uplink connection comprises
preventing the user equipment from sending more than one uplink
signal in one time slot.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment is
communicating with at least two network nodes using time division
duplex patterns defined for the user equipment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the recurring pattern comprises a
pair of time division duplex patterns with mutually exclusive
uplinks for the source node and the target node.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment is
communicating with at least two network nodes using frequency
division duplex patterns defined for the user equipment.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the recurring pattern comprises a
pair of frequency division duplex patterns with mutually exclusive
muting patterns for the source node and the target node.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise
additional physical resources associated with recurring patterns
defined for the user equipment which are not prevented from sending
uplink signals to enable the user equipment to at least map
acknowledgement information for hybrid automatic repeat request
related feedback information at a later stage than expected.
8. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least
one memory including computer program code, where the at least one
memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at
least one processor, to cause the apparatus to at least: receive
instructions from a network node, the instructions are received in
a recurring pattern indicating the apparatus is prevented from
signaling over at least one particular time slot of at least one
uplink connection, wherein the apparatus has an uplink connection
with a source node for a handover and has an uplink connection with
a target node for the handover, and wherein the recurring pattern
comprises time or frequency duplex patterns with mutually exclusive
uplinks for the source node and the target node; and based on the
instructions, prevent the signaling over the at least one
particular time slot of the at least one uplink connection.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions indicating
the apparatus is prevented from signaling over at least one
particular time slot of at least one uplink connection comprises
preventing the apparatus from sending more than one uplink signal
in one time slot.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is
communicating with at least two network nodes using time division
duplex patterns defined for the apparatus.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the recurring pattern
comprises a pair of time division duplex patterns with mutually
exclusive uplinks for the source node and the target node.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is
communicating with at least two network nodes using frequency
division duplex patterns defined for the apparatus.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the recurring pattern
comprises a pair of mutually exclusive muting patterns for the
source node and the target node.
14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the recurring pattern
comprises at least two time division duplex patterns with mutually
exclusive uplinks for at least two simultaneous uplink
connections.
15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the recurring pattern
comprises at least two frequency division duplex patterns with
mutually exclusive uplinks for at least two simultaneous uplink
connections.
16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions further
comprise additional physical resources associated with recurring
patterns defined for the apparatus which are not prevented from
sending uplink signals to enable the apparatus to at least map
acknowledgement information for hybrid automatic repeat request
related feedback information at a later stage than expected.
17. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least
one memory including computer program code, where the at least one
memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at
least one processor, to cause the apparatus to at least: determine
that a communication sent from a user equipment comprising
signaling over continuous time slots of at least one uplink
connection would cause a problem intermodulation with the
communication; and based on the determining, send instructions
towards the user equipment, the instructions are sent in a
recurring pattern indicating the user equipment is prevented from
signaling over at least one particular time slot of at least one
uplink connection, and wherein the recurring pattern comprises time
or frequency duplex patterns with mutually exclusive uplinks for a
source node and a target node during handover.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions indicating
the user equipment is prevented from signaling over at least one
particular time slot of at least one uplink connection comprises
preventing the user equipment from sending more than one uplink
signal in one time slot.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The teachings in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this
invention relate generally to instructing a user equipment to not
transmit an uplink signal that is determined to cause a problem
with communications from the user equipment and, more specifically,
relate to blanking or muting specific uplink time slots defined for
a user equipment to cause the user equipment to not transmit the
uplink signal on the specific uplink time slots to overcome the
problem.
BACKGROUND
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the
invention that is recited in the claims. The description herein may
include concepts that could be pursued, but are not necessarily
ones that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore,
unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described in this
section is not prior art to the description and claims in this
application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in
this section.
Certain abbreviations that may be found in the description and/or
in the Figures are herewith defined as follows:
eCoMP Enhanced Cooperative Multi-Point
eICIC Enhanced Intercell Interference Coordination
eNB evolved NB (=LTE base station)
EN-DC EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
gNB next generation eNB (=NR base station)
LTE Long Term Evolution
MeNB master eNB
NR New Radio (=5G)
NWN Network Node
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
RF Radio Frequency
SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
SeNB secondary eNB
SUO Single Uplink Operation
TDD Time Division Duplex
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
UE User Equipment (=terminal)
Carrier Aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC) were introduced
in 3GPP to allow a UE to simultaneously transmit and receive data
on multiple component carriers via a single eNB or from two cell
groups via a master eNB (MeNB) and secondary eNB (SeNB). Dual
Connectivity and Carrier Aggregation enhancements include new radio
(NR) enhancements such as to support asynchronous and synchronous
NR Dual Connectivity, low latency cell configuration, and setup for
NR operations.
Example embodiments of the invention work to improve such carrier
aggregation, dual connectivity operations and dual connected
handover, in particular for LTE and NR.
SUMMARY
Various aspects of examples of the invention are set out in the
claims.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method
comprising: receiving, by a user equipment, instructions based on a
determination that a communication sent from the user equipment to
at least one network comprising signaling to at least one network
node over continuous time slots of at least one uplink connection
would cause a problem with the communication; and based on the
instructions, preventing by the user equipment the signaling over
at least one particular time slot of the at least one uplink
connection to overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are
received in a recurring pattern indicating the at least one
particular time slot.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an apparatus
comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory
including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory
and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one
processor, to cause the apparatus to at least: receive instructions
based on a determination that a communication sent from the
apparatus to at least one network comprising signaling to at least
one network node over continuous timeslots of at least one uplink
connection would cause a problem with the communication; and based
on the instructions, prevent the signaling over at least one
particular time slot of the at least one uplink connection to
overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are received in a
recurring pattern indicating the at least one particular
timeslot.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, A
non-transitory computer storage medium encoded with a computer
program, the program comprising instructions that when executed by
one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform
operations comprising: receiving, by a user equipment, instructions
based on a determination that a communication sent from the user
equipment to at least one network comprising signaling to at least
one network node over continuous time slots of at least one uplink
connection would cause a problem with the communication; and based
on the instructions, preventing by the user equipment the signaling
over at least one particular time slot of the at least one uplink
connection to overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are
received in a recurring pattern indicating the at least one
particular time slot.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method
comprising: determining, by a network node, that a communication
sent from a user equipment to at least one network comprising
signaling over continuous timeslots of at least one uplink
connection would cause a problem with the communication; and based
on the determining, sending towards the user equipment instructions
preventing the user equipment from sending the signaling over at
least one particular time slot of the at least one uplink
connection to overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are
sent in a recurring pattern indicating the at least one particular
timeslot.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an apparatus
comprising: determine that a communication sent from a user
equipment comprising signaling over continuous timeslots of at
least one uplink connection would cause a problem with the
communication; and based on the determining, send towards the user
equipment instructions preventing the user equipment from sending
the signaling over at least one particular time slot of the at
least one uplink connection to overcome the problem, wherein the
instructions are sent in a recurring pattern indicating the at
least one particular timeslot.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various
embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully
apparent from the following detailed description with reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which like reference signs are used
to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are
illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the
embodiments of the disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to
scale, in which:
FIG. 1A shows Time Division Duplex patterns in LTE;
FIG. 1B shows EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity with single uplink
operation;
FIG. 2 shows a high level block diagram of various devices used in
carrying out various aspects of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows Dual Handover with single uplink operation; and
FIG. 4 shows Table 2 of Pairs of Time Division Duplex patterns with
mutual exclusive uplink subframes;
FIG. 5 shows Table 3 of Patterns of LTE;
FIG. 6 shows Table 1 of Uplink Muting Patterns;
FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and FIG. 7C each show communication operations in
accordance with example embodiments of the invention; and
FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B each show a method which may be performed by an
apparatus in accordance with example embodiments of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In accordance with example embodiments of the invention, there is
proposed a method and apparatus to instruct a network device such
as a user equipment to blank specific uplink time slots to prevent
uplink signals from being transmitted on the specific uplink time
slots determined to cause a problem for communications from the
network device.
Example embodiments of this invention addresses a cellular and
mobile communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or
new radio (NR). There are multiple methods proposed and also
specified, where a UE simultaneously connects to multiple cells
transmitting multiple uplink signals simultaneously. The example
embodiments of the invention address LTE, but NR and other mobile
communication system may also be covered.
Concrete examples for simultaneous uplinks are: Carrier Aggregation
(Rel11 LTE, Rel15 NR): the UE simultaneously transmits uplinks
signals on multiple carriers to the same eNB/gNB; Dual Connectivity
(Release 12 LTE, Rel15 EN-DC): the UE transmits multiple uplink
signals on multiple carriers to two different eNBs/gNBs; Dual
Connected handover (Release 16 LTE, Rel16 NR): there are at the
time of this application two Release 16 work items for mobility
enhancements, one for LTE and one for NR. One of the key targets is
to reduce the handover interruption time to zero milliseconds (in
NR), or at least as close as possible to 0 ms. This can only be
achieved by setting up the target cell before detaching from the
source cell. Hence, for a short time, the UE will be simultaneously
connected to both, source and target cell.
Those examples have been specified (or are planned to be specified)
since they may provide significant benefits in terms of throughput,
interruption and/or robustness.
For many of those methods it is likely that two transmitter chains
are needed in the terminal. However, even with two individual
transmitter chains, RF impairments might be created, in particular
intermodulation products. Due to the extremely small size of the
terminals, there will be a lot of undesired coupling of signals.
For instance, the two transmitted signals will superimpose and
create intermodulation, even though they are not connected by
intention. Similarly, these intermodulation products may couple
accidentally into receivers inside the same terminal. If the
frequency of the intermodulation products (which is typically a
linear combination of the frequencies of the involved SC-FDMA/OFDMA
signals) coincide with the frequency of a signal that shall be
received by the terminal, then it is likely that this signal cannot
be detected. The UE DL reception will thereby be disturbed by the
RF impairments.
There are cases, where the RF impairments are not critical, e.g.
when the intermodulation products do not coincide with a frequency
where other signals have to be received. However, there are also
cases where the RF impairments are critical (for instance where the
RF impairments create intermodulation products on the transmitted
signal, thereby potentially causing the UE not to be able to fulfil
the spectrum emission requirements in the frequency domain). Then,
simultaneous uplink transmissions have to be avoided. The typical
assumption is that the involved uplinks apply time division
multiplex (TDM) patterns such that only one uplink can transmit at
a time, and all the other uplinks are blanked.
The same has to be done, if those multiple connections shall be
possible even for UEs which only have a single uplink transmit
chain. This would be desirable to provide the benefits of multiple
connections also to low cost terminals. Note, that at least this
would require complete blanking of all but one uplink, since the
single transmit chain can be used for only one uplink at a time.
For RF impairments, we may argue that a second uplink with much
less power may mitigate the RF impairments.
Whereas blanking the uplink data channel, e.g. the Physical Uplink
Shared Channel (PUSCH) in LTE and NR can obviously be achieved by
not scheduling the uplink, blanking the PUCCH is more challenging.
This is for at least the reasons that: The UE has to send HARQ
feedback for downlink transmissions. For LTE, the timing of the
HARQ feedback is fixed by a coupling of the uplink transmission
timing for the HARQ-ACK to the subframe index that the PDSCH was
received in. This cannot dynamically be influenced by the network;
and The UE can also transmit autonomously, e.g. scheduling
requests. These transmissions can also not be influenced by the
network, as the configuration of SR is following periodic
parameters from the RRC configuration.
Hence, the proposed methods are not seen to be sufficient to
achieve complete uplink blanking (including PUCCH).
Example embodiments of the invention work to address at least these
shortfalls. Below further issues with prior art proposals are
discussed.
Time Division Duplex (TDD) Patterns
One proposed solution to these problems is for TDD. In a proposed
solution for TDD the uplink has to be fully blanked to allow for
downlink reception. To this end, the standard has defined TDD
patterns which clarify for the UE that it is not allowed to send
any signal, i.e. even no PUCCH. The TDD patterns are signalled to
the UE. Table 1 of FIG. 1A lists the TDD patterns as specified in
36.212 for LTE. "D" indicated subframes used for downlink, "U"
indicated subframes used for uplink, and "S" indicates "special
subframes" which usually contain a guard period for switching from
downlink to uplink, as well as some uplink and/or downlink
components.
While prohibiting uplink transmission is seen to be relatively
trivial, 3GPP also had to clarify how to deal with the missing HARQ
feedback. Without a 3GPP clarification, the base station could have
either predictively skipped downlink transmissions in subframes
which would require HARQ feedback in the blanked uplink subframes,
or the base station could have accepted that HARQ feedback is lost
(which may also happen in channel fades) and waited for the next
HARQ cycle. Both would have obviously been dirty solutions which
would have led to performance degradation. Hence, 3GPP has provided
a proper solution for TDD by re-designing the HARQ timing for every
TDD pattern, clarifying which uplinks carry the HARQ feedback for a
specific downlink subframe (which breaks the original regular HARQ
timing).
Scheduling request can be simply postponed to the next uplink time
frame.
Single Uplink Operation (SUO) for EN-DC
FIG. 1B illustrates the SUO for EN-DC. As shown in FIG. 1B the UE
10 is dual-connected to a LTE Master eNB 12 and to a NR Secondary
gNB 13, using a configuration 16 based on different frequency bands
that is predefined for the UE 10. It was identified, that for
certain band combinations, that simultaneous uplinks would create
intermodulation products at a frequency which coincides with the
frequency used for downlink reception of the LTE carrier.
Furthermore, some UE vendors wanted to allow for implementations of
EN-DC with a single transmitter chain.
In order to avoid the effort for re-designing the HARQ timing (see
the explanation above), 3GPP has abused the TDD patterns for which
the problem was already solved. In contrast to actual TDD, downlink
transmissions are allowed continuously (i.e. also in uplink
subframes), but uplink transmissions are restricted to the uplink
subframes. So, the LTE eNB sends the TDD pattern to the UE such
that the UE transmissions spare out the "D" (and "S") subframes
which then can be used for the NR uplink.
On the NR side, the HARQ timing is more flexible and the uplinks
can be completely blanked by appropriate scheduling. The
coordination of the uplink patterns is done via X2 during the
procedure to add the Secondary gNB.
It needs to be emphasized that the SUO solution has only addressed
FDD.
Dual Connected Handover for FDD
Similar TDM solutions might be proposed for the dual connected
handover. This is discussed for LTE at the time of this
application, where both involved cells have to provide a solution
for the HARQ timing (in EN-DC it was only the LTE-MeNB).
Coordination of the patterns can be done via X2 during the
initiation of the handover, similar to EN-DC.
FIG. 3 illustrates what SUO for a dual connected handover in LTE
may look like. As shown in FIG. 3 the UE 10 applies #1
configuration 120 towards the source (S) and the UE 10 applies
inverse #1 configuration 130 towards the Target (T) eNB 13. The
general notion of dual connected handover is that the UE sets up
the target cell (typically on the same carrier) before detaching
from the source. For example both connections can exist in parallel
for a while. Since typically, non-ideal backhaul is assumed, there
is no inherent coordination of the source and target cell's
schedulers. Uplink transmission can for instance be organized such
that e.g. subframe 1,2,5,6,7,10 are sent to the target cell, and
subframe 3,4,8,9 are sent to the source cell.
Again, it is possible in principle to abuse the existing TDD
patterns, by using an offset to shift the TDD patterns of source
and target cell against each other. Three possible solution pairs
are given in Table 2 of FIG. 4. All rows are shifted versions from
the basic patterns in Table 1 of FIG. 1A. In the pair 410, the pair
415 and the pair 420 of FIG. 4 it is observed that uplinks do not
coincide. The offset is already specified in the EN-DC/SUO
specification at the time of this application.
Dual Connected Handover for TDD
Unfortunately, a similar trick (abusing existing 3GPP patterns)
cannot be applied for TDD. For TDD we have the additional
constraint that a UE cannot receive the downlink when any uplink is
transmitted (recall that the involved cells are on the same
carrier). This implies that source and target cell must use the
same TDD pattern without any offset. With the solution pairs 410,
415, and 420 in Table 2 of FIG. 4, most of the downlink
transmissions would be killed by a parallel uplink
transmission.
Hence, coordinated blanking of the uplinks in TDD cannot be done
with signalling at the time of this application.
Other Existing Blanking Mechanisms
For the sake of completeness, we will list other existing blanking
mechanisms and explain why those are not usable: eICIC and eCoMP:
with both methods we can blank individual PRBs, or whole subframes.
However, these apply only to the downlink, they do not cover the
uplink. Furthermore, the target is interference coordination on the
data channel (PDSCH), they do not address control channels. For
instance, reference symbols are still transmitted in the downlink
and that is why eICIC calls the muted subframes "almost blanked
subframes." Recall that entirely blanked subframes can be needed;
and MBMS subframes: indeed, these subframes are blanked entirely,
but again only on the downlink. They do not address uplink with the
specific problems.
In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is
proposed a method where the network instructs a UE to completely
blank specific uplink timeslots of a certain connection, i.e. the
UE is not allowed to transmit any signal during specific timeslots
of a certain connection. In general, the UL blanking would be
applied to a dedicated UL connection from a UE to a specific base
station or cell. This can be signalled from a base station to the
UE via a recurring muting pattern which indicates the timeslots
which have to be blanked. Alternatively, existing TDD patterns can
be extended appropriately as disclosed herein.
Before describing the example embodiments of the invention in
detail, reference is made to FIG. 2 for illustrating a simplified
block diagram of various electronic devices that are suitable for
use in practicing the example embodiments of this invention.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting
exemplary system in which the example embodiments of the invention
may be practiced. In FIG. 2, a user equipment (UE) 10 is in
wireless communication with a wireless network 1. A UE is a
wireless, typically mobile device that can access a wireless
network. The UE 10 includes one or more processors DP 10A, one or
more memories MEM 10B, and one or more transceivers TRANS 10D
interconnected through one or more buses. Each of the one or more
transceivers TRANS 10D includes a receiver and a transmitter. The
one or more buses may be address, data, or control buses, and may
include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on
a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical
communication equipment, and the like. The one or more transceivers
TRANS 10D are connected to one or more antennas for communication
11 and 14 to gNB 12 and gNB 14, respectively. The one or more
memories MEM 10B include computer program code PROG 10C. The UE 10
communicates with gNB 12 and/or gNB 13 via a wireless link 111.
The gNB 12 (NR/5G Node B or possibly an evolved NB) is a base
station such as a master or secondary node base station (e.g., for
NR or LTE long term evolution) that communicates with devices such
as gNB 13 and UE 10 of FIG. 2. The gNB 12 provides access to
wireless devices such as the UE 10 to the wireless network 1. The
gNB 12 includes one or more processors DP 12A, one or more memories
MEM 12B, and one or more transceivers TRANS 12D interconnected
through one or more buses. In accordance with the example
embodiments these TRANS 12D can include X2 and/or Xn interfaces for
use to perform the example embodiments of the invention. Each of
the one or more transceivers TRANS 12D includes a receiver and a
transmitter. The one or more transceivers TRANS 12D are connected
to one or more antennas for communication over at least link 11
with the UE 10. The one or more memories 12B and the computer
program code PROG 12C are configured to cause, with the one or more
processors DP 12A, the gNB 12 to perform one or more of the
operations as described herein. The gNB 12 may communicate with
another gNB or eNB, such as the gNB 13. Further, the link 11 and or
any other link may be wired or wireless or both and may implement,
e.g., an X2 or Xn interface. Further the link 11 may be through
other network devices such as, but not limited to an NCE/MME/SGW
device such as the NCE 14 of FIG. 2.
The gNB 13 (NR/5G Node B or possibly an evolved NB) is abase
station such as a master or secondary node base station (e.g., for
NR or LTE long term evolution) that communicates with devices such
as the gNB 12 and/or UE 10 and/or the wireless network 1. The gNB
13 includes one or more processors DP 13A, one or more memories MEM
13B, one or more network interfaces, and one or more transceivers
TRANS 12D interconnected through one or more buses. In accordance
with the example embodiments these network interfaces of gNB 13 can
include X2 and/or Xn interfaces for use to perform the example
embodiments of the invention. Each of the one or more transceivers
TRANS 13D includes a receiver and a transmitter connected to one or
more antennas. The one or more memories MEM 13B include computer
program code PROG 13C. For instance, the one or more memories MEM
13B and the computer program code PROG 13C are configured to cause,
with the one or more processors DP 13A, the gNB 13 to perform one
or more of the operations as described herein. The gNB 13 may
communicate with another gNB and/or eNB such as the gNB 12 and the
UE 10 or any other device using, e.g., link 11 or another link.
These links maybe wired or wireless or both and may implement,
e.g., an X2 or Xn interface. Further, as stated above the link 11
may be through other network devices such as, but not limited to an
NCE/MME/SGW device such as the NCE 14 of FIG. 2.
The one or more buses of the device of FIG. 2 may be address, data,
or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism,
such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit,
fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, wireless
channels, and the like. For example, the one or more transceivers
TRANS 12D, TRANS 13D and/or TRANS 10D may be implemented as a
remote radio head (RRH), with the other elements of the gNB 12
being physically in a different location from the RRH, and the one
or more buses 157 could be implemented in part as fiber optic cable
to connect the other elements of the gNB 12 to a RRH.
It is noted that although FIG. 2 shows network nodes e.g. base
stations as a gNB 12 and a gNB 13, these devices can incorporate an
eNodeB or eNB such as for LTE, and would still be configurable to
perform example embodiments of the invention.
Also it is noted that description herein indicates that "cells"
perform functions, but it should be clear that the gNB that forms
the cell will perform the functions. The cell makes up part of a
gNB. That is, there can be multiple cells per gNB.
The wireless network 1 may include a network control element (NCE)
14 that may include MME (Mobility Management Entity)/SGW (Serving
Gateway) functionality, and which provides connectivity with a
further network, such as a telephone network and/or a data
communications network (e.g., the Internet). The gNB 12 and the gNB
13 are coupled via a link 13 and/or link 14 to the NCE 14.
The NCE 14 includes one or more processors DP 14A, one or more
memories MEM 14B, and one or more network interfaces (N/W I/F(s)),
interconnected through one or more buses coupled with the link 13
and/or 14. In accordance with the example embodiments these network
interfaces can include X2 and/or Xn interfaces for use to perform
the example embodiments of the invention. The one or more memories
MEM 14B include computer program code PROG 14C. The one or more
memories MEM 14B and the computer program code PROG 14C are
configured to, with the one or more processors DP 14A, cause the
NCE 14 to perform one or more operations which may be needed to
support the operations in accordance with the example embodiments
of the invention.
The wireless Network 1 may implement network virtualization, which
is the process of combining hardware and software network resources
and network functionality into a single, software-based
administrative entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization
involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource
virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either
external, combining many networks, or parts of networks, into a
virtual unit, or internal, providing network-like functionality to
software containers on a single system. Note that the virtualized
entities that result from the network virtualization are still
implemented, at some level, using hardware such as processors DP10,
DP12A, DP13A, and/or DP14A and memories MEM 10B, MEM 12B, MEM 13B,
and/or MEM 14B, and also such virtualized entities create technical
effects.
The computer readable memories MEM 12B, MEM 13B, and MEM 14B may be
of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be
implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as
semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory
devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed
memory and removable memory. The computer readable memories MEM
12B, MEM 13B, and MEM 14B may be means for performing storage
functions. The processors DP10, DP12A, DP13A, and DP14A may be of
any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may
include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose
computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and
processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as
non-limiting examples. The processors DP10, DP12A, DP13A, and DP14A
may be means for performing functions, such as controlling the UE
10, gNB 12, gNB 13, and other functions as described herein.
In general, the various embodiments of the user equipment 10 can
include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart
phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless
communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless
communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital
cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices
having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and
playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities,
Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and
browsing, tablets with wireless communication capabilities, as well
as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of
such functions.
One main application of this proposal is a case with multiple
connections. Such a case where the network instructs the UE to
completely blank a specific uplink timeslot of a first connection,
but the UE can still use the timeslot for the uplink of a second
connection.
It will be advantageous to revise the HARQ timing for this case in
a way, that control information which are usually expected in the
blanked timeslots, are postponed and transmitted (and expected) in
one of the next possible uplink occasion. This has to be well-known
to both network (e.g. eNB) and UE.
Solution with Extended TDD Patterns
One main driver for this invention is the case of dual connected
handover in LTE TDD, as described above. So, the most intuitive
solution is to extend the existing TDD table which was shown in
Table 1 of FIG. 1A. In FIG. 5 two examples 510 and 520 are shown in
the TDD table of FIG. 5.
For the example configuration 0a and 0b of FIG. 5, there is derived
a pair of TDD patterns 510 with mutually exclusive uplinks from
original configuration 0. "B" indicates that this subframe is
blanked, i.e. neither used by uplink nor by downlink. If the source
cell uses 0a, and the target cell uses 0b, the uplinks will never
be used at the same time, RF impairments are avoided and an
implementation with single uplink chain is possible in
principle.
The TDD patterns example 520 of FIG. 5 follows exactly the same
principle. Configurations 1a and 1b are derived from original
configuration 1. In this example, the UE has more time to switch
the uplink from one (source) connection to the other (target)
connection. In case the source and target connection are not fully
synchronous, this may have significant advantages, since otherwise
a guard interval might be needed. In the green example (0a/0b), the
uplink of one connection follow the uplink of the other connection
without any time for switching. This may create massive problems
with a single transmitter chain implementation.
As already mentioned above, it would be advantageous to clarify the
HARQ timing, otherwise the missing HARQ feedback would lead to
inefficiencies. For the TDD patterns it has already been clarified
which uplink subframes carry the HARQ feedback for which downlink
subframes. With additionally blanked uplink subframes, this design
has to be revisited e.g. in a way where the HARQ feedback expected
in the blanked subframes is transmitted in one of the next possible
uplink occasions.
Solution with Muting Patterns
In case of FDD, as described above the existing TDD patterns can be
abused. For the sake of completeness, we would like to give a
simple example how muting patterns could be used alternatively (if
more flexibility is needed). An intuitive choice is to re-use the
principles of the muting patterns which have been defined for
eICIC. Recall, that eICIC was only for downlink, it was not
referring to full muting, and "mutually exclusive" was not a design
criteria. So direct reuse is not possible.
Whereas the muting patterns in eICIC can be freely defined
(signalled as a bit string of 40 bit, where "1" indicates "almost
blank subframes"), we have to concretely specify the patterns for
our purpose in order to clarify the HARQ timing. Table 4 of FIG. 6
provides three examples for tuples 610, 620, and 630 of mutually
exclusive muting patterns with 20 subframes (with the 20 subframes
being used as a non-limiting example). In FIG. 6 a "U" indicates a
regular uplink, whereas an "M" indicates a completely muted
subframe, where the UE is not allowed to transmit to a given
cell.
The first consists of a pair of mutually exclusive muting patterns,
one for a source cell and one for a target cell. The pattern
minimizes uplink interruptions, each connection can use every
second subframe. The second example is a better solution when the
switching between the uplinks should create problems (e.g. if the
uplinks are asynchronous). Switching happens only every 5.sup.th
subframe, furthermore a "guard subframe" (in grey) is inserted
where both cells are muting, to allow for a more relaxed switching.
The third example consists of three muting patterns for the case
where 3 cells are involved, i.e. if the UE has 3 simultaneous
connections.
Note that examples embodiments in accordance with the invention can
also easily be extended to 3 simultaneous connections, although
they have been explained for only 2 (which is currently the most
relevant case).
If/when a UE is configured with a set of muted UL subframes, there
are multiple potential solutions that may address the HARQ-ACK
signalling "overflow". One approach is to target "bundling",
meaning that the HARQ-ACK feedback is simply aggregated into a
single codebook through logical AND operation, meaning that in case
one of the muted UL subframes would have to carry a NACK, the final
transmitted value would be NACK, causing all impacted/reported DL
subframes would be marked as erroneously received.
In one embodiment of the invention the UE would be configured with
additional physical resources for the non-muted subframes, where it
would be able to directly map the generated HARQ-ACK information,
such that the eNB would be receiving HARQ related feedback
information at a later stage than expected. This would potentially
create delay impacts to the HARQ cycle, and UE throughput would be
reduced. However, a degradation should be expected from introducing
complete blanking into a system that is operating with a tight
coupling of the HARQ timing.
FIG. 7A shows communication in accordance with example embodiments
of the invention between network node NWN1 712 and UE 710 using
instructions with a recurring pattern 720. NWN1 712 determines that
a communication sent from a user equipment 710 to the network node
NWN1 712 comprising signaling over continuous timeslots of one
uplink connection would cause a problem with the communication, and
sends instructions 720 preventing the UE 710 from sending the
signaling over at least one particular time slot to overcome the
problem, wherein the instructions 720 are sent in a recurring
pattern.
FIG. 7B shows communication in accordance with example embodiments
of the invention between NWN1 12, NWN2 13 and UE 10 in dual
connected mode. The UE 10 of FIG. 7B is performing an uplink
transmission uplink1 to NWN1 12 using instructions with a recurring
pattern1 740 from NWN1 12, and performing an uplink transmission
uplink2 to NWN2 13 using instructions from NWN2 13 with a recurring
pattern2 750 from NWN2 13. As shown in FIG. 7B the UE 10 is using a
single UL RF. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B the NWN1 12 and the NWN2
13 are coordinating the instructions over the X2 745 before sending
the instructions recurring pattern 1 and/or 2 to the UE 10. The
coordination results in recurring patterns 1 740 and recurring
patterns 2 750 such that the single UL RF 10a can serve both
uplinks, i.e. the UE always blanks one uplink when the other has to
transmit.
FIG. 7C shows communication in accordance with example embodiments
of the invention between NWN1 12, NWN2 13 and UE 10 in dual
connected mode. The UE 10 of FIG. 7B is performing an uplink1 to
NWN1 12 using instructions with a recurring pattern1 760 from NWN1
12, and performing an uplink2 to NWN2 13 using instructions from
NWN2 13 with a recurring pattern2 770 from NWN2 13. The
instructions with a recurring pattern1 760 and 770 are configured
to avoid the interference 780 (e.g. intermodulation) towards the
receiver Rx 10x which may receive signals from NWN3 18 as shown in
FIG. 7C. NWN3 18 may coincide with NWN1 12 or NWN2 13, or it may be
another node, e.g. from a different radio access technology. As
shown in FIG. 7C the UE 10 is using ULR1 10a (frequency part 1)
and/or ULF2 10b (frequency part 2) for RF communication with NWN1
12 and is using a ULF2 10b (frequency part 2) and/or ULR1 10a
(frequency part 1) for RF communication with NWN2 13. Also as shown
in FIG. 7B the NWN1 12 and the NWN2 13 coordinate the instructions
over the X2 745 before sending the instructions to the UE 10.
FIG. 8A illustrates operations which may be performed by a network
node such as, but not limited to, a network node gNB 12 as in FIG.
2 or an eNB. As shown in step 810 of FIG. 8A there is determining,
by a network node, that a communication sent from a user equipment
to at least one network node comprising signaling over continuous
timeslots of at least one uplink connection would cause a problem
with the communication. Then as shown in step 820 of FIG. 8A there
is based on the determining, sending towards the user equipment
instructions preventing the user equipment from sending the
signaling over at least one particular time slot of the at least
one uplink connection to overcome the problem, wherein the
instructions are sent in a recurring pattern indicating the at
least one particular timeslot.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraph above, wherein the communication from the user equipment
is sent to at least two network nodes using multi-connectivity, and
wherein the instructions are preventing the user equipment from
sending more than one uplink signal in one time slot.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein one of the at least two network nodes is
a source node for a handover, and at least one other of the at
least two network nodes is a target node for the handover.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the communication from the user equipment
is sent to the at least two network nodes using time division
duplex patterns defined for the user equipment.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions are based on an
enhancement of the time division duplex patterns defined for the
user equipment such that at least one subframe defined as uplink
subframe is prevented from both uplink and downlink
transmissions.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions are coordinated between
the at least two network nodes using an X2 interface before sending
the instructions to the user equipment.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the problem comprises a radio frequency
impairment such that the user equipment is unable to receive
another signal when sending the at least one uplink signaling to
the at least one network node.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the problem comprises user equipment
implementation with only one radio frequency part, such that the
user equipment is not able to send more than one uplink signaling
to one network node at the same time.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions comprise additional
physical resources associated with recurring patterns defined for
the user equipment which are not prevented from sending uplink
signals to enable the user equipment to at least map
acknowledgement information for hybrid automatic repeat request
related feedback information at a later stage than expected.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium (MEM 12B and/or MEM 13B
as in FIG. 2) storing program code (PROG 12C and/or PROG 13C as in
FIG. 2), the program code executed by at least one processor (DP
12A and/or DP 13A as in FIG. 2) to perform the operations as at
least described in the paragraphs above.
In accordance with an example embodiment of the invention as
described above there is an apparatus comprising: means for
determining (MEM 12B and/or MEM 13B, including PROG 12C and/or PROG
13C executed by DP 12A and/or DP 13A as in FIG. 2), by a network
node (gNB 12 or gNB 13 as in FIG. 2), that a communication sent
from a user equipment (UE 10 as in FIG. 2) to at least one network
node comprising signaling over continuous timeslots of at least one
uplink connection would cause a problem with the communication.
Then means, based on the determining, for sending (MEM 12B and/or
MEM 13B, including PROG 12C and/or PROG 13C executed by DP 12A
and/or DP 13A as in FIG. 2) towards the user equipment instructions
preventing the user equipment from sending the signaling over at
least one particular time slot of the at least one uplink
connection to overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are
sent in a recurring pattern indicating the at least one particular
timeslot.
In the example aspect of the invention according to the paragraph
above, wherein at least the means for determining and sending
comprises a non-transitory computer readable medium [MEM 12B and/or
MEM 13B as in FIG. 2] encoded with a computer program [PROG 12C
and/or PROG 13C as in FIG. 2] executable by at least one processor
[DP 12A and/or DP 13A as in FIG. 2].
FIG. 8B illustrates operations which may be performed by a device
such as, but not limited to, a device (e.g., the UE 10 as in FIG.
2). As shown in step 850 of FIG. 8B there is receiving, by a user
equipment, instructions based on a determination that a
communication sent from the user equipment to at least one network
comprising signaling to at least one network node over continuous
timeslots of at least one uplink connection would cause a problem
with the communication. Then as shown in step 860 of FIG. 8B there
is, based on the instructions, preventing by the user equipment the
signaling over at least one particular time slot of the at least
one uplink connection to overcome the problem, wherein the
instructions are received in a recurring pattern indicating the at
least one particular timeslot.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraph above, wherein the communication from the user equipment
is sent to at least two network nodes using multi-connectivity, and
wherein the instructions are preventing the user equipment from
sending more than one uplink signal in one time slot.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein one of the at least two network nodes is
a source node for a handover, and at least one other of the at
least two network nodes is a target node for the handover.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the communication from the user equipment
is sent to the at least two network nodes using time division
duplex patterns defined for the user equipment.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions are based on an
enhancement of the time division duplex patterns defined for the
user equipment such that at least one subframe defined as uplink
subframe is prevented from both uplink and downlink
transmissions.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions are coordinated between
the at least two network nodes using an X2 interface before the
instructions are received by the user equipment.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the problem comprises a radio frequency
impairment such that the user equipment is unable to receive
another signal when sending the at least one uplink signaling to
the at least one network node.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the problem comprises user equipment
implementation with only one radio frequency part, such that the
user equipment is not able to send more than one uplink signaling
to one network node at the same time.
In accordance with the example embodiments as described in the
paragraphs above, wherein the instructions comprise additional
physical resources associated with recurring patterns defined for
the user equipment which are not prevented from sending uplink
signals to enable the user equipment to at least map
acknowledgement information for hybrid automatic repeat request
related feedback information at a later stage than expected.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium (MEM 10B as in FIG. 2)
storing program code (PROG 10C as in FIG. 2), the program code
executed by at least one processor (DP 10A as in FIG. 2) to perform
the operations as at least described in the paragraphs above.
In accordance with an example embodiment of the invention as
described above there is an apparatus comprising: means for
receiving (MEM 10B, including PROG 10C executed by DP 10A as in
FIG. 2), by a user equipment (UE 10 as in FIG. 2), instructions
based on a determination that a communication sent from the user
equipment to at least one network comprising signaling (MEM 10B,
including PROG 10C executed by DP 10A as in FIG. 2) to at least one
network node (gNB 12 and/or gNB 13 as in FIG. 2) over continuous
timeslots of at least one uplink connection would cause a problem
with the communication. Then means, based on the instructions, for
preventing (MEM 10B, including PROG 10C executed by DP 10A as in
FIG. 2) by the user equipment the signaling over at least one
particular time slot of the at least one uplink connection to
overcome the problem, wherein the instructions are received in a
recurring pattern indicating the at least one particular
timeslot.
In the example aspect of the invention according to the paragraph
above, wherein at least the means for receiving and preventing
comprises a non-transitory computer readable medium [MEM 10B as in
FIG. 2] encoded with a computer program [PROG 10C as in FIG. 2]
executable by at least one processor [DP 10A as in FIG. 2].
In general, the various embodiments may be implemented in hardware
or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination
thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware,
while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software
which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other
computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto.
While various aspects of the invention may be illustrated and
described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other
pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks,
apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be
implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software,
firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose
hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some
combination thereof.
Embodiments of the inventions may be practiced in various
components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of
integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process.
Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a
logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be
etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.
The word "exemplary" is may be used herein is to mean "serving as
an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described
herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as
preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. All of the
embodiments described in this Detailed Description are exemplary
embodiments provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make
or use the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention
which is defined by the claims.
The foregoing description has provided by way of exemplary and
non-limiting examples a full and informative description of the
best method and apparatus presently contemplated by the inventors
for carrying out the invention. However, various modifications and
adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant
arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However,
all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this
invention will still fall within the scope of this invention.
It should be noted that the terms "connected," "coupled," or any
variant thereof, mean any connection or coupling, either direct or
indirect, between two or more elements, and may encompass the
presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements
that are "connected" or "coupled" together. The coupling or
connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a
combination thereof. As employed herein two elements may be
considered to be "connected" or "coupled" together by the use of
one or more wires, cables and/or printed electrical connections, as
well as by the use of electromagnetic energy, such as
electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency
region, the microwave region and the optical (both visible and
invisible) region, as several non-limiting and non-exhaustive
examples.
Furthermore, some of the features of the preferred embodiments of
this invention could be used to advantage without the corresponding
use of other features. As such, the foregoing description should be
considered as merely illustrative of the principles of the
invention, and not in limitation thereof.
* * * * *