U.S. patent number 11,194,209 [Application Number 15/760,577] was granted by the patent office on 2021-12-07 for smart window system and control method therefor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.. The grantee listed for this patent is Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Jun Cheol Bae, Ji Su Jung, Hong Suk Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Tatsuhiro Otsuka, Jong Hyun Ryu, Byung Hwa Seo, Hyun Min Song.
United States Patent |
11,194,209 |
Bae , et al. |
December 7, 2021 |
Smart window system and control method therefor
Abstract
The present disclosure is directed to providing to a smart
window system capable of controlling a state of a display element
(e.g., at least one of transparency, color, pattern, gradation
degree, and displayed information) through various kinds of input
devices and a control method thereof. In accordance with one aspect
of the present disclosure, a smart window system may include a
display element; an input device configured to receive a control
command for the display element; and a controller configured to
determine at least one of transparency, color, pattern, and
gradation of the display element and information displayed on the
display element on the basis of the control command.
Inventors: |
Bae; Jun Cheol (Suwon-si,
KR), Song; Hyun Min (Suwon-si, KR), Ryu;
Jong Hyun (Suwon-si, KR), Jung; Ji Su (Yongin-si,
KR), Kim; Yong Ho (Seoul, KR), Kim; Hong
Suk (Seoul, KR), Seo; Byung Hwa (Seongnam-si,
KR), Otsuka; Tatsuhiro (Suwon-si, KR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. |
Suwon-si |
N/A |
KR |
|
|
Assignee: |
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
(Suwon-si, KR)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005977657 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/760,577 |
Filed: |
September 5, 2016 |
PCT
Filed: |
September 05, 2016 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/KR2016/009898 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
March 15, 2018 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2017/047958 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
March 23, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20180259804 A1 |
Sep 13, 2018 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Sep 15, 2015 [KR] |
|
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10-2015-0130030 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02F
1/137 (20130101); E06B 9/24 (20130101); H04M
1/725 (20130101); G02F 1/13306 (20130101); B60J
3/04 (20130101); G06F 3/01 (20130101); G02F
1/13718 (20130101); G02F 1/13478 (20210101); G02F
2202/04 (20130101); E06B 2009/2417 (20130101); G02F
2203/48 (20130101); G02F 2202/36 (20130101); G02F
1/13737 (20130101); G02F 1/13318 (20130101); E06B
2009/2464 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G02F
1/137 (20060101); E06B 9/24 (20060101); G06F
3/01 (20060101); B60J 3/04 (20060101); G02F
1/1347 (20060101); H04M 1/725 (20210101); G02F
1/133 (20060101); G02F 1/1333 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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103210345 |
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Jul 2013 |
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CN |
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103959436 |
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Jul 2014 |
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CN |
|
102011015950 |
|
Oct 2012 |
|
DE |
|
2515164 |
|
Oct 2012 |
|
EP |
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10-2004-0006941 |
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Jan 2004 |
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KR |
|
10-2007-0058149 |
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Jun 2007 |
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KR |
|
20070058149 |
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Jun 2007 |
|
KR |
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10-2011-0068336 |
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Jun 2011 |
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KR |
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10-2013-0112521 |
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Oct 2013 |
|
KR |
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10-1542684 |
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Aug 2015 |
|
KR |
|
101542684 |
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Aug 2015 |
|
KR |
|
101542684 |
|
Aug 2015 |
|
KR |
|
101773817 |
|
Sep 2017 |
|
KR |
|
2005/024501 |
|
Mar 2005 |
|
WO |
|
Other References
European Patent Office, "Supplementary European Search Report,"
Application No. EP 16846779.3, dated Oct. 12, 2018, 13 pages. cited
by applicant .
ISA/KR, "International Search Report and Written Opinion of the
International Searching Authority," International Application No.
PCT/KR2016/009898, dated Dec. 14, 2016, 14 pages. cited by
applicant .
Supplementary Partial European Search Report dated Jul. 6, 2018 in
connection with European Patent Application No. 16 84 6779. cited
by applicant .
Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC dated Feb. 21, 2020 in
connection with European Patent Application No. 16 846 779.3, 3
pages. cited by applicant .
Office Action dated Sep. 1, 2020 in connection with Chinese Patent
Application No. 201680066745.5, 26 pages. cited by applicant .
Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC dated Sep. 28, 2020 in
connection with European Patent Application No. 16 846 779.3, 12
pages. cited by applicant .
Office Action dated Feb. 22, 2021 in connection with India Patent
Application No. 201817014025, 6 pages. cited by applicant .
Office Action dated May 18, 2021 in connection with Chinese Patent
Application No. 201680066745.5, 23 pages. cited by
applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Glick; Edward J
Assistant Examiner: Quash; Anthony G
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A smart window system comprising: a display element comprising:
a transparency adjustment layer is configured to: switch to a
transparent mode or an opaque mode depending on whether power is
applied, and operate in the opaque mode when no electric field is
applied to the transparency adjustment layer; and a liquid crystal
layer disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment layer, the
liquid crystal layer configured to reflect light having certain
wavelengths to implement certain colors, the liquid crystal layer
has a structure in which a first layer and a second layer are
bonded to each other by using a buffer layer as a boundary
therebetween, and cholesteric liquid crystals with different types
of chirality are contained in the first layer and the second layer;
an input device configured to receive a control command for the
display element; and a controller configured to determine at least
one of transparency, color, pattern, and gradation of the display
element and information displayed on the display element on a basis
of the control command, wherein the display element further
comprises a quantum layer including a liquid crystal molecule and a
quantum rod having a surface to which surfactant is bonded.
2. The smart window system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor
unit configured to collect ambient information to control a state
of the display element, wherein the sensor unit includes at least
one of an illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor, a distance
sensor, a voice sensor, and a gesture sensor.
3. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein the transparency
adjustment layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule and
a black dye configured to form a helical structure along with the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule.
4. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein the transparency
adjustment layer is further configured to: operate in the
transparent mode when an electric field is applied to the
transparency adjustment layer.
5. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid crystal
layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal layers configured to
reflect light having different wavelength ranges, and the plurality
of liquid crystal layers are stacked vertically with respect to the
display element or horizontally with respect to a virtual plane
parallel to the display element.
6. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal
molecule includes at least one of a cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule and a nematic liquid crystal molecule.
7. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein the quantum layer is
arranged horizontally with respect to a virtual plane parallel to
the display element.
8. The smart window system of claim 1, wherein: the surfactant is
bonded to at least one of both ends of the quantum rod, and the
surfactant has a portion bonded to the quantum rod and having a
property of being favorable to the quantum rod and another portion
having a property of being favorable to the liquid crystal
molecule.
9. The smart window system of claim 1, further comprising a
communicator configured to receive the control command for the
display element from the input device.
10. A control method of a smart window system including an input
device configured to receive a control command for a display
element including a quantum layer including a liquid crystal
molecule and a quantum rod having a surface to which surfactant is
bonded; and a smart window device including the display element
including a transparency adjustment layer switched to a transparent
mode or an opaque mode depending on whether power is applied and a
liquid crystal layer disposed adjacent to the transparency
adjustment layer, the liquid crystal layer has a structure in which
a first layer and a second layer are bonded to each other by using
a buffer layer as a boundary therebetween, and cholesteric liquid
crystals with different types of chirality are contained in the
first layer and the second layer, and a communicator configured to
receive the control command for the display element from the input
device, the control method comprising: operating the transparency
adjustment layer in the opaque mode when no electric field is
applied to the transparency adjustment layer; receiving the control
command for the display element through the input device;
delivering the control command to the display element through the
communicator; adjusting power applied to at least one of the
transparency adjustment layer and the liquid crystal layer
according to the control command to control at least one of
transparency, color, pattern, and gradation of the display element
and information displayed on the display element; and wherein
adjusting the power comprises adjusting the power applied to the
liquid crystal layer to reflect light having certain wavelengths to
implement certain colors.
11. The control method of claim 10, further comprising setting a
control mode of the display element to an automatic mode or a
manual mode.
12. The control method of claim 10, further comprising collecting
ambient information, wherein a state control condition of the
display element is determined according to the collected ambient
information, and a state of the display element is controlled
according to the state control condition.
13. The control method of claim 10, further comprising: operating
in the transparent mode when an electric field is applied to the
transparency adjustment layer.
14. The control method of claim 10, further comprising: reflecting
light having different wavelength ranges using a plurality of
liquid crystal layers in the liquid crystal layer.
15. The control method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of liquid
crystal layers are stacked vertically with respect to the display
element or horizontally with respect to a virtual plane parallel to
the display element.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY
The present application is a 371 of International Application No.
PCT/KR2016/009898 filed on Sep. 5, 2016, which claims priority to
Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0130030 filed on Sep. 15,
2015, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference
in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a smart window system using a
cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) and a control method therefor.
BACKGROUND
A smart window generally refers to a window capable of controlling
the amount of light or heat passing through the window by varying
light transmittance when a voltage is applied to the window. That
is, a smart window can be changed to a transparent, opaque, or
translucent state by an applied voltage, and is also called a
variable transmittance glass, a dimmer glass, or a smart glass.
Recently, various methods for implementing a smart window have been
proposed. In particular, research is being conducted on a method of
changing light transmittance by means of a cholesteric liquid
crystal (CLC).
SUMMARY
According to an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to
providing to a smart window system capable of controlling a state
of a display element (e.g., at least one of transparency, color,
pattern, gradation degree, and displayed information) through
various kinds of input devices and a control method thereof.
Specifically, the present disclosure is directed to providing a
smart window system capable of controlling a state of a display
element through a mobile device such as a smartphone, an
input/control device installed at a front portion of a vehicle such
as an AVN (Audio/Video/Navigation) device, a sensor such as an
illuminance sensor, and a vehicle operating unit such as a dial
operating unit and a control method thereof.
According to another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to
providing a display element including a transparency adjustment
layer in which a black dye is mixed with a cholesteric liquid
crystal.
According to still another aspect, the present disclosure is
directed to providing a display element including a quantum layer
in which a quantum rod is mixed with a liquid crystal.
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a smart
window system may include a display element; an input device
configured to receive a control command for the display element;
and a controller configured to determine at least one of
transparency, color, pattern, and gradation of the display element
and information displayed on the display element on the basis of
the control command.
The smart window may further include a sensor unit configured to
collect ambient information to control a state of the display
element, wherein the sensor unit includes at least one of an
illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor, a distance sensor, a
voice sensor, and a gesture sensor.
The display element may include: a transparency adjustment layer
switched to a transparent mode or an opaque mode depending on
whether power is applied; and a liquid crystal layer disposed
adjacent to the transparency adjustment layer.
The transparency adjustment layer may include a cholesteric liquid
crystal molecule and a black dye configured to form a helical
structure along with the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule.
The transparency adjustment layer may operate in the transparent
mode when an electric field is applied to the transparency
adjustment layer and operates in the opaque mode when no electric
field is applied to the transparency adjustment layer.
The liquid crystal layer may have a structure in which a first
layer and a second layer are bonded to each other by using a buffer
layer as a boundary therebetween, and cholesteric liquid crystals
with different types of chirality may be contained in the first
layer and the second layer.
The liquid crystal layer may include a plurality of liquid crystal
layers configured to reflect light having different wavelength
ranges, and the plurality of liquid crystal layers may be stacked
vertically with respect to the display element or horizontally with
respect to a virtual plane parallel to the display element.
The display element may further include a quantum layer including a
liquid crystal molecule and a quantum rod having a surface to which
surfactant is bonded.
The liquid crystal molecule may include at least one of a
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule and a nematic liquid crystal
molecule.
The quantum layer may be arranged horizontally with respect to a
virtual plane parallel to the display element.
The surfactant may be bonded to at least one of both ends of the
quantum rod, and The surfactant may have a portion bonded to the
quantum rod and having a property of being favorable to the quantum
rod and another portion having a property of being favorable to the
liquid crystal molecule.
The smart window may further include a communicator configured to
receive a control command for the display element from the input
device.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a
control method of a smart window system including an input device
configured to receive a control command for a display element; and
a smart window device including a display element including a
transparency adjustment layer switched to a transparent mode or an
opaque mode depending on whether power is applied and a liquid
crystal layer disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment
layer and a communicator configured to receive a control command
for the display element from the input device, may include
receiving a control command for the display element through the
input device; delivering the control command to the display element
through the communicator; and adjusting power applied to at least
one of the transparency adjustment layer and the liquid crystal
layer according to the control command to control at least one of
transparency, color, pattern, and gradation of the display element
and information displayed on the display element.
The control method may further include setting a control mode of
the display element to an automatic mode or a manual mode.
The control method may further include collecting ambient
information, wherein a state control condition of the display
element is determined according to the collected information, and a
state of the display element is controlled according to the state
control condition.
According to an aspect, it is possible to control a state of the
display element by means of various input devices. In detail, it is
possible to control at least one of color, transparency, pattern,
and gradation of the display element and information displayed on
the display element in order to perform mood control.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an example diagram of a vehicle 10 to which a smart
window system is applied according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a display element 110
according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a structure of a liquid crystal layer
140a according to an example of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a structure of a liquid crystal layer
140b according to another example of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an example diagram of a cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule provided on the liquid crystal layer 140 of the display
element 110 according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
homeotropic state;
FIG. 7 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
planer state;
FIG. 8 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
focal conic state;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the opaque mode of the transparency
adjustment layer of the display element according to an embodiment,
and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the transparent mode of the
transparency adjustment layer of the display element according to
an embodiment;
FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C are control block diagrams of a smart window
system including a mobile device 200 and a smart window device
100;
FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C are control block diagrams of a smart window
system including an AVN device 220 and the smart window device
100;
FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13 C are control block diagrams of a smart
window system including a vehicle operating unit 240 and the smart
window device 100;
FIGS. 14A, 14B and 14C are control block diagrams of a smart window
system including a sensor unit 260 and the smart window device
100;
FIG. 15 is a view showing a screen of the mobile device 200 for
generally controlling the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30;
FIG. 16 is a view showing an example of a mode setting screen
S1;
FIG. 17 is a view showing a privacy mode setting screen S2 when the
privacy mode button is selected from the mode setting screen
S1;
FIG. 18 is a view showing an example of an automatic mode setting
screen S3 when the automatic mode setting button is selected on the
mode setting screen S1;
FIG. 19 is a view showing condition setting screens S5 and S6 when
the condition setting button is elected on the mode setting
screen;
FIG. 20 is a view showing a transparency adjustment screen for the
vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30;
FIG. 21 is a view showing a pattern setting screen for the vehicle
windows 12, 13, 20, and 30;
FIG. 22 is a view showing a color selection screen for the vehicle
windows 12, 13, 20, and 30;
FIG. 23 is a view showing an AVN screen S10 for generally
controlling the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30;
FIG. 24 is a view showing an example of a color setting screen S11
when the color setting button is selected;
FIG. 25 is a view showing an example of a pattern setting screen
S12 when the pattern setting button is selected;
FIG. 26 is a view showing an example of a mode setting screen S13
when the mode setting button is selected;
FIG. 27 is a view showing a method of controlling a state of the
display element 110 through the dial operating unit 240;
FIG. 28 is a view showing another example of a display element 110a
provided in the smart window device 100 according to an
embodiment;
FIG. 29 is a view showing still another example of a display
element 110b provided in the smart window device 100 according to
an embodiment;
FIG. 30 is a view showing still another example of a display
element 110c provided in the smart window device 100 according to
an embodiment;
FIG. 31 is a view showing still another example of a display
element 110d provided in the smart window device 100 according to
an embodiment;
FIG. 32 is a view showing a modification of an electrode structure
formed on a substrate surface;
FIG. 33 is a view showing a section of the electrode structure
shown in FIG. 32;
FIG. 34 is a view showing various modifications of the electrode
structure;
FIG. 35 is a view showing an example of a display element 110e
provided in a smart window device 100a according to another
embodiment;
FIG. 36 is a view showing an example in which a surfactant is
bonded to a surface of the quantum rod QR;
FIG. 37 is an enlarged view of an emitting mode of the quantum
layer 150e of the display element 110 according to an
embodiment;
FIG. 38 is an enlarged view of a transparent mode of the quantum
layer 150e of the display element 110 according to an
embodiment;
FIG. 39 is a flowchart showing a control method of a smart window
system according to an embodiment;
FIGS. 40 to 42 are views showing examples of control of the smart
window system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 43 is a view showing an example in which the state of the
display element 110 is controlled when detection information of the
distance sensor is determined as the control condition of the
display element 110; and
FIG. 44 is a flowchart showing the control method of the smart
window system according to another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Hereinafter, a smart window system and a control method therefor
will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
A smart window system according to an aspect may include an input
device and a smart window device.
A smart window system according to another aspect may include a
sensor unit and a smart window device.
The input device may include a mobile device (such as a
smartphone), an audio/video/navigation (AVN) device, and the like,
but examples of the input device are not limited thereto. The
sensor unit may include an illuminance sensor, a temperature
sensor, a gesture sensor, a voice sensor, a distance sensor, and
the like, but examples of the sensor are not limited thereto.
The smart window device may include a display element that
functions as a smart window. Depending on the embodiment, the smart
window device may include a communicator configured to receive a
control command for the display element or a controller configured
to perform operations for controlling a state of the display
element. A smart window generally refers to a display element
capable of controlling the amount of light or heat passing
therethrough by varying light transmittance when a voltage is
applied. That is, a smart window can be changed to a transparent,
opaque, or translucent state by an applied voltage, and such a
smart window may be applied to a showcase, an information window, a
vehicle window, a vehicle head-up display, and the like. In
addition, a display element may include an organic light emitting
diode (OLED), a light emitting diode (LED), a liquid crystal
display (LCD), and electrochromic device, etc., but examples of the
display element are not limited thereto.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be
described by using an example in which a smart window system is
applied to a vehicle. That is, a smart window system according to
an embodiment may be applied to a vehicle, and a display element of
the smart window system may have a state adjustable by an input
device. More specifically, transparency, color, pattern, and
gradation of the display element and information displayed on the
smart window may be adjusted through the input device.
FIG. 1 is an example diagram of a vehicle 10 to which a smart
window system is applied according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 1, the vehicle 10 may include a main body 11
configured to form an outer appearance of the vehicle 10, a front
glass 12 configured to provide a field of view for an area in front
of the vehicle 10 inside the vehicle 10, a rear glass 13 configured
to provide a field of view for an area behind the vehicle 10,
wheels 14 and 15 configured to move the vehicle 10, a drive device
16 configured to rotate the wheels 14 and 15, a door 17 configured
to shield the inside of the vehicle 10 from the outside, and side
mirrors 18 and 19 configured to provide a field of view for an area
behind the vehicle 10 to a driver.
The front glass 12 is provided on a front upper side of the main
body 11 so that the driver inside the vehicle 10 may acquire visual
information about the area in front of the vehicle 10 and is also
called a windshield glass.
The rear glass 13 is provided on a rear upper side of the main body
11 so that the driver inside the vehicle 10 may acquire visual
information about the area behind the vehicle 10.
The wheels 14 and 15 include front wheels 14 provided at a front
side of the vehicle 10 and rear wheels 15 provided at a rear side
of the vehicle 10. The drive device 16 provides a rotational force
to the front wheels 14 or the rear wheels 15 so that the main body
11 moves forward or backward. The drive device 16 may employ an
engine configured to burn fossil fuel to generate a rotational
force or a motor configured to receive power from a capacitor (not
shown) and generate a rotational force.
The door 17 is pivotably provided at left and right sides of the
main body 11 to enable the driver to ride the vehicle 10 when the
door 17 is open and to shield the inside of the vehicle 10 from the
outside when the door 17 is closed. A side glass 20 through which
the inside or the outside can be viewed from the outside or the
inside may be installed at the door 17. Depending on the
embodiment, the side glass 20 may be provided so that only one side
can be viewed from the other side and may be capable of being
opened or closed.
Meanwhile, depending on the embodiment, a sunroof 30 may be
provided on a top surface of the main body 11 of the vehicle 10.
The smart window system according to the disclosed invention may be
applied to the sunroof 30 of the vehicle 10 in addition to the
front glass 12, the rear glass 13, and the side glass 20. Thus, a
state (e.g., color, transparency, pattern, gradation, displayed
information, or the like) of the front glass 12, the rear glass 13,
the side glass 20 or the sunroof 30 may be adjusted depending on
the situation.
The front glass 12, the rear glass 13, the side glass 20, and the
sunroof 30 may be referred to as vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and
30. A structure of a display element applied to the vehicle windows
12, 13, 20, and 30 provided to function as smart windows will be
described in detail below.
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a display element 110
according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 2, the display element 110 includes a first
substrate 120-1, a transparency adjustment layer 130 disposed
adjacent to the first substrate 120-1, a second substrate 120-2
disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment layer 130, a
liquid crystal layer 140 disposed adjacent to the second substrate
120-2, and a third substrate 120-3 disposed adjacent to the liquid
crystal layer 140.
Here, disposition of "A" adjacent to "B" may refer to a case in
which "A" (e.g., the first substrate 120-1) is bonded to an upper
surface or a lower surface of "B" (e.g., the transparency
adjustment layer 130) and, depending on the embodiment, may refer
to a case in which "A" is disposed adjacent to "B" with other
structures (e.g., a first electrode 121-1) except "A" and "B"
interposed therebetween.
The display element 110 according to this embodiment may have a
structure in which an electrode is disposed on at least one surface
of each layer. In detail, the first electrode 121-1 may be disposed
on a surface of the first substrate 120-1, a second-prime electrode
121-2a may be disposed on a surface of the second substrate 120-2
facing the first substrate 120-1, a second-double-prime electrode
121-2b may be disposed on a surface of the second substrate 120-2
facing the third substrate 120-3, and a third electrode 121-3 may
be disposed on a surface of the third substrate 120-3.
Also, a first alignment layer for aligning liquid crystal molecules
provided on the transparency adjustment layer 130 may be disposed
on the first electrode 121-1, a second-prime alignment layer for
aligning the liquid crystal molecules provided on the transparency
adjustment layer 130 may be disposed on the second-prime electrode
121-2a, a second-double-prime alignment layer for aligning liquid
crystal molecules provided on the liquid crystal layer 140 may be
disposed on the second-double-prime electrode 121-2b, and a third
alignment layer for aligning the liquid crystal molecules provided
on the liquid crystal layer 140 may be disposed on the third
electrode 121-3.
Here, the first, second, and third substrates 120-1, 120-2, and
120-3 may be made of a flexible glass or transparent plastic
material. When a plastic material is used, the display element 110
may be implemented to be thin and light. Also, in this case, the
display element 110 may be freely bent or warped and thus may be
applied to new devices in various fields on the basis of the
freedom of design.
The first, second-prime, second-double-prime, and third electrodes
121-1, 121-2a, 121-2b, and 121-3 may use a transparent electrode in
order to increase transmittance of the display element 110. The
transparent electrode may be formed on a transparent conductive
material, and indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO),
aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZAO), or the like may be used as an
example of the transparent conductive material. Depending on the
embodiment, it will be appreciated that the transparent electrode
may be formed of a nano material including silver nanowires, a
metallic material including copper, or a conductive polymer
material including PeDOT.
The first and second-prime electrodes 121-1 and 121-2a may be
disposed as straight lines parallel to the first substrate 120-1
and the second substrate 120-2, respectively. In this case, the two
electrodes may intersect perpendicularly to each other, and the
intersection may form one pixel. The second-double-prime and third
electrodes 121-2b and 121-3 may be disposed as straight lines
parallel to the second substrate 120-2 and the third substrate
120-3, respectively. In this case, the two electrodes may intersect
perpendicularly to each other, and the intersection may form one
pixel.
The liquid crystal layer 140, which is a layer provided to
implement red color, green color, or blue color, may be provided
between the second substrate 120-2 and the third substrate
120-3.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a structure of a liquid crystal layer
140a according to an example of an embodiment, and FIG. 4 is an
enlarged view of a structure of a liquid crystal layer 140b
according to another example of an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 3, the liquid crystal layer 140a may be provided
as a single layer. The liquid crystal layer 140a may be partitioned
by a plurality of spacers 141 to form a plurality of sub-cells 142,
and each of the sub-cells 142 may contain a cholesteric liquid
crystal.
Referring to FIG. 4, the liquid crystal layer 140b may include a
first layer 140b-1 and a second layer 140b-2, and the first layer
140b-1 and the second layer 140b-2 may be partitioned by a buffer
layer 140b-3. The liquid crystal layer 140 according to the
embodiment may also be partitioned by a plurality of spacers to
form a plurality of sub-cells, and each of the sub-cells may
contain a cholesteric liquid crystal. In this case, the first layer
140b-1 and the second layer 140b-2 may contain cholesteric liquid
crystals with different types of chirality. As a result, it is
possible to implement brighter colors.
Hereinafter, cholesteric liquid crystal molecules contained in the
liquid crystal layer 140 will be described in more detail
below.
The liquid crystal layer 140 may include a cholesteric liquid
crystal molecule formed by mixing a chiral dopant for inducing a
periodic helical structure with a nematic liquid crystal molecule.
FIG. 5 is an example diagram of a cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule provided on the liquid crystal layer 140 of the display
element 110 according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 5, the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule is
formed by repeating a molecular twist at regular intervals. In this
case, the repeated interval is called a pitch p, and the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule may have the property of
selectively reflecting light according to the pitch.
In detail, a reflected wavelength range of the light reflected by
the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule may be determined by the
pitch p. When the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule has an
average refractive index of n, a wavelength at which the reflection
becomes maximum may be determined as .lamda.=np. Here, the pitch p
may be adjusted according to the content of the chiral dopant. As
the content of the chiral dopant increases, the pitch p may
decrease, and thus the reflection wavelength range may
decrease.
For example, it is possible to implement color by adjusting the
reflection wavelength range to within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm
(a visible light range). In detail, blue color may be implemented
by reflecting light of about 380 nm to about 480 nm, green color
may be implemented by reflecting light of about 480 nm to about 510
nm, and red color may be implemented by reflecting light of about
570 nm to about 780 nm.
The cholesteric liquid crystal molecule may selectively reflect
light according to a helical twist direction. In other words, the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule may selectively reflect light
according to its chiral properties. When the pitch has the same
value, light having the same wavelength range is reflected, and
only the direction of the reflected light is different.
Accordingly, it is possible to implement clearer colors.
The liquid crystal layer 140 may form various types of texture
depending on an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer
140. The liquid crystal layer 140 may reflect, scatter, or transmit
light incident on the liquid crystal layer 140 according to the
formed texture.
The type of the texture formed by the liquid crystal layer 140 may
be classified into a planer state, a focal conic state, and a
homeotropic state.
In detail, the liquid crystal layer 140 may have bistability in
which the liquid crystal layer 140 can be present in the planer
state and the focal conic state when there is no electric field. In
this case, the liquid crystal layer 140 may reflect or scatter
light. The cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer
140 may be switched between the focal conic state and the planer
state. Meanwhile, when a sufficient electric field is applied to
the liquid crystal layer 140, the cholesteric liquid crystal may be
switched to the homeotropic state in which light can be
transmitted.
The planer state refers to a state in which the helical axis of the
cholesteric liquid crystal is arranged substantially perpendicular
to a front surface of the display element 110, and the focal conic
state refers to a state in which the helical axis of the
cholesteric liquid crystal is arranged substantially parallel to
the front surface of the display element 110.
For example, when a voltage is applied to the cholesteric liquid
crystal in the planer state, the helical axis that was
perpendicular to the front surface of the display element 110 is
changed to be parallel to the display element 110. Thus, the
texture of the cholesteric liquid crystal is switched to the focal
conic state.
When a higher voltage is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal
in the focal conic state, the helical structure is disassembled,
and thus the liquid crystal layer 140 becomes the homeotropic state
in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the direction of
the electric field. In this case, the liquid crystal layer 140 may
return to the focal conic state when the electric field is
gradually removed and may return to the planer state when the
electric field is drastically removed.
Each state of the liquid crystal layer 140 will be described with
reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
FIG. 6 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
homeotropic state.
The arrangement of the liquid crystals in the homeotropic state is
a liquid crystal arrangement that is achieved when a high electric
field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 140, and thus has
light transmission properties.
FIG. 7 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
planer state.
The arrangement of the liquid crystals in the planer state is a
liquid crystal arrangement that is generated when the high electric
field applied to the liquid crystals in the homeotropic state is
drastically lowered. In the planer state, all helical structural
axes are perpendicular to the surface of the display element
110.
In this case, when the degree of twist of the helical structure is
adjusted, that is, when a pitch length is adjusted, the liquid
crystal layer 140 may be provided to reflect light having different
wavelength ranges such as red, green, or blue.
In detail, when the pitch length of the helical structure of the
cholesteric liquid crystal is adjusted, the wavelength range of the
reflected light may be determined. Thus, it is possible to adjust
color of the reflected light by adjusting the helical pitch of the
cholesteric liquid crystal.
FIG. 8 is a view showing an arrangement of liquid crystals in the
focal conic state.
The arrangement of the liquid crystals in the focal conic state is
an arrangement generated when the high electric field applied to
the liquid crystal in the homeotropic state is slowly lowered, and
has light scattering properties.
In the focal conic state, the helical structure may be irregular,
but the liquid crystals are transparent. Accordingly, light can
pass through the liquid crystals.
The transparency adjustment layer 130 may be provided to implement
the display element 110 to be transparent or opaque. When no
electric field is applied to the transparency adjustment layer 130,
the transparency adjustment layer 130 may operate in an opaque
mode. In this case, color may be more clearly implemented by light
reflected by the liquid crystal layer 140 of the display element
110. When an electric field is applied to the transparency
adjustment layer 130, the transparency adjustment layer 130 may
operate in a transparent mode. In this case, the display element
110 may be implemented in a transparent state.
The transparency adjustment layer 130 may include a black dye and a
cholesteric liquid crystal. The black dye may be disposed to form a
helical structure along with the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule.
The cholesteric liquid crystal molecule and the black dye are
formed by repeating a molecular twist at regular intervals. In this
case, light may be selectively reflected depending on a formed
pitch. More specifically, when the pitch is formed to be long,
infrared light is reflected, and visible light may be transmitted
into the transparency adjustment layer 130. The visible light may
be transmitted into the transparency adjustment layer 130 and
absorbed by the black dye. As a result, the transparency adjustment
layer 130 may be implemented in the opaque mode. Meanwhile, the
transparency of the transparency adjustment layer 130 may be
determined depending on the degree to which visible light is
absorbed by the black dye. The degree to which visible light is
absorbed by the black dye may vary depending on the twist structure
of the cholesteric liquid crystal and the black dye.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the opaque mode of the transparency
adjustment layer 130 of the display element 110 according to an
embodiment, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the transparent mode
of the transparency adjustment layer 130 of the display element 110
according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 9, when no electric field is applied to the
transparency adjustment layer 130, a cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C and a black dye B may form a texture structure in the
planer state. That is, the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C
and the black dye B may be formed by repeating a molecular twist at
regular intervals. In this case, a twist structure formed the black
dye B and the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C may have a
longer pitch length than the twist structure formed by the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule shown in FIG. 5.
In detail, the black dye B and the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C may form a twist structure to reflect infrared light. In
this case, when light is incident on the transparency adjustment
layer 130, infrared light may be reflected by the surface, and
visible light may be transmitted into the transparency adjustment
layer 130. When visible light is transmitted, red-based,
green-based, and blue-based light included in the transmitted
visible light are absorbed by the black dye B provided in the twist
structure. As a result, the display element 110 may be implemented
in the opaque mode.
Referring to FIG. 10, when an electric field is applied to the
transparency adjustment layer 130, the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C and the black dye B may form a texture structure in the
homeotropic state. That is, the twist structure of the cholesteric
liquid crystal molecule C and the black dye B may be
disassembled.
In this case, when light is incident on the transparency adjustment
layer 130, visible light is transmitted into the transparency
adjustment layer 130, and red-based light, green-based light, and
blue-based light included in the transmitted visible light are
absorbed by the black dye B provided in the twist structure.
However, when the molecules are arranged in the homeotropic state,
only a small amount of visible light is absorbed by the black dye
B. As a result, the display element 110 may be implemented in the
transparent mode.
Depending on the embodiment, the display element 110 may include a
touch panel 155 and a front light panel 160. The touch panel 155,
which is a layer provided to receive a user's touch, may be
disposed adjacent to the third substrate 120-3. The front light
panel 160, which is a layer provided for the case in which external
brightness is low, may be disposed adjacent to the touch panel 155.
Depending on the embodiment, it will be appreciated that the
display element 110 may not include the touch panel 155 and the
front light panel 160.
Subsequently, an embodiment of the smart window system will be
described below.
The display element 110 of the smart window system according to an
aspect may receive a control command for controlling a state of the
display element 110 from an input device and enable the state of
the display element 110 to be controlled. Depending on the
embodiment, the state of the display element 110 may be controlled
on the basis of sensor value information collected by a sensor unit
260.
The display element 110 may have a state controlled on the basis of
a control command entered from a mobile device such as a smart
phone. The state of the display element 110 may be controlled on
the basis of a control command entered from an AVN device or a
vehicle operating unit installed in the vehicle 10 and may be
controlled on the basis of sensor value information collected by
sensors provided in the vehicle 10. Depending on the embodiment, a
screen of the mobile device may be mirrored and displayed on an AVN
screen of the vehicle 10. In this case, the user may enter a
control command through the mobile device or the AVN device.
The state of the display element 110 may be controlled according to
a control command determined by a display element controller or may
be controlled according to a control command determined by a
controller other than the display element controller. Here, the
controller other than the display element controller may be a
controller of the input device or a controller of the vehicle 10 in
which a smart window system is installed.
Embodiments of the smart window system will be described in detail
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 11 is a control block diagram of a smart window system
including a mobile device 200 and a smart window device 100, FIG.
12 is a control block diagram of a smart window system including an
AVN device 220 and the smart window device 100, FIG. 13 is a
control block diagram of a smart window system including a vehicle
operating unit 240 and the smart window device 100, and FIG. 14 is
a control block diagram of a smart window system including a sensor
unit 260 and the smart window device 100.
Referring to FIGS. 11A to 11C, the smart window system according to
an embodiment may include the mobile device 200 and a display
element 110 of the smart window device 100. The transparency of the
display element 110 may be controlled on the basis of a control
command entered from the mobile device 200.
The display element 110 may include a plurality of display elements
110, and each of the display elements 110 may have a state adjusted
according to the control command entered from the mobile device
200. An example in which the display element 110 includes first to
sixth display elements 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, and 116 will be
described below. Here, the first display element 111 may be a front
glass 12 of a vehicle 10, the second to fifth display elements 112,
113, 114, and 115 may be side glasses of the vehicle 10, and the
sixth display element 116 may be a rear glass 13 of the vehicle
10.
The display element 110 may have a state controlled according to
power applied to the display element 110. The state of the display
element 110 may refer to at least one of transparency, color,
pattern, and gradation of the display element 110 and information
displayed on the display element 110.
According to an example, the display element 110 may be implemented
in a transparent mode when an electric field is applied to a
transparency adjustment layer 130 of the display element 110 and
may be implemented in an opaque mode when no electric field is
applied to the transparency adjustment layer 130. At the same time,
the display element 110 may implement color by reflecting visible
light having a specific wavelength range when an electric field is
applied to a liquid crystal layer 140, and may be implemented in
the transparent mode by transmitting visible light having all
wavelength ranges when no electric field is applied to the liquid
crystal layer 140. When an electric field is applied to the liquid
crystal layer 140, the wavelength range of reflected visible light
may be determined by a twist structure of a cholesteric liquid
crystal molecule C included in the liquid crystal layer 140, as
described above.
The first to sixth display elements 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, and
116 may be independently controlled. By selecting a display element
110 to be controlled through the mobile device 200, the user may
allow the display element 110 to be independently controlled. For
example, in association with transparency adjustment for the
glasses of the vehicle 10, transparency of the second to sixth
display elements 112, 113, 114, 115, and 116 may be adjusted
according to input of the mobile device 200. However, in order not
to disturb a driver's view, transparency of the first display
element 111 may not be adjusted separately from the second to sixth
display elements 112, 113, 114, 115, and 116.
As shown in FIG. 11B, the transparency of the display element 110
may be controlled according to a command determined by a controller
210 of the mobile device 200. Depending on the embodiment, as shown
in FIG. 11C, the transparency of the display element 110 may be
controlled according to a control command determined by a
controller 180 of the smart window device 100.
Referring to FIG. 11B, the mobile device 200 may include an input
unit 202, a display 204, a communicator 206, a memory 208, and the
controller 210, and the smart window device 100 may include a
communicator 165 and the display element 110. In order to
distinguish the elements of the mobile device 200 from elements of
another device such as the smart window device 100, the input unit,
the display, the communicator, the memory, and the controller of
the mobile device 200 are referred to as a first input unit 202, a
first display 204, a first communicator 206, a first memory 208,
and a first controller 210, respectively. In order to distinguish
the elements of the smart window device 100 from elements of other
devices, the communicator of the smart device is referred to as a
second communicator 165.
The first input unit 202 may receive a control command for the
display element 110 from the user. The first input unit 202 may
employ a hard key scheme, a proximity sensor scheme, or a graphic
user interface (GUI) scheme such as a touch pad in order to receive
the user's input. When the first input unit 202 employs the GUI
scheme such as a touch pad, the first input unit 202 may be
implemented in the form of a touch screen panel and may be provided
integrally with the first display 204.
The first display 204 may provide a display screen for displaying a
control screen for the display element 110. The display screen will
be described below in the related section.
The first display 204 may be provided as a cathode ray tube (CRT),
a digital light processing (DLP) panel, a plasma display panel, a
liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, an electro luminescence (EL)
panel, an electrophoretic display (EPD) panel, an electrochromic
display (ECD) panel, a light emitting diode (LED) panel, an organic
light emitting diode (OLED) panel, or the like, but is not limited
thereto.
The first memory 208 may store various types of data, programs, or
applications for driving and controlling the mobile device 200
under control of the first controller 210.
The first memory 208 may store information regarding an input
signal corresponding to the driving of the mobile device 200 and
state information of the display element 110 corresponding to the
input signal. More specifically, the first memory 208 may store the
state information of the display element 110 corresponding to a
control command of the display element 110 received from the first
input unit 202 of the mobile device 200.
The first memory 208 may store information regarding control
programs for controlling the smart window device 100, dedicated
applications initially provided by a manufacturer, or
general-purpose applications downloaded from the outside and may
store a user interface (UI) associated with the applications, an
object (e.g., an image, text, icon, or button) for providing the
UI, user information, or relevant data.
The first memory 208 may also include a read-only memory (ROM) 214
and a random access memory (RAM) 216 of the first controller 210.
The first memory 208 may include a nonvolatile memory, a volatile
memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), or the
like.
The first communicator 206 may connect the mobile device 200 to the
smart window device 100 under control of the first controller 210.
The first communicator 206 may deliver a control command of the
user entered through the input unit to the smart window device 100.
Here, the control command delivered to the smart window device 100
through the first communicator 206 may be processed by the first
controller 210, which will be described below.
The first communicator 206 may include at least one of a wired
Ethernet unit, a wireless local area network (WLAN) unit, and a
short-range communicator, and the short-range communicator may
include a Bluetooth unit, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) unit, an
Infrared Data Association (IrDA) unit, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
unit, an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) unit, a Near Field Communication
(NFC) unit, and the like.
The first controller 210 may include a processor 212, a ROM 214
configured to store a control program for controlling the mobile
device 200, and a RAM 216 configured to store a signal or data
entered from the outside of the mobile device 200 or used as a
storage area corresponding to various tasks performed by the mobile
device 200.
The first controller 210 may control the overall operation of the
mobile device 200 and control signal flow between internal elements
of the mobile device 200 and may function to process data. When a
control command for the display element 110 is entered from the
user, the first controller 210 may execute an operating system and
various applications stored in the first memory 208.
The processor 212 may include a graphic processing unit (GPU) for
performing graphical processing of an image or video. The first
controller 210 may include a graphic processing board having the
GPU, the RAM 216, and the ROM 214 on a separate circuit board that
is electrically connected to the first controller 210.
The first controller 210 may determine the transparency of the
display element 110 on the basis of an input command entered
through the first input unit 202 and may control the first
communicator 206 so that the transparency is delivered to the smart
window device 100.
The second communicator 165 of the smart window device 100 may
receive a control command for controlling the display element 110
from the first communicator 206 and deliver the received control
command to the display element 110. The transparency of the display
element 110 may be controlled according to the control command
received from the first communicator 206.
As shown in FIG. 11C, the transparency of the smart window device
100 may be controlled according to a control command determined by
the controller 180 of the smart window device 100. More
specifically, the smart window device 100 may include a
communicator 165, a memory 170, a display element driving unit 175,
a display element 110, and a controller 180. Hereinafter, in order
to distinguish the elements of the smart window device 100 from
other elements, the communicator, the memory, and the controller of
the smart window device 100 are referred to as a second
communicator 165, a second memory 170, and a second controller 180,
respectively. Also, the foregoing description of the elements of
the mobile device 200 that are associated with the second
communicator 165, the second memory 170, and the second controller
180 will be omitted.
The second communicator 165 may connect the smart window device 100
and the mobile device 200 through the first communicator 206 of the
mobile device 200 under control of the second controller 180. The
second communicator 165 may receive data entered by the user
through the first input unit 202 of the mobile device 200 from the
first communicator 206 of the mobile device 200, and the second
controller 180 may determine the transparency of the display
element 110 on the basis of the data received through the second
communicator 165.
The second controller 180 may include a processor 182, a ROM 184
configured to store a control program for controlling the smart
window device 100, and a RAM 186 configured to store a signal or
data entered from the outside of the smart window device 100 or
used as storage areas corresponding to various tasks performed by
the smart window device 100.
The second controller 180 may control the overall operation of the
smart window device 100 and control signal flow between internal
elements of the smart window device 100 and may function to process
data. Also, when a control command for the display element 110 is
entered from the user, the second controller 180 may execute an
operating system and various applications stored in the memory.
When the transparency of the display element 110 is determined on
the basis of data delivered from the mobile device 200, the second
controller 180 may deliver the transparency to the display element
driving unit 175, and the display element driving unit 175 may
control the transparency of the display element 110 by adjusting
power applied to the display element 110.
Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 12A and 12B, a smart window system
according to another embodiment may include an AVN device 220 and a
display element 110 of the smart window device 100. The
transparency of the display element 110 may be controlled on the
basis of a control command for the display element 110 entered
through the AVN device 220. Depending on the embodiment, a display
screen of the mobile device 200 may be mirrored and displayed on
the AVN screen of the AVN device 220. In this case, the
transparency of the display element may be controlled on the basis
of a control command received through the display screen of the
mobile device 200 or the AVN device 220.
As shown in FIG. 12B, the transparency of the display element 110
may be controlled according to a command determined by a controller
230 of the AVN device 220. Depending on the embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 12C, the transparency may be controlled according to a control
command determined by a controller 180 of the smart window device
100.
Referring to FIG. 12B, the AVN device 220 may include an input unit
222, a display 224, a communicator 226, a memory 228, and the
controller 230, and the smart window device 100 may include a
communicator 165 and the display element 110. In order to
distinguish the elements of the AVN device 220 from elements of
other devices, the input unit 222, the display 224, the
communicator 226, the memory 228, and the controller 230 of the AVN
device 220 are referred to as a second input unit 222, a second
display 224, a third communicator 226, a third memory 228, and a
third controller 230, respectively, and the communicator 165 of the
smart window device 100 is referred to as a second communicator
165.
The second input unit 222 of the AVN device 220 may receive a
control command for the display element 110 from the user, and the
second display 224 may display a control screen for the display
element 110. A second memory 170 may store a control program, an
application, or the like for processing a control command of the
user entered from the second input unit 222. The third controller
230 may determine the transparency of the display element 110 on
the basis of the control command input through the second input
unit 222 and may control the third communicator so that the
transparency is delivered to the smart window device 100.
The second communicator 165 of the smart window device 100 may
receive a control command for controlling the display element 110
from the third communicator 226 and deliver the received control
command to the display element 110. The transparency of the display
element 110 may be controlled according to the control command
received from the third communicator 226.
Referring to FIG. 13C, the transparency of the smart window device
100 may be controlled according to a control command determined by
the controller 180 of the smart window device 100.
More specifically, the smart window device 100 may include the
second communicator 165, the second memory 170, a display element
driving unit 175, a display element, and a second controller
180.
The second communicator 165 may connect the smart window device 100
and the AVN device 220 through the third communicator 226 of the
AVN device 220 under control of the second controller 180. The
second communicator 165 may receive data entered by the user
through the second input unit 222 of the AVN device 220 from the
third communicator 226 of the AVN device 220, and the second
controller 180 may determine the transparency of the display
element 110 on the basis of the data received through the third
communicator 226.
When the transparency of the display element 110 is determined, the
second controller 180 may deliver the transparency to the display
element driving unit 175, and the display element driving unit 175
may control the transparency of the display element 110 by
adjusting power applied to the display element 110.
Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 13A to 13C, a smart window system
according to still another embodiment may include a vehicle
operating unit 240 and a display element 110 of the smart window
device 100. The vehicle operating unit 240 may include a dial
operating unit, a button operating unit, a touch pad, and the like
installed in the vehicle 10. However, examples of the vehicle
operating unit 240 are not limited thereto. The transparency of the
display element 110 may be controlled on the basis of a control
command received through the vehicle operating unit 240.
As shown in FIG. 13B, the transparency of the display element 110
may be controlled according to transparency determined by a fourth
controller 250 provided outside the smart window device 100.
Depending on the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13C, the transparency
may be controlled according to the control command determined by a
controller 180 of the smart window device 100.
Referring to FIG. 13B, the vehicle operating unit 240 may receive a
control command for the display element 110 from a user and may
output the control command to the fourth controller 250. Here, the
fourth controller 250 may include a controller of the vehicle 10.
The fourth controller 250 may determine the transparency of the
display element 110 on the basis of data delivered from the vehicle
operating unit 240 and may deliver information regarding the
determined transparency to the display element 110.
The transparency of the display element 110 may be controlled
according to a control command determined by the fourth controller
250.
Referring to FIG. 12C, the transparency of the smart window device
100 may be controlled according to the control command determined
by the controller 180 of the smart window device 100. More
specifically, the smart window device 100 may include a second
communicator 165, a second memory 170, a display element driving
unit 175, a display element, and a second controller 180.
The second communicator 165 may connect the smart window device 100
and the vehicle operating unit 240 under control of the second
controller 180. The second communicator 165 may receive input data
entered by the user through the vehicle operating unit 240, and the
second controller 180 may determine the transparency of the display
element 110 on the basis of the data received through the vehicle
operating unit 240.
When the transparency of the display element 110 is determined, the
second controller 180 may deliver the transparency to the display
element driving unit 175, and the display element driving unit 175
may control the transparency of the display element 110 by
adjusting power applied to the display element 110.
Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 14A and 14C, a smart window system
according to still another embodiment may include a sensor unit 260
and a display element 110 of the smart window device 100. The
transparency of the display element 110 may be controlled on the
basis of sensor value information collected by the sensor unit 260.
Here, the sensor unit 260 may include at least one of an
illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor, a distance sensor, a
voice sensor, and a gesture sensor, but the type of a sensor
providable in the sensor unit 260 is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 14B, the transparency of the display element 110
may be controlled according to transparency determined by a fifth
controller 270 provided outside the smart window device 100.
Depending on the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14C, the transparency
may be controlled according to the control command determined by a
controller 180 of the smart window device 100.
Referring to FIG. 14B, the sensor unit 260 may collect ambient
information at predetermined first intervals and may deliver the
collected sensor value information to the fifth controller 270.
Here, the fifth controller 270 may be a controller of the vehicle
10.
For example, the illuminance sensor may collect information
regarding an external illuminance of the vehicle 10 and may output
the collected information to the fifth controller 270. The
illuminance sensor may include a CDS sensor or the like, but
examples of an available illuminance sensor are not limited
thereto.
When the detected result of the illuminance sensor is that the
external illuminance of the vehicle 10 is less than or equal to a
predetermined first reference illuminance, the color of the display
element 110 may be switched to a predetermined first color.
Depending on the embodiment, when the external illuminance of the
vehicle 10 is more than or equal to the predetermined first
reference illuminance, the color of the display element 110 may be
switched to a predetermined second color. Depending on the
embodiment, the color of the display element 110 may be provided to
continuously change according to the illuminance.
The temperature sensor may collect information regarding external
or internal temperature of the vehicle 10 and may output the
collected information to the fifth controller 270. A thermocouple,
a temperature measuring resistor, a thermistor (NTC, PTC, or CTR)
and a metallic thermometer may function as the temperature sensor,
but examples of an employable temperature sensor are not limited
thereto.
When the detected result of the temperature sensor is that the
external or internal temperature of the vehicle 10 is lower than or
equal to a predetermined first reference temperature, the color of
the display element 110 may be switched to a blue color. Depending
on the embodiment, when the external or internal temperature of the
vehicle 10 is higher than or equal to the predetermined first
reference temperature, the color of the display element 110 may be
switched to a red color. However, examples of a switchable color
are not limited thereto, and the color may be switched to various
colors by the user's settings.
The distance sensor may collect information regarding a distance
between the vehicle 10 and an object outside the vehicle 10 and may
output the collected information to the fifth controller 270.
Depending on the embodiment, the distance sensor may collect
information regarding a distance between the vehicle 10 and a
person approaching the vehicle 10 and may output the collected
information to the fifth controller 270. An infrared distance
sensor, a natural light distance sensor, and an ultrasonic distance
sensor may be employed as the distance sensor, but examples of an
employable distance sensor are not limited thereto.
When the detected result of the distance sensor is that an object
is approaching the vehicle 10, the color of the display element 110
in an approaching direction of the object may be switched to a red
color. Depending on the embodiment, the display element 110 may be
controlled to flicker while the color displayed on the display
element 110 is switched. Also, when the detected result of the
distance sensor is that the object is receding from the vehicle 10,
the color or transparency of the display element may be
adjusted.
Depending on the embodiment, on the assumption that the vehicle 10
is stopped, when the detected result of the distance sensor is that
a pre-registered person is approaching the vehicle 10, the display
element 110 may be switched to be transparent. Thus, the
approaching person can view the inside of the vehicle 10. On the
other hand, when several people are approaching the vehicle 10 and
there is an unregistered person among the people, the display
element 110 may be switched to be opaque. While whether a person is
approaching the vehicle 10 may be detected by the distance sensor,
whether a person approaching the vehicle 10 is registered may be
detected by a separate face recognition sensor installed
therein.
The voice sensor may collect a voice signal of a user and deliver
the voice signal to the fifth controller 270. The fifth controller
270 may process the voice signal delivered from the voice sensor to
recognize a control command of the user for the display element 110
and may adjust the color, transparency, and the like of the display
element 110 according to the recognized voice command.
For example, when a voice command "switch the color of the display
element 110 to a red color" is entered from a user, the fifth
controller 270 may process a voice signal collected through a
processor of the fifth controller 270 to recognize a control
command of the user, and the fifth controller 270 may output a
control command for switching the color of the display element 110
to a red color to the display element 110 on the basis of the
recognized command.
The gesture sensor may collect gesture information of the user and
may output the gesture information to the fifth controller 270. The
gesture information may be collected by using an image capturing
apparatus such as a camera, but a method of collecting the gesture
information is not limited thereto. The gesture information of the
user may include control command information for the display
element 110, and the fifth controller 270 may process the gesture
information collected by the gesture sensor to recognize a control
command for the display element 110 and may output the control
command to the display element 110.
A method of controlling a state of the display element 110 will be
described below in detail.
FIGS. 15 to 22 are views showing a method of controlling a state of
the display element 110 by means of the mobile device 200, FIGS. 21
to 24 are views showing a method of controlling a state of the
display element 110 by means of the AVN device 220, and FIG. 25 is
a view showing a method of controlling a state of the display
element 110 by means of the dial operating unit 240.
For convenience of description, an example in which the windows 12,
13, and 20 of the vehicle 10 are each provided as the display
element 110 according to the disclosed invention will be described.
The term "display element 110" and the term "vehicle windows 12,
13, 20, and 30" may refer to the same object.
FIG. 15 is a view showing a screen of the mobile device 200 for
generally controlling the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30.
Referring to FIG. 13, the screen of the mobile device 200 may be
divided into a mode indicator area A1, a mode setting area A2, a
vehicle state display area A3, a transparency setting area A4, a
color setting area A5, and a pattern setting area A6.
The mode indicator area A1 may display information regarding a
current control mode of the display element 110. According to an
example, the mode indicator area A1 may display information
regarding a privacy mode, a theater mode, a date mode, an automatic
mode, and a manual mode, but an example of a displayable control
mode of the display element is not limited thereto.
The mode setting area A2 may include a mode setting button. When
the mode setting button is clicked, a mode setting screen may be
displayed, and an example of a selectable control mode of the
display element 110 may be displayed on the mode setting
screen.
FIG. 16 is a view showing an example of a mode setting screen
S1.
When a user selects the mode setting button, the mode setting
screen S1 may be displayed. In this case, a list of settable
control modes of the display element 110 may be displayed on the
mode setting screen S1. Depending on the embodiment, a privacy mode
setting button, a theater mode setting button, and a date mode
setting button may be displayed in the control mode list. Depending
on the embodiment, an automatic mode setting button, a condition
setting button, and the like may be further displayed.
FIG. 17 is a view showing a privacy mode setting screen S2 when the
privacy mode button is selected from the mode setting screen
S1.
Referring to FIG. 17, the shape of the vehicle 10 may be displayed
on the privacy mode setting screen S2. However, depending on the
embodiment, a transparency setting bar, a color picker bar, a
pattern setting bar, or the like may be further displayed. A user
may select a window to be set to a privacy mode, and the selected
window may be switched to the privacy mode.
FIG. 18 is a view showing an example of an automatic mode setting
screen S3 when the automatic mode setting button is selected on the
mode setting screen S1.
Referring to FIG. 18A, an automatic privacy protection button, a
driving disturbance prohibition button, a night driving button, and
the like may be displayed on the automatic mode setting screen S3,
and an on/off button for switching a corresponding mode on or off
may be further displayed to the right side of a corresponding
button.
For example, when a user clicks the automatic privacy protection
button, a function description screen S4 for an automatic privacy
protection function may be displayed. Referring to FIG. 18B, an
on/off button may be provided at a lower portion of the function
description screen S4, and a user may turn on or off the automatic
privacy protection function through the on/off button. Depending on
the embodiment, it will be appreciated that, by clicking the
automatic privacy protection button, the automatic privacy
protection function may be turned on or off by means of the on/off
button on the right side of the automatic privacy protection button
without entering the function description screen.
FIG. 19 is a view showing condition setting screens S5 and S6 when
the condition setting button is elected on the mode setting
screen.
Referring to FIG. 19A, a driving state button, a sunlight level
button, an indoor temperature button, and a vehicle direction
button may be displayed on the main-condition setting screen S5,
but examples of a button displayable in the main-condition setting
screen S5 are not limited thereto. A user may designate a window
setting method corresponding to a condition by clicking one of
several condition setting buttons.
For example, when a user clicks the indoor temperature button, a
sub-condition setting screen S6 as shown in FIG. 19B may be
displayed. The user may set control conditions of the vehicle
windows 12, 13, 20, and 30 in detail through sub-condition setting
screen S6 as shown in FIG. 19B when an indoor temperature is higher
than or equal to 25 degrees.
The vehicle state display area A3 may display current states of the
vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30. According to an example, the
current states of the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30 may be
displayed in the vehicle state display area A3 along with the
entire appearance of the vehicle 10.
A transparency setting bar may be displayed in the transparency
setting area A4. The transparency of the vehicle windows 12, 13,
20, and 30 may increase when the transparency setting bar is
adjusted to a "+" direction and may decrease when the transparency
setting bar is adjusted to a "-" direction. When the transparency
of the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30 increases, external light
may be transmitted into the vehicle 10 to increase illuminance
inside the vehicle 10. When the transparency of the vehicle windows
12, 13, 20, and 30 decreases, external light may be blocked to
decrease illuminance inside the vehicle 10.
The color setting area A5 is an area for setting the color of the
vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30, and a color picker icon may be
displayed in the color setting area A5. When a user selects the
color picker icon, the corresponding icon may be enlarged, and the
user may adjust the color of the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30
through the enlarged color picker icon.
The pattern setting area A6 is an area for setting the pattern of
the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30, and a pattern setting bar
may be displayed in the pattern setting area A6. The user may drag
the pattern setting bar to the left or right to receive various
patterns and may select one of the patterns to determine a pattern
applicable to each of the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30.
The user may individually or simultaneously control the display
elements 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, and 116 through the transparency
setting area A4, the color setting area A5, and the pattern setting
area A6.
FIGS. 20 to 22 are views for describing the content of FIG. 15 in
detail.
FIG. 20 is a view showing a transparency adjustment screen for the
vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30.
Referring to FIG. 20A, the transparency of all the windows of the
vehicle 10 may be adjusted by vertically adjusting the transparency
setting bar without setting a specific window. FIG. 20A shows a
case in which the transparency setting bar is adjusted to a "-"
direction. In this case, the transparency of all the windows of the
vehicle 10 may decrease.
Referring to FIG. 20B, when a sunroof is selected from among the
windows of the vehicle 10, a transparency adjustment screen S7 for
the sunroof may be displayed. A target of which transparency is to
be adjusted and a transparency setting bar may be displayed on the
transparency adjustment screen S7. However, depending on the
embodiment, a color picker provided to select the color of a target
to be adjusted and a pattern setting bar provided to set a pattern
of the target to be adjusted may be further displayed on the
transparency adjustment screen S7.
The user may adjust the transparency of the sunroof by vertically
adjusting the transparency setting bar. As described above, the
transparency of the sunroof may increase when the transparency
setting bar is adjusted to a "+" direction and may decrease when
the transparency setting bar is adjusted to a "-" direction.
FIG. 21 is a view showing a pattern setting screen for the vehicle
windows 12, 13, 20, and 30.
Referring to FIG. 21A, the pattern of all the windows may be set by
setting a pattern without setting a specific window. FIG. 21A shows
a case in which a tile-shaped pattern is selected. In this case,
the pattern of all the windows of the vehicle 10 may be changed to
the tile-shaped pattern.
Referring to FIG. 21B, when a sunroof is selected from among the
windows of the vehicle 10, a pattern setting screen S8 for the
sunroof may be displayed. A target of which pattern is to be set
and a pattern adjustment bar may be displayed on the pattern
setting screen S8 for the sunroof. However, depending on the
embodiment, the transparency setting bar and the color picker may
be further displayed.
The user may drag the pattern adjustment bar to the left or right
to receive various patterns. Depending on the embodiment, various
gradation patterns may be further provided on the pattern
adjustment bar. The user may select one of the various patterns to
determine a pattern to be applied to the sunroof.
FIG. 22 is a view showing a color selection screen for the vehicle
windows 12, 13, 20, and 30.
Referring to FIG. 22A, when a color picker icon is selected on the
color selection screen, the corresponding icon may be enlarged. The
user may select a specific color from the color picker to set the
color of all the windows.
Referring to FIG. 22B, when a sunroof is selected from among the
windows of the vehicle 10, a color setting screen S9 for the
sunroof may be displayed. A target of which color is to be set and
a color picker may be displayed on the color setting screen S9.
However, depending on the embodiment, the transparency setting bar
and the pattern setting bar may be further displayed on the color
setting screen S9. The user may determine a color to be applied to
the sunroof by selecting one color from the color picker.
Subsequently, the method of controlling a state of the display
element 110 by means of the AVN device 220 will be described
below.
FIG. 23 is a view showing an AVN screen S10 for generally
controlling the vehicle windows 12, 13, 20, and 30. Referring to
FIG. 21, the AVN screen S10 may include a window transparency
setting button, a color setting button, a pattern setting button,
and a mode setting button, and may further include a gradation
setting button depending on the embodiment. A user may select one
of the buttons to control a state of each of the vehicle windows
12, 13, 20, and 30.
FIG. 24 is a view showing an example of a color setting screen S11
when the color setting button is selected. Referring to FIG. 24, a
list of targets of which color is allowed to be set may be
displayed in a left portion of the color setting screen S11, and a
color picker and the appearance of a target to be set may be
displayed in a right portion of the color setting screen S11. The
user may select a target to be set through the list provided in the
left portion of the screen and may select the color of the target
to be set through the color picker.
FIG. 25 is a view showing an example of a pattern setting screen
S12 when the pattern setting button is selected. Referring to FIG.
25, a list of targets of which pattern is allowed to be set may be
displayed in a left portion of the pattern setting screen S12, and
a pattern list and the appearance of a target to be set may be
displayed in a right portion of the pattern setting screen S12. The
user may select a target to be set through the list provided in the
left portion of the screen and may select the pattern of the target
to be set through the pattern list.
FIG. 26 is a view showing an example of a mode setting screen S13
when the mode setting button is selected. Referring to FIG. 26, a
list of mode setting methods may be displayed in a left portion of
the mode setting screen S13, and the appearance of the vehicle 10
may be displayed in a right portion of the mode setting screen S13
to visually display a corresponding mode. A user may select the
list provided in the left portion of the screen to set a mode and
may recognize a window setting method corresponding to the set mode
through a preview screen provided in the right portion of the
screen.
FIG. 27 is a view showing a method of controlling a state of the
display element 110 through the dial operating unit 240. For
convenience of description, the method of controlling a state of
the display element 110 through the dial operating unit 240, which
is an example of the vehicle operating unit 240, will be described
below.
Referring to FIG. 27, the dial operating unit 240 may be tilted
upward (d1), downward (d2), leftward (d3), and rightward (d4) and
may be rotated clockwise (R1) or counterclockwise (R2). The user
may adjust the transparency, the color, and the like by tilting the
dial operating unit 240 upward, downward, leftward, and rightward.
Depending on the embodiment, the user may adjust the transparency,
the color, and the like by rotating the dial operating unit 240
clockwise or counterclockwise.
The display element 110 may be modified into various forms other
than the configurations that have been described with reference to
FIGS. 2 to 10. Various modifications of the display element 110
will be described below.
FIG. 28 is a view showing another example of a display element 110a
provided in the smart window device 100 according to an embodiment,
and FIG. 29 is a view showing still another example of a display
element 110b provided in the smart window device 100 according to
an embodiment.
The display element 110a shown in FIG. 28 may include a first
substrate 120-1, a transparency adjustment layer 130 disposed
adjacent to the first substrate 120-1, a second substrate 120-2
disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment layer 130, a
liquid crystal layer 140a disposed adjacent to the second substrate
120-2, and a third substrate 120-3 disposed adjacent to the liquid
crystal layer 140a. The display element 110b shown in FIG. 29 may
include a first substrate 120-1, a transparency adjustment layer
130 disposed adjacent to the first substrate 120-1, a second
substrate 120-2 disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment
layer 130, a liquid crystal layer 140b disposed adjacent to the
second substrate 120-2, and a third substrate 120-3 disposed
adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 140b. Descriptions of the
first substrates 120-1, the transparency adjustment layers 130, the
second substrates 120-2, and the third substrates 120-3 of the
display elements 110a and 110b shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 are
substantially the same as the description in FIG. 2 and thus will
be provided, focusing on differences with the display element 110
shown in FIG. 2.
The display elements 110a and 110b shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 differ
from the display element 110 shown in FIG. 2 in that the display
elements 110a and 110b have a plurality of liquid crystal layers
140a and a plurality of liquid crystal layers 140b, respectively.
In detail, the plurality of liquid crystal layers 140a, 140b
provided in the display element 110a, 110b may be stacked
vertically with respect to the front surface of the display element
110.
Referring to FIG. 28, the liquid crystal layer 140a may include a
first liquid crystal layer 140-1a configured to reflect light
having a first wavelength range and a second liquid crystal layer
140-2a configured to reflect light having a second wavelength
range. A fourth substrate 120-4a may be disposed between the first
liquid crystal layer 140-1a and the second liquid crystal layer
140-2a.
Here, the first liquid crystal layer 140-1a and the second liquid
crystal layer 140-2a each may reflect light having a wavelength
range corresponding to at least one of red-based light, green-based
light, and blue-based light. For example, the first liquid crystal
layer 140-1a may reflect light having a red wavelength range, and
the second liquid crystal layer 140-2a may reflect light having a
green wavelength range.
Referring to FIG. 29, the liquid crystal layer 140b may include a
first liquid crystal layer 140-1b configured to reflect light
having a first wavelength range, a second liquid crystal layer
140-2b configured to reflect light having a second wavelength
range, and a third liquid crystal layer 140-3b configured to
reflect light having a third wavelength range. A fourth substrate
120-4b may be disposed between the first liquid crystal layer
140-1b and the second liquid crystal layer 140-2b, and a fifth
substrate 120-5b may be disposed between the second liquid crystal
layer 140-2b and the third liquid crystal layer 140-3b.
The display elements 110b shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 may have a
structure in which two or three liquid crystal layers for
reflecting light having different wavelength ranges are vertically
stacked and thus may implement various colors compared to the
display element 110 shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 30 is a view showing still another example of a display
element 110c provided in the smart window device 100 according to
an embodiment, and FIG. 31 is a view showing still another example
of a display element 110d provided in the smart window device 100
according to an embodiment.
The display element 110c shown in FIG. 30 may include a first
substrate 120-1, a transparency adjustment layer 130 disposed
adjacent to the first substrate 120-1, a second substrate 120-2
disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment layer 130, a
liquid crystal layer 140c disposed adjacent to the second substrate
120-2, and a third substrate 120-3 disposed adjacent to the liquid
crystal layer 140c. The display element 110d shown in FIG. 31 may
include a first substrate 120-1, a transparency adjustment layer
130 disposed adjacent to the first substrate 120-1, a second
substrate 120-2 disposed adjacent to the transparency adjustment
layer 130, a liquid crystal layer 140d disposed adjacent to the
second substrate 120-2, and a third substrate 120-3 disposed
adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 140d. Descriptions of the
first substrates 120-1, the transparency adjustment layers 130, the
second substrates 120-2, and the third substrates 120-3 of the
display elements 110c and 110d shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 are
substantially the same as the description in FIG. 2 and thus will
be provided, focusing on differences with the display element 110
shown in FIG. 2.
The display elements 110c and 110d shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 are
similar to the display element 110 shown in FIG. 2 in that the
liquid crystal layers 140c and 140d are each provided as a single
layer, but are different from the display elements 110c and 110d
shown in FIG. 2 in that the liquid crystal layers 140c and 140d are
provided in plural. In other words, the display elements 110c and
110d shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 have a structure in which a plurality
of liquid crystal layers 140 are arranged horizontally with respect
to the front surface of the display element 110.
Referring to FIG. 30, the liquid crystal layer 140c may include a
first liquid crystal layer 140-1c configured to reflect light
having a first wavelength range, a second liquid crystal layer
140-2c configured to reflect light having a second wavelength
range, and a third liquid crystal layer 140-3c configured to
reflect light having a third wavelength range. The liquid crystal
layers 140-1c, 140-2c, and 140-3c may be arranged horizontally with
respect to the front surface of the display element 110c.
The first liquid crystal layer 140-1c, the second liquid crystal
layer 140-2c, and the third liquid crystal layer 140-3c may each
reflect light having a wavelength range corresponding to at least
one of red-based light, green-based light, and blue-based light.
For example, the first liquid crystal layer 140-1c may reflect
light having a red wavelength range, the second liquid crystal
layer 140-2c may reflect light having a green wavelength range, and
the third liquid crystal layer 140-3c may reflect light having a
blue wavelength range.
Referring to FIG. 31, the liquid crystal layer 140d may include a
first liquid crystal layer 140-1d configured to reflect light
having a first wavelength range, a second liquid crystal layer
140-2d configured to reflect light having a second wavelength
range, a third liquid crystal layer 140-3d configured to reflect
light having a third wavelength range, and a fourth liquid crystal
layer 140-4d configured to reflect light having a fourth wavelength
range. The liquid crystal layers 140-1d, 140-2d, 140-3d, and 140-4d
may be arranged horizontally with respect to a virtual plane
parallel to the display element 110d.
The fourth liquid crystal layer 140-4d may reflect light having a
wavelength range other than the red wavelength range, green
wavelength range, and blue wavelength range. For example, the
fourth liquid crystal layer 140-4d may reflect light having a
yellow or white wavelength range, and examples of the wavelength
range of the light reflected by the fourth liquid crystal layer
140-4d are not limited thereto.
The display elements 110d shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 may have a
structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers for
reflecting light of different wavelength ranges are horizontally
arranged, and thus may implement various colors compared to the
display element 110 shown in FIG. 2.
Subsequently, various modifications of an electrode structure of
the display element 110 provided in the smart window device 100
according to an embodiment will be described with reference to
FIGS. 32 to 34.
FIG. 32 is a view showing a modification of an electrode structure
formed on a substrate surface, FIG. 33 is a view showing a section
of the electrode structure shown in FIG. 32, and FIG. 34 is a view
showing various modifications of the electrode structure.
In the above-described embodiment, it is assumed that the electrode
structure is disposed over or under the transparency adjustment
layer 130 or the liquid crystal layer 140. In other words, a case
in which a twisted nematic (TN) scheme is applied has been
described. The TN scheme is a technique for driving liquid crystal
molecules by installing an electrode between two substrates,
arranging the liquid crystal molecules to be twisted by 90 degrees,
and then applying a voltage to the electrode. The TN scheme
provides excellent contrast and color reproducibility, but has a
narrow viewing angle.
In order to solve the problem of the narrow viewing angle of the TN
scheme, a structure of an In-Plane Switching (IPS) electrode 121a
may be applied to the display element 110 according to the
disclosed invention, as shown in FIG. 32. The IPS is one method of
forming two electrodes on a single substrate and adjusting a
director of liquid crystals by using a transverse electric field
generated between the two electrodes 121a. When the structure in
which the electrodes 121a are horizontally disposed is employed, a
rotation distance of a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C is
shortened. Thus, it is possible to improve rotational speed of the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C.
Depending on the embodiment, the structure of the electrode 121a
may be provided as a dual spiral structure. When the structure of
the electrode 121a is formed as a dual spiral structure, the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C may be oriented in a wide
direction. Thus, it is possible to improve the viewing angle to 90
degrees or higher.
The display element 110 according to an embodiment of the disclosed
invention may be driven in Fringe Field Switching (FFS) as well as
in the ISP. In detail, referring to FIG. 31, the electrode 121a may
be formed to protrude from the surface of the substrate, and a
common electrode 121b may be disposed inside the substrate. When
the electrode 121a is formed as a protrusion structure, a field
between such protruding electrodes 121a is strengthened, and thus
it is possible to reduce a driving voltage. That is, a space
between the electrodes 121a is formed to be narrow. Thus, a fringe
field may be formed between the electrodes 121a, and liquid crystal
molecules may be operated by the fringe field formed between the
electrodes 121a.
Depending on the embodiment, the electrode protrusion structure may
be provided in various shapes. Referring to FIG. 34, the electrode
protrusion structure may be provided in a rectangular shape 121c, a
trapezoidal shape 121d, or a triangular shape 121e as well as in a
circular shape. The electrode protrusion structure may be formed by
variously providing the shape of a polymer that supports the
electrode.
The display element of the smart window device may further include
a quantum layer provided to improve optical characteristics of a
liquid crystal layer. A modification of the display element that
further includes the quantum layer will be described below.
FIG. 35 is a view showing an example of a display element 110e
provided in a smart window device 100a according to another
embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 35, the display element 110e includes a first
substrate 120-1, a liquid crystal layer 140e disposed adjacent to
the first substrate 120-1, a second substrate 120-2 disposed
adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 140e, a quantum layer 150e
disposed adjacent to the second substrate 120-2, and a third
substrate 120-3 disposed adjacent to the quantum layer 150e.
The display element 110e according to this embodiment may have a
structure in which electrodes are disposed over and under each
layer. Here, the foregoing description with reference to FIG. 2
that is associated with the electrode structure will be omitted.
Depending on the embodiment, the electrode structure of the display
element 110e may employ a structure in which electrodes are
horizontally arranged on each layer of the substrate instead of the
structure in which electrodes are disposed over and under each
layer. That is, an IPS electrode structure, an FFS electrode
structure, or an IPS/FFS electrode structure may be employed, and
thus it is possible to improve a driving speed of the display
element 110e. The foregoing description with reference to FIGS. 32
to 34 that is associated with the modification of the electrode
structure will be omitted. For convenience of description, it is
assumed that the electrode structure is a structure in which
electrodes are disposed over and under each layer.
The liquid crystal layer 140e, which is a layer provided to
implement red color, green color, or blue color, may be provided
between the first substrate 120-1 and the second substrate
120-2.
The liquid crystal layer 140e may be provided as a single layer. In
this case, the liquid crystal layer 140e may have the structures
that have been described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Here, the
foregoing description with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 will be
omitted.
A plurality of layers may be provided as the liquid crystal layer
140e. In this case, the plurality of liquid crystal layers 140e may
be stacked vertically with respect to the display element 110 or
may be arranged horizontally with respect to a virtual plane
parallel to the display element 110. The associated foregoing
description associated with a case in which a plurality of layers
are provided as the liquid crystal layer 140e will be omitted, and
a structure in which the plurality of liquid crystal layers 140e
are horizontally arranged will be described below.
The liquid crystal layer 140e may have a structure in which a
plurality of liquid crystal layers 140-1e, 140-2e, and 140-3e are
arranged horizontally with respect to a virtual plane parallel to
the display element 110e. The liquid crystal layer 140e may include
a first liquid crystal layer 140-1e configured to reflect light
having a first wavelength range, a second liquid crystal layer
140-2e configured to reflect light having a second wavelength
range, and a third liquid crystal layer 140-3e configured to
reflect light having a third wavelength range.
The first liquid crystal layer 140-1e, the second liquid crystal
layer 140-2e, and the third liquid crystal layer 140-3e may each
reflect light having a wavelength range corresponding to at least
one of red-based light, green-based light, and blue-based light.
For example, the first liquid crystal layer 140-1e may reflect
light having a red wavelength range, the second liquid crystal
layer 140-2e may reflect light having a green wavelength range, and
the third liquid crystal layer 140-3e may reflect light having a
blue wavelength range.
Depending on the embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 140e may
further include a fourth liquid crystal layer configured to reflect
light having a fourth wavelength range. In this case, the fourth
liquid layer may reflect light having a wavelength range other than
those of the red-based light, the green-based light, and the
blue-based light.
The quantum layer 150e, which is a layer provided to implement
optical characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 140e, may be
disposed between the second substrate 120-2 and the third substrate
120-3. Depending on the embodiment, the quantum layer 150e may be
provided between the first substrate 120-1 and the second substrate
120-2, and the liquid crystal layer 140e may be provided between
the second substrate 120-2 and the third substrate 120-3.
The quantum layer 150e may be patterned to match the structure of
the liquid crystal layer 140e. In this embodiment, the liquid
crystal layer 140e is arranged horizontally with respect to a
virtual plane parallel to the display element 110e. Referring to
FIG. 33, the quantum layer 150e may also be arranged horizontally
with respect to a virtual plane parallel to the display element
110e. More specifically, the first, second, and third liquid
crystal layers 140-1e, 140-2e, and 140-3e may each be arranged
horizontally with respect to the front surface of the display
element 110e, and also the first, second, and third quantum layers
150-1e, 150-2e, and 150-3e may each be arranged horizontally with
respect to the front surface of the display element 110e.
The quantum layer 150e may include a cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C and a quantum rod QR, and the quantum rod QR may be
disposed to form a helical structure together with the cholesteric
liquid crystal molecule C.
Generally, the quantum rod QR has a low solubility in the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C. When a large amount of
quantum rod QR is added to the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule
C, aggregation may occur between such quantum rods QR. Thus, it is
possible to reduce the emitting properties of the quantum layer
150e.
In this case, the quantum layer 150e of the display element 110
according to the disclosed invention includes a quantum rod QR
having a structure in which a surfactant is bonded to a surface of
the quantum rod QR, and thus it is possible to increase the
solubility of the quantum rod QR in the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C.
FIG. 36 is a view showing an example in which a surfactant is
bonded to a surface of the quantum rod QR. Referring to FIG. 36,
the quantum rod QR according to an example may have a surfactant
bonded combined at both sides.
Generally, the quantum rod QR, which is an inorganic substance, has
a property of being insoluble in the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C, which is an organic substance. Thus, the display
element 110 according to the disclosed invention may bond an
organic surfactant to the surface of the quantum rod QR to
facilitate mixing of the quantum rod QR, which is an inorganic
substance, in the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C, which is
an organic substance. In this case, the organic surfactant may have
a portion favorable to the quantum rod QR at one end and a portion
favorable to the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C at the other
end.
The surfactant may have a structure as shown in the following
structural formulas 1 to 4.
##STR00001##
Referring to structural formulas 1 to 4, the surfactant, which
contains phosphorus P, has one end with a property of easily
bonding to the quantum rod QR and the other end with a property of
easily bonding to the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C. As a
result, by bonding the surfactant to one end of the quantum rod QR
having the structure as shown in structural formulas 1 to 4, it is
possible to increase the solubility of the quantum rod QR in the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C.
However, examples of available surfactant are not limited to the
above examples (i.e., dendritic surfactant with 3 promesogenic
biphenyl units (structural formula 2), 1-hexlyphosphonic acid
(structural formula 3), or the like) and may include modifications
readily conceivable to those skilled in the art.
Depending on the embodiment, various kinds of surfactant may be
used. This is because it is difficult to bond a sufficient amount
of surfactant to the surface of the quantum rod QR because of
structural properties of the surfactant when the surfactant has a
too large particle. According to an example, the surfactant of
structural formula 2 and the surfactant of structural formula 3 may
be bonded to the surface of the quantum rod QR at a ratio of 1:4.
By providing the surfactant mixing ratio as described above, it is
possible to improve the dispersibility of the quantum rod QR in the
cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C. However, the type and the
mixing ratio of available surfactant are not limited to the above
example.
The surfactant may be bonded to both ends of the quantum rod QR. In
other words, the quantum rod QR may be end-capped by the
surfactant, and thus it is possible to improve a response speed of
the display element 110e.
Generally, surfactant may be more easily bonded to the surface of a
quantum dot, which has an uniform orientation, than to the surface
of a bar rod having a uniform orientation. However, the surface of
the quantum rod QR has different orientations, and thus a process
different from that of a quantum dot may be required in order to
bond a surfactant to both ends of the quantum rod QR.
A process of bonding a surfactant to both the ends of the quantum
rod QR will be described below.
First, the surface of the quantum rod QR may be coated with
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by a seed-mediated route.
Subsequently, L-cysteine is added to a solution prepared by mixing
a quantum rod (QR) and sodium chloride to connect both ends of the
quantum rod QR. L-cysteine has a property of preferentially bonding
to the ends of the quantum rod QR. When the ends of the quantum rod
QR is connected, the quantum rod QR may be dispersed through
ultrasonic treatment. Subsequently, the remaining CTAB around the
quantum rod QR is functionalized to a surfactant having structural
formula 2. Subsequently, the L-cysteine at the ends of the quantum
rod QR is functionalized to dithiol. Surfactants of structural
formulas 2 and 3 may be grafted at the ends of the quantum rod QR
at a ratio of 1:4 by a dithiol ligand. Subsequently, the surfactant
of structural formula 2 is replaced with HS-PEO. Once the
surfactants of structural formulas 2 and 3 are successfully bonded
to the ends of the quantum rod QR, the ends of the quantum rod QR
may form an end-capped structure in which the ends are not
superimposed on each other. The method of forming the end-capped
structure of the quantum rod QR is not limited thereto, and may
include modifications readily conceivable to those skilled in the
art.
By using a structure in which the surfactant is end-capped at the
ends of the quantum rod QR, it is possible to improve a response
speed of the display element 110e. That is, when an electric field
is applied, the arrangement of the cholesteric liquid crystal
molecule C may be quickly changed along the surfactant provided at
the ends of the quantum rod QR. AS a result, it is possible to
improve a response speed of the display element 110.
Depending on the embodiment, the display element 110e may include a
touch panel provided to receive a user's touch and a front light
panel provided in preparation for low external brightness. However,
the touch panel and the front light panel may be omitted depending
on cases.
An example of mode switching of the quantum layer 150e due to
application of an electric field will be described below.
FIG. 37 is an enlarged view of an emitting mode of the quantum
layer 150e of the display element 110 according to an embodiment,
and FIG. 38 is an enlarged view of a transparent mode of the
quantum layer 150e of the display element 110 according to an
embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 37, when no electric field is applied to the
quantum layer 150e, a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C and a
quantum rod QR may form a texture structure in a planer state. That
is, the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule C and the quantum rod
QR may be formed by repeating a molecular twist at regular
intervals. In this case, a portion of light incident on the quantum
layer 150e exhibits fluorescence by the quantum rod QR.
Fluorescence is a phenomenon in which a material emits light by an
optical stimulus, and the wavelength range of emitted light may
vary depending on the size of the quantum rod QR. More
specifically, when the size of the quantum rod QR is small, the
band gap of the quantum rod QR may increase, and thus the
wavelength range of the emitted light may decrease. Also, when the
size of the quantum rod QR is large, the band gap of the quantum
rod QR may decrease, and thus the wavelength range of the emitted
light may increase.
Referring to FIG. 38, when an electric field is applied to the
quantum layer 150e, a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule(?) C
forms a texture structure in a homeotropic state, and a property in
which the quantum rod QR exhibits fluorescence is significantly
reduced. As a result, the quantum layer 150e is switched to the
transparent mode.
Several embodiments of the display element according to the
disclosed invention have been described above. The structure of the
display element according to the disclosed invention is not limited
to the above example. That is, the display element may have a
structure in which a transparency adjustment layer, a quantum
layer, and a liquid crystal layer are mixed and may include
modifications that can be readily carried out by those skilled in
the art. In addition, it will be appreciated that the display
element according to the disclosed invention may be implemented in
conjunction with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) scheme or a
liquid-crystal display (LCD) scheme.
A control method of the smart window system will be described
below.
The control method of the smart window system according to an
embodiment includes setting a control mode of a display element
110, determining a control condition of the display element 110
according to the set control mode, and controlling a state of the
display element 110. For convenience of description, the control
method will be described by using a display element 110 including a
liquid crystal layer 140 and a transparency adjustment layer 130
(see FIGS. 2 to 10) as an example. However, the control method of
the smart window system, which will be described below, may be
applied to a display element 110 including a quantum layer 150e or
a display element 110 including a liquid crystal layer 140 and a
quantum layer 150e as well as a display element 110 having the
above-described structure.
FIG. 39 is a flowchart showing a control method of a smart window
system according to an embodiment, and FIGS. 40 to 42 are views
showing examples of control of the smart window system according to
an embodiment. For convenience of description, the control method
of the smart window system will be described on the assumption that
a state of a display element 110 is determined by a controller 180
of a smart window device 100.
Referring to FIG. 39, the control method of the smart window system
according to an embodiment includes setting a control mode of the
display element 110 (310), determining a control condition of the
display element 110 according to the set control mode (340), and
controlling a state of the display element 110 (345).
Specifically, the setting of a control mode of the display element
110 may include setting the control mode of the display element 110
to an automatic mode or a manual mode. The control mode may be set
through an input device connected to the smart window device 100 in
a wired or wireless manner. Depending on the embodiment, the
control mode may be pre-programmed by a manufacture when a vehicle
10 is manufactured, and the setting conditions of the control mode
may be changed by a user.
When the control mode of the display element 110 is set to a manual
control mode, a step of receiving a control command for the display
element 110 from the user may be performed (315, 320). In detail,
the control command for the display element 110 may be received
from the user through the input device, and the state of the
display element 110 may be controlled according to the received
control command.
When the control mode of the display element 110 is set to an
automatic control mode, a process of collecting ambient information
through a sensor unit 260 may be performed (315, 325). The sensor
unit 260 may include at least one of a voice sensor, a gesture
sensor, a temperature sensor, an illuminance sensor, and a distance
sensor, and the sensor unit 260 may collect ambient information at
predetermined intervals.
The voice sensor may collect the control command for the display
element 110 provided in the form of a voice from the user and may
output the control command to the controller 180. The gesture
sensor may collect gesture information of the user and may output
the gesture information to the controller 180. The temperature
sensor may collect information regarding external or internal
temperature of the vehicle 10 and may output the collected
information to the controller 180. The illuminance sensor may
collect information regarding external illuminance of the vehicle
10 and may output the collected information to the controller 180.
The distance sensor may collect information regarding a distance
between the vehicle 10 and an object outside the vehicle 10 and may
output the collected information to the controller 180.
When the sensor unit 260 collects ambient information and outputs
the collected ambient information to the controller 180, a state
control condition of the display element 110 is determined on the
basis of the collected information (340). In this case, the state
control condition of the display element 110 may be determined by a
program initially provided by a manufacturer and may be manually
determined by the user.
According to an example, a gesture recognition condition collected
by the gesture sensor may be provided prior to other conditions as
the state control condition of the display element 110.
Specifically, when a gesture command of the user is input while an
external temperature condition of the vehicle 10 satisfies a
predetermined temperature condition, a gesture detection condition
of the gesture sensor may be determined as the control condition of
the display element 110. Depending on the embodiment, when both of
a detection condition of the distance sensor and the gesture
detection condition of the gesture sensor are satisfied, the
detection condition of the gesture sensor rather than the detection
condition of the distance sensor may be determined as the control
condition of the display element 110.
When the state control condition of the display element 110 is
determined, the controller 180 may request state information of the
display element 110 corresponding to the determined state control
condition from the memory 170 and may receive the state information
and control the state of the display element 110.
FIG. 40 is a view showing an example in which the state of the
display element 110 is controlled when a voice recognition
condition (or a gesture recognition condition) is determined as the
state control condition of the display element 110.
Referring to FIG. 40, the state of the display element 110 may be
adjusted according to user voice recognition information collected
by the voice sensor (or gesture information detected by the gesture
sensor).
For example, all side glass of the vehicle 10 may be adjusted to be
transparent or opaque depending on information collected (or
detected) by the voice sensor (or the gesture sensor), and one of
two glasses may be adjusted to be opaque. Depending on the
embodiment, a target to be controlled, transparency, and the like
may be adjusted, and also color, a pattern, content displayed on
the display element 110, and the like may be adjusted in addition
to the transparency.
FIG. 41 is a view showing an example in which the state of the
display element 110 is controlled when a temperature detection
condition is determined as the state control condition of the
display element 110.
Also, referring to FIG. 41, the state of the display element 110
may be adjusted according to the information regarding external
temperature of the vehicle 10 detected by the temperature
sensor.
For example, when the external temperature of the vehicle 10 is
lower than a first temperature, the color of the display element
110 may be adjusted to a red-based color. When the external
temperature of the vehicle 10 is higher than the first temperature,
the color of the display element 110 may be adjusted to a
blue-based color. Depending on the embodiment, a target to be
controlled may be adjusted, and also transparency, a pattern,
content displayed on the display element 110, and the like may be
adjusted in addition to color.
FIG. 42 is a view showing an example in which the state of the
display element 110 is controlled when external illuminance of the
vehicle 10 is determined as the control condition of the display
element 110.
Referring to FIG. 42, the state of the display element 110 may be
adjusted according to external illuminance of the vehicle 10
detected by the Illuminance sensor.
For example, when the external illuminance of the vehicle 10 is
lower than a first illuminance, the display element 110 may be
adjusted to be transparent. When the external illuminance of the
vehicle 10 is higher than the first illuminance, the display
element 110 may be adjusted to be opaque. Depending on the
embodiment, a target to be controlled, transparency, and the like
may be adjusted, and also color, a pattern, content displayed on
the display element 110, and the like may be adjusted in addition
to the transparency.
FIG. 43 is a view showing an example in which the state of the
display element 110 is controlled when detection information of the
distance sensor is determined as the control condition of the
display element 110.
Referring to FIG. 43, the state of the display element 110 may be
adjusted according to information regarding a distance from an
external object collected by the distance sensor.
For example, when a distance between the vehicle 10 and an object
outside the vehicle 10 is shorter than or equal to a first
distance, the color of the display element 110 may be adjusted to a
red-based color. Depending on the embodiment, the target to be
controlled may be adjusted. According to an example, the color of
the display element 110 in a direction in which an external object
is detected may be adjusted and switched to a red-based color.
Also, it will be appreciated that transparency, a pattern, content
displayed on the display element 110, and the like may be adjusted
in addition to color.
The control method of the smart window system according to an
embodiment has been described above. Subsequently, a control method
of a smart window system according to another embodiment will be
described.
FIG. 44 is a flowchart showing the control method of the smart
window system according to another embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 44, the control method of the smart window system
according to another embodiment includes setting a control mode of
the display element 110 (310), determining a state control
condition of the display element 110 according to the set control
mode (340), and controlling a state of the display element 110
(345). Specifically, the control method of the display element 110
according to this embodiment differs from the control method of the
smart window system according to the above-described embodiment in
that a first display element provided in a front glass 12 (see FIG.
1) of the vehicle 10 is switched off while the vehicle 10 is
operating in the automatic control mode. This is to prevent a
driver's view from being disturbed while the vehicle 10 is
running.
More specifically, when the vehicle 10 is running in the automatic
control mode, the first display element may be switched off (330,
335). Subsequently, state control conditions of display elements
other than the first display element may be determined according to
the collected information (335, 340).
On the other hand, when the vehicle 10 is not running in the
automatic control mode, the state control conditions of all the
display elements may be determined according to the collected
information (340).
While an embodiment of the present invention has been particularly
shown and described, the embodiments are not limited to particular
embodiments and it will be understood by those skilled in the art
that various changes in form and details may be made therein
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *