U.S. patent number 11,221,575 [Application Number 17/011,586] was granted by the patent office on 2022-01-11 for image forming apparatus including a plurality of heat generating elements.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Canon Kabushiki Kaisha. The grantee listed for this patent is CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Invention is credited to Kazuhiro Doda, Ken Nakagawa, Yutaka Sato, Kohei Wakatsu, Tsuguhiro Yoshida.
United States Patent |
11,221,575 |
Yoshida , et al. |
January 11, 2022 |
Image forming apparatus including a plurality of heat generating
elements
Abstract
An image forming apparatus includes a fixing device having a
heater that includes a first heating element, a second heating
element having a length smaller than the first heating element
length, and a third heating element having a length smaller than
the second heating element length. The image forming apparatus
further includes a first temperature detection unit, a control
unit, second temperature detection units, first and second
sheet-width detection units, and a determination unit. The control
unit controls a heater temperature based on the first temperature
detection unit detection result. The determination unit determines
a width of the recording material based on a detection result of
the first sheet-width detection units, a detection result of the
second sheet-width detection units, and a detection result of the
second temperature detection units.
Inventors: |
Yoshida; Tsuguhiro (Yokohama,
JP), Wakatsu; Kohei (Kawasaki, JP), Doda;
Kazuhiro (Yokohama, JP), Sato; Yutaka (Komae,
JP), Nakagawa; Ken (Yokohama, JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
Tokyo |
N/A |
JP |
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Assignee: |
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
74851114 |
Appl.
No.: |
17/011,586 |
Filed: |
September 3, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20210072683 A1 |
Mar 11, 2021 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 6, 2019 [JP] |
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JP2019-162955 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/205 (20130101); G03G 15/2021 (20130101); G03G
15/2064 (20130101); G03G 15/2053 (20130101); G03G
15/2042 (20130101); G03G 2215/00329 (20130101); G03G
2215/2035 (20130101); G03G 2215/00772 (20130101); G03G
2215/00679 (20130101); G03G 2215/00734 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/20 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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2000162919 |
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Jun 2000 |
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JP |
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2006215143 |
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Aug 2006 |
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JP |
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2016170283 |
|
Sep 2016 |
|
JP |
|
2018063316 |
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Apr 2018 |
|
JP |
|
Primary Examiner: Lee; Susan S
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Canon U.S.A., Inc. I.P.
Division
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An image forming apparatus comprising: a fixing device including
a heater that includes a first heat generating element, a second
heat generating element having a length smaller than a length of
the first heat generating element in a longitudinal direction, and
a third heat generating element having a length smaller than the
length of the second heat generating element in the longitudinal
direction; a temperature detection unit provided at a position
corresponding to an end of the third heat generating element; a
first sheet-width detection unit, which is provided upstream of the
fixing device in a conveyance direction of a recording material,
and which is provided at a position corresponding to an end of the
first heat generating element; a second sheet-width detection unit,
which is provided upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance
direction, and which is provided at a position corresponding to an
end of the second heat generating element; and a control unit
configured to control a ratio of power to be supplied to the first
heat generating element, the second heat generating element, and
the third heat generating element based on a detection result of
the first sheet-width detection unit, a detection result of the
second sheet-width detection unit, and a detection result of the
temperature detection unit.
2. An image forming apparatus comprising: a fixing device including
a heater that includes a first heat generating element, a second
heat generating element having a length smaller than a length of
the first heat generating element in a longitudinal direction, and
a third heat generating element having a length smaller than the
length of the second heat generating element in the longitudinal
direction; a first temperature detection unit provided at a
position corresponding to a center of the first heat generating
element in the longitudinal direction; a control unit configured to
control a temperature of the heater based on a detection result of
the first temperature detection unit; a pair of second temperature
detection units provided at positions corresponding to both ends of
the third heat generating element; a pair of first sheet-width
detection units, which are provided upstream of the fixing device
in a conveyance direction of a recording material, and which are
provided at positions corresponding to both ends of the first heat
generating element; a pair of second sheet-width detection units,
which are provided upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance
direction, and which are provided at positions corresponding to
both ends of the second heat generating element; and a
determination unit configured to determine a width of the recording
material based on a detection result of the pair of first
sheet-width detection units, a detection result of the pair of
second sheet-width detection units, and a detection result of the
pair of second temperature detection units.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
determination unit is configured to determine the recording
material width based on a difference between a temperature detected
by the first temperature detection unit and a temperature detected
by the pair of second temperature detection units when the
recording material reaches the fixing device.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
pair of first sheet-width detection units and the pair of second
sheet-width detection units are provided substantially at the same
position in the conveyance direction.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, further
comprising a designation unit configured to designate the recording
material and designate a size of the recording material, wherein
the control unit is configured to control to set a ratio of power
to be supplied to the first heat generating element, the second
heat generating element, and the third heat generating element
based on the designated recording material size and the determined
recording material width, and to control the heater based on the
set power ratio.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width and the
designated recording material size match each other and the
recording material width is smaller than an interval of the pair of
first sheet-width detection units in the longitudinal direction and
is larger than an interval of the pair of second sheet-width
detection units in the longitudinal direction, the control unit
controls to set the power ratio in accordance with the designated
recording material size.
7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width is smaller
than the designated recording material size and the recording
material width is determined to be is smaller than an interval of
the pair of second sheet-width detection units in the longitudinal
direction, the control unit controls the heater by setting the
power ratio in accordance with the recording material having the
width that is smaller than the interval of the pair of second
sheet-width detection units in the longitudinal direction and is
larger than an interval of the pair of second temperature detection
units in the longitudinal direction, and then, changes the power
ratio to a ratio in accordance with the determined recording
material width based on the detection result of the pair of second
temperature detection units.
8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width is smaller
than the designated recording material size and the recording
material width is smaller than an interval in the longitudinal
direction of the pair of first sheet-width detection units and is
larger than the interval of the pair of second temperature
detection units in the longitudinal direction, the control unit
controls to decrease a conveyance speed of the recording material
irrespective of the recording material width.
9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, further
comprising: a pair of third temperature detection units provided at
the positions corresponding to both ends of the first heat
generating element; a pair of fourth temperature detection units
provided at the positions corresponding to both ends of the second
heat generating element; and a pair of third sheet-width detection
units, which are provided upstream of the fixing device in the
conveyance direction, and which are provided at positions
corresponding to the second heat generating element.
10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the
pair of third sheet-width detection units are provided
substantially at the same position in the conveyance direction as
positions of the pair of first sheet-width detection units and the
pair of second sheet-width detection units.
11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width and the
designated recording material size match each other and the
recording material width is smaller than an interval of the pair of
first sheet-width detection units in the longitudinal direction and
is larger than an interval of the pair of third sheet-width
detection units in the longitudinal direction, the control unit
controls to set the power ratio in accordance with the detection
result of the pair of second temperature detection units.
12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width is smaller
than the designated recording material size and the recording
material width is smaller than an interval of the pair of first
sheet-width detection units in the longitudinal direction and is
larger than an interval of the pair of third sheet-width detection
units in the longitudinal direction, the control unit controls to
set the power ratio in accordance with a detection result of the
pair of third temperature detection units or a detection result of
the pair of fourth temperature detection units.
13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in a
case in which the determination unit determines that the recording
material width is smaller than an interval of the pair of second
temperature detection units in the longitudinal direction, the
control unit controls to decrease a conveyance speed of the
recording material in accordance with the detection result of the
pair of second temperature detection units.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, in a
case in which the determined recording material width is larger
than the designated recording material size, the control unit
controls to set a ratio of power to be supplied to a heat
generating element having a width, larger than a width of the
designated recording material and in the longitudinal direction, to
be larger than a ratio of power to be supplied to a heat generating
element used for the designated recording material.
15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, in a
case where a temperature detected by the first temperature
detection unit is less than a predetermined temperature when
continuous printing is started, the control unit controls to
perform fixing processing on a predetermined number of recording
materials using the first heat generating element, irrespective of
the recording material width.
16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
heater includes an elongated substrate on which the first heat
generating element, the second heat generating element, and the
third heat generating element are arranged, wherein the first heat
generating element is arranged on one end portion of the elongated
substrate in a widthwise direction orthogonal to both a
longitudinal direction of the elongated substrate and a thickness
direction of the elongated substrate, wherein the heater further
includes a fourth heat generating element arranged on another end
portion of the elongated substrate in the widthwise direction of
the elongated substrate so that the fourth heat generating element
is symmetrical to the first heat generating element, and wherein
the second heat generating element and the third heat generating
element are arranged between the first heat generating element and
the fourth heat generating element in the widthwise direction of
the elongated substrate.
17. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the
second heat generating element and the third heat generating
element are arranged to be symmetric to each other in the widthwise
direction of the elongated substrate.
18. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16, further
comprising: a fourth contact to which one end portion of the first
heat generating element and one end portion of the fourth heat
generating element are electrically connected; a second contact to
which another end portion of the first heat generating element,
another end portion of the fourth heat generating element, and
another end portion of the second heat generating element are
electrically connected; a third contact to which one end portion of
the second heat generating element and one end portion of the third
heat generating element are electrically connected; and a first
contact to which another end portion of the third heat generating
element is electrically connected.
19. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, further
comprising: a first rotary member to be heated by the heater; and a
second rotary member configured to form a nip portion together with
the first rotary member, wherein the first rotary member includes a
film.
20. The image forming apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the
heater is provided to be in contact with an inner surface of the
film, and wherein the nip portion is formed by sandwiching the film
between the heater and the second rotary member.
21. An image forming apparatus comprising: a fixing device
including a heater that includes a first heat generating element, a
second heat generating element having a length smaller than a
length of the first heat generating element in a longitudinal
direction, and a third heat generating element having a length
smaller than the length of the second heat generating element in
the longitudinal direction; a pair of second temperature detecyion
units provided at positions corresponding to both end of the third
heat generating element; a pair of first sheet-width detection
units, which are provided upstream of the fixing device in a
conveyance direction of a recording material, and which are
provided at positions corresponding to both ends of the first heat
generating element; a pair of second sheet-width detection units,
which are provided upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance
direction, and which are provided at positions corresponding to
both ends of the second heat generating element; and a control unit
configured to control a ratio of power to be supplied to the first
heat generating element, the second heat generating element, and
the third heat generating element based on a detection result of
the pair of first sheet-width detection units, a detection result
of the pair of second sheet-width detection units, and a detection
result of the pair of second temperature detection units.
22. An image forming apparatus comprising: a fixing device
including a heater that includes a first heat generating element, a
second heat generating element having a length smaller than a
length of the first heat generating element in a longitudinal
direction, and a third heat generating element having a length
smaller than the length of the second heat generating element in
the longitudinal direction; a first temperature detection unit
provided at a position corresponding to a center of the first heat
generating element in the longitudinal direction; a control unit
configured to control a temperature of the heater based on a
detection result of the first temperature detection unit; a second
temperature detection unit provided at a position corresponding to
an end of the third heat generating element; a first sheet-width
detection unit, which is provided upstream of the fixing device in
a conveyance direction of a recording material, and which is
provided at a position corresponding to an end of the first heat
generating element; a second sheet-width detection unit, which is
provided upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance direction,
and which is provided at a position corresponding to an end of the
second heat generating element; and a determination unit configured
to determine a width of the recording material based on a detection
result of the first sheet-width detection unit, a detection result
of the second sheet- width detection unit, and a detection result
of the second temperature detection unit.
23. The image forming apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the
determination unit is configured to determine the recording
material width based on a difference between a temperature detected
by the first temperature detection unit and a temperature detected
by the second temperature detection unit when the recording
material reaches the fixing device.
24. The image forming apparatus according to claim 22, further
comprising a designation unit configured to designate the recording
material and designate a size of the recording material, wherein
the control unit is configured to control to set a ratio of power
to be supplied to the first heat generating element, the second
heat generating element, and the third heat generating element
based on the designated recording material size and the determined
recording material width, and to control the heater based on the
set power ratio.
25. The image forming apparatus according to claim 22, further
comprising: a third temperature detection unit provided at the
position corresponding to the end of the first heat generating
element; a fourth temperature detection unit provided at the
position corresponding to the end of the second heat generating
element; and a third sheet-width detection unit, which is provided
upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance direction, and
which is provided at a position corresponding to the second heat
generating element.
26. The image forming apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the
heater includes an elongated substrate on which the first heat
generating element, the second heat generating element, and the
third heat generating element are arranged, wherein the first heat
generating element is arranged on one end portion of the elongated
substrate in a widthwise direction orthogonal to both a
longitudinal direction of the elongated substrate and a thickness
direction of the elongated substrate, wherein the heater further
includes a fourth heat generating element arranged on another end
portion of the elongated substrate in the widthwise direction of
the elongated substrate so that the fourth heat generating element
is symmetrical to the first heat generating element, and wherein
the second heat generating element and the third heat generating
element are arranged between the first heat generating element and
the fourth heat generating element in the widthwise direction of
the elongated substrate.
Description
BACKGROUND
Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates to an image forming apparatus
employing electrophotography, for example, a copying machine or a
printer.
Description of the Related Art
When sheets each having a width smaller than that of a heater are
subjected to continuous printing in a fixing device, there occurs a
phenomenon called a "non-sheet passing portion temperature rise",
in which the temperature of the fixing device is gradually
increased in a region in a longitudinal direction of the fixing
device through which the sheets do not pass. When the non-sheet
passing portion temperature rise becomes conspicuous, components of
the fixing device, such as a film and a pressure roller, may be
damaged in some cases. In order to prevent the non-sheet passing
portion temperature rise, there has been proposed a configuration
in which a plurality of heat generating elements having different
lengths are provided, and a heat generating element is selected in
accordance with the sheet width of each sheet, to thereby reduce
the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise. For example, in
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-162919, there is
disclosed a configuration including a plurality of heat generating
elements having different lengths, a first sheet-width sensor, and
a second sheet-width sensor. There is also disclosed a
configuration in which an appropriate heat generating element and
throughput (printed number of sheets per unit time) are selected
based on detection results of the first sheet-width sensor and the
second sheet-width sensor.
However, in the related-art system, temperature unevenness may
occur in the longitudinal direction of the fixing device. For
example, when there occurs "sheet size mismatch", in which the
sheet width of a sheet designated by a user is different from the
actual detection results of the sheet-width sensors, an appropriate
heat generating element is not selected, and thus, shortage of
supply of heat (power) may occur in an end portion of the sheet in
some cases.
SUMMARY
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an image forming
apparatus includes a fixing device including a heater that includes
a first heat generating element, a second heat generating element
having a length smaller than a length of the first heat generating
element in a longitudinal direction, and a third heat generating
element having a length smaller than the length of the second heat
generating element in the longitudinal direction, a first
temperature detection unit provided at a position corresponding to
a center of the first heat generating element in the longitudinal
direction, a control unit configured to control a temperature of
the heater based on a detection result of the first temperature
detection unit, a pair of second temperature detection units
provided at positions corresponding to both ends of the third heat
generating element, a pair of first sheet-width detection units,
which are provided upstream of the fixing device in a conveyance
direction of a recording material, and which are provided at
positions corresponding to both ends of the first heat generating
element, a pair of second sheet-width detection units, which are
provided upstream of the fixing device in the conveyance direction,
and which are provided at positions corresponding to both ends of
the second heat generating element, and a determination unit
configured to determine a width of the recording material based on
a detection result of the pair of first sheet-width detection
units, a detection result of the pair of second sheet-width
detection units, and a detection result of the pair of second
temperature detection units.
Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become
apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments
with reference to the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus
according to Embodiments 1 and 2.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the image forming apparatus of
Embodiments 1 and 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a fixing device in
Embodiments 1 and 2.
FIG. 4A is a schematic view of a heater in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 4B is a schematic sectional view of the heater in Embodiment
1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a power control circuit of the fixing
device in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view for illustrating a positional
relationship in a longitudinal direction between sheet-width
sensors and heat generating elements in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating control processing of the
fixing device in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 8 is a graph for showing a printing speed (number of sheets)
of each sheet type in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view for illustrating a positional
relationship in a longitudinal direction between sheet-width
sensors and heat generating elements in Embodiment 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with
reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, running a
recording sheet through a fixing nip portion is referred to as
"passing a sheet". An area in which a heat generating element
generates heat and through which a recording sheet does not pass is
referred to as "non-sheet passing area" (or "non-sheet passing
portion"). An area in which a heat generating element generates
heat and through which a recording sheet passes is referred to as
"sheet passing area" (or "sheet passing portion"). A phenomenon in
which the temperature in the non-sheet passing area rises higher
than the temperature in the sheet passing area is referred to as
"temperature rise in a non-sheet passing portion".
Embodiment 1
[Image Forming Apparatus]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an in-line color-image forming
apparatus 170, which is an example of an image forming apparatus
with a fixing device installed therein according to Embodiment 1.
The operation of the color-image forming apparatus 170 as an
electrophotographic apparatus is described with reference to FIG.
1. A first station is a station for forming a yellow (Y) color
toner image, and a second station is a station for forming a
magenta (M) color toner image. A third station is a station for
forming a cyan (C) color toner image, and a fourth station is a
station for forming a black (K) color toner image.
At the first station, a photosensitive drum 1a, which is an image
bearing member, is an organic photoconductor (OPC) photosensitive
drum. The photosensitive drum 1a is a metal cylinder on which a
plurality of layers of functional organic materials are laminated.
The plurality of layers include a carrier generation layer, which
generates electric charges by photosensitivity, a charge transport
layer, through which the generated electric charges are
transported, and others, and the outermost layer of the plurality
of layers is so low in electrical conductance that the outermost
layer is substantially insulating. A charging roller 2a, which is a
charging unit, is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum
1a, and follows the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1a to
rotate and uniformly charge a surface of the photosensitive drum 1a
during the rotation. A voltage on which a DC voltage or an AC
voltage is superposed is applied to the charging roller 2a, and the
resultant electric discharge occurring in minute air gaps on the
upstream side and the downstream side in the direction of the
rotation from a nip portion between the charging roller 2a and the
surface of the photosensitive drum 1a charges the photosensitive
drum 1a. A cleaning unit 3a is a unit configured to clean toner
remaining on the photosensitive drum 1a after transfer, which is
described later. A developing unit 8a, which is a unit configured
to develop an image, includes a developing roller 4a, a
non-magnetic one-component toner 5a, and a developer application
blade 7a. The photosensitive drum 1a, the charging roller 2a, the
cleaning unit 3a, and the developing unit 8a are in an integrated
process cartridge 9a, which can freely be attached to and detached
from the image forming apparatus 170 without meaningful
restriction.
An exposure device 11a, which is an exposure unit, includes a
scanner unit using a polygonal mirror to scan laser light, or a
light emitting diode (LED) array, and radiates a scanning beam 12a,
which is modulated based on an image signal, on the photosensitive
drum 1a. The charging roller 2a is connected to a charging
high-voltage power source 20a, which is a unit configured to supply
a voltage to the charging roller 2a. The developing roller 4a is
connected to a development high-voltage power source 21a, which is
a unit configured to supply a voltage to the developing roller 4a.
A primary transfer roller 10a is connected to a primary transfer
high-voltage power source 22a, which is a unit configured to supply
a voltage to the primary transfer roller 10a. This concludes the
description on the configuration of the first station, and the
second, third, and fourth stations have the same configuration as
that of the first station. In the other stations, parts having the
same functions as those of the parts in the first station are
denoted by the same reference symbols, with one of suffixes "b",
"c", and "d" attached to the reference symbols for each station.
The suffixes "a", "b", "c", and "d" are omitted in the following
description, except for when a specific station is described.
An intermediate transfer belt 13 is supported by three rollers: a
secondary transfer counter roller 15, a tension roller 14, and an
auxiliary roller 19, which serve as tension members for the
intermediate transfer belt 13. A force from a spring is applied to
the tension roller 14 alone in a direction that causes the
intermediate transfer belt 13 to stretch, so that an appropriate
tensional force is maintained in the intermediate transfer belt 13.
The secondary transfer counter roller 15 is rotationally driven by
a main motor (not shown) to rotate, which causes the intermediate
transfer belt 13 wound around the outer circumference of the
secondary transfer counter roller 15 to turn. The intermediate
transfer belt 13 moves in a forward direction (for example, the
clockwise direction in FIG. 1) in relation to the photosensitive
drums 1a to 1d (rotating, for example, in the counterclockwise
direction in FIG. 1) at substantially the same speed. The
intermediate transfer belt 13 also rotates in the direction of the
arrow (the clockwise direction), and the primary transfer roller 10
placed on the opposite side from the photosensitive drum 1 across
the intermediate transfer belt 13 follows the movement of the
intermediate transfer belt 13 to rotate. A position at which the
photosensitive drum 1 and the primary transfer roller 10 come into
contact with each other with the intermediate transfer belt 13
interposed therebetween is referred to as "primary transfer
position". The auxiliary roller 19, the tension roller 14, and the
secondary transfer counter roller 15 are electrically grounded. The
primary transfer rollers 10b to 10d in the second to fourth
stations have the same configuration as that of the primary
transfer roller 10a in the first station, and description thereof
is therefore omitted.
Image forming operation of the image forming apparatus 170
according to Embodiment 1 is described next. The image forming
apparatus 170 starts image forming operation when receiving a print
command in a standby state. The main motor (not shown) causes the
photosensitive drums 1, the intermediate transfer belt 13, and
others to start rotating in the directions of the arrows at a
predetermined process speed. The photosensitive drum 1a is
uniformly charged by the charging roller 2a, to which a voltage has
been applied by the charging high-voltage power source 20a, and an
electrostatic latent image based on image information is
subsequently formed with the scanning beam 12a radiated from the
exposure device 11a. The toner 5a inside the developing unit 8a is
charged to have a negative polarity by the developer application
blade 7a, and then applied to the developing roller 4a. A
predetermined development voltage is supplied to the developing
roller 4a from the development high-voltage power source 21a. With
the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1a, the electrostatic
latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1a reaches the
developing roller 4a, at which the negative toner adheres to the
electrostatic latent image, to thereby turn the electrostatic
latent image into a visible toner image that is formed in the first
color (for example, yellow (Y)) on the photosensitive drum 1a. The
same operation is executed at the stations (the process cartridges
9b to 9d) of the other colors (magenta (M), cyan (C), and black
(K)) as well. An electrostatic latent image is formed on each of
the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d by exposure, with a write signal
from a controller (not shown) delayed at fixed timing that is based
on the distance between the primary transfer position of one color
and the primary transfer position of another color. A DC high
voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner is applied
to each of the primary transfer rollers 10a to 10d. Through the
steps described above, toner images are sequentially transferred to
the intermediate transfer belt 13 (hereinafter referred to as
"primary transfer") to form a multiple toner image on the
intermediate transfer belt 13.
Thereafter, a sheet P, which is one of recording materials stacked
in a feed cassette 16, is conveyed along a conveyance path Y with
the progress of the forming of toner images. Specifically, the
sheet P is fed (picked up) by a sheet feeding roller 17, which is
rotationally driven by a sheet feeding solenoid (not shown). In
this case, depending on the case in which the sheet P passes
through (cuts through) a plurality of sheet-width sensors 31
serving as sheet-width detection units or the case in which the
sheet P does not pass through (does not cut through) the
sheet-width sensors 31, ON/OFF signals of the sheet-width sensors
31 are output to a CPU 94 described later. The CPU 94 is configured
to determine a sheet width of the sheet P based on detection
results of the sheet-width sensors 31. In this case, the sheet
width refers to a length in a direction substantially orthogonal to
a conveyance direction of the sheet P, that is, a length in a
longitudinal direction of a heat generating element 54b described
later. The sheet-width sensor 31 is described later in detail.
The fed sheet P is conveyed by a conveying roller to registration
rollers 18. The sheet P is conveyed by the registration rollers 18
to a transfer nip portion at which the intermediate transfer belt
13 and the secondary transfer roller 25 come into contact with each
other, in synchronization with the toner image on the intermediate
transfer belt 13. A voltage having a polarity opposite to that of
the toner is applied to the secondary transfer roller 25 by the
secondary transfer high-voltage power source 26 to transfer the
multiple toner image borne on the intermediate transfer belt 13,
which is a stack of toner images each having one of four colors, at
once onto the sheet P (a recording material) (hereinafter referred
to as "secondary transfer"). The members that have participated up
through the forming of an unfixed toner image on the sheet P (for
example, the photosensitive drums 1) function as an image forming
unit. The toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 13
after the secondary transfer is finished is cleaned off by the
cleaning unit 27. The sheet P after the completion of the secondary
transfer is conveyed to a fixing device 50, which is a fixing unit,
and once the toner image is fixed, is discharged as an image-formed
product (a print or a copy) to a discharge tray 30. A film 51, nip
forming member 52, pressure roller 53, and heater 54 of the fixing
device 50 are described later.
[Block Diagram of Image Forming Apparatus]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram for illustrating the operation of the
image forming apparatus 170. Printing operation of the image
forming apparatus 170 is described with reference to FIG. 2. A PC
110 serving as a host computer has the role of outputting a print
command to a video controller 91, which is located inside the image
forming apparatus 170, and transferring image data of a print image
to the video controller 91. In this case, a size of image data
(hereinafter referred to as "image size") is determined in
accordance with a sheet size designated by the PC 110 serving a
designation unit (hereinafter referred to as "designated sheet
size"). A sheet size input from an input portion (not shown)
included in the image forming apparatus 170 may be set as the
designated sheet size, and in this case, the input portion
corresponds to the designation unit. In Embodiment 1, an image size
is obtained by subtracting a total of both sheet end margins of 10
mm (each sheet end margin: 5 mm) from the designated sheet
size.
The video controller 91 is configured to convert the image data
input from the PC 110 into exposure data, and transfer the exposure
data to an exposure controller 93 located inside the engine
controller 92. The exposure controller 93 is controlled by a CPU 94
to control the on/off of the exposure data and the exposure device
11. The size of the exposure data is determined by the image size.
The CPU 94, which is a control unit, starts an image forming
sequence when receiving the print command.
An engine controller 92 in which a CPU 94, a memory 95, and others
are installed is configured to execute pre-programmed operation. A
high-voltage power source 96 includes the charging high-voltage
power source 20, development high-voltage power source 21, primary
transfer high-voltage power source 22, and secondary transfer
high-voltage power source 26 described above. In addition, a power
controller 97 is formed of, for example, a bidirectional thyristor
(hereinafter referred to as "triac") 56, and a heat generating
element switcher 57, which serves as a switching unit configured to
exclusively select a heat generating element to which power is to
be supplied. The power controller 97 is configured to select a heat
generating element that generates heat in the fixing device 50, and
determine the amount of power to be supplied. A driving device 98
includes a main motor 99, a fixing motor 100, and others. A sensor
101 includes fixing temperature sensors 59, 60, and 61, which are
configured to detect the temperature of the fixing device 50, the
sheet-width sensor 31, which is configured to detect the width of
the sheet P, and others. Detection results of the sensor 101 are
transmitted to the CPU 94. The CPU 94 obtains the detection results
of the sensor 101 in the image forming apparatus 170 to control the
exposure device 11, the high-voltage power source 96, the power
controller 97, and the driving device 98. The CPU 94 thus controls
an image forming step in which the forming of an electrostatic
latent image, the transfer of a developed toner image, and the
fixing of the toner image to the sheet P are executed to print
exposure data as a toner image on the sheet P. An image forming
apparatus to which Embodiment 1 is applied is not limited to the
image forming apparatus 170 that has the configuration illustrated
in FIG. 1, and can be any image forming apparatus as long as
printing on sheets P of varying widths is executable and the image
forming apparatus includes the fixing device 50 that includes the
heater 54 described later.
[Fixing Device]
A configuration of the fixing device 50 in Embodiment 1 is
described next with reference to FIG. 3. The longitudinal direction
is a rotation axis direction of the pressure roller 53 described
later, which is substantially orthogonal to the conveyance
direction of the sheet P. The length of the sheet P in the
direction (the longitudinal direction) substantially orthogonal to
the conveyance direction is referred to as "width". FIG. 3 is a
schematic sectional view of the fixing device 50. FIG. 4A is a
schematic view of the heater 54, FIG. 4B is a schematic sectional
view of the heater 54, and FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of
the power controller 97 of the heater 54 of the fixing device 50.
FIG. 4B is a sectional view of the heater 54 taken along a center
line of heat generating elements 54b1a, 54b1b, 54b2 and 54b3 in the
longitudinal direction, which is a center line (the dot-dash line
"a" in FIG. 4A) of the sheet P conveyed to the fixing device 50 in
the longitudinal direction. In the following description, the line
"a" is referred to as "reference line "a".
The sheet P holding an unfixed toner image Tn is conveyed from the
left hand side toward the right hand side in FIG. 3, and is heated
in a fixing nip portion N during the conveyance, to thereby fix the
toner image Tn on the sheet P. The fixing device 50 in Embodiment 1
includes the film 51 shaped into a tube, the nip forming member 52
configured to hold the film 51, the pressure roller 53, which forms
the fixing nip portion N together with the film 51, and the heater
54 for heating the sheet P.
The film 51, which is a first rotary member, is a fixing film
serving as a heating rotary member. In Embodiment 1, the film 51
has a base layer made of, for example, polyimide. On the base
layer, an elastic layer is made of silicone rubber and a release
layer is made of perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin (PFA). The inner
surface of the film 51 is coated with grease in order to reduce a
frictional force generated between the nip forming member 52, the
heater 54, and the film 51 by the rotation of the film 51.
The nip forming member 52 plays the role of guiding the film 51
from the inside and forming the fixing nip portion N between the
nip forming member 52 and the pressure roller 53 via the film 51.
The nip forming member 52 is a member that has rigidity, heat
resistance, and heat insulation, and is formed of liquid crystal
polymer or the like. The film 51 is fit to the exterior of the nip
forming member 52. The pressure roller 53, which is a second rotary
member, is a roller serving as a pressurizing rotary member. The
pressure roller 53 includes a metal core 53a, an elastic layer 53b,
and a release layer 53c. The pressure roller 53 is rotatably held
at both ends, and is rotationally driven by the fixing motor 100
(see FIG. 2). The film 51 follows the rotation of the pressure
roller 53 to rotate. The heater 54, which is a heating member, is
held by the nip forming member 52 so as to be in contact with the
inner surface of the film 51. A substrate 54a, the heat generating
elements 54b1a (54b1), 54b1b (54b1), 54b2, and 54b3, a protection
glass layer 54e, and the fixing temperature sensors 59, 60, and 61
are described later.
(Heater)
The heater 54 is described in detail with reference to FIG. 4A. The
heater 54 is formed of a substrate 54a, the heat generating element
54b1a being a first heat generating element, the heat generating
element 54b1b being a fourth heat generating element, the heat
generating element 54b2 being a second heat generating element, the
heat generating element 54b3 being a third heat generating element,
a conductor 54c, contacts 54d1 to 54d4, and the protection glass
layer 54e. In the following, the heat generating elements 54b1a,
54b1b, 54b2, and 54b3 may be collectively referred to as "heat
generating elements 54b". Moreover, the heat generating elements
54b1a and 54b1b having substantially the same length in the
longitudinal direction may be collectively referred to as "heat
generating elements 54b1". The substrate 54a is made of alumina
(Al.sub.2O.sub.3) being ceramics. Materials of the ceramic
substrate may include, for example, alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3),
aluminum nitride (AlN), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2), and silicon carbide
(SiC). Among those materials, alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) is low in
price and can industrially be obtained with ease. Moreover, a metal
which is excellent in strength may be used for the substrate 54a,
and stainless steel (SUS) is excellent in price and strength and
thus is suitably used for a metal substrate. In a case in which any
of a ceramic substrate and a metal substrate is used as the
substrate 54a, and the substrate has conductivity, it is required
that the substrate be used with an insulating layer provided
thereto. The heat generating elements 54b1a, 54b1b, 54b2, and 54b3,
the conductor 54c, and the contacts 54d1 to 54d4 are formed on the
substrate 54a. Further, the protection glass layer 54e is formed
thereon to secure insulation between the heat generating elements
54b1a, 54b1b, 54b2, and 54b3 and a film 51.
The heat generating elements 54b are different in length
(hereinafter also referred to as "size") in the longitudinal
direction. The heat generating elements 54b1a and 54b1b each have a
length of L1=222 mm, which is a first length, in the longitudinal
direction. The heat generating element 54b2 has a length of L2=188
mm, which is a second length, in the longitudinal direction. The
heat generating element 54b3 has a length of L3=154 mm, which is a
third length, in the longitudinal direction. The lengths L1, L2,
and L3 have a relationship of L1>L2>L3.
Moreover, the largest sheet width (hereinafter referred to as
"maximum sheet width") C in a sheet P which can be used in the
image forming apparatus 170 according to Embodiment 1 is 216 mm,
and the smallest sheet width (hereinafter referred to as "minimum
sheet width") is 76 mm. Thus, the first length L1 is set to such a
length that an image size (206 mm) having the maximum sheet width
(216 mm) C can be fixed by the heat generating elements 54b1. The
heat generating elements 54b1 are electrically connected to the
contact 54d2 being a second contact and the contact 54d4 being a
fourth contact via the conductor 54c, and the heat generating
element 54b2 is electrically connected to the contacts 54d2 and
54d3 via the conductor 54c. The heat generating element 54b3 is
electrically connected to the contact 54d1 being a first contact
and the contact 54d3 being a third contact via the conductor 54c.
Here, the heat generating element 54b1a and the heat generating
element 54b1b have the same lengths and can be always used
substantially at the same time. The heat generating element 54b1a
is provided at one end portion in a widthwise direction of the
substrate 54a, and the heat generating element 54b1b is provided at
another end portion in the widthwise direction of the substrate
54a. The heat generating elements 54b2 and 54b3 are provided
between the heat generating element 54b1a and the heat generating
element 54b2b in the widthwise direction of the substrate 54a in
such a manner as to be symmetrical with respect to a center in the
widthwise direction.
Each of the fixing temperature sensors 59, 60, and 61 is a
thermistor. A configuration of the fixing temperature sensor 59 is
described with reference to FIG. 4B as a representative
configuration of the fixing temperature sensors. The fixing
temperature sensor 59 being a first temperature detection unit is
formed of a main thermistor element 59a, a holder 59b, a ceramic
paper 59c, and an insulation resin sheet 59d. The ceramic paper 59c
has a role of hindering heat conduction between the holder 59b and
the main thermistor element 59a. The insulation resin sheet 59d has
a role of physically and electrically protecting the main
thermistor element 59a. The main thermistor element 59a is a
temperature detecting unit having an output value that is changed
in accordance with the temperature of the heater 54, and is
connected to the CPU 94 through a Dumet wire (not shown) and
wiring. The main thermistor element 59a detects the temperature of
the heater 54 and outputs a detection result to the CPU 94.
The fixing temperature sensor 59 is located on a surface opposite
to the protection glass layer 54e over the substrate 54a. Further,
the fixing temperature sensor 59 is installed in contact with the
substrate 54a at a position on the reference line "a" (position
corresponding to the center) in the longitudinal direction of the
heat generating element 54b. The CPU 94 is configured to control
the temperature at the time of fixing processing based on the
detection result of the fixing temperature sensor 59. The above is
the description as to the configuration of the fixing temperature
sensor 59 being a main thermistor. The configuration of each of the
fixing temperature sensors 60 and 61 serving as a pair of second
temperature detection units that function as sub-thermistors is the
same as that of the fixing temperature sensor 59, and the
arrangement position of each of the fixing temperature sensors 60
and 61 in the longitudinal direction is different from that of the
fixing temperature sensor 59. Now, the fixing temperature sensor 59
is referred to as "main thermistor 59," and the fixing temperature
sensors 60 and 61 are referred to as "sub-thermistors 60 and 61".
In addition, the sub-thermistors 60 and 61 are sometimes referred
to as "sub-thermistor pair 60 and 61".
[Arrangement of Thermistor]
In FIG. 4A, the broken lines indicate that the main thermistor 59
and the sub-thermistors 60 and 61 are arranged on a back surface of
the substrate 54a, and indicate positions at which the main
thermistor 59 and the sub-thermistors 60 and 61 come into contact
with the substrate 54a. The CPU 94 is configured to perform
temperature control of the heater 54 based on the detection result
of the main thermistor 59. The main thermistor 59 is arranged on
the reference line "a", which is a center line in the longitudinal
direction of the heat generating elements 54b1, 54b2, and 54b3, and
which is a center line of the sheet P conveyed to the fixing device
50. Sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a of the sub-thermistors 60
and 61 serve as the temperature detection units and as the
sheet-width detection units corresponding to the heat generating
element 54b3, which is a heat generating element having a minimum
width. The sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a are arranged so as
to be bilaterally symmetrical to each other with respect to the
reference line "a". In other words, the sub-thermistor elements 60a
and 61a are arranged at positions corresponding to both ends of the
heat generating element 54b3. An interval (distance) S3 between the
sub-thermistor element 60a and the sub-thermistor element 61a is
142 mm, and L3>S3 is satisfied.
The sheet-width detection of the sheet P by the sub-thermistor
elements 60a and 61a is performed based on a change in temperature
detected when the sheet P passes through the fixing nip portion N.
Specifically, the CPU 94 serving as a determination unit is
configured to determine the sheet width of the sheet P based on a
temperature difference between the temperature detected by the main
thermistor element 59a and the temperatures detected by the
sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a when the sheet P passes through
the fixing nip portion N. For example, when the temperature
detected immediately after the sheet P reaches the fixing nip
portion N of the fixing device 50 is higher by 10.degree. C. or
more than the temperature detected by the main thermistor element
59a, the CPU 94 determines the sheet width as follows. In this
case, the CPU 94 determines that the sheet P has not passed through
the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a, to thereby determine that
the sheet width of the sheet P is smaller than S3. When the sheet P
has not passed through the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a, the
sub-thermistor 60 is denoted by OFF, and the sub-thermistor 61 is
denoted by OFF as in a sensor output. When the sheet P has passed
through the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a, the sub-thermistor
60 is denoted by ON, and the sub-thermistor 61 is denoted by ON.
The CPU 94 is configured to determine timing at which the sheet P
has reached the fixing nip portion N based on the timing at which a
leading edge of the sheet P has passed through the sheet-width
sensors 31 and a process speed (conveyance speed).
[Power Control Unit]
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a power control circuit for the
heater 54 and power controller 97 of the fixing device 50. The
power control circuit of the fixing device 50 includes the heat
generating elements 54b1, 54b2 and 54b3, the AC power source 55,
the triac 56, and the heat generating element switcher 57. Contacts
54d1 to 54d4 are connected to heat generating element switchers 57
each configured to switch a power supply path. The heat generating
element switcher 57 switches the heat generating element 54b that
generates heat by switching between power supply paths. The switch
from one power supply path to another is therefore also expressed
as the switch between the heat generating elements 54b. In
Embodiment 1, the heat generating element switcher 57 specifically
corresponds to electromagnetic relays 57a and 57b that have a
transfer contact configuration. The triac 56 is a triac that
supplies power or cuts power supply to the heat generating elements
54b1, 54b2, and 54b3 from the AC power source 55 by turning
conductive or non-conductive. The CPU 94 calculates, based on
temperature information informed by the main thermistor element
59a, power required to bring the heater 54 to a predetermined
temperature (target temperature required for fixing), and instructs
the triac 56 to turn conductive or non-conductive.
The electromagnetic relay 57a includes a contact 57a1 connected to
a first pole of the AC power source 55 through the triac 56, a
contact 57a2 connected to the contact 54d4, and a contact 57a3
connected to the contact 54d3. Through control of the engine
controller 92, the electromagnetic relay 57a is brought into any
one of a state in which the contact 57a1 and the contact 57a2 are
connected to each other, and a state in which the contact 57a1 and
the contact 57a3 are connected to each other. The electromagnetic
relay 57b includes a contact 57b1 connected to a second pole of the
AC power source 55, a contact 57b2 connected to the contact 54d2,
and a contact 57b3 connected to the contact 54d1. Through control
of the engine controller 92, the electromagnetic relay 57b is
brought into any one of a state in which the contact 57b1 and the
contact 57b2 are connected to each other, and a state in which the
contact 57b1 and the contact 57b3 are connected to each other.
For example, when the contact 57a1 and the contact 57a2 are
connected to each other, and the contact 57b1 and the contact 57b2
are connected to each other, power is supplied to the heat
generating element 54b1. For example, when the contact 57a1 and the
contact 57a3 are connected to each other, and the contact 57b1 and
the contact 57b3 are connected to each other (under the state of
FIG. 5), power is supplied to the heat generating element 54b3. For
example, when the contact 57a1 and the contact 57a3 are connected
to each other, and the contact 57b1 and the contact 57b2 are
connected to each other, power is supplied to the heat generating
element 54b2.
(Regarding Switching of Heat Generating Element and Power
Energization Ratio)
The electromagnetic relays 57a and 57b are the heat generating
element switchers 57 serving as heat generating element control
units configured to control a ratio of power supply to the
plurality of heat generating elements 54b (hereinafter referred to
as "power energization ratio"). The heat generating element
switchers 57a and 57b are each configured to receive a signal from
the CPU 94 to exclusively select a heat generating element 54b to
which power is to be supplied, from the heat generating elements
54b1, 54b2, and 54b3. In order to achieve a predetermined power
energization ratio, the CPU 94 is configured to switch the
electromagnetic relays 57a and 57b to allocate time for power
supply to the heat generating elements 54b1, 54b2, and 54b3
(hereinafter referred to as "power energization time"). The CPU 94
is configured to switch the electromagnetic relays 57a and 57b for
each predetermined cycle of the AC power source 55, for example,
each four cycles. For example, when the power energization ratio of
the heat generating elements 54b1a and 54b1b is 2, and the power
energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is 8, the
CPU 94 performs control as follows. First, the CPU 94 continues the
state connected to the heat generating element 54b1 for 8 cycles
(four cycles.times.2) through use of the electromagnetic relays 57a
and 57b. After that, the CPU 94 repeats an operation involving
switching the electromagnetic relays 57a and 57b, continuing the
state connected to the heat generating element 54b2 for 32 cycles
(four cycles.times.8), and performing connection to the heat
generating element 54b1. The case in which the power energization
ratio of the heat generating elements 54b1a and 54b1b is 2 and the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is 8
is hereinafter denoted by "power energization ratio 2:8".
In Embodiment 1, the predetermined power energization ratio is
achieved by allocating the energization time to the heat generating
elements 54b, but the method of distributing the power supply to
the heat generating elements 54b is not limited thereto. It is only
required that the power amount supplied to each of the heat
generating elements 54b be distributed based on any one of time,
voltage, and current, or a combination thereof. For example, the
following may be performed. Each of the heat generating elements
54b is provided with a triac as the heat generating element control
unit, and the conduction and non-conduction of each triac is
switched by the CPU 94 to control a current amount supplied to each
of the heat generating elements 54b, to thereby achieve the
predetermined power energization ratio.
[Positional Relationship Between Heat Generating Element and
Sheet-Width Sensor]
The positional relationship between each of the heat generating
elements 54b and the sheet-width sensors 31 is described with
reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for illustrating
the positional relationship of the image forming apparatus 170 on
the conveyance path Y of the sheet P. On the conveyance path Y, the
feed cassette 16, the sheet-width sensors 31, the registration
roller 18, the secondary transfer roller 25, and the fixing device
50 are arranged in the stated order from an upstream side in the
conveyance direction of the sheet P. In FIG. 6, only the heater 54
is schematically illustrated as the fixing device 50. In addition,
in Embodiment 1, three pairs of sheet-width sensors 31
corresponding to each of the heat generating elements 54b are
provided. As the sheet-width sensors 31 corresponding to the heat
generating element 54b1 having a maximum width in the heat
generating elements 54b, sheet-width sensors 31a1 and 31a2 serving
as a pair of first sheet-width detection units are arranged at an
interval (distance) S1. Specifically, the sheet-width sensors 31a1
and 31a2 are a pair of sensors, which are provided on an upstream
side of the fixing device 50 in the conveyance direction of the
sheet P substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and
which are provided at positions corresponding to both ends of the
heat generating element 54b1a. As the sheet-width sensors 31
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b2, which is the
second longest in the heat generating elements 54b, sheet-width
sensors 31b1 and 31b2 serving as a pair of second sheet-width
detection units are arranged at an interval (distance) S2. The
sheet-width sensors 31a1 and 31a2 are hereinafter sometimes
referred to as "sheet-width sensor pair 31a", and the sheet-width
sensors 31b1 and 31b2 are hereinafter sometimes referred to as
"sheet-width sensor pair 31b". In addition, the sub-thermistor
elements 60a and 61a, which function as the sheet-width sensors
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b3 having a minimum
width in the heat generating elements 54b, and which are used for
temperature control, are arranged in the fixing nip portion N of
the fixing device 50 at the interval S3 as described also with
reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. The sub-thermistor elements 60a and
61a are also encompassed in the sheet-width sensors 31.
The above-mentioned three pairs of sheet-width sensors 31 are each
arranged so as to be bilaterally symmetrical to each other with
respect to the reference line "a", which is a center line in the
longitudinal direction of the sheet P, and which is a center line
of the heat generating elements 54b1, 54b2, and 54b3. The
relationship among the lengths L1, L2, and L3 of the respective
heat generating elements 54b, the intervals S1, S2, and S3 of the
respective sheet-width sensors 31, and the maximum sheet width C
that can be arranged in the feed cassette 16 are as follows.
L1 (222 mm)>C (216 mm)>S1 (198 mm)>L2 (188 mm)>S2 (170
mm)>L3 (154 mm)>S3 (142 mm)
That is, the sheet-width sensors 31 corresponding to the respective
heat generating elements 54b are arranged on an inner side in the
longitudinal direction of the respective corresponding heat
generating elements 54b.
As described above, in Embodiment 1, the sub-thermistor elements
60a and 61a serving as the sheet-width sensors 31 located on an
innermost side in the longitudinal direction in the plurality of
sheet-width sensors 31 also serve as the temperature detection
units configured to detect the temperature of the heater 54. In
addition, the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a serving as the
sheet-width sensors 31 are arranged in the fixing nip portion N.
Meanwhile, the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a and 31b, which are the
sheet width sensors 31 other than the sheet-width sensors 31
(sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a) located on the innermost side
in the longitudinal direction, are arranged on the upstream side of
the fixing nip portion N in the conveyance direction of the sheet
P.
The sheet-width detection of the sheet P by the sub-thermistor
elements 60a and 61a is performed at timing at which the leading
edge of the first sheet P for continuous printing has reached the
fixing nip portion N of the fixing device 50. The detection results
of the sheet width of the sheet P in the fixing nip portion N are
used for control of the heat generating elements 54b in the second
and subsequent sheets for continuous printing. In addition, the
sheet-width detection by the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a and 31b
is performed at timing at which the leading edge of the sheet P has
reached the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a and 31b, and the detection
result thereof is used for control of the heat generating elements
54b in the first and subsequent printing.
[Control of Heat Generating Element]
Next, the operation of the fixing device 50 in Embodiment 1 is
described with reference to FIG. 7 and Table 1. Here, when the
sheet width of the sheet P is represented by "p", the sheet P
having the sheet width "p" that satisfies the relationship:
"maximum sheet width C (216 mm).gtoreq.p.gtoreq.S1 (198 mm)" is
referred to as "large-size sheet", which is a first recording
material having a width within a first range. The sheet P having
the sheet width "p" that satisfies the relationship: "S1 (198
mm)>p.gtoreq.S2 (170 mm)" is referred to as "medium-size sheet",
which is a second recording material having a width within a second
range. The sheet P having the sheet width "p" that satisfies the
relationship: "S2 (170 mm)>p.gtoreq.S3 (142 mm)" is referred to
as "small-size sheet", which is a third recording material having a
width within a third range. The sheet P having the sheet width "p"
that satisfies the relationship: "S3 (142 mm)>p.gtoreq.minimum
sheet width (76 mm)" is referred to as "very small-size sheet" that
is a fourth recording material having a width within a fourth
range. Typical examples of the large-size sheet include LTR and A4
paper. A typical example of the medium-size sheet is B5 paper. A
typical example of the small-size sheet is A5 paper. A typical
example of the very small-size sheet is a postcard.
In Table 1, "ON" indicates a state in which each of the sheet-width
sensors 31 detects "presence" of the sheet P, and "OFF" indicates a
state in which each of the sheet-width sensors 31 detects "absence"
of the sheet P. In addition, "TPD" in Table 1 indicates "throughput
down", and relates to decreasing a throughput (printed number of
sheets per unit time), that is, decreasing the conveyance speed of
the sheet P. The control of decreasing a throughput is hereinafter
sometimes referred as "TPD control".
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating a sequence from the
reception of a print command to the end of printing. In Step S101,
the CPU 94 receives a print command from the PC 110. In Step S102,
the CPU 94 obtains a detection temperature of the main thermistor
59 of the fixing device 50. When the CPU 94 determines that the
detection temperature of the main thermistor 59 is, for example,
70.degree. C. or more, the CPU 94 determines that the state of the
fixing device 50 is a HOT state. When the CPU 94 determines that
the detection temperature is less than 70.degree. C. (less than the
predetermined temperature), the CPU 94 determines that the state of
the fixing device 50 is a COLD state.
(HOT State and COLD State)
In this case, when the CPU 94 determines that the fixing device 50
is in the COLD state in Step S102, the CPU 94 performs a fixing
operation on the first three sheets P for continuous printing
through use of only the heat generating element 54b1 irrespective
of the detection results of the sheet width and the designated
sheet size. Then, the CPU 94 performs control on the fourth and
subsequent sheets P at power energization ratios shown in Table 1.
In addition, when the CPU 94 determines that the fixing device 50
is in the HOT state in Step S102, the CPU 94 performs control from
the first sheet for continuous printing at the power energization
ratios shown in Table 1. The reason for performing fixing
processing on the first three sheets P through use of only the heat
generating element 54b1 in the COLD state is to uniformly dissolve
grease in the film 51 in the longitudinal direction of the fixing
nip portion N. When temperature unevenness occurs to form
low-temperature portions in the longitudinal direction of the film
51, there is a risk in that the sliding resistance of the film 51
may become non-uniform in the longitudinal direction to deform the
film 51. In addition, as described later with reference to Table 1,
also in the fourth and subsequent sheets in the COLD state and in
the HOT state, the heat generating element 54b1, which is a heat
generating element having the largest width, is energized with a
certain ratio. With this, the sliding resistance is prevented from
becoming non-uniform to deform the film 51 due to a decrease in
temperature in the fixing nip portion N.
The description is returned to the flowchart of FIG. 7. In Step
S103, the CPU 94 obtains a sheet size designated by a user. When
the sheet P is conveyed from the feed cassette 16, the CPU 94
obtains detection results of a sheet width (hereinafter referred to
as "sheet-width detection results") of the sheet P by the
sheet-width sensors 31 in Step S104. The sheet-width sensors 31 in
this case refer to the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a and 31b
provided on the upstream side of the fixing nip portion N. In Step
S105, the CPU 94 sets a power energization ratio based on the sheet
size designated by the user obtained in Step S103 and the
sheet-width detection results obtained in Step S104. In Step S106,
the CPU 94 determines if it is timing when the first sheet P has
reached the fixing nip portion N based on the detection results of
the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a and 31b and a process speed. When
the CPU 94 determines that it is not timing when the sheet P has
reached the fixing nip portion N in Step S106, the flow is returned
to Step S106. When the CPU 94 determines that it is timing when the
sheet P has reached the fixing nip portion N, the flow is advanced
to Step S107.
In Step S107, the CPU 94 obtains (determines) a sheet width of the
sheet P based on detection results of the sub-thermistor elements
60a and 61a serving as the sheet-width sensors 31. In Step S108,
the CPU 94 determines whether or not it is required to change the
power energization ratio based on the designated sheet size
obtained in Step S103 and the sheet-width detection results
obtained in Step S107. When the CPU 94 determines that it is
required to change the power energization ratio in Step S108, the
flow is advanced to Step S109. When the CPU 94 determines that it
is not required to change the power energization ratio in Step
S108, the flow is advanced to Step S110. As described above, when
the CPU 94 determines that the fixing device 50 is in the COLD
state in Step S102, the CPU 94 performs control using the heat
generating element 54b1 up to the third sheet P irrespective of the
sheet-width detection results and the designated sheet size. In
Step S109, the CPU 94 changes the power energization ratio, and the
flow is advanced to Step S110. In Step S110, the CPU 94 determines
whether or not the continuous printing has been completed. When the
CPU determines that the continuous printing has not been completed,
the flow is returned to Step S107. When the CPU 94 determines that
the continuous printing has been completed, the flow is
finished.
[Control of Power Energization Ratio]
Next, the control of a power energization ratio by the CPU 94 shown
in Table 1 is described. Regarding the sheet-width detection
results in Table 1, the case in which each of the sheet-width
sensors 31 detects the arrival of the sheet P is denoted by "ON",
and the case in which each of the sheet-width sensors 31 does not
detect the arrival of the sheet P is denoted by "OFF". For example,
when it is determined that the sheet P has passed through all the
sheet-width sensors 31 (all the cases are denoted by "ON"), the
sheet-width detection results are determined to indicate a
large-size sheet. Further, when the designated sheet size indicates
a large-size sheet, the control of the case (a) in Table 1 is
performed. In addition, numerical numbers shown in Table 1 indicate
ratios for energizing the respective heat generating elements 54b1,
54b2, and 54b3 (hereinafter referred to as "power energization
ratios"). For example, in the case (a), 10:0:0 is shown, and
informs that the power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b1 is 10, the power energization ratio of the heat
generating element 54b2 is 0, and the power energization ratio of
the heat generating element 54b3 is 0. As described above, for
example, the power energization ratio of 2:3:5 is that the control
is performed as follows. Specifically, the power energization ratio
of 2:3:5 involves supplying power to the heat generating element
54b1 during 2 cycles of an AC voltage of the AC power source 55,
then switching the heat generating element 54b to supply power to
the heat generating element 54b2 during 3 cycles, and switching the
heat generating element 54b to supply power to the heat generating
element 54b3 during 5 cycles.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sheet- width Sheet-width sensor Designated
sheet size detection detection results Large- Medium- Small- Very
small- results 31a1 31a2 31b1 31b2 60a 61a size sheet size sheet
size sheet size sheet Large- ON ON ON ON ON ON (a) 10:0:0 (b)
10:0:0 (c) 10:0:0 (d) 10:0:0 size sheet Medium- OFF OFF ON ON ON ON
(e) 10:0:0/ (f) 4:6:0 to (g) 2:8:0 (h) 2:8:0 size sheet Uniform
2:8:0/ TPD Ratio control in accordance with designated sheet size
Small- OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON (i) 2:8:0/ (j) 2:8:0/ (k) 2:3:5 to (l)
2:0:8 size sheet Uniform Uniform 2:0:8/ TPD TPD Ratio control in
accordance with designated sheet size Very small- OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF (m) 2:8:0 (n) 2:8:0 (o) 2:3:5 to (p) 2:0:8 size sheet
.dwnarw. .dwnarw. 2:0:8 .dwnarw. 2:0:8 2:0:8 .dwnarw. TPD in
.dwnarw. .dwnarw. 2:0:8 accordance TPD in TPD in .dwnarw. with
sheet accordance accordance TPD in width with sheet with sheet
accordance width width with sheet width (Table 1: Selection of Heat
Generating Element 54b in HOT state in Embodiment 1) (Case in which
sheet-width detection results and designated sheet size are matched
with each other)
First, the case in which the sheet-width detection results and the
designated sheet size are matched with each other is described.
This corresponds to the cases (a), (f), (k), and (p) in Table
1.
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size indicate a large-size sheet (case (a)), the power
energization ratio is 10:0:0 as shown in the case (a), and the
fixing operation is performed through use of only the heat
generating element 54b1. The sheet-width detection results in the
large-size sheet are ON in the sheet-width sensor pair 31a, ON in
the sheet-width sensor pair 31b, and ON in the sub-thermistor
elements 60a and 61a.
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size indicate a medium-size sheet (case (f)), the power
energization ratio falls within a range of from 4:6:0 to 2:8:0 as
shown in the case (f), and ratio control is performed in accordance
with the designated sheet size. In any case, the heat generating
element 54b1 and the heat generating element 54b2 are each caused
to generate heat at a certain energization ratio, and the heat
generating element 54b3 is not caused to generate heat. The
sheet-width detection results in the medium-size sheet are OFF in
the sheet-width sensor pair 31a, ON in the sheet-width sensor pair
31b, and ON in the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a.
In this case, the heat generated by the heat generating element
54b1 is supplied also to a region on an outer side of the
medium-size sheet. In the outer side region of the medium-size
sheet, heat is not absorbed by the sheet P or toner, and hence the
temperature is liable to be excessively increased. Therefore, when
the power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 is
increased, a non-sheet passing portion temperature rise becomes
more conspicuous. When the non-sheet passing portion temperature
rise becomes conspicuous, there is a risk in that breakage of the
film 51 and the pressure roller 53 may occur, and hence it is
required to decrease a throughput by increasing intervals of the
sheets P so that the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise
reaches a certain temperature or less. Meanwhile, the heat
generating element 54b2 supplies heat only to a region on an inner
side of the medium-size sheet, which is advantageous for the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise. However, when toner is
formed on the sheet P in a region having the length L2 or more of
the heat generating element 54b2, there is a risk in that heat
supply may become insufficient in the region having the length L2
or more. Therefore, when the power energization ratio of the heat
generating element 54b2 is increased, a phenomenon called "poor
fixing", in which toner is not fixed occurs in a sheet end portion,
with the result that there is a risk in that the toner may adhere
to the film 51 to contaminate the fixing device 50, and may be
discharged onto a subsequent sheet to contaminate the sheet P. In
view of the foregoing, it is preferred that the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 be increased as the sheet
width of the sheet P is larger in the same medium-size sheets, and
the power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 be
increased as the sheet width is smaller in the same medium-size
sheets. In Embodiment 1, also in the medium-size sheets, the power
energization ratio is set so as to fall within a range of from
4:6:0 to 2:8:0 in accordance with the designated sheet size. With
the setting as described above, breakage of the film 51 and the
pressure roller 53 caused by the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise, and poor fixing in the sheet end portion did not
occur irrespective of the designated sheet size.
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size indicate a small-size sheet (case (k)), the power
energization ratio falls within a range of from 2:3:5 to 2:0:8 as
shown in the case (k), and ratio control is performed in accordance
with the designated sheet size. In this case, the heat generating
element 54b1, the heat generating element 54b2, and the heat
generating element 54b3 are each caused to generate heat at a
certain power energization ratio. A reason to energize the heat
generating element 54b1 includes working towards preventing
deformation of the film 51 caused by the sliding resistance
fluctuation in the longitudinal direction described above, and the
power energization ratio is constant at 2, irrespective of the
sheet width of the small-size sheet. Then, the power energization
ratios of the heat generating element 54b2 and the heat generating
element 54b3 vary depending on the designated sheet size.
Specifically, in order to suppress the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise to the extent possible to increase a throughput,
as the sheet width of the sheet P is larger, the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is increased, and the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b3 is
decreased. The power energization ratio falls within a range of
from 2:3:5 to 2:0:8 depending on the designated sheet size. The
sheet-width detection results in the small-size sheet are OFF in
the sheet-width sensor pair 31a, OFF in the sheet-width sensor pair
31b, and ON in the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a.
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size indicate a very small-size sheet (case (p)), the power
energization ratio is 2:0:8 as shown in the case (p), and the TPD
control is performed in accordance with the sheet width of the
sheet P. The power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b1 is 2, and the power energization ratio of the heat
generating element 54b3 is 8. The sheet-width detection results in
the very small-size sheet are OFF in the sheet-width sensor pair
31a, OFF in the sheet-width sensor pair 31b, and OFF in the
sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a.
Here, a case in which the sheet-width detection unit for a minimum
width is not a thermistor but a sheet-width sensor in the same
manner as in other sheet-width detection units (sheet-width sensor
pairs 31a and 31b) is considered. In this case, it can be detected
whether the sheet width of the sheet P is equal to or more than a
small-size sheet or a very small-size sheet, but it cannot be
detected which size in the very small-size sheet or less the sheet
width of the sheet P has. Therefore, in order to prevent
deformation of the film 51 and the pressure roller 53 caused by the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise, it is required to
uniformly decrease a throughput in accordance with the sheet P
having a minimum sheet width in which the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise becomes most conspicuous, and thus productivity is
impaired.
Meanwhile, in Embodiment 1, the sub-thermistor elements 60a and
61a, which serve as the temperature detection units being the
sheet-width detection units located on the innermost side, are
arranged in the fixing nip portion N. In addition, the sheet-width
sensor pairs 31a and 31b, which are the other sheet-width detection
units, are arranged on the upstream side of the fixing nip portion
N. With such a configuration, when a very small-size sheet is
printed, the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise can be
always detected. Then, an optimum throughput can be selected in
accordance with the sheet size (sheet width of the sheet P) even in
the same very small size to maximize productivity. In Embodiment 1,
when any one of the detection temperatures of the sub-thermistors
60 and 61 exceeds, for example, 230.degree. C., a sheet interval is
increased to decrease a throughput, to thereby prevent deformation
of the film 51. In this case, the sheet interval refers to an
interval between a trailing edge of a predetermined sheet P and a
leading edge of a subsequent sheet P that is conveyed following the
predetermined sheet P. Even in the same very small-size sheets, the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise is increased as the
width of the sheet P is smaller, and hence a throughput is further
decreased.
[Output Number of Sheets]
FIG. 8 is a graph for showing an output number of sheets when the
sheets P having different sizes are printed for 1 minute from a
state in which the detection temperature of the main thermistor 59
of the fixing device 50 is 75.degree. C. (that is, HOT state). In
FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents time (minute), and the
vertical axis represents the number of sheets. In addition, the
solid line indicates a postcard. The broken line indicates an A6
sheet P. The alternate long and short dash line having a large
pitch indicates an invoice. The alternate long and short dash line
indicates an A5 sheet P. For example, in the case of the postcard,
the detection temperature of the sub-thermistors 60 and 61 exceeds
230.degree. C. after about 10 seconds from the start of printing,
and a throughput is decreased. Therefore, the output number of
sheets after 1 minute is 15. Meanwhile, in the case of the A5 sheet
P, a throughput is not decreased, and the printed number of sheets
after 1 minute is 44. The printed number of sheets in the case of
the invoice is 40, and the printed number of sheets in the case of
the A6 sheet P is 25. It is understood from the graph of FIG. 8
that the printed number of sheets after 1 minute, that is, the
output speed is decreased as the sheet has a smaller width, and
thus, an appropriate throughput can be selected in accordance with
the sheet width. In addition, in any one of the sheet types, when
the detection temperature of the sub-thermistors 60 and 61 is kept
within a temperature of 230.degree. C., members of the fixing
device 50, such as the film 51 and the pressure roller 53, are not
deformed.
(Case in which Sheet-Width Detection Results Indicate a Size
Smaller than Designated Sheet Size)
Next, the case in which the sheet-width detection results indicate
a size smaller than the designated sheet size is described. This
case corresponds to the cases (e), (i), (j), (m), (n), and (o) in
Table 1. Embodiment 1 has a feature in that, when the sheet-width
detection results indicate a size smaller than the designated sheet
size, the power energization ratio of the heat generating element
54b having a width in the longitudinal direction larger than the
width determined by the sheet-width detection results is increased
as compared to the case in which the designated sheet size is
matched with that indicated by the sheet-width detection
results.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a medium-size
sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a large-size
sheet (case (e)), the TPD control is uniformly performed at the
power energization ratio of 10:0:0 as shown in the case (e). In
this case, only the heat generating element 54b1 is energized. When
the designated sheet size corresponds to a large-size sheet, an
image size is at most 206 mm. When the sheet-width detection
results indicate a medium-size sheet, the sheet width is equal to
or more than S2 (170 mm) and equal to or less than S1 (198 mm), and
hence the sheet width is smaller than the image size. Then, a toner
image is formed also on a margin portion of the sheet P depending
on the image data. In this case, when the fixing operation is
performed at the same power energization ratio as that in the case
in which the sheet-width detection results and the designated sheet
size are correctly matched with each other (case (f)) such as to a
predetermined standard, heat is unnecessarily taken away by the
toner image in the margin portion, and there is a risk in that poor
fixing may occur in the sheet end portion. However, in Embodiment
1, the power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b1
corresponding to a large-size sheet larger than the medium-size
sheet determined by the sheet-width detection results is increased
as compared to the case of the case (f), in which the designated
sheet size is matched with the sheet-width detection results.
Therefore, poor fixing did not occur even in the margin portion. In
addition, the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise was also
suppressed by decreasing a throughput, and the film 51 was not
deformed.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a small-size sheet,
and the designated sheet size corresponds to a large-size sheet
(case (i)), the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 2:8:0 as shown in the case (i), and the TPD
control is uniformly performed. The power energization ratio of the
heat generating element 54b2 is increased as compared to the case
of the case (k), in which the designated sheet size is matched with
the sheet-width detection results, and hence poor fixing did not
occur in the margin portion. In addition, in this case, a
throughput is uniformly decreased in the same manner as in the case
(e). Also in the case (i), poor fixing and deformation of the film
51 caused by temperature unevenness did not occur. When the
sheet-width detection results indicate a small-size sheet, and the
designated sheet size corresponds to a medium-size sheet (case
(j)), the same operation as that of the case (i) is performed.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a very small-size
sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a large-size
sheet (case (m)), the fixing operation in accordance with the
printed number of sheets is performed, and in addition, the TPD
control in accordance with the sheet width is performed.
Specifically, the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 2:8:0 in the first sheet P for continuous
printing, and the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 2:0:8 in the second and subsequent sheets P.
In the first sheet P, only the detection results of the sheet-width
sensor pairs 31a and 31b can be used. Therefore, the CPU 94 can
determine that the sheet P that is being conveyed has a size equal
to or less than a small size, but cannot determine whether the
sheet P is a small-size sheet or a very small-size sheet.
Therefore, even when the first sheet P is a small-size sheet, the
power energization ratio is set to the same as that in the case (i)
so that poor fixing does not occur in the margin portion. In the
second and subsequent sheets P for continuous printing, the
sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a detect that the sheet P is a
very small-size sheet. Therefore, in order to suppress the
sheet-passing portion temperature rise, the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is decreased, and the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b3 is
increased, to thereby change the power energization ratio from
2:8:0 to 2:0:8. Further, in order to prevent the non-sheet passing
portion temperature rise, a throughput is decreased in accordance
with the detection temperatures of the sub-thermistor elements 60a
and 61a, that is, in accordance with the sheet width of the sheet
P. Specifically, a throughput is decreased when any of the
detection temperatures of the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a
reaches 230.degree. C. In the first sheet P, the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is increased as compared
to the case (p), in which the designated sheet size is matched with
the sheet-width detection results, and hence poor fixing did not
occur even in the margin portion. When the sheet-width detection
results indicate a very small-size sheet, and the designated sheet
size corresponds to a medium-size sheet (case (n)), the same
operation as that of the case (m) is performed.)
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a very small-size
sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a small-size
sheet (case (o)), the same control as that of the case (k) is
performed on the first sheet P (sheet P that has not been
determined for whether the sheet P is a small-size sheet or a very
small-size sheet). After that, the TPD control is performed on the
second and subsequent sheets P (sheets P that have been determined
to be very small-size sheets) at the power energization ratio of
2:0:8 in accordance with the detection results of the
sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a, that is, in accordance with
the sheet width of the sheet P. (Case in which sheet-width
detection results indicate a size larger than designated sheet
size)
Next, the case in which the sheet-width detection results indicate
a size larger than the designated sheet size is described. This
case corresponds to the cases (b), (c), (d), (g), (h), and (l) in
Table 1.
When the sheet width detection results indicate a large-size sheet,
and the designated sheet size corresponds to a medium-size sheet
(case (b)), the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 10:0:0 through use of only the heat
generating element 54b1. The sheet width of the sheet P to be
conveyed is larger than the designated sheet size. Therefore, as
compared to the case in which the sheet P is conveyed in accordance
with the designated sheet size, heat is unnecessarily taken away to
decrease the temperature in a region on an outer side of the
designated sheet size. Then, the heat in the image size of the
designated sheet size also moves to the outer side region in which
the temperature is relatively low. Therefore, when the power
energization ratio is set in accordance with the designated sheet
size (from 4:6:0 to 2:8:0 in the same manner as in the case (f)),
there is a risk in that the temperature in the fixing nip portion N
in the end portion of the image size may be decreased to cause poor
fixing. Further, as a result of the decrease in temperature of the
fixing nip portion N, there is also a risk in that fluctuation in
the longitudinal direction may occur in the sliding resistance in
the film 51 to deform the film 51. In order to prevent poor fixing
in the end portion and deformation of the film 51, the following
control is required. Specifically, it is required to further
increase the power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b on an outer side as compared to the case in which the
designated sheet size is determined for whether the sheet P is a
large-size sheet or a medium-size sheet before the sheet P reaches
the fixing nip portion N, and further, the sheet-width detection
results are matched with the designated sheet size.
Embodiment 1 has a feature in that the sheet-width sensor pairs 31a
and 31b serving as the sheet-width detection units other than the
sheet-width detection units located on the innermost side are
arranged on the upstream side of the fixing nip portion N.
Therefore, it can be detected that the sheet P having passed has a
width larger than the designated sheet size before the sheet P
reaches the fixing nip portion N. In addition, in Embodiment 1, the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b is set
to 10:0:0, which is larger than that used when the sheet-width
detection results are matched with the designated sheet size (the
case (f) in this case). With such a configuration and control, poor
fixing and deformation of the film 51 caused by a decrease in
temperature of the fixing nip portion N did not occur.
In addition, in Embodiment 1, the power energization ratio is set
to 10:0:0, but may be set to 10:0:0 or less and 4:6:0 or more
within a range in which poor fixing and deformation of the film 51
do not occur. A decrease in temperature causes poor fixing and
deformation of the film 51. However, when the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 is excessively increased,
the temperature of the fixing nip portion N in the vicinity of the
sheet end portion in which there is no image is increased to cause
energy loss. Specifically, the effect of reducing power consumption
is obtained by decreasing the power energization ratio of the heat
generating element 54b1 to, for example, as low as 4:6:0. When the
sheet-width detection results indicate a large-size sheet, and the
designated sheet size corresponds to a small-size sheet (case (c)),
and when the sheet-width detection results indicate a large-size
sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a very
small-size sheet (case (d)), the same operation as that of the case
(b) is performed.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a medium-size
sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a small-size
sheet (case (g)), the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 2:8:0. When the sheet-width detection results
indicate a medium-size sheet, and the designated sheet size
corresponds to a very small-size sheet (case (h)), the same
operation as that of the case (g) is performed.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a small-size sheet,
and the designated sheet size corresponds to a very small-size
sheet (case (l)), the fixing operation is performed at the power
energization ratio of 2:0:8. As in this configuration, the
sheet-width detection units located on the innermost side may not
be arranged on the upstream side of the fixing nip portion N. The
reason for this is as follows. The fixing operation is performed
through use of the heat generating element 54b3 having a minimum
width irrespective of ON/OFF of the sheet-width detection units
located on the innermost side. Therefore, even when the designated
sheet size is erroneously determined between a small-size sheet and
a very small-size sheet, a decrease in temperature of the fixing
nip portion N is less liable to occur.
As described above, in Embodiment 1, the sheet-width detection
units located on the innermost side in the longitudinal direction
in the plurality of sheet-width detection units also serve as the
temperature detection units, and are arranged in the fixing nip
portion N. The sheet-width detection units other than the
sheet-width detection units located on the innermost side in the
longitudinal direction are arranged on the upstream side of the
fixing nip portion N. With such a configuration, when the sheet
width of the sheet P is larger than the designated sheet size, an
error of the designated sheet size can be detected before the sheet
P reaches the fixing nip portion N, and the non-sheet passing
portion temperature rise that occurs when the sheet P with a small
width has passed can be detected. Therefore, even when the
designated sheet size is wrong, an appropriate throughput can be
selected in accordance with the width of a small-size sheet to
maximize productivity while temperature unevenness in the
longitudinal direction is reduced, and further, poor fixing and
deformation of the film 51 are prevented.
In addition, in Embodiment 1, when the sheet-width detection
results indicate a size smaller than the designated sheet size, the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b having
a width in the longitudinal direction larger than the width
determined by the sheet-width detection results is increased as
compared to the case in which the designated sheet size is matched
with the sheet-width detection results. With this, even when the
designated sheet size is wrong, temperature unevenness in the
longitudinal direction can be reduced, and further, poor fixing in
the sheet end portion and film deformation can be prevented.
As described above, in Embodiment 1, the width of the sheet P is
determined based on the detection results of the sheet-width
sensors 31a1 and 31a2, the sheet-width sensors 31b1 and 31b2, and
the fixing temperature sensors 60 and 61. In other words,
Embodiment 1 has a configuration in which the ratios of power to be
supplied to the heat generating element 54b1a, the heat generating
element 54b2, and the heat generating element 54b3 is controlled
based on the detection results of the sheet-width sensors 31a1 and
31a2, the sheet-width sensors 31b1 and 31b2, and the fixing
temperature sensors 60 and 61.
Thus, according to Embodiment 1, temperature unevenness in the
longitudinal direction of the fixing device can be reduced.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is described with reference to FIG. 9. Embodiment 2 is
different from Embodiment 1 in that a sub-thermistor pair serving
as the sheet-width detection unit and the temperature detection
unit is added to each of the heat generating element 54b1 and the
heat generating element 54b2, and a sheet-width sensor pair serving
as the sheet-detection unit is added to the heat generating element
54b3. In the following, only differences from Embodiment 1 are
described.
[Positional Relationship Between Heat Generating Element and
Sheet-Width Sensor]
The relationship between each of the heat generating elements 54b
and each of the sheet-width sensors 31 is described with reference
to FIG. 9. Sub-thermistors 62 to 65 function as the temperature
detection units, and include sub-thermistor elements 62a to 65a,
respectively. The sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a each serve as
a third temperature detection unit and a sheet-width detection unit
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b1, and are arranged
so as to be bilaterally symmetrical to each other with respect to
the reference line "a" at the interval S1 of 198 mm. It can also be
said that the sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a are provided at
positions corresponding to both ends of the heat generating element
54b1a.
The sub-thermistor elements 64a and 65a each serve as a fourth
temperature detection unit and a sheet-width detection unit
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b2, and are arranged
so as to be bilaterally symmetrical to each other with respect to
the reference line "a" at the interval S2 of 170 mm. It can also be
said that the sub-thermistor elements 64a and 65a are provided at
positions corresponding to both ends of the heat generating element
54b2. The sub-thermistor elements 62a to 65a are arranged at the
center in a widthwise direction of the heater 54 in the same manner
as in the sub-thermistor elements 60a and 61a. All the
sub-thermistor elements 60a to 65a are configured to output
detection results to the CPU 94, and the CPU 94 is configured to
determine the sheet width of the sheet P based on a change in
detection temperature by the sub-thermistor elements 60a to 65a
exhibited when the sheet P has passed in the same manner as in
Embodiment 1.
Sheet-width sensors 31c1 and 31c2, which are third sheet-width
detection units, function as sheet-width detection units
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b3. The sheet-width
sensors 31c1 and 31c2 are arranged so as to be bilaterally
symmetrical to each other with respect to the reference line "a" at
the interval S3, and are arranged substantially at the same
positions as those of the sheet-width sensors 31a1 to 31b2 on the
conveyance path Y. The sheet-width sensors 31c1 and 31c2 are
sometimes referred to as "sheet-width sensor pair 31c".
As described above, in Embodiment 2, the sheet-width detection
units corresponding to each of the heat generating elements 54b are
provided in six pairs in total. Specifically, the sheet-width
sensor pairs 31a, 31b, and 31c are arranged on the upstream side of
the fixing nip portion N, and the sub-thermistor pairs 60 to 65
also serving as the temperature detection units are arranged in the
fixing nip portion N. In this case, the sheet-width sensor 31a1
corresponds to the sub-thermistor element 62a, and the sheet-width
sensor 31a2 corresponds to the sub-thermistor element 63a. The
sheet-width sensor 31b1 corresponds to the sub-thermistor element
64a, and the sheet-width sensor 31b2 corresponds to the
sub-thermistor element 65a. The sheet-width sensor 31c1 corresponds
to the sub-thermistor element 60a, and the sheet-width sensor 31c2
corresponds to the sub-thermistor element 61a.
[Control of Power Energization Ratio]
Next, an operation of the fixing device 50 in Embodiment 2 is
described with reference to Table 2. In Table 2, there is shown
control of a power energization ratio performed when the fixing
device 50 is in a HOT state. In addition, here, only differences
from Embodiment 1 are described.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sheet- Sheet-width sensor width detection
results Designated sheet size detection 31a1 31a2 31b1 31b2 31c1
31c2 Large- Medium- Small- Very small- results 62a 63a 64a 65a 60a
61a size sheet size sheet size sheet size sheet Large- ON ON ON ON
ON ON (a) 10:0:0 (b) 10:0:0 (c) 10:0:0 (d) 10:0:0 size sheet
Medium- OFF OFF ON ON ON ON (e) 10:0:0 (f) 4:6:0 (g) 2:8:0 (h)
2:8:0 size sheet .dwnarw. to 2:8:0 Ratio .dwnarw. control in Ratio
accordance control in with sheet accordance width with sheet width
Small- OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON (i) 2:8:0 (j) 2:8:0 (k) 2:3:5 (l)
2:0:8 size sheet .dwnarw. .dwnarw. to 2:0:8 Ratio Ratio .dwnarw.
control in control in Ratio accordance accordance control in with
sheet with sheet accordance width width with sheet width Very
small- OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF (m) 2:0:8 (n) 2:0:8 (o) 2:0:8 (p)
2:0:8 size sheet .dwnarw. .dwnarw. .dwnarw. .dwnarw. TPD in TPD in
TPD in TPD in accordance accordance accordance accordance with
sheet with sheet with sheet with sheet width width width width
(Table 2: Selection of Heat Generating Element 54b in HOT state in
Embodiment 2) (Case in which sheet-width detection results and
designated sheet size are matched with each other)
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size correspond to a medium-size sheet (case (f)), the heat
generating elements 54b1 and 54b2 are each caused to generate heat
at a certain power energization ratio of from 4:6:0 to 2:8:0, to
thereby perform ratio control in accordance with the sheet width.
In this case, the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise is
smaller as the sheet P has a larger width in the medium-size
sheets, and the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise is
larger as the sheet P has a smaller width in the medium-size
sheets. Therefore, when the designated sheet size is wrong in the
medium-size sheets in Embodiment 1, there is a risk in that a
decrease in temperature may occur in an end portion to cause poor
fixing. However, in Embodiment 2, the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise and a decrease in temperature in an end portion
can be detected by the sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a arranged
at positions through which the sheet P does not pass. Therefore,
even when the designated sheet size is wrong in the medium-size
sheets, an appropriate power energization ratio can be
selected.
For example, a case in which a 16K-size sheet P (sheet width: 195
mm) has passed when a B5 (ISO)-size sheet P (sheet width: 176 mm)
is designated is considered. In this case, a difference between the
designated sheet size and the sheet P that is being actually
conveyed cannot be detected by the sheet-width sensors 31b1 and
31b2. Specifically, in both the B5-size sheet P and the 16K-size
sheet P, the sheet-width sensors 31b1 and 31b2 are in the ON state,
and cannot discriminate a difference in size in the medium-size
sheets. In Embodiment 2, when the B5-size sheet P is designated,
sheet passage is started at the power energization ratio of 2:8:0.
Then, the 16K-size sheet P having a width larger than that of the
B5-size sheet P has actually passed, and hence the temperature in
the end portion of the fixing nip portion N is decreased as
compared to the case in which the B5-size sheet P has normally
passed.
In Embodiment 2, when any one of the temperatures of the
sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a is decreased by 40.degree. C.
or more as compared to the main thermistor element 59a, the power
energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 is
increased, and the power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b2 is decreased. When this control is performed, the
power energization ratio of 2:8:0, which is used for starting the
control, gradually reaches 4:6:0, for example, by sheet passage of
the fourth sheet P, and the decrease in temperature in the fixing
nip portion N can be eliminated. In contrast, when the B5-size
sheet P has passed in spite of the fact that the 16K-size sheet P
is designated, the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise is
increased. In Embodiment 2, when any one of the temperatures of the
sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a reaches 230.degree. C., the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 is
decreased, and the power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b2 is increased. Therefore, the power energization ratio
of 4:6:0, which is used for starting the control in accordance with
the initially designated sheet size of 16K, gradually reaches
2:8:0, for example, by sheet passage of the fourth sheet P, and the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise in the fixing nip
portion N can be eliminated.
When both the sheet-width detection results and the designated
sheet size correspond to a small-size sheet (case (k)), the control
is started at a power energization ratio in accordance with the
designated sheet size in the same manner as in Embodiment 1. In
addition, in Embodiment 2, in the same manner as in the case (f),
even when an error of the size in the small-size sheets occurs, a
change in temperature can be detected by the sub-thermistor
elements 64a and 65a arranged at positions through which the sheet
P does not pass. Therefore, in the second and subsequent sheets P,
sheet passage can be performed at an appropriate power energization
ratio in accordance with the sheet width even in the same
small-size sheets. The cases (a) and (p) are the same as those in
Table 1, and hence description thereof is omitted.
(Case in which Sheet-Width Detection Results Indicate a Size
Smaller than Designated Sheet Size)
A case (e) in which the sheet-width detection results indicate a
medium-size sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to a
large-size sheet is described. In Embodiment 1, when the
sheet-width detection results indicate a medium-size sheet, the
sheet P having a sheet width of S2 (170 mm) or more and S1 (198 mm)
or less cannot be determined. Therefore, even when the sheet P
having a maximum sheet width in the medium-size sheets has passed,
the power energization ratio is set to 10:0:0 so that a toner image
in a margin portion can be fixed, and a throughput is decreased by
increasing a sheet interval so as to alleviate the non-sheet
passing portion temperature rise (Table 1). In Embodiment 2, the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise can be detected by the
sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a arranged within a range through
which the sheet P does not pass, and hence the power energization
ratio can be changed in accordance with the sheet width in the same
manner as in the case (f). The power energization ratio is
initially set to 10:0:0, and the power energization ratio of the
heat generating element 54b1 is decreased and the power
energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is increased
in accordance with the non-sheet passing portion temperature
rise.
For example, when the B5-size sheet has passed, printing is started
at the power energization ratio of 2:8:0 when the designated sheet
size corresponds also to the B5-size sheet (case (f)) in Embodiment
2. However, printing is started at the power energization ratio of
10:0:0 when the designated sheet size corresponds to an LTR-size
sheet (case (e)). After that, when the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise is increased, and any of the temperatures of the
sub-thermistor elements 62a and 63a reaches 230.degree. C., the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b1 is
decreased, and the power energization ratio of the heat generating
element 54b2 is increased. For example, in sheet passage of the
fourth sheet, the power energization ratio reached the vicinity of
2:8:0, and the non-sheet passing portion temperature rise was
eliminated. Even after that, breakage of the film 51 and the
pressure roller 53 caused by the non-sheet passing portion
temperature rise did not occur. Further, the sub-thermistor
elements 62a and 63a in the end portions are kept in the vicinity
of 230.degree. C., and hence poor fixing did not occur even when
toner is loaded on the margin portion. Thus, as compared to
Embodiment 1, temperature unevenness can be eliminated without
decreasing a throughput in Embodiment 2.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a small-size sheet,
and the designated sheet size corresponds to a large-size sheet
(case (i)), printing is started at the power energization ratio of
2:8:0. After that, when the detection results of the sub-thermistor
elements 64a and 65a exceed 230.degree. C., the power energization
ratio of the heat generating element 54b2 is decreased, and the
power energization ratio of the heat generating element 54b3 is
increased. Also in this case, in the same manner as in the case
(e), temperature unevenness can be eliminated without decreasing a
throughput, and poor fixing and partial breakage caused by the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise did not occur.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a small-size sheet,
and the designated sheet size corresponds to a medium-size sheet
(case (j)), the same control as that of the case (i) is performed.
Also in this case, in the same manner as in the case (i),
temperature unevenness can be eliminated without decreasing a
throughput, and poor fixing and partial breakage caused by the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise did not occur.
A case (m) in which the sheet-width detection results indicate a
very small-size sheet, and the designated sheet size corresponds to
a large-size sheet is described. In Embodiment 1, only the
sub-thermistors 60a and 61a are the sheet-width detection units
corresponding to the heat generating element 54b3. Therefore, it
cannot be determined whether the sheet width corresponds to a
small-size sheet or a very small-size sheet until the first sheet P
passes through the fixing nip portion N. Therefore, the control is
started initially at the power energization ratio of 2:8:0 for a
small-size sheet, and the power energization ratio is switched to
2:0:8, which is the power energization ratio for a very small-size
sheet, after the first sheet P passes through the fixing nip
portion N.
In Embodiment 2, the sheet-width sensors 31c1 and 31c2 are added on
the upstream side in addition to the sub-thermistors 60a and 61a as
the sheet-width detection units corresponding to the heat
generating element 54b3. Therefore, the CPU 94 can determine that
the sheet width corresponds to a very small-size sheet before the
first sheet P reaches the fixing nip portion N. Therefore, the
control can be performed from the beginning at the power
energization ratio of 2:0:8 corresponding to a very small-size
sheet, and after that, a throughput is decreased in accordance with
an increase in temperature of the sub-thermistor elements 60a and
61a. In Embodiment 2, heat generated within a range through which
the first sheet P did not pass was further reduced, and the
non-sheet passing portion temperature rise was decreased, thereby
being capable of delaying timing of decreasing a throughput, with
the result that initial productivity was improved. In the cases (n)
and (o), the same operation as that of the case (m) is performed.
When the sheet-width detection results indicate a size larger than
the designated sheet size, that is, in the cases (b), (c), (d),
(g), (h), and (l), the same control as that described with
reference to Table 1 in Embodiment 1 is performed, and hence
description thereof is omitted.
As described above, in Embodiment 2, productivity in the case of
sheet size mismatch can be improved in addition to the effect of
Embodiment 1, and temperature unevenness in the longitudinal
direction of the fixing device 50 can be controlled. Thus,
according to Embodiment 2, temperature unevenness in the
longitudinal direction of the fixing device 50 can be reduced.
Other Embodiments
Embodiment(s) of the present disclosure can also be realized by a
computer of a system or apparatus that reads out and executes
computer executable instructions (e.g., one or more programs)
recorded on a storage medium (which may also be referred to more
fully as a `non-transitory computer-readable storage medium`) to
perform the functions of one or more of the above-described
embodiment(s) and/or that includes one or more circuits (e.g.,
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) for performing the
functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s), and
by a method performed by the computer of the system or apparatus
by, for example, reading out and executing the computer executable
instructions from the storage medium to perform the functions of
one or more of the above-described embodiment(s) and/or controlling
the one or more circuits to perform the functions of one or more of
the above-described embodiment(s). The computer may include one or
more processors (e.g., central processing unit (CPU), micro
processing unit (MPU)) and may include a network of separate
computers or separate processors to read out and execute the
computer executable instructions. The computer executable
instructions may be provided to the computer, for example, from a
network or the storage medium. The storage medium may include, for
example, one or more of a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM),
a read only memory (ROM), a storage of distributed computing
systems, an optical disk (such as a compact disc (CD), digital
versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD).TM.), a flash memory
device, a memory card, and the like.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to
exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure
is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of
the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation
so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures
and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application
No. 2019-162955, filed on Sep. 6, 2019, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
* * * * *