U.S. patent number 11,207,487 [Application Number 16/071,186] was granted by the patent office on 2021-12-28 for system for humidification of medical gases.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited. The grantee listed for this patent is Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited. Invention is credited to Richard John Boyes, Christian Francis Fischer, Charlotte Grace Laus, Elmo Benson Stoks.
United States Patent |
11,207,487 |
Boyes , et al. |
December 28, 2021 |
System for humidification of medical gases
Abstract
A humidifier for delivering humidified gases to a patient
includes an inlet, an outlet, a gases flow path extending from the
inlet to the outlet, a permeable wall, a liquid reservoir, and a
heater. The permeable wall separates the gases flow path from the
liquid reservoir. The heater heats liquid stored in the liquid
reservoir to form vapour, and the vapour passes through the
permeable wall to the gases flow path to humidify gases in the
gases flow path. Another inline humidifier for delivering
humidified gases to a patient includes an inlet and an outlet and
holds a tape made of hydrophilic or hygroscopic material. The tape
is pre-soaked with water and can include a heating element. The
heating element heats the tape and the stored water to release the
stored water as vapour and thereby humidify gases passing through
the inline humidifier.
Inventors: |
Boyes; Richard John (Auckland,
NZ), Fischer; Christian Francis (Auckland,
NZ), Laus; Charlotte Grace (Auckland, NZ),
Stoks; Elmo Benson (Auckland, NZ) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited |
Auckland |
N/A |
NZ |
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|
Assignee: |
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare
Limited (Auckland, NZ)
|
Family
ID: |
59362549 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/071,186 |
Filed: |
January 20, 2017 |
PCT
Filed: |
January 20, 2017 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/NZ2017/050005 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
July 19, 2018 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2017/126982 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
July 27, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20210077768 A1 |
Mar 18, 2021 |
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US 20210370012 A9 |
Dec 2, 2021 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62281632 |
Jan 21, 2016 |
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62281612 |
Jan 21, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
16/109 (20140204); A61M 16/1095 (20140204); A61M
16/16 (20130101); A61M 16/142 (20140204); A61M
2205/7536 (20130101); A61M 2206/12 (20130101); A61M
13/003 (20130101); A61M 2205/3653 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
16/16 (20060101); A61M 16/10 (20060101); A61M
16/14 (20060101); A61M 13/00 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1485458 |
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Sep 1977 |
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GB |
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WO 2015/136489 |
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Sep 2015 |
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WO |
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WO 2016/125122 |
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Aug 2016 |
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WO |
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Primary Examiner: Boecker; Joseph D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear,
LLP
Parent Case Text
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS
Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority
claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the
present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37
CFR 1.57. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application No. 62/281,632, filed Jan. 21, 2016, and U.S.
Provisional Application No. 62/281,612, filed Jan. 21, 2016, each
of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A humidifier comprising: an inlet and an outlet and a gases flow
path extending from the inlet to the outlet; a liquid reservoir in
thermal communication with, or configured to be in thermal
communication with in use, a heater; and a permeable wall
separating the liquid reservoir from the gases flow path; wherein,
in use, the heater heats liquid stored in the liquid reservoir to
form vapour, and the vapour passes through the permeable wall to
humidify gases in the gases flow path, wherein the gases flow path
is defined by a spirally wound wall.
2. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is configured
to hold sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume
of gases passing through the humidifier.
3. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the humidifier comprises a
hydrophobic housing.
4. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the permeable wall comprises
a tape.
5. A humidification system comprising the humidifier of any one of
the preceding claims.
6. The humidification system of claim 5, comprising a delivery tube
coupled to the outlet and configured to, at least in part,
transport gases from the humidifier to a patient in use.
7. The humidification system of claim 6, wherein the delivery tube
comprises a second heater or heating mechanism.
8. The humidification system of claim 7, wherein the second heater
or heating mechanism comprises at least one heater wire disposed
within the delivery tube.
9. The humidifier of claim 1, further comprising a housing that
encloses the gases flow path.
10. The humidifier of claim 9, wherein the permeable wall is
positioned between the housing and the heater.
11. The humidifier of claim 9, wherein the reservoir is configured
to be detachable from the housing.
12. The humidifier of claim 9, further comprising a base coupled to
the housing.
13. The humidifier of claim 12, wherein the permeable wall is
positioned between the housing and the base.
14. The humidifier of claim 12, wherein the base comprises a
hydrophobic material and/or a liquid impermeable material.
15. The humidifier of claim 12, wherein the base comprises a
thermally conductive material and/or a thermally insulating
material.
16. The humidifier of claim 9, wherein the inlet and the outlet are
integral with the housing.
17. The humidifier of claim 9, wherein the outlet is positioned at
or near a center of the housing.
18. The humidifier of claim 9, wherein the inlet is positioned at
or near an outer periphery of the housing.
19. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the outlet is positioned at
or near a center of the humidifier.
20. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the inlet is positioned at
or near an outer periphery of the humidifier.
21. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the permeable wall comprises
a hydrophilic material, a hygroscopic material, or a microporous
material.
22. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the heater comprises a
heater plate.
Description
BACKGROUND
Field
The present disclosure generally relates to a system for the
humidification of medical gases. More particularly, the present
disclosure relates to a system for the humidification of medical
gases using an inline humidifier.
Description of the Related Art
A humidification apparatus can be used to provide heated and
humidified gases to a patient via a patient interface for various
purposes, including respiratory therapy and laparoscopic
procedures. In laparoscopic procedures, humidified medical gases
help protect the peritoneum from desiccation and inflammation that
can be caused by cold dry gases used during surgical
procedures.
Pass-over humidification devices supply heated, humidified gases to
a patient. Such humidification systems typically comprise a
humidification apparatus, a humidification chamber, a tube system,
and a patient interface. The humidification apparatus comprises a
heater plate that is configured to heat the humidification chamber.
This causes vapour to form, which enters a flow of gases flowing
through the humidification chamber, humidifying the medical gases.
Such humidification systems can have a large footprint and require
large volumes of liquid for humidification to take place. Heat is
applied to the heater plate of the humidification chamber to form
vapour, meaning the heater plate is hot to touch.
Humidification systems for surgical applications may comprise a
tube with a wicking or absorptive material positioned within the
gases flow path. The wicking or absorptive material connects with
an external liquid supply or reservoir, and liquid travels along
the wick to the gases flow path, for example, via capillary action.
Heat is applied to the wicking material, releasing vapour into the
gases flow path in the tube. Some humidification systems hold
liquid within compartments or reservoirs within the tube. Heat is
applied to the liquid to form vapour, and the vapour moves through
a permeable membrane into the lumen of the tube.
An external liquid supply reduces the portability of the
humidification system, increases the number of set-up steps, and
thus increases the overall complexity of the system. A system with
an external liquid supply also typically requires a large portion
of the limited space within a surgical theatre.
Liquid held in reservoirs within the tube increases the weight and
reduces the flexibility of the tube, thereby making the tube
difficult to manipulate within the surgical space.
SUMMARY
According to a first aspect, a humidifier is provided comprising an
inlet and an outlet and a gases flow path extending from the inlet
to the outlet; a liquid reservoir; in thermal communication with;
or configured to be in thermal communication with in use, a heater;
and a permeable wall separating the liquid reservoir from the gases
flow path; wherein, in use, the heater heats liquid stored in the
liquid reservoir to form vapour, and the vapour passes through the
permeable wall to humidify gases in the gases flow path.
The reservoir is preferably configured to hold sufficient liquid to
produce vapour for an intended volume of gases passing through the
humidifier.
The gases flow path is preferably defined, at least in part, by a
spirally wound wall within the housing.
The humidifier may comprise a hydrophobic housing.
The humidifier preferably comprises a tape. More preferably, the
permeable wall comprises a tape. The tape preferably comprises a
hydrophilic material.
The heater may include one or more heater wires or elements and may
be provided inside the humidifier (i.e. in close proximity to the
reservoir) or adjacent a surface thereof, such as the base.
Alternatively, the humidifier may be configured to thermally couple
with a heater so as to receive heat from another source. For
example, a more conventional humidifier heater arrangement could be
used where the humidifier is adapted to sit on and/or abut a heater
plate. Preferably, where heater elements are positioned outside of
the humidifier, walls of high thermal conductivity are provided to
facilitate heat transfer to the reservoir. Such walls or parts
thereof may, for example, be formed from a metal such as
aluminium.
According to a second aspect, there is provided a humidifier
comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and a tape
disposed within the housing and at least partially defining a gases
flow path through the housing between the inlet and the outlet,
wherein the tape comprises a hydrophilic material configured to
hold a volume of liquid and a heating mechanism configured to heat
liquid held within the hydrophilic material to produce vapour.
The hydrophilic material is preferably configured to hold
sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume of gases
passing through the humidifier. The hydrophilic material may be
configured to be pre-loaded prior to use to cause liquid to be held
within the hydrophilic material.
The tape may be spirally wound within the housing.
The housing may comprise a hydrophobic material.
The heating mechanism preferably comprises at least one heater wire
disposed within and surrounded by the hydrophilic material.
However, other heating arrangements are possible in the same manner
as stated in respect of the first aspect.
The invention also provides a humidification system comprising the
humidifier of the first aspect and/or the second aspect. For
humidification systems comprising both the first and second
aspects, preferably, the wall comprises a tape and/or a tape is
positioned adjacent or affixed to the wall.
The humidification system preferably comprises a delivery tube
coupled to the outlet and configured to, at least in part,
transport gases from the housing to a patient in use.
There is also provided a humidification system comprising a
humidifier comprising an inlet and an outlet and a gases flow path
extending from the inlet to the outlet; a liquid reservoir; a
heater in thermal communication with the liquid reservoir; and a
permeable wall separating the liquid reservoir from the gases flow
path; wherein in use, the heater heats liquid stored in the liquid
reservoir to form vapor, and the vapor passes through the permeable
wall to humidify gases in the gases flow path; and a delivery tube
coupled to the outlet and configured to transport gases from the
housing to a patient in use.
The liquid reservoir may be configured to hold sufficient liquid to
produce vapour for an intended volume of gases passing through the
humidification system.
The gases flow path may be defined by a spirally wound wall within
the housing.
The humidifier may comprise a hydrophobic housing.
The delivery tube may comprises a second heating mechanism. The
second heating mechanism may comprise at least one heater wire
disposed within the delivery tube.
There is also provided a humidification system comprising a
humidifier comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and
a tape disposed within the housing and at least partially defining
a gases flow path through the housing between the inlet and the
outlet, wherein the tape comprises a hydrophilic material
configured to hold a volume of liquid and a heating mechanism
configured to heat liquid held within the hydrophilic material to
produce vapour; and a delivery tube coupled to the outlet and
configured to transport gases from the housing to a patient in
use.
The hydrophilic material may be configured to hold sufficient
liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume of gases passing
through the humidification system.
The hydrophilic material may be configured to be pre-loaded prior
to use to cause liquid to be held within the hydrophilic
material.
The tape may be spirally wound within the housing.
The housing may comprise a hydrophobic material.
The heating mechanism may comprise at least one heater wire
disposed within and surrounded by the hydrophilic material.
The delivery tube may comprise a second heating mechanism. The
second heating mechanism may comprise at least one heater wire
disposed within the delivery tube.
A humidification system is disclosed that comprises an inline
(i.e., in line with a delivery tube or conduit) humidifier to
provide heated and humidified gases to a patient. The
humidification system advantageously requires reduced or minimal
set-up steps due to the inline humidifier design. For example,
there is no need for an external liquid reservoir to supply the
system with sufficient liquid for the surgical procedure.
Similarly, there is no need for a wick to convey liquid into the
tube so that humidification can take place. The inline humidifier
and tube are not dependent on a specific orientation for
functionality, which gives the medical practitioner more freedom to
manipulate the system.
In some embodiments, a humidification system includes a humidifier
and a delivery tube. The humidifier includes a housing having an
inlet and an outlet and a tape disposed within the housing. The
tape at least partially defines a gases flow path through the
housing between the inlet and the outlet. The tape can include a
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material configured to hold a volume of
liquid and a heating mechanism to heat liquid held within the
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material to produce vapour. The delivery
tube is coupled to the outlet and is configured to transport gases
from the housing to a patient in use.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material is
configured to hold sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an
intended volume of gases passing through the humidification system.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material is
configured to be pre-loaded prior to use to cause liquid to be held
within the material. In some embodiments, the tape is spirally
wound within the housing. In some embodiments, the housing
comprises a hydrophobic material. In some embodiments, the heating
mechanism comprises at least one heater wire disposed within and
surrounded by the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material. The delivery
tube can include a second heating mechanism. In some embodiments,
the second heating mechanism comprises at least one heater wire
disposed within the delivery tube.
In some embodiments, a humidifier includes a housing having an
inlet and an outlet and a tape disposed within the housing. The
tape at least partially defines a gases flow path through the
housing between the inlet and the outlet. The tape includes a
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material configured to hold a volume of
liquid and a heating mechanism configured to heat liquid held
within the hydrophilic material to produce vapour. In some
embodiments, the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material is configured
to hold sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume
of gases passing through the humidification system. In some
embodiments, the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material is configured
to be pre-loaded prior to use to cause liquid to be held within the
material. In some embodiments, the tape is spirally wound within
the housing. In some embodiments, the housing comprises a
hydrophobic material. In some embodiments, the heating mechanism
comprises at least one heater wire disposed within and surrounded
by the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material.
In some embodiments, a humidification system includes a humidifier
and a delivery tube. The humidifier includes an inlet, an outlet, a
gases flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet, a liquid
reservoir, a heater in thermal communication with the liquid
reservoir, and a permeable wall separating the liquid reservoir
from the gases flow path. In use, the heater heats liquid stored in
the liquid reservoir to form vapor, and the vapor passes through
the permeable wall to humidify gases in the gases flow path. The
delivery tube is coupled to the outlet and configured to transport
gases from the housing to a patient in use.
In some embodiments, the liquid reservoir is configured to hold
sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume of gases
passing through the humidification system. In some embodiments, the
gases flow path is defined by a spirally wound wall within the
housing. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a
hydrophobic housing. The delivery tube can include a second heating
mechanism. In some embodiments, the second heating mechanism
comprises at least one heater wire disposed within the delivery
tube.
In some embodiments, an inline humidifier includes an inlet, an
outlet, a gases flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet, a
liquid reservoir, a heater in thermal communication with the liquid
reservoir, and a permeable wall separating the liquid reservoir
from the gases flow path. In use, the heater heats liquid stored in
the liquid reservoir to form vapor, and the vapor passes through
the permeable wall to humidify gases in the gases flow path.
In some embodiments, the liquid reservoir is configured to hold
sufficient liquid to produce vapour for an intended volume of gases
passing through the humidification system. In some embodiments, the
gases flow path is defined by a spirally wound wall within the
housing. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a
hydrophobic housing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of a prior art humidification
system.
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of a prior art tube humidification
system.
FIG. 3 illustrates a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a
schematic of an example embodiment of a humidification system
including an inline humidifier.
FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of the humidifier of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 illustrates a rear cross sectional view of the
humidification system of FIG. 3.
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate cross-sectional views of schematics of
various embodiments of tapes that can be included in the humidifier
of FIGS. 3-5.
FIG. 7 illustrates a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a
schematic of an example embodiment of a humidification system
including an inline humidifier.
FIG. 8 illustrates a rear cross sectional view of the
humidification system of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 illustrates a rear view of an example embodiment of a
humidifier for use with the humidification system of FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 illustrates a transverse or diametrical cross-sectional
view of the humidifier of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of the housing of the humidifier
of FIGS. 9-10.
FIG. 12 illustrates a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a
schematic of another example embodiment of a humidification system
including an inline humidifier.
FIG. 13 illustrates a rear cross sectional view of the
humidification system of FIG. 12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art humidification system 100 that is
configured to deliver heated and humidified gases to a patient 101.
The humidification system 100 comprises a humidification apparatus
103, a humidification chamber 105, and a gases source 110. In an
embodiment, the gases source 110 is an insufflator. The
humidification chamber 105 is configured to hold a volume of
liquid, such as water. The humidification apparatus 103 comprises a
heating mechanism configured to heat the water within the
humidification chamber 105 to form water vapour. Gases from the
gases source 110 are heated and humidified as they pass through the
humidification chamber 105, and the conditioned gases are delivered
to the patient 101.
Gases as herein described refers to respiratory gases (for example,
oxygen, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or a combination of any of
these), or surgical gases, (for example, carbon dioxide, nitrous,
oxygen, air, helium, or a mixture of carbon dioxide with nitrous or
oxygen). Other gases or combinations of gases also fall within the
scope of the disclosed apparatus and systems.
FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art humidification system 200 that is
configured to deliver heated and humidified gases to a patient 201.
The humidification system 200 comprises a tube humidifier 205, a
water channel 207, a water supply 209, and a gases source 210. In
an embodiment, the gases source 210 is an insufflator. Gases from
the gases source 210 are delivered to the patient 201 via the tube
humidifier 205. The tube humidifier 205 comprises a wicking
membrane that wicks water via the water channel 207 from the water
supply 209. The wicked water is heated using a heating mechanism,
thereby causing evaporation of the water. The water vapour
generated enters the lumen of the tube humidifier 205, thereby
causing the gases flowing therein to become humidified. The
humidified gases are delivered to the patient 201.
As explained herein, humidification systems such as the system 100
and the system 200 require external liquid supplies (such as liquid
supplies in the humidification chamber 105 or the water supply
209), which can decrease the portability and maneuverability of the
system, increase the number of set-up steps, and increase the
footprint of the system.
FIG. 3 illustrates a side or longitudinal cross-sectional view of
an example embodiment of a humidification system 1100 including an
inline humidifier 1102 according to the present disclosure. As
shown, the humidification system 1100 includes the inline
humidifier 1102 and a delivery tube or conduit 1130. The inline
humidifier 1102 includes a housing 1110, a tape 1120, and one or
more heating elements 1140. The housing 1110 has a gases inlet 1112
and a gases outlet 1114. The gases outlet 1114 is coupled to a
first end of the delivery tube 1130 in use. In some embodiments,
the delivery tube 1130 is permanently coupled to the gases outlet
1114. In some embodiments, the delivery tube 1130 can be removably
coupled to the gases outlet 1114. The delivery tube 1130 can be
provided preassembled to the gases outlet 1114. An opposite, second
end 1134 of the delivery tube 1130 can be coupled to a patient
interface, for example, a laparoscopic cannula, or another
humidification system component in use. In some embodiments, the
humidification system 1100 is disposable. In other embodiments, the
humidification system 1100 can be refillable and/or sterilisable
for reuse.
The housing 1110 can be made of a hydrophobic or any other gases
and/or water impermeable or low permeability material. In some
embodiments, the housing 1110 includes insulation to reduce or
minimize heat transfer with the external environment or atmosphere.
In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 1110 is generally
disc-shaped or circular. However, other shapes are also possible,
for example, quadrilateral, square, trapezoidal, parallelogram, or
other shapes. The gases inlet 1112 is disposed on a front side or
face of the housing 1110, and the gases outlet 1114 is disposed on
an opposite rear side or face of the housing 1110. In other
embodiments, the gases inlet 1112 can be disposed on a rear side of
the housing 1110 or on a side or edge of the housing 1110 and/or
the gases outlet 1114 can be disposed on a front side of the
housing 1110 or on a side or edge of the housing 1110. As shown in
FIG. 3 and the front (viewed from the left of FIG. 3) view of the
humidifier 1102 shown in FIG. 4, the gases inlet 1112 can be
positioned proximate an outer perimeter of the front side of the
housing 1110 or closer to the outer perimeter than a center of the
front side of the housing 1110. As shown in FIG. 3 and the rear
(viewed from the right of FIG. 3) cross-sectional view of the
humidification system 1100 shown in FIG. 5, the gases outlet 1114
can be positioned at or proximate a center of the rear side of the
housing 1110. In other embodiments, the gases inlet 1112 can be
positioned proximate the center of the housing 1110 and the gases
outlet 1114 can be positioned proximate the outer perimeter of the
housing 1110, both the gases inlet 1112 and the gases outlet 1114
can be positioned proximate the center of the housing 1110, both
the gases inlet 1112 and the gases outlet 1114 can be positioned
proximate the outer perimeter of the housing 1110, or the gases
inlet 1112 and the gases outlet 1114 can be positioned at any
position between the center and outer perimeter on either side of
the housing 1110.
The tape 1120 can include or be made of a hydrophilic or
hygroscopic material that can absorb and/or retain a volume of
liquid, such as water. A hygroscopic material attracts and holds
water molecules via adsorption. A hygroscopic material can be
porous, for example, like silica gel or zeolite, and/or can have
surface features to increase the effective area of the material. A
hydrophilic material absorbs water in a vapor and/or liquid state.
A hydrophilic material can be foamed and/or can include surface
features to increase the effective area of the material. For
example, in some embodiments, the tape 1120 can be made of Arnitel
or another hydrophilic material.
The tape 1120 can include the heating elements 1140. The heating
elements 1140 can be placed within, on, or surrounding the tape
1120. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating elements 1140 of
the tape 1120 include two heater wires disposed within and
surrounded by the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material. In use, heat
from the heating elements 1140 causes vapor to be released from the
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material of the tape 1120.
The tape 1120 is disposed within the housing 1110 and arranged to
define a gases flow path 1116 within the housing 1110 between the
gases inlet 1112 and the gases outlet 1114. The tape 1120 can be
spirally wound within the housing 1110 as shown. Other arrangements
for the tape 1120 within the housing 1110 are also possible. A
configuration or arrangement of the tape 1120 that creates a
convoluted embodiment of the gases flow path 1116 can increase the
degree or level of water vapor exchange as described in greater
detail herein. In some embodiments, extrusions of a hydrophilic or
hygroscopic material are arranged in a random, tangled manner in
the housing 1110, similar to a bird nest. Gases can flow freely
through spaces between the extrusions of hydrophilic or hygroscopic
material from the gases inlet 1112 to the gases outlet 1114. The
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material can be heated by a heater plate
or one or more heater wires disposed within the housing 1110. In
some embodiments, the tape 1120 can be arranged to form a 3D spiral
arrangement of the gases flow path 1116, similar to a corkscrew. In
some such embodiments, the housing 1110 can include an internal
liquid reservoir within the internal volume of the corkscrew.
In some embodiments--for example, in the illustrated embodiment in
which the tape 1120 is arranged in a spiral, the gases inlet 1112
is positioned proximate the outer perimeter of the housing 1110,
and the gases outlet 1114 is positioned proximate the center of the
housing 1110--the gases flow path 1116 follows a spiral path from
an outer perimeter of the housing 1110 to a center of the housing
1110. In such an arrangement, gases in the gases flow path 1116
warm as the gases travel inward toward the center of the housing
1110 and to the gases outlet 1114, and the gases are insulated by
gases in portions of the gases flow path 1116 disposed
concentrically outward. If the gases flow path 1116 instead
followed a path from the center of the housing 1110 to the
perimeter of the housing 1110, the warmest gases at the end of the
gases flow path 1116 and at the gases outlet 1114 would be at the
outer perimeter of the housing 1110 and therefore less insulated,
which could reduce the efficiency of the system. A spiral
arrangement of the gases flow path 1116 can advantageously reduce
or minimize flow dead spots in which the flow of gases recirculates
or slows. The tape 1120 can be retained within the housing 1110
and/or retained in the spiral or other arrangement by clips or
other retainers 1160, as shown in FIG. 4.
The humidification system 1100 or the humidifier 1102 can be
supplied sterilized and ready for use. The humidification system
1100, specifically the tape 1120, can be preloaded (e.g., during
manufacturing and assembly or set-up) with a volume of liquid, such
as water (e.g., in liquid form in a hygroscopic material or in
liquid and/or vapor form in a hydrophilic material) prior to a
surgical procedure or other use. In some embodiments, the tape 1120
can hold approximately 30% weight in water after a soak time of one
hour. The tape 1120 can be pre-soaked with a known and desired
quantity of liquid, which can be calculated based on the average
duration of a typical procedure for which the humidification system
1100 is intended to be used. The humidification system 1100
therefore does not require a separate liquid reservoir or delivery
system, and medical personnel need not input liquid into the system
prior to use during set-up. In some embodiments, the humidifier
1102 can be refilled after use for re-use or during use if
needed.
In use, gases enter the housing 1110 through the gases inlet 1112,
flow through the gases flow path 1116, exit the housing 1110
through the gases outlet 1114, flow through the delivery tube 1130,
and are delivered to a patient, patient interface connector, or
other humidification system component at the second end 1134. Power
is supplied to the heating elements 1140 such that the heating
elements 1140 heat the liquid or vapor stored within the tape 1120
to release vapor into the gases flow path 1116. Gases flowing
through the gases flow path 1116 are therefore humidified by the
vapor released from the tape 1120. The heated vapor can also heat
the gases flowing through the gases flow path 1116. The heating
elements 1140 can also directly heat the gases flowing through the
gases flow path 1116. The configuration of the heating elements
1140 can affect the conditions of the gases exiting the gases flow
path 1116. The size and type of the heating elements 1140 can be
determined based on the geometry of the tape 1120 and how the
geometry affects the humidification of heated gases. The
hydrophobic, impermeable, or low permeability material of the
housing 1110 can help hold the vapor within the housing 1110 to
prevent or inhibit the vapor from being released through the
housing 1110 to the atmosphere.
The tape 1120 can be an extruded polymer. A cross-sectional shape
of the tape 1120 can be selected to optimize various factors, for
example, to increase or maximize the surface area of the tape 1120
exposed to the gases flow path 1116 to increase the level of vapor
exchange into gases in the gases flow path 1116. In the illustrated
embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the tape 1120 is
rectangular or generally rectangular. In other embodiments, the
tape 1120 has an elliptical or other cross-sectional shape.
FIG. 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a tape 1120a, an
embodiment of the tape 1120 as used in the embodiment of FIGS. 3-5.
The hydrophilic or hygroscopic material of the tape 1120a has been
pre-soaked with liquid such as water. FIGS. 6B-6C illustrate
schematic cross-sectional views of a tape 1120b and a tape 1120c,
which are alternative embodiments of the tape 1120.
The tape 1120b of FIG. 6B includes an internal liquid reservoir or
cavity 1122 within the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material of the
tape 1120b. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic or hygroscopic
material might not be pre-soaked. Instead, in use, heat from the
heating elements 1140 causes the liquid within the reservoir 1122
to vaporize, and the vapor permeates through the hydrophilic or
hygroscopic material of the tape 1120b into the gases flow path
1116. The liquid reservoir 1122 may be able to be filled more
quickly than the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material of the tape
1120b can absorb liquid via pre-soaking. The liquid reservoir 1122
may therefore reduce manufacturing or assembly time. In some
embodiments, the tape 1120b can include the internal reservoir 1122
and the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material can be pre-soaked so
that both the liquid absorbed by the hydrophilic or hygroscopic
material and the liquid in the reservoir 1122 can contribute to the
humidification of gases in the gases flow path 1116.
The tape 1120c of FIG. 6C also includes an embodiment of the
internal liquid reservoir 1122. In this embodiment, the walls of
hydrophilic or hygroscopic material of the tape 1120c surrounding
the reservoir 1122 are thinner than those of the embodiment of FIG.
6B. Thinner walls of the tape 1120c can allow liquid from the
reservoir 1122 to permeate the hydrophilic or hygroscopic material
and vapor to transfer to the gases flow path 1116 more readily.
Alternatively, thicker walls, as in the embodiment of FIG. 6B, can
provide more structural strength to the tape 1120b.
The liquid reservoir 1122 can be filled and/or refilled in various
ways, for example, by injecting, pumping, or pouring liquid into
the reservoir 1122. In some embodiments, a vacuum can be generated
within the reservoir 1122 by liquid in the reservoir 1122 becoming
vapor and passing through the tape 1120 into the gases flow path
1116. The vacuum can provide a pressure differential to allow for
refilling of the reservoir 1122. The reservoir 1122 can also or
alternatively be refilled using a water or other liquid bag.
In use, the humidified and/or heated gases flowing through the
gases flow path 1116 exit the housing 1110 through the gases outlet
1114 and flow into and through the delivery tube 1130. As shown in
FIG. 3, the delivery tube 1130 can also include one or more heating
elements 1150. The heating elements 1150 can heat and/or help
maintain a temperature of the humidified gases flowing through the
delivery tube 1130 to a patient. The humidification system 1100
therefore can employ a two-stage heating process. The humidifier
1102 can generate humidity at a reasonably or generally consistent
absolute humidity level based on the amount of energy or power
supplied to the heating elements 1140 of the humidifier 1102.
Subsequently, the heating elements 1150 in the delivery tube 1130
can help maintain the temperature of the gases to deliver humidity
to a patient at a reasonably or generally consistent relative
humidity level.
In some embodiments, vapor can be released from a hydrophilic
embodiment of the tape 1120 passively and/or without requiring
heat. The heating elements 1140 therefore may not be required or
included in the humidifier 1102. In some such embodiments, a
concentration gradient drives movement of the water or vapor from
the hydrophilic material of the tape 1120 to the gases flow path
1116.
The humidification system 1100 can include a control system. The
humidification system 1100 can include a power source for supplying
power to the heating elements 1140, 1150 and/or the control system.
The control system can control the power supplied to the heating
elements 1140 to control the amount of heat provided by the heating
elements 1140, which in turn controls or affects the amount of
vapor released from the tape 1120. The humidifier 1102 therefore
provides for passive water vapor delivery and does not require
active control of the vapor delivery.
The control system and/or power source can be external to the
humidifier 1102 and/or the delivery tube 1130. The control system
and/or power source can be housing within or integrated into a
single housing or component. In some embodiments, the control
system and/or power source can be mounted to a surgical tower or an
insufflator. In some embodiments, the control system and/or power
source can be connected to and receive power from a wall
outlet.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an example embodiment of a humidification
system 1200 including an inline humidifier 1202 according to the
present disclosure. As shown, the humidification system 1200
includes the inline humidifier 1202 and a delivery tube or conduit
1230. In the illustrated embodiment, the inline humidifier 1202 is
generally disc-shaped or circular. However, other shapes are also
possible, for example, quadrilateral, square, trapezoidal,
parallelogram, or other shapes. The inline humidifier 1202
advantageously allows the humidification system 1200 to have a
smaller footprint than prior art humidification systems such as
those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 10, the inline humidifier 1202 includes a
housing or cover 1210, a permeable wall or membrane 1220, a liquid
reservoir 1224, a gases flow path 1216, and a heater. In some
embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the inline humidifier 1202
includes a heater plate 1240, and the housing 1210 entirely
surrounds other components of the inline humidifier 1202, including
the heater plate 1240. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10,
the inline humidifier 1202 includes a base 1222 that is coupled to
the housing 1210 and that acts as a heater. The permeable wall 1220
is positioned between the housing 1210 and the base 1222 as shown.
In the illustrated embodiment, the gases flow path 1216 is bordered
by the housing 1210 and the permeable wall 1220, and the liquid
reservoir 1224 is bordered by the permeable wall 1220 and the base
1222. The base 1222 can be made from or include a material that is
hydrophobic or liquid impermeable to contain the liquid within the
reservoir 1224 and that is thermally conductive such that the base
1222 can act as the heater. For example, the base 1222 can be made
of a metal such as aluminium. In some embodiments, the base 1222 is
made of a combination of thermally conductive materials, such that
the base 1222 can act as a heater, and thermally insulating
materials, to help control or limit heat loss to the surrounding
environment or atmosphere.
Outer edges or perimeters of the housing 1210 and the base 1222 can
be coupled together to encase the permeable wall 1220, the liquid
reservoir 1224, and the gases flow path 1216. The housing 1210 and
the base 1222 can be coupled together via an adhesive, welding,
crimping or bending the edges together, or any other suitable
means. As shown in FIG. 10, the edges of the housing 1210, the base
1222, and the permeable wall 1220 can be folded or crimped together
with the edges of the permeable wall 1220 sandwiched between the
edges of the housing 1210 and the edges of the base 1222.
The inline humidifier 1202 has a gases inlet 1212 and a gases
outlet 1214. The gases inlet 1212 can be coupled directly to an
insufflator outlet port or can be coupled to the insufflator outlet
port via a supply tube or conduit. The gases outlet 1214 is coupled
to a first end of the delivery tube 1230 in use. In some
embodiments, the delivery tube 1230 is permanently coupled to the
gases outlet 1214. In some embodiments, the delivery tube 1230 can
be removably coupled to the gases outlet 1214. The delivery tube
1230 can be provided preassembled to the gases outlet 1214. An
opposite, second end 1234 of the delivery tube 1230 is coupled to a
patient interface, for example, a laparoscopic cannula, or another
humidification system component in use. In some embodiments, the
humidification system 1200 is disposable. In other embodiments, the
humidification system 1200 can be refillable and/or sterilisable
for reuse.
The housing 1210 can be made of a hydrophobic or any other gases
and/or water impermeable or low permeability material. In some
embodiments, the housing 1210 includes insulation to reduce or
minimize heat transfer with the external environment or atmosphere.
As shown in FIGS. 9-10, the gases inlet 1212 and the gases outlet
1214 can be disposed or formed in the housing 1210 on a rear side
of the inline humidifier 1202. In other embodiments, the gases
inlet 1212 can be disposed on a front side of the inline humidifier
1202 as shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., disposed or formed in the base 1222
of FIG. 10 or a front side of the housing 1210 of FIG. 7) or on a
side or edge of the inline humidifier 1202 (e.g., a side or edge of
the housing 1210) and/or the gases outlet 1214 can be disposed on a
front side of the inline humidifier 1202 or on a side or edge of
the inline humidifier 1202 (e.g., on a side or edge of the housing
1210).
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9-10, the gases inlet 1212 can be
positioned proximate an outer perimeter of the inline humidifier
1202 or closer to the outer perimeter than a center of the inline
humidifier 1202. The gases outlet 1214 can be positioned at or
proximate a center of the inline humidifier 1202. In other
embodiments, the gases inlet 1212 can be positioned proximate the
center of the inline humidifier 1202 and the gases outlet 1214 can
be positioned proximate the outer perimeter of the inline
humidifier 1202, both the gases inlet 1212 and the gases outlet
1214 can be positioned proximate the center of the inline
humidifier 1202, both the gases inlet 1212 and the gases outlet
1214 can be positioned proximate the outer perimeter of the inline
humidifier 1202, or the gases inlet 1212 and the gases outlet 1214
can be positioned at any position between the center and outer
perimeter on either side of the inline humidifier 1202.
The permeable wall 1220 separates the liquid reservoir 1224 from
the gases flow path 1216. The permeable wall 1220 is permeable to
vapor but is substantially impermeable to gases and liquid. The
permeable wall 1220 can be made of a polymer, fiber, paper, or
other material. The permeable wall 1220 can be made of a porous or
non-porous material. If the permeable wall 1220 is made of a porous
material, the cells of the porous material can be open or closed in
different percentages. The percentage of open and closed cells of
the porous material can be controlled by the void size and void
fraction. In some embodiments of the permeable wall 1220, an outer
layer of closed cells can be created in an otherwise open cell
material by quickly cooling the outer surface of the material after
extrusion. The permeable wall 1220 can be made of a non-porous
material such as Arnitel or Estane. The permeable wall 1220 can be
made of a porous material such as foamed Arnitel or foamed Estane.
The permeable wall 1220 can be made in the form of a film, mesh,
web, or a foamed variant of a film, mesh, or web.
In some embodiments, the permeable wall 1220 can include or be made
of a hydrophilic, hygroscopic, or microporous material. A
hydrophilic material absorbs water in a vapor and/or liquid state.
A hydrophilic material can be foamed and/or can include surface
features to increase the effective area of the material. A
microporous material, e.g., Gore-Tex, is formed in such a way that
a pore size of the material is small enough to prevent or inhibit
liquid (e.g., water) from passing through but large enough to allow
vapor (e.g., water vapor) to pass through.
The permeable wall 1220 can be thin and designed to have a high
surface area in contact with the liquid in the reservoir 1224 and
the gases in the gases flow path 1216 to improve or optimize
exchange of vapor into the gases. The permeable wall 1220 can have
surface features to increase the effective surface area of the
hydrophilic, hygroscopic, or microporous material. Such surface
features can be positioned on either or both sides (i.e., the side
in contact with the gases flow path 1216 and/or the side in contact
with the liquid reservoir 1224) of the permeable wall 1220. For
example, the permeable wall 1220 can have a textured finish, such
as, for example, a finish resembling sandpaper. As another example,
the permeable wall 1220 can have a pattern of protrusions,
microstructures, and/or microchannels. The surface features can be
applied to the permeable wall 1220 after extrusion or other
processing of the material or can be formed integrally with the
permeable wall 1220 during extrusion or other processing.
When prepared for use, the reservoir 1224 contains a liquid such as
water. The reservoir 1224 is in thermal communication with the base
1222 or the heater 1240. In use, power is provided to the base 1222
or the heater 1240, and heat from the base 1222 or the heater 1240
heats the liquid in the reservoir 1224 to create vapor. The vapor
then passes through the permeable wall 1220 to the gases flow path
1216, where the vapor humidifies gases flowing through the gases
flow path 1216. The base 1222 or the heater 1240 can be a
resistance heater and can allow for improved or optimum transfer of
energy into the reservoir 1224.
A wall 1218 within the inline humidifier 1202 defines the gases
flow path 1216 extending between the inlet 1212 and the outlet
1214. The wall 1218 can be coupled to or integrally formed with an
inside surface of the housing 1210 as shown in FIGS. 10-11. In
other embodiments, the wall 1218 can extend from, be coupled to, or
be integrally formed with the permeable wall 1220. In some
embodiments, the wall 1218 can be formed by a separate insert
disposed between the permeable wall 1220 and the housing 1210. In
the illustrated embodiment, the wall 1218 is formed in a spiral to
define a spiral arrangement of the gases flow path 1216. Other
arrangements for the wall 1218 and the gases flow path 1216 are
also possible. An arrangement that creates a convoluted or tortuous
arrangement of the gases flow path 1216 can increase the amount of
time gases in the gases flow path 1216 are in contact with the
permeable wall 1220 and therefore can increase the degree or level
of water vapor exchange as described in greater detail herein. In
the illustrated embodiment, the wall 1218 extends perpendicularly
from the rear side or surface of the housing 1210 and has a
rectangular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the wall
1218 can extend (from the housing 1210, from the permeable wall
1220, or as an insert separate from the permeable wall 1220 and/or
the housing 1210) at an angle other than 90.degree. relative to the
rear side or surface of the housing 1210. The wall 1218 can have a
cross-sectional shape other than rectangular.
In some embodiments, for example, in the illustrated embodiment in
which the wall 1218 and the gases flow path 1216 are arranged in a
spiral, the inlet 1212 is positioned proximate the outer perimeter
of the housing 1210, and the outlet 1214 is positioned proximate
the center of the housing 1210, the gases flow path 1216 follows a
spiral path from an outer perimeter of the housing 1210 to a center
of the housing 1210. In such an arrangement, gases in the gases
flow path 1216 become warmer as the gases travel inward toward the
center of the housing 1210 and to the outlet 1214, and the gases
are insulated by gases in portions of the gases flow path 1216
disposed concentrically outward. If the gases flow path 1216
instead followed a path from the center of the housing 1210 to the
perimeter of the housing 1210, the warmest gases at the end of the
gases flow path 1216 and at the outlet 1214 would be at the outer
perimeter of the housing 1210 and therefore less insulated, which
could reduce the efficiency of the system. A spiral arrangement of
the gases flow path 1216 can advantageously reduce or minimize flow
dead spots in which the flow of gases recirculates or slows and/or
can help minimize pressure losses. A gases flow path having corners
and features around which the gases must flow can cause resistance
to flow and increase the pressure drop through the humidifier
1202.
The humidification system 1200 or the humidifier 1202 can be
supplied sterilized and ready for use. The humidification system
1200, specifically the reservoir 1224, can be prefilled (e.g.,
during manufacturing and assembly or set-up) with a volume of
liquid, such as water, prior to a surgical procedure or other use.
In some embodiments, the reservoir 1224 can be sized to hold a
volume of liquid sufficient for an average duration of a typical
procedure (e.g., a laparoscopic procedure or open procedure) for
which the humidification system 1200 is intended to be used. The
humidification system 1200 therefore does not require a separate
liquid reservoir or delivery system outside of the humidifier 1202,
and medical personnel need not input liquid into the system prior
to use during set-up. In some embodiments, the humidifier 1202 can
be refilled after use for re-use or during use if needed.
In use, gases enter the humidifier 1202 through the gases inlet
1212, flow through the gases flow path 1216, exit the humidifier
1202 through the gases outlet 1214, flow through the delivery tube
1230, and are delivered to a patient, patient interface connector,
or other humidification system component at the second end 1234.
Power is supplied to the base 1222 or the heater 1240 such that the
base 1222 or the heater 1240 heats the liquid stored in the
reservoir 1224 to form vapor that can then pass through the
permeable wall 1220 into the gases flow path 1216. Gases flowing
through the gases flow path 1216 are therefore humidified by the
vapor passing through the permeable wall 1220. The heated vapor can
also heat the gases flowing through the gases flow path 1216. The
hydrophobic, impermeable, or low permeability material of the
housing 1210 can help hold the vapor within the housing 1210 and
prevent or inhibit the vapor from being released through the
housing 1210 to the atmosphere.
The liquid reservoir 1224 can be filled and/or refilled in various
ways, for example, by injecting, pumping, or pouring liquid into
the reservoir 1224. In some embodiments, a vacuum can be generated
within the reservoir 1224 by liquid in the reservoir 1224 becoming
vapor and passing through the permeable wall 1220 into the gases
flow path 1216. The vacuum can provide a pressure differential to
allow for refilling of the reservoir 1224. The reservoir 1224 can
also or alternatively be refilled using a water or other liquid
bag. In some embodiments, the reservoir 1224 is detachable from the
humidifier 1202 such that the reservoir 1224 can be refilled and/or
replaced.
In some embodiments, the humidifier 1202 or the humidification
system 1200 can include a supplemental liquid storage section. A
longer medical procedure, or a procedure with higher gas flow
requirements such as open surgery, may require greater amounts of
liquid to ensure the required or desired relative humidity is
maintained for the duration of the procedure. A supplemental liquid
storage section can provide additional liquid storage and supply in
addition to the liquid stored in the liquid reservoir 1224. In some
embodiments, only the reservoir 1224 is in contact with the
permeable wall 1220. The reservoir 1224 and the supplemental liquid
storage section can be connected such that liquid can pass between
the reservoir 1224 and the supplemental liquid storage section. For
example, in some embodiments, a supplemental liquid storage section
is connected to the reservoir 1224 via a connector, such as a tube,
that allows liquid to flow between the reservoir 1224 and the
supplemental storage section. The connector can be sized such that
a flow rate between the supplemental storage section and the
reservoir 1224 is greater than, but close to, a rate of vapor
transfer through the permeable wall 1220. Liquid can be transferred
from the supplemental storage section to the reservoir 1224 via
gravity, active means such as a pump, and/or passive means such as
a wicking material.
In some embodiments, the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental
storage section can be detachable from the humidifier 1202 and may
therefore be replaceable. In some embodiments, the reservoir 1224
and/or the supplemental storage section are integrally formed or
permanently coupled to or disposed within the humidifier 1202. The
reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental storage section can be
sealed and not refillable. In other embodiments, the reservoir 1224
and/or the supplemental storage section can be refillable with the
use of specialized tools and/or a specialized process. Requiring
specialized tools and/or a specialized process can restrict the
ability of unqualified individuals to tamper with the reservoir
1224 and/or the supplemental storage section. In some embodiments,
the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental storage section has an
opening through which the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental
storage section can be filled or refilled. The opening can be
covered and sealed (either temporarily such that the reservoir
and/or supplemental storage section can be refilled or permanently
after initial manufacturing and assembly) with a lid, cap, or other
sealing apparatus to seal the reservoir 1224 and/or the
supplemental storage section from the external environment. The
seal can be gas and/or liquid tight. If the reservoir 1224 and/or
the supplemental storage section are sealed in a gas tight manner,
the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental storage section can
include a bleed valve (not shown). The bleed valve allows air into
the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental storage section to help
equalize pressure within the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental
storage section with the pressure of the external environment. In
some embodiments, at least a portion of the permeable wall 1220 can
be gases permeable and can act as a bleed valve to allow gases from
the gases flow path 1216 to pass through the portion of the
permeable wall 1220 into the reservoir 1224 and/or the supplemental
storage section to help equalize the pressure.
In use, the humidified and/or heated gases flowing through the
gases flow path 1216 exit the housing 1210 through the gases outlet
1214 and flow into and through the delivery tube 1230. As shown in
FIG. 7, the delivery tube 1230 can also include one or more heating
elements 1250. The heating elements 1250 can heat and/or help
maintain a temperature of the humidified gases flowing through the
delivery tube 1230 to a patient. The humidification system 1200
therefore can employ a two-stage heating process. The humidifier
1202 can generate humidity at a reasonably or generally consistent
absolute humidity level based on the amount of energy or power
supplied to the base 1222 or the heater plate 1240. Subsequently,
the heating elements 1250 in the delivery tube 1230 can help
maintain the temperature of the gases to deliver humidity to a
patient at a reasonably or generally consistent relative humidity
level.
In some embodiments, vapor can pass through a hydrophilic
embodiment of the permeable wall 1220 passively and/or without
requiring heat. The heater plate 1240 therefore may not be required
or included in the humidifier 1202, or the base 1222 may not need
to act as a heater. In some such embodiments, a concentration
gradient drives movement of the water or vapor across the permeable
wall 1220 to the gases flow path 1216.
The humidification system 1200 can include a control system. The
humidification system 1200 can include a power source for supplying
power to the base 1222, the heater plate 1240, the heating elements
1250, and/or the control system. The control system can control the
power supplied to the base 1222 or the heater plate 1240 to control
the amount of heat provided by the base 1222 or the heater plate
1240, which in turn controls or affects the amount of vapor that is
formed and passes through the permeable wall 1220 to the gases flow
path 1216. The humidifier 1202 can therefore provide for passive
water vapor delivery and does not require active control of the
vapor delivery. The control system can also or alternatively
control the power supplied to the heating elements 1250 to control
or affect a temperature of gases flowing in the delivery tube 1230
and delivered to a patient.
The control system and/or power source can be external to the
humidifier 1202 and/or the delivery tube 1230. The control system
and/or power source can be housed within or integrated into a
single housing or component. In some embodiments, the control
system and/or power source can be mounted to a surgical tower or an
insufflator. In some embodiments, the control system and/or power
source can be connected to and receive power from a wall
outlet.
FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate another example embodiment of a
humidification system 1300 including an inline humidifier 1302
according to the present disclosure. The humidifier 1302 includes a
housing 1310 having an inlet 1312 and an outlet 1314, a heater
1340, and a permeable tube 1320. In the illustrated embodiment, the
permeable tube 1320 is disposed in a spiral, although other
configurations are also possible. The permeable tube 1320 can
define or surround a liquid reservoir therein, and a gases flow
path can be defined around the permeable tube 1320 between the
inlet 1312 and the outlet 1314. The permeable tube 1320 can be in
thermal communication with the heater 1340. In use, power can be
supplied to the heater 1340 to heat the liquid within the tube 1320
to form vapor, and the vapor can pass through the permeable wall of
the tube 1320 into the gases flow path. In some embodiments, the
permeable tube 1320 can define or surround the gases flow path, and
the permeable tube 1320 can be disposed in a liquid reservoir
within the housing 1310 in thermal communication with the heater
1340. In use, power can be supplied to the heater 1340 to heat the
liquid in the reservoir to form vapor, and the vapor can pass
through the permeable wall of the tube 1320 into the gases flow
path within the tube 1320.
The humidification system 1300 can include a control system and/or
power source and/or can share other features described herein with
respect to the humidification system 1100 and the humidification
system 1200.
Reference throughout this specification to "permeable" materials,
including but not limited to permeable walls and membranes, should
be understood to include materials that generally allow the passage
or diffusion of vapour, but generally inhibit the passage or
diffusion of liquid and gases, through the material. Such materials
can also be referred to as breathable materials.
Although reference has been made throughout this specification
regarding surgical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, the
disclosed apparatus and systems can be applied to different medical
fields, for example, respiratory assistance or therapy systems.
It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the
presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent
to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be
made without departing from the spirit and scope of the apparatus
and systems of the disclosure and without diminishing its attendant
advantages. For instance, various components may be repositioned as
desired. It is therefore intended that such changes and
modifications be included within the scope of the apparatus and
systems of the disclosure. Moreover, not all of the features,
aspects and advantages are necessarily required to practice the
present apparatus and systems of the disclosure. Accordingly, the
scope of the present apparatus and systems of the disclosure is
intended to be defined only by the claims that follow.
Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should
not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that
that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in the
field of endeavour in any country in the world.
Wherein the foregoing description reference has been made to
integers or components having known equivalents thereof, those
integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the
description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and
the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to
an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of
"including, but not limited to"
The apparatus and system of the disclosure may also be said broadly
to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or
indicated in the specification of the application, individually or
collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of said
parts, elements or features.
Although this disclosure has been described in the context of
certain embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those
skilled in the art that the disclosure extends beyond the
specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments
and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In
addition, while several variations of the embodiments of the
disclosure have been shown and described in detail, other
modifications, which are within the scope of this disclosure, will
be readily apparent to those of skill in the art. It is also
contemplated that various combinations or sub-combinations of the
specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and
still fall within the scope of the disclosure. For example,
features described above in connection with one embodiment can be
used with a different embodiment described herein and the
combination still fall within the scope of the disclosure. It
should be understood that various features and aspects of the
disclosed embodiments can be combined with, or substituted for, one
another in order to form varying modes of the embodiments of the
disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the disclosure
herein should not be limited by the particular embodiments
described above. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, or unless
clearly incompatible, each embodiment of this invention may
comprise, additional to its essential features described herein,
one or more features as described herein from each other embodiment
of the invention disclosed herein.
Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in
conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to
be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or
example described in this section or elsewhere in this
specification unless incompatible therewith. All of the features
disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims,
abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or
process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except
combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are
mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details
of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel
one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this
specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and
drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the
steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Furthermore, certain features that are described in this disclosure
in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented
in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various
features that are described in the context of a single
implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations
separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although
features may be described above as acting in certain combinations,
one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases,
be excised from the combination, and the combination may be claimed
as a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
Moreover, while operations may be depicted in the drawings or
described in the specification in a particular order, such
operations need not be performed in the particular order shown or
in sequential order, or that all operations be performed, to
achieve desirable results. Other operations that are not depicted
or described can be incorporated in the example methods and
processes. For example, one or more additional operations can be
performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the
described operations. Further, the operations may be rearranged or
reordered in other implementations. Those skilled in the art will
appreciate that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the
processes illustrated and/or disclosed may differ from those shown
in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps
described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore,
the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed
above may be combined in different ways to form additional
embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present
disclosure. Also, the separation of various system components in
the implementations described above should not be understood as
requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be
understood that the described components and systems can generally
be integrated together in a single product or packaged into
multiple products.
For purposes of this disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and
novel features are described herein. Not necessarily all such
advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular
embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will
recognize that the disclosure may be embodied or carried out in a
manner that achieves one advantage or a group of advantages as
taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may
be taught or suggested herein.
Conditional language, such as "can," "could," "might," or "may,"
unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood
within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that
certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not
include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such
conditional language is not generally intended to imply that
features, elements, and/or steps are in any way required for one or
more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily
include logic for deciding, with or without user input or
prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or steps are
included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
Conjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and
Z," unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood
with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term,
etc. may be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is
not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require
the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least
one of Z.
Language of degree used herein, such as the terms "approximately,"
"about," "generally," and "substantially" as used herein represent
a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value,
amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or
achieves a desired result. For example, the terms "approximately",
"about", "generally," and "substantially" may refer to an amount
that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within
less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than
0.01% of the stated amount. As another example, in certain
embodiments, the terms "generally parallel" and "substantially
parallel" refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that departs
from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15 degrees, 10
degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, 1 degree, 0.1 degree, or
otherwise.
The scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited
by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments in this
section or elsewhere in this specification, and may be defined by
claims as presented in this section or elsewhere in this
specification or as presented in the future. The language of the
claims is to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed
in the claims and not limited to the examples described in the
present specification or during the prosecution of the application,
which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive.
* * * * *