U.S. patent number 11,217,894 [Application Number 16/882,565] was granted by the patent office on 2022-01-04 for antenna structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to CYNTEC CO., LTD., National Taiwan University. The grantee listed for this patent is CYNTEC CO., LTD., National Taiwan University. Invention is credited to Hsi-Tseng Chou, Sheng-Ju Chou, Ping-Chang Huang.
United States Patent |
11,217,894 |
Chou , et al. |
January 4, 2022 |
Antenna structure
Abstract
A antenna structure including a reflector, a horizontally
polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna on the front
side of reflector, wherein the horizontally polarized antenna is
made up of a pair of dipoles, each said dipole includes a positive
ground member and a negative ground member overlapping each other,
while the vertically polarized antenna is made of a upper ground
member and a lower ground member overlapping each other, and the
upper ground member is above the upper dipole and the lower ground
member is below the lower dipole, and a first signal source and a
second signal source extend from the back side of the reflector to
the front side to excite the horizontally polarized antenna and the
vertically polarized antenna, respectively.
Inventors: |
Chou; Sheng-Ju (Hsinchu,
TW), Chou; Hsi-Tseng (Taipei, TW), Huang;
Ping-Chang (Hsinchu, TW) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CYNTEC CO., LTD.
National Taiwan University |
Hsinchu
Taipei |
N/A
N/A |
TW
TW |
|
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Assignee: |
CYNTEC CO., LTD. (Hsinchu,
TW)
National Taiwan University (Taipei, TW)
|
Family
ID: |
73551475 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/882,565 |
Filed: |
May 25, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200381835 A1 |
Dec 3, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62854962 |
May 30, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q
25/001 (20130101); H01Q 19/108 (20130101); H01Q
9/0407 (20130101); H01Q 1/243 (20130101); H01Q
1/38 (20130101); H01Q 1/48 (20130101); H01Q
21/08 (20130101); H01Q 1/273 (20130101); H01Q
9/32 (20130101); H01Q 15/14 (20130101); H01Q
9/285 (20130101); H01Q 21/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
1/24 (20060101); H01Q 9/28 (20060101); H01Q
9/32 (20060101); H01Q 21/24 (20060101); H01Q
1/38 (20060101); H01Q 15/14 (20060101); H01Q
9/04 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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206564336 |
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Oct 2017 |
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CN |
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I572093 |
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Feb 2017 |
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TW |
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I643405 |
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Dec 2018 |
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TW |
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202010180 |
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Mar 2020 |
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TW |
|
Primary Examiner: Smith; Graham P
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hsu; Winston
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 62/854,962, filed May 30, 2019, which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna structure, comprising: a reflector dividing said
antenna structure into a front side and a back side; a horizontally
polarized antenna on said front side of said reflector, wherein
said horizontally polarized antenna comprises a pair of dipoles at
least partially overlapping each other, and each said dipole
comprises a positive ground member and a negative ground member
separated by a slot; a first signal source extending from a back
side of said reflector to said front side through a first opening
of said reflector, wherein said first signal source extends between
said dipoles and extends from one overlapping interval between said
positive ground members of said dipoles to another overlapping
interval between said negative ground members of said dipoles
across said slot to excite said horizontally polarized antenna; a
vertically polarized antenna on said front side of said reflector,
wherein said vertically polarized antenna comprises a upper ground
member and a lower ground member at least partially overlapping
each other, wherein said upper ground member is above upper said
dipole and said lower ground member is below lower said dipole; and
a second signal source extending from said back side of said
reflector to said front side through a second opening of said
reflector, wherein said second signal source extends between said
upper ground member and said lower ground member and extends
vertically toward one of said upper ground member and said second
lower ground member to excite said vertically polarized
antenna.
2. The multilayer stacked antenna structure according to claim 1,
wherein said reflector is made up of multiple stacked metal layers
connected by first vias.
3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein said
horizontally polarized antenna and said vertically polarized
antenna are horizontally-extending portions of said multiple
stacked metal layers of said reflector.
4. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein said pair of
dipoles is symmetrical with respect to and horizontally separated
by said slot.
5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, further comprising
an auxiliary ground plane between said upper ground member and said
lower ground member and right under or right above said second
signal source.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein said
reflector further comprises a first space encircled by said
multiple stacked metal layers and said first vias on said back side
and connecting to said first opening, and said first signal source
extends vertically in said first space and through said first
opening to said front side of said reflector.
7. The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein said
reflector further comprises a second space encircled by said
multiple stacked metal layers and said first vias on said back side
and connecting to said second opening, and said second signal
source extends vertically in said second space and through said
second opening to said front side of said reflector.
8. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein said first
signal source and said second signal source are electrically
connected to a circuit module on said back side of said
reflector.
9. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein vertically
extending portions of said first signal source and said second
signal source are made up of vias.
10. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein said second
opening connects to said slot.
11. The antenna structure according to claim 10, further comprising
second vias connecting said positive ground member and said
negative ground member along edges of said dipoles adjacent to said
slot, and said second signal source is disposed in said slot and
between two rows of said second vias respectively at said pair of
dipoles.
12. The antenna structure according to claim 11, wherein said
second signal source and said first signal source are separated and
decoupled by one said row of said second vias.
13. The antenna structure according to claim 10, further comprising
two rows of third vias respectively at said pair of dipoles,
wherein said third vias are disposed between upper said dipole and
said upper ground member and between lower said dipole and said
lower ground member, and a spacing between said two rows of said
third vias is gradually increased from said second opening to
create a horn-shaped via arrangement.
14. The antenna structure according to claim 1, further comprising
a row of vertically-extending column directors disposed between
said pair of dipoles and aligned with said second signal
source.
15. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein said pair
of dipoles are symmetrical, and said positive ground member and
said negative ground member are ground planes.
16. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein said
positive ground member and said negative ground member are provided
respectively with opposite extending structures in horizontally
extending direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an antenna structure,
and more specifically, to an antenna structure with integrated
horizontally polarized antenna and vertically polarized
antenna.
2. Description of the Related Art
As mobile communication technologies develop, an electronic device,
which is equipped with an antenna module, such as a smartphone, a
wearable device, or the like is widely supplied. The electronic
device may receive or transmit a signal including data (e.g., a
message, a photo, a video, a music file, a game, and the like)
through the antenna.
The antenna module of the electronic device is implemented using a
plurality of antenna elements for the purpose of receiving or
transmitting a signal more efficiently. For example, the electronic
device may include one or more antenna arrays in each of which a
plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a regular shape. A
signal that is received by an electronic device may be polarized in
a specific direction. To receive or transmit a vertically polarized
signal or a horizontally polarized signal, the electronic device
may physically separate the plurality of paths based on a direction
in which a signal is polarized.
Next-generation wireless communication technologies, like 5G mobile
networks or wireless system, may use a millimeter wave (mmWave)
which is substantially greater than or equal to 20 GHz. In order to
overcome a high free space loss due to a frequency characteristic
and to increase an antenna gain, specific horizontally polarized
antennas and specific vertically polarized antennas are required to
receive and transmit vertically polarized signal or horizontally
polarized signal respectively. In addition, to ensure a 360.degree.
coverage at the time of mm-wave communication, the antenna device
is preferably mounted on an edge portion of the electronic device,
such as a corner portion of the circuit board. However, while the
electronic device is gradually becoming slimmer, the thin thickness
as compared to the longitudinal size thereof may not provide a
sufficient length or is not easy to be implemented for vertically
polarized antennas as well as to design a required frequency, and
at least some regions of the antenna modules and circuit module may
overlap or be placed too closer each other. When a plurality of
antenna modules are installed along the periphery of a board, a
polarization loss due to the interference between adjacent antenna
modules is expected. Thus, when the antenna modules are mounted, it
is necessary for the antenna modules to be spaced apart from each
other by a predetermined spacing which unavoidably causes the
integration of the antenna modules to be degraded.
The above information is presented as background information only
to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No
determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to
whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with
regard to the present disclosure.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved antenna structure with
well-integrated horizontally and vertically polarized antennas
arrangement to provide dual polarized transmission in confined
space and prevent the interference between adjacent antenna
modules.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to meet the requirement of next-generation wireless
communication, the present invention hereby provides an antenna
structure with well-integrated horizontally polarized antenna
module and vertically polarized antenna module to provide optimized
radiation performance of the antenna module in dual polarization
manner without mutual interference and make the best use of
confined space in compact electronic devices.
The aspect of present invention is to provide an antenna structure,
including a reflector dividing said antenna structure into a front
side and a back side, a horizontally polarized antenna on said
front side of said reflector, wherein said horizontally polarized
antenna comprises a pair of dipoles at least partially overlapping
each other, and each said dipole comprises a positive ground member
and a negative ground member separated by a slot, a first signal
source extending from a back side of said reflector to said front
side through a first opening of said reflector, wherein said first
signal source extends between said dipoles and extends from one
overlapping interval between said positive ground members of said
dipoles to another overlapping interval between said negative
ground members of said dipoles across said slot to excite said
horizontally polarized antenna, a vertically polarized antenna on
said front side of said reflector, wherein said vertically
polarized antenna comprises a upper ground member and a lower
ground member at least partially overlapping each other, wherein
said upper ground member is above upper said dipole and said lower
ground member is below lower said dipole, and a second signal
source extending from said back side of said reflector to said
front side through a second opening of said reflector, wherein said
second signal source extends between said upper ground member and
said lower ground member and extends vertically toward one of said
upper ground member and said second lower ground member to excite
said vertically polarized antenna.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt
become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading
the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that
is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further
understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated in and
constitute apart of this specification. The drawings illustrate
some of the embodiments and, together with the description, serve
to explain their principles. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the horizontally
polarized antenna module in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the horizontally polarized
antenna module in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the horizontally
polarized antenna module in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the vertically polarized
antenna module in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the vertically polarized antenna
module in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vertically
polarized antenna module in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the multilayer stacked
antenna structure with integrated horizontally polarized antenna
module and vertically polarized antenna module in accordance with
one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the multilayer stacked antenna
structure with integrated horizontally polarized antenna module and
vertically polarized antenna module in accordance with one
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multilayer
stacked antenna structure with integrated horizontally polarized
antenna module and vertically polarized antenna module in
accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the multilayer stacked
antenna structure with integrated horizontally polarized antenna
module and vertically polarized antenna module in accordance with
another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the multilayer stacked
antenna structure with integrated horizontally polarized antenna
module and vertically polarized antenna module in accordance with
still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna array with
arranged antenna structure in accordance with still another
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating the reflection coefficients (i.e.
return loss) and isolation performance according to a frequency of
the antenna structure included in an electronic device in
accordance with the embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 14 is a graph of the reflection coefficients and isolation
performance according to the 1.times.4 antenna array shown in FIG.
12 in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the figures are diagrammatic. Relative
dimensions and proportions of parts of the drawings have been shown
exaggerated or reduced in size, for the sake of clarity and
convenience in the drawings. The same reference signs are generally
used to refer to corresponding or similar features in modified and
different embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In following detailed description of the present invention,
reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part
hereof and is shown by way of illustration and specific embodiments
in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are
described in sufficient details to enable those skilled in the art
to practice the invention. Dimensions and proportions of certain
parts of the drawings may have been shown exaggerated or reduced in
size, for the sake of clarity and convenience in the drawings.
Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and
electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of
the present invention. The following detailed description,
therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of
the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
As used in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the
expressions "include", "may include" and other conjugates refer to
the existence of a corresponding disclosed function, operation, or
constituent element, and do not limit one or more additional
functions, operations, or constituent elements. Further, as used in
various embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "include",
"have", and their conjugates are intended merely to denote a
certain feature, numeral, step, operation, element, component, or a
combination thereof, and should not be construed to initially
exclude the existence of or a possibility of addition of one or
more other features, numerals, steps, operations, elements,
components, or combinations thereof.
Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath," "below," "lower,"
"above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of
description to describe one element or feature's relationship to
another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It
should be readily understood that these meanings such as "on,"
"above," and "over" in the present disclosure should be interpreted
in the broadest manner such that "on" not only means "directly on"
something but also includes the meaning of "on" something with an
intermediate feature or a layer therebetween, and that "above" or
"over" not only means the meaning of "above" or "over" something
but can also include the meaning it is "above" or "over" something
with no intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly
on something).
While expressions including ordinal numbers, such as "first" and
"second", as used in various embodiments of the present disclosure
may modify various constituent elements, such constituent elements
are not limited by the above expressions. For example, the above
expressions do not limit the sequence and/or importance of the
elements. The above expressions are used merely for the purpose of
distinguishing an element from the other elements. For example, a
first user device and a second user device indicate different user
devices although both of them are user devices. For example, a
first element may be termed a second element, and likewise a second
element may also be termed a first element without departing from
the scope of various embodiments of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that if it is described that an element is
"coupled" or "connected" to another element, the first element may
be directly coupled or connected to the second element, and a third
element may be "coupled" or "connected" between the first and
second elements. Conversely, when one component element is
"directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another component
element, it may be construed that a third component element does
not exist between the first component element and the second
component element.
An electronic device according to various embodiments of the
present disclosure may be a device having a function that is
provided through various colors emitted depending on the states of
the electronic device or a function of sensing a gesture or
bio-signal. For example, the electronic device may include at least
one of a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile
phone, a video phone, an e-book reader, a desktop PC, a laptop PC,
a netbook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable
multimedia player (PMP), an MP3 player, a mobile medical device, a
camera, a wearable device (e.g., a head-mounted-device (HMD) such
as electronic glasses, electronic clothes, an electronic bracelet,
an electronic necklace, an electronic appcessory, an electronic
tattoo, or a smart watch).
Hereinafter, a concept of an antenna structure according to various
embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with
reference to FIGS. 1-12, wherein FIGS. 1-3 schematically illustrate
a horizontally polarized antenna portion in the antenna structure,
FIGS. 4-6 schematically illustrate a vertically polarized antenna
portion in the antenna structure, and FIGS. 7-9 schematically
illustrate entire antenna structure with the integrated
horizontally polarized antenna portion and vertically polarized
antenna portion.
Please refer to FIGS. 1-3, the horizontally polarized antenna
structure 100 in perspective view, top view and cross-sectional
view are provided respectively according to the preferred
embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure 100 of
present disclosure may be formed in a substrate 101 through
ordinary photolithography processes, PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
manufacturing process or LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic)
manufacturing process. The substrate 101 may be provided to
support, fix and protect the members of antenna structure 100, with
low loss tangent and proper dielectric constants to fulfill the
requirement of antenna miniaturization and achieve desired
wavelength and speed of propagation of a wave through the medium of
substrate 101. The substrate 101 may be a flexible printed circuit
board or a dielectric board, made of electrically insulating
materials including but not limited to FR4, PPO (polyphenylene
oxide), BT (Bismaleimide Triazine), CEM (Composite Epoxy Material)
resin, glass fiber, ceramic and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethene). The
integrated antenna of the present invention may be implemented in
either a non-multilayer form or a multilayer form. For example,
every component may be first fabricated and then be combined or
moulded on or within a supporting structure (ex. phone case).
Refer still to FIGS. 1-3. A wall-type reflector 103 is formed in
the substrate 101. The reflector 103 serves to reflect
electromagnetic waves radiating by the radiator, increasing gain in
a given direction. The reflector 103 in the embodiment of present
invention is made up of multiple stacked metal layers 105 connected
by first vias 107. The stacked metal layers 105 may be common
copper films, laminated alternatively with insulating layers in a
form of copper-clad laminate (CCL). The pattern of each metal layer
105 and via holes between the metal layers 105 may be formed and
defined individually by photolithography, drilling or screen
printing. With via holes penetrating vertically through every metal
layer 105 and filled with conductive material like copper, multiple
first vias 107 is formed regularly and densely connecting and
cooperating with every stacked metal layer 105 to create a wall
structure for reflecting wave radiated by the radiator. In some
embodiment, the reflector 103 may include more than one
aforementioned wall structures, with first vias 107 arranged and
connected alternatively therebetween. In some embodiment, the
reflector 103 may be in a shape of flat, curved or irregular wall
extending vertically without vias.
In the embodiment, the substrate 101 is divided by the reflector
103 into a front portion 101a for antenna modules and a back
portion 101b for circuit modules. The radiator of the antenna
module is formed from the stacked metal layers 105. Regarding the
front portion 101a, the horizontally polarized antenna structure
100 in the preferred embodiment of present invention is a dipole
antenna in stripline-type transmission to obtain better frequency
band. The radiator is made up of a pair of dipoles, including an
upper dipole 113 and a lower dipole 115 at least partially
overlapping each other and spaced apart vertically by a
predetermined spacing, allowing signal sources to extend
therethrough and excite the radiator. Moreover, each dipole 113,
115 may further include a positive ground member 109 and a negative
ground member 110 separated horizontally by and laterally symmetric
with respect to a slot 111 in the middle of reflector 103.
As shown in FIG. 3, the positive ground member 109 and the negative
ground member 110 may be parts (ex. the horizontally-extending
portions) of the stacked metal layers 105 extending horizontally
from the reflector 103, with their patterns defined concurrently
with the reflector 103 by photolithography or screen printing.
Preferably, the dipoles 113, 115 are set at a horizontal level half
height of the reflector 103 to ensure effective energy reflection
by the reflector 103. In the embodiment, the pattern of dipoles 109
is not limited to the one shown in FIG. 2. The positive ground
member 109 and the negative ground member 110 are provided
respectively with opposite extending structures in horizontally
extending direction, to create a characteristic of 170-degree and
190-degree phase differences in the propagating/horizontal
direction of electromagnetic wave from the first signal source 117,
to generate energy radiation propagating in positive and negative
Y-axis direction for horizontal polarization. The positive ground
member 109 and the negative ground member 110 may be planes or in
polygon shape. Preferably, when the positive ground member 109 and
the negative ground member 110 are in horizontal symmetry, a
180-degree phase difference may be created to achieve best antenna
characteristics. The pair of dipoles 113, 115 in vertically
overlapping configuration may reduce the mutual and negative impact
between horizontally polarized antenna and vertically polarized
antenna, thus the two different antennas may be three-dimensionally
integrated in the same space or position within the substrate
101.
Refer still to FIGS. 1-3. In addition to the dipoles 113 and 115, a
first signal source 117 for horizontal polarization is provided in
the antenna module. The first signal source 117 extends from the
back portion 101b of the substrate 101 to the front portion 101a
through a first opening 103a on the reflector 103, as shown in FIG.
2. More specifically, the path of first signal source 117 starts
from one of the positive ground member 109 and the negative ground
member 110, extends completely along the pattern between the upper
dipole 113 and the lower dipole 115 and reaches the edge of the
ground member 109 or 110 adjacent to the slot 111. The first signal
source 117 would extend across the slot 111, preferably parallel
between the pair of dipoles 113 and 115, and end up at the other
ground member between the upper dipole 113 and the lower dipole
115. The energy emitted from the first signal source 117 would
couple the dipole, i.e. the radiator, when crossing the slot 111
and is transmitted to the upper and lower dipoles 113, 115 thereof
to generate resonance and radiation effect. Accordingly, the energy
of electromagnetic wave is propagated in horizontally polarizing
direction. As shown in FIG. 3, in the embodiment of present
invention, the first signal source 117 may be apart of the metal
layer 105 extending horizontally from the reflector 103, with its
pattern defined concurrently with the reflector 103 by
photolithography.
Refer still to FIGS. 1-3. Regarding the back portion 101b, a first
shielding space 119 is formed by encircling multiple stacked metal
layers 105 and first vias 107. In the embodiment, the first signal
source 117 has a vertical portion 119a extending vertically from
the bottom in the shielding space 119. The vertical portion 119a of
the first signal source 117 and the encircling stacked metal layers
105 may establish a kind of coaxial cable transmission with better
shielding and noise immune characteristics. One end of the vertical
portion 119a extends horizontally to the front portion 101a of the
substrate 101 through the first opening 103a, while the other end
of the vertical portion 119a may electrically connect to the
circuit module of the antenna, such as a radio frequency integrated
circuit (RFIC) on the back portion 101b or a printed circuit board
of an electronic communication device. The vertical portion 119a of
first signal source 117 may be made up of multiple stacked vias
formed in the same process as the first vias 107.
The embodiment described above is the concept of horizontally
polarized antenna in the antenna structure of present invention.
Now, please refer to FIGS. 4-6, which schematically illustrate the
concept of vertically polarized antenna structure 120 in
perspective view, top view and cross-sectional view respectively
according to the preferred embodiment of the present
disclosure.
Similar to the horizontal polarized antenna structure 100, the
vertically polarized antenna structure 120 of present disclosure
may be formed in the same substrate 101 as the horizontal polarized
antenna structure 101 through ordinary semiconductor processes. The
same wall-type, multilayer stacked reflector 103 is formed in the
substrate 101 to reflect electromagnetic waves radiating by signal
sources, increasing gain in a given direction. The radiator of the
vertically polarized antenna module is also formed from the metal
layers 105, however, with different shape and arrangement from the
horizontal polarized ones.
Refer still to FIGS. 4-6, the vertically polarized antenna
structure 120 in the preferred embodiment of present invention is a
magnetoelectric (ME) antenna, different from the dipole antenna
shown in previous embodiment. The radiator is made up of a
rectangular upper ground member 121 and a lower ground member 123
partially or completely overlapping each other with same shape. The
upper ground member 121 and the lower ground member 123 are spaced
apart vertically by a predetermined spacing, allowing signal
sources to extend therethrough and excite the radiator.
As shown in FIG. 6, the upper ground member 121 and the lower
ground member 123, i.e. the radiator, may be parts of the stacked
metal layers 105 extending horizontally from the reflector 103,
with their patterns defined concurrently with the reflector 103 by
photolithography. The spacing between the upper ground member 121
and the lower ground member 123 should be larger enough to provide
sufficient vertically-extending space for the signal source used to
achieve vertical polarization. Preferably, the upper ground member
121 and the lower ground member 123 are set as the top metal and
bottom metal respectively in the stacked metal layer 105, and a
second signal source 125 extends vertically toward one of the upper
ground member 121 and the lower ground member 123 to excite the
vertically polarized antenna.
In the embodiment, the pattern of the upper ground member 121 and
the lower ground member 123 is not limited to the rectangular shown
as shown in FIG. 5. Any proper pattern conforming to the
characteristic of 0-degree and 180-degree phase,
170.about.190-degree phase differences or 180-degree phase
differences to the propagating direction of electromagnetic wave is
adoptable, as long as they are in up-down symmetry and energy
radiation can be propagated in positive and negative Z-axis
direction in extremely slim spacing between the upper and lower
ground members 121, 123 for vertical polarization.
Refer still to FIGS. 4-6. The second signal source 125 for vertical
polarization is provided in the antenna module. The second signal
source 125 extends from the back portion 101b of the substrate 101
to the front portion 101a through a second opening 103b on the
reflector 103, as shown in FIG. 5. More specifically, the path of
second signal source 125 starts in the middle of and extends
preferably perpendicularly to nearly opposite edge of the ground
plane. The whole second signal source 125 should completely extend
between the upper ground member 121 and lower ground member 123 and
should not out of range thereof. The energy emitted from the second
signal source 125 would couple the radiator and is transmitted to
the upper and lower ground member 121, 123 thereof to generate
resonance and radiation effect. Accordingly, the energy of
electromagnetic wave is propagated in vertically polarizing
direction. In the embodiment of present invention, as shown in FIG.
6, the second signal source 125 may be a part of the metal layer
105 extending horizontally from the reflector 103, with its pattern
defined concurrently with the reflector 103 by photolithography,
and the shape of second signal source 125 may be variant to
increase impedance matching.
Refer still to FIGS. 4-6. Regarding the back portion 101b,
similarly, a second shielding space 127 is formed by encircling
multiple stacked metal layers 105 and first vias 107. In the
embodiment, the second signal source 125 has vertical portions 125a
extending vertically from the bottom in the second shielding space
127 and in the spacing between the upper and lower ground member
121, 123. The vertical portion 125a of the second signal source 125
and the encircling stacked metal layers 105 may establish a kind of
coaxial cable transmission with better shielding and noise immune
characteristics. One end of the vertical portion 125a extends
horizontally to the front portion 101a through the second opening
103b, while the other end of the vertical portion 125a may
electrically connect to the circuit module of the antenna, such as
a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) on the back portion
101b or a printed circuit board of an electronic communication
device. Similarly, the vertical portion 125a of second signal
source 125 may be made up of multiple stacked vias formed in the
same process as the first vias 107.
In addition to the upper and lower ground member 121, 123 and the
second signal source 125, an auxiliary ground plane 129 may be
placed between the second upper ground plane 121 and the second
lower ground plane 123 and in a position right under the second
signal source 125 (or right above the signal source if the signal
source extends downwardly). The area of auxiliary ground plane 129
is preferably slightly larger than the portion of the second signal
source 125 in the front portion 101a to adjust the impedance
matching.
In some embodiment, please refer to FIG. 6, the antenna structure
may further include terminals (or connectors, not shown) and
circuit module disposed in the back portion 101b. The grounding pad
and the feeding pad 130 of each antenna may be electrically
connected to a circuit module 132, for example, a phase shifter IC.
The circuit module may further electrically connected to terminals
to connect with the communication unit of an external communication
device to implement wireless communication. In the application of
antenna array, the phase shifter IC may function to adjust the
field pattern and direction of entire antenna to achieve better
communication efficiency.
The embodiment described above is the concept of vertically
polarized antenna in the antenna structure of present invention.
Now, please refer to FIGS. 7-9, which schematically illustrate the
concept of the multilayer stacked antenna structure 130 with
integrated horizontally polarized antenna module and vertically
polarized antenna module in perspective view, top view and
cross-sectional view respectively according to the preferred
embodiment of the present disclosure. The main purpose of present
invention is to provide a multilayer stacked antenna structure with
well-integrated horizontally polarized antenna module and
vertically polarized antenna module, in order to provide optimized
radiation performance of the antenna module in dual polarization
manner without mutual interference and make the best use of
confined space in compact electronic devices. This antenna
structure 130 combines the structures of aforementioned
horizontally polarized antenna structure 100 and vertically
polarized antenna structure 120 into a volume of substrate 101 same
as the embodiments of horizontally polarized antenna module and
vertically polarized antenna module, so that the antenna density in
unit volume is effectively double.
Refer to FIGS. 7-9. The antenna structure 130 with integrated
horizontally polarized antenna module and vertically polarized
antenna module is provided with all of the components describe in
the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3 and FIGS. 4-6, including the wall-type
reflector 103, the pair of dipoles made up of the positive ground
member 109 and the negative ground member 110, the upper and lower
member 121 and 123, the first signal source 117 and the second
signal source 125. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, since the
second signal source for vertically polarized antenna requires
sufficient vertically extending space, the upper dipole 113 and the
lower dipole 115 of horizontally polarized antenna module are
preferably set between the upper and lower ground members 121 and
123. More specifically, the pair of dipoles 113 and 115 is set at a
horizontal level half height of the reflector 103 to ensure
effective energy reflection by the reflector 103, while the upper
and lower ground members 121, 123 are set as the top metal and
bottom metal respectively of the stacked metal layer 105 to provide
sufficient extending space.
Refer still to FIGS. 7-9. Since the first signal source 117 for the
horizontally polarized antenna needs to extend across the slot 111
between the positive ground members 109 and the negative ground
members 110 of the dipoles 113 and 115, the dipoles of horizontally
polarized antenna would preferably extend farther than the upper
and lower ground member 121, 123 of vertically polarized antenna
from the reflector 103 to provide a proper path across the slot 111
without interfering with the second signal source 125 for
vertically polarized antenna. Optionally, multiple second vias 131
are provided in connection with the upper and lower dipoles 113 and
115 along edges adjacent to the slot 111, and the second signal
source 125 is disposed in the slot 111 between two rows of these
second vias 131 respectively at the positive ground members 109 and
the negative ground members 110 of the pair of dipoles 113 and 115.
The first signal source 117 would across the slot 111 at a position
farther than the row of second vias 131 from the reflector 130. The
row of second vias 131 between the first signal source 117 and the
second signal source 125 may function like a shielding to prevent
the interference between vertically polarized source and
horizontally polarized source and obtain better degree of
isolation. Similarly, the first signal source 117 and the second
signal source 125 extend respectively from the first shielding
space 119 and the second shielding space 127 at back portion 101b
through the first opening 103a and the second opening 103b.
Next, refer to FIG. 10, which schematically illustrates a
perspective view of the multilayer stacked antenna structure with
integrated horizontally polarized antenna module and vertically
polarized antenna module in accordance with another embodiment of
the present invention. Some components may be added into the
antenna structure to further improve the propagation of radiating
wave. As shown in FIG. 10, the antenna structure 130 may be
provided with two rows of third vias 133 respectively at the
positive ground members 109 and the negative ground members 110 of
the pair of dipoles 113 and 115. Specifically, the third vias 133
in the embodiment are disposed between the positive ground member
(plane) 109 and the negative ground member (plane) 110 of the upper
dipole 113 and the upper ground member 121 and between the positive
ground member (plane) 109 and the negative ground member (plane)
110 of the lower dipole 115 and the lower ground member 123, and a
spacing S between the two rows of third vias 133 is gradually
increased from the second opening 103b to the other end of
radiators to create a horn-shaped via arrangement. This kind of
horn structure standing between the ground planes may amplify the
propagation of radiating wave in specific direction, while in this
case, in X-axis direction against the reflector 103. The third via
133 is preferably not disposed between the upper dipole 113 and the
lower dipole 115 in case of blocking the path of first signal
source 117. Similarly, the third vias 133 may be made up of
multiple stacked vias formed in the same process as the first vias
107.
Next, please refer to FIG. 11, which schematically illustrates a
perspective view of the multilayer stacked antenna structure with
integrated horizontally polarized antenna module and vertically
polarized antenna module in accordance with another embodiment of
the present invention. A row of vertically-extending column
directors 135 may be provided between the positive ground members
(planes) 109 and the negative ground members (planes) 110 of the
pair of dipoles and selectively aligned with the second signal
source 125. Theses column directors 135 may improve the gain of
vertically polarized antenna module. Similarly, the column
directors 135 may be made up of multiple stacked vias formed in the
same process as the first vias 107.
Next, please refer to FIG. 12, which schematically illustrates a
perspective view of an antenna array with multiple arranged antenna
structures 130 in accordance with still another embodiment of the
present invention. The antenna structures 130 with integrated
horizontally polarized antenna and vertically polarized antenna may
be arranged in a phased array manner to implement the beam forming,
multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave)
technologies for 5G mobile networks or wireless system. Fourth vias
137 provided between each antenna structures 130 may function as a
shielding to prevent mutual interference and improve the degree of
isolation between the antenna structures 130. Similarly, the fourth
vias 137 may be made up of multiple stacked vias formed in the same
process as the aforementioned via structure.
Please refer to FIG. 13, which schematically illustrates a graph of
a reflection coefficient (i.e. return loss) and isolation in a
circuit of two-port network according to a frequency of the antenna
structure 130 in accordance with the embodiment of the present
invention. The solid line 10 represents the reflection coefficient
dB(S(1,1)) of port 1 when matching with port 2. The dash line 20
represents the reflection coefficient dB(S(2,2)) of port 2 when
matching with port 1. The chain line 30 represents the forward
transmission coefficient dB(S(2,1)) from port 1 to port 2 when
matching with port 2. It is indicated in the figure that the
reflection coefficients dB(S(1,1)) and dB(S(2,2)) are both less
than -10 dB at the target frequency about 26.5-29.5 GHz. As such,
it may be verified that the performances of the integrated
horizontally polarized and vertically polarized antenna structure
130 is sufficient to radiate a signal at target frequency. In
addition, it is indicated in the figure that the forward
transmission coefficient dB(S(2,1)) is less than -25 dB at the
target frequency. As such, it may be verified that the horizontally
polarized antenna structure 100 and the vertically polarized
antenna structure 120 are electrically and sufficiently isolated
from each other.
Please refer to FIG. 14, which schematically illustrates a graph of
a reflection coefficient (i.e. return loss) and isolation according
to a frequency of 1.times.4 antenna array shown in FIG. 14 in
accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. In the
figure, the dB(S(H1,H1)) to dB(S(H4,H4)) represent the reflection
coefficient of horizontally polarized antenna in four antenna
structures 130, while dB(S(V1,V1)) to dB(S(V4,V4)) represent the
reflection coefficient of vertically polarized antenna in four
antenna structures 130. It is indicated in the figure that the
eight reflection coefficients about the horizontally and vertically
polarized antenna are all less than -10 dB at the target frequency
about 26.5-29.5 GHz. As such, it may be verified that the
performances of integrated horizontally polarized and vertically
polarized antenna structure 130 is sufficient to radiate a signal
at target frequency.
According to the structures and graph data described in the
aforementioned embodiments. The multilayer stacked antenna
structure provided by the present invention efficiently integrates
the horizontally polarized antenna module and the vertically
polarized antenna module in confined space. The return loss and
transmission coefficients indicate the integrated antenna structure
has optimized radiation performance, even in array arrangement, to
meet the requirement of next-generation wireless communication
technologies
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous
modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made
while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the
above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes
and bounds of the appended claims.
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