U.S. patent number 11,193,333 [Application Number 17/079,655] was granted by the patent office on 2021-12-07 for automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Southwest Petroleum University. The grantee listed for this patent is Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Southwest Petroleum University. Invention is credited to Yufa He, Shunxiao Huang, Qingping Li, Xushen Li, Yanjun Li, Zhong Li, Hexing Liu, Qingyou Liu, Jiang Lu, Yang Tang, Guorong Wang, Leizhen Wang, Jiaxin Yao, Lin Zhong, Shouwei Zhou, Jianglin Zhu.
United States Patent |
11,193,333 |
Tang , et al. |
December 7, 2021 |
Automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of
natural gas hydrate
Abstract
The present invention provides an automatic jet breaking tool
for solid fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate, which
mainly includes an upper joint, an outer cylinder, an inner sliding
sleeve, a lockup sliding sleeve, a thrust bearing, a spring, a jet
joint, a telescopic jet sprinkler, a plug block and an extrusion
seal ring. The present invention mainly adopts the principle of
throttling control pressure to control the position of the inner
sliding sleeve by controlling a flow rate of a drilling fluid, so
as to turn on and turn off the jet breaking tool. The application
of the present invention can realize automatic jet breaking of
solid fluidization exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, reduce
procedures of a round trip operation, and effectively improve the
efficiency and safety of the exploitation operation of the natural
gas hydrate.
Inventors: |
Tang; Yang (Chengdu,
CN), Huang; Shunxiao (Chengdu, CN), Wang;
Guorong (Chengdu, CN), Liu; Qingyou (Chengdu,
CN), Zhou; Shouwei (Chengdu, CN), Li;
Xushen (Zhanjiang, CN), Zhong; Lin (Chengdu,
CN), Li; Qingping (Zhanjiang, CN), He;
Yufa (Zhanjiang, CN), Li; Zhong (Zhanjiang,
CN), Li; Yanjun (Zhanjiang, CN), Liu;
Hexing (Zhanjiang, CN), Zhu; Jianglin (Zhanjiang,
CN), Yao; Jiaxin (Chengdu, CN), Lu;
Jiang (Zhanjiang, CN), Wang; Leizhen (Chengdu,
CN) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Southwest Petroleum University
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory
(Zhanjiang) |
Chengdu
Zhanjiang |
N/A
N/A |
CN
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
Southwest Petroleum University
(Chengdu, CN)
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory
(Zhanjiang) (Zhanjiang, CN)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005979712 |
Appl.
No.: |
17/079,655 |
Filed: |
October 26, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20210140243 A1 |
May 13, 2021 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Nov 8, 2019 [CN] |
|
|
201911087346.9 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
41/0099 (20200501); E21B 7/18 (20130101); E21B
43/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
7/18 (20060101); E21B 41/00 (20060101); E21B
43/01 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
202249987 |
|
May 2012 |
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CN |
|
102536187 |
|
Jul 2012 |
|
CN |
|
202745847 |
|
Feb 2013 |
|
CN |
|
105201476 |
|
Dec 2015 |
|
CN |
|
108678671 |
|
Oct 2018 |
|
CN |
|
208734279 |
|
Apr 2019 |
|
CN |
|
110005379 |
|
Jul 2019 |
|
CN |
|
Primary Examiner: Wright; Giovanna
Assistant Examiner: Akaragwe; Yanick A
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate, comprising: an upper joint
(1), an outer cylinder (2), an inner sliding sleeve (3), a lockup
sliding sleeve (4), a thrust bearing (5), a spring (6), a jet joint
(7), a telescopic jet sprinkler (8), a plug block (9) and an
extrusion seal ring (10), wherein the upper joint (1) is located on
the leftmost side of the whole device, the outer cylinder (2) is
connected to the right side of the upper joint (1) by thread, the
inner sliding sleeve (3) is mounted inside the outer cylinder (2),
the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is mounted to an outer ring side of
the inner sliding sleeve (3), the thrust bearing (5) is disposed on
the right side of the lockup sliding sleeve (4), the spring (6) is
disposed between the thrust bearing (5) and an inner side of the
outer cylinder (2), the jet joint (7) is connected to the right
side of the outer cylinder (2) by thread, the plug block (9) is
connected to the interior of the jet joint (7) by thread, the
telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is connected to an outer ring side of
the jet joint (7) by thread, and the extrusion seal ring (10) is
mounted to an outer ring side of the plug block (9) through a seal
ring mounting groove (901).
2. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the upper joint (1) is provided with a self-locking guide groove
(106), an unlocking guide bevel (105) and a locking bevel (107) at
a lower end.
3. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the inner sliding sleeve (3) is designed with a self-locking guide
block (302), an inner sliding sleeve self-locking bevel (303), a
pressure balance hole (304) and a discharge groove (305) on an
upper-end outer ring side, and the inner sliding sleeve (3) is
designed with an extrusion seal face (307) at the lowest end.
4. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is provided with a lockup sliding
sleeve bevel (401) and a lockup sliding sleeve guide groove (402)
on an outer ring side and is provided with a bearing groove (403)
at the lowest end.
5. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the jet joint (7) is provided with 24 sprinkler holes (702) in
uniform staggered arrangement on a surface, is internally provided
with a sliding passage (703) and a plug block mounting thread (704)
and is provided with an annular hollow flow channel (705) at the
lowest end.
6. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is internally provided with a jet
nozzle (801), and the jet nozzle (801) is internally provided with
a pressurized nozzle flow channel (804), is provided with a nozzle
spring (805) on an outer side and is provided with a spring stop
(806) at a lower end.
7. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
the plug block (9) is provided with the seal ring mounting groove
(901).
8. The automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization
exploitation of natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein
in a normal drilling stage, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is not
locked, a jet tool is turned off, and a drilling fluid flows out
only through the flow channel (705) for a drilling operation; in a
jet breaking stage, a sufficiently large flow rate of the drilling
fluid is introduced, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is locked, the
jet sprinkler is opened, and the jet nozzle (801) in the telescopic
jet sprinkler (8) extends and ejects the drilling fluid for
circumferential jet breaking; in an operation stop stage, the flow
rate of the drilling fluid is first increased to push the inner
sliding sleeve (3) to unlock, then reduced and finally stopped, and
the inner sliding sleeve (3) rebounds by a thrust of the spring
(6), and the jet tool is turned off; in the next jet breaking
stage, a sufficiently large flow rate of the drilling fluid is
introduced, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is locked, the jet tool is
turned on, and the jet nozzle (801) in the telescopic jet sprinkler
(8) extends and ejects the drilling fluid for circumferential jet
breaking; and in the next operation stop stage, the flow rate of
the drilling fluid is first increased to push the inner sliding
sleeve (3) to unlock, then reduced and finally stopped, and the
inner sliding sleeve (3) rebounds by a thrust of the spring (6),
and the jet tool is turned off; in this way, the jet breaking tool
is reusable.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to Chinese Application No.
201911087346.9, filed on Nov. 8, 2019, entitled "automatic jet
breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural gas
hydrate". These contents are hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the technical field of jet
breaking during exploitation of natural gas hydrate, and
particularly to an automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
BACKGROUND
Natural gas hydrate, i.e. combustible ice, is an ice-like
crystalline substance distributed in deep-sea sediments or in
continental permafrost and formed by natural gas and water under
high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, which is one of the
most concerned energy sources in the world. As a new energy source,
it has huge global reserves, is clean and efficient, and plays a
crucial role in the future energy strategy. However, its
exploitation methods are not yet mature, and the existing
exploitation methods are all costly, with poor production
sustainability, low efficiency and no safety guarantee, so they
cannot be used for commercial exploitation. In terms of the ocean,
challenges are even greater, and there is a serious lack of
supporting tools and equipment.
In shallow natural gas hydrate exploitation operations in deep
seafloor, in order to increase the exposed area of the hydrate and
increase the mining quantity and continuous productivity, a
conventional bit is generally used for breaking and axial drilling
to form a pilot hole, and then injection breaking and
circumferential breaking are used to expand the borehole.
Currently, the jet breaking tool used in natural gas hydrate
exploitation has a simple structure, which cannot meet operation
requirements of solid fluidization exploitation of the natural gas
hydrate. The main problems are as follows:
(1) When the entire jet breaking tool is in a normal operating
state, if the flow rate of the drilling fluid fluctuates too much,
the stable operation of the entire jet breaking tool cannot be
effectively guaranteed.
(2) When the jet breaking tool is opened or closed, it is not
sensitive to control the tool to be turned on and turned off by
adjusting the flow rate of the drilling fluid.
(3) When the jet breaking tool is on, the drilling fluid may leak
in an axial flow channel, so that the flow rate and pressure of the
drilling fluid ejected from the jet sprinkler may be reduced.
(4) When the drilling fluid is ejected from the jet sprinkler, a
natural gas hydrate layer cannot be washed more directly, and the
breaking radius of the breaking tool is small.
In order to solve the problems in the existing jet breaking tool
for shallow natural gas hydrate in deep seafloor, improve
exploitation efficiency and exploitation quantity of natural gas
hydrate and promote the commercial exploitation process, an
automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of
natural gas hydrate is urgently needed, so as to achieve the
objective of automatically turning on and turning off the automatic
jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural
gas hydrate according to an actual exploitation condition of
natural gas hydrate. Meanwhile, the jet breaking tool can be
sensitively turned on and turned off. When the jet breaking tool
for natural gas hydrate is in an operating state, the opening
degree of the sliding sleeve is still stable when the flow rate
fluctuates, which makes the breaking operation of the jet breaking
tool more stable and reliable. An effect is achieved that leakage
of the drilling fluid at an axial outlet can be reduced when the
automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of
natural gas hydrate is on. When the breaking tool is used for
radial breaking, an internal jet nozzle can be extended to enable
the drilling fluid to break the natural gas hydrate layer more
directly and under a high pressure, so as to achieve the objective
of increasing the breaking radius and improving the exploitation
efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide an automatic
jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural
gas hydrate with respect to problems and requirements of the
existing jet breaking tool for shallow natural gas hydrate in deep
seafloor, so as to solve the problem of stability of the operation
of the jet breaking tool affected by fluctuation of the flow rate
of the drilling fluid, achieve an effect of more sensitively
turning on and turning off the jet breaking tool, and solve the
problem of leakage of the drilling fluid at an axial outlet,
thereby increasing the flow rate and pressure of the drilling fluid
ejected by the jet sprinkler and improving the breaking efficiency
of the jet breaking tool. Meanwhile, the jet breaking tool can
control the operating state of the jet breaking tool by adjusting
the flow rate of the drilling fluid without repeatedly lifting and
lowering the drill string. The jet breaking radius is increased by
using a telescopic sprinkler.
To achieve the above objective, the present invention adopts the
following technical solution:
An automatic jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation
of natural gas hydrate, including: an upper joint (1), an outer
cylinder (2), an inner sliding sleeve (3), a lockup sliding sleeve
(4), a thrust bearing (5), a spring (6), a jet joint (7), a
telescopic jet sprinkler (8), a plug block (9) and an extrusion
seal ring (10), wherein the upper joint (1) is located on the
leftmost side of the whole device, the outer cylinder (2) is
connected to the right side of the upper joint (1) by thread, the
inner sliding sleeve (3) is mounted inside the outer cylinder (2),
the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is mounted to an outer ring side of
the inner sliding sleeve (3), the thrust bearing (5) is disposed on
the right side of the lockup sliding sleeve (4), the spring (6) is
disposed between the thrust bearing (5) and an inner side of the
outer cylinder (2), the jet joint (7) is connected to the right
side of the outer cylinder (2) by thread, the plug block (9) is
connected to the interior of the jet joint (7) by thread, the
telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is connected to an outer ring side of
the jet joint (7) by thread, and the extrusion seal ring (10) is
mounted to an outer ring side of the plug block (9) through a seal
ring mounting groove (901).
Further, the upper joint (1) is designed with a self-locking guide
groove (106), an unlocking guide bevel (105) and a locking bevel
(107) at a lower end.
Further, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is designed with a
self-locking guide block (302), an inner sliding sleeve
self-locking bevel (303), a pressure balance hole (304) and a
discharge groove (305) on an upper-end outer ring side, and the
inner sliding sleeve (3) is designed with an extrusion seal face
(307) at the lowest end.
Further, the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is provided with a lockup
sliding sleeve bevel (401) and a lockup sliding sleeve guide groove
(402) on an outer ring side and is provided with a bearing groove
(403) at the lowest end.
Further, the jet joint (7) is provided with 24 sprinkler holes
(702) in uniform staggered arrangement on a surface, is internally
provided with a sliding passage (703) and a plug block mounting
thread (704) and is provided with an annular hollow flow channel
(705) at the lowest end.
Further, the telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is internally provided
with a jet nozzle (801), and the jet nozzle (801) is internally
provided with a pressurized nozzle flow channel (804), is provided
with a nozzle spring (805) on an outer side and is provided with a
spring stop (806) at a lower end.
Further, the plug block (9) is provided with the seal ring mounting
groove (901).
Further, in a normal drilling stage, the inner sliding sleeve (3)
is not locked, a jet tool is turned off, and a drilling fluid flows
out only through the flow channel (705) for a drilling operation;
in a jet breaking stage, a sufficiently large flow rate of the
drilling fluid is introduced, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is
locked, the jet sprinkler is opened, and the jet nozzle (801) in
the telescopic jet sprinkler (8) extends and ejects the drilling
fluid for circumferential jet breaking; in an operation stop stage,
the flow rate of drilling fluid is first increased to push the
inner sliding sleeve (3) to unlock, then reduced and finally
stopped, and the inner sliding sleeve (3) rebounds by a thrust of
the spring (6), and the jet tool is turned off; in the next jet
breaking stage, a sufficiently large flow rate of the drilling
fluid is introduced, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is locked, the
jet tool is turned on, and the jet nozzle (801) in the telescopic
jet sprinkler (8) extends and ejects the drilling fluid for
circumferential jet breaking; and in the next operation stop stage,
the flow rate of the drilling fluid is first increased to push the
inner sliding sleeve (3) to unlock, then reduced and finally
stopped, and the inner sliding sleeve (3) rebounds by a thrust of
the spring (6), and the jet tool is turned off; in this way, the
jet breaking tool is reusable.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has
the following beneficial effects:
(I) The operating state of the jet breaking tool can be controlled
by adjusting the flow rate of the drilling fluid without repeatedly
lifting and lowering the drill string.
(II) When the entire jet breaking tool is on or off, the opening
degree of the sliding sleeve is still stable when the flow rate
fluctuates.
(III) The pressurization principle, pressure balance hole, thrust
bearing and other structures are used to increase the axial thrust
of the drilling fluid for the inner sliding sleeve and reduce
direct friction between internal parts of the jet breaking tool, so
that the jet breaking tool is turned on and turned off more
conveniently and sensitively.
(IV) The leakage at the axial outlet of the drilling fluid is
reduced by extrusion seal, thereby increasing the flow rate and
pressure of the drilling fluid ejected by the jet sprinkler and
improving the breaking efficiency of the jet breaking tool.
(V) A telescopic jet sprinkler is designed to make the drilling
fluid break the natural gas hydrate layer more directly and under a
high pressure, so as to increase the breaking radius and improve
the exploitation efficiency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a general sectional view of an automatic jet breaking
tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural gas
hydrate;
FIG. 2 is a semi-sectional view of an unlock state of the automatic
jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural
gas hydrate;
FIG. 3 is a semi-sectional view of a lock state of the automatic
jet breaking tool for solid fluidization exploitation of natural
gas hydrate;
FIG. 4 is a main view of the automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate;
FIG. 5 is a three-fourth sectional view of an upper joint;
FIG. 6 is a three-fourth sectional view of an outer cylinder;
FIG. 7 is a front view of an inner sliding sleeve;
FIG. 8 is a three-fourth sectional view of the inner sliding
sleeve;
FIG. 9 is a main view of a lockup sliding sleeve;
FIG. 10 is a three-fourth sectional view of a jet joint;
FIG. 11 is a main view of a jet sprinkler;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the jet sprinkler; and
FIG. 13 is a main view of a plug block.
1: upper joint; 101: upper tool interface; 102: diversion port;
103: inner sliding sleeve limit port; 104: upper joint thread; 105:
unlocking guide bevel; 106: self-locking guide groove; 107: locking
bevel; 2: outer cylinder; 201: outer cylinder upper thread; 202:
spring limit port; 203: outer cylinder lower thread; 3: inner
sliding sleeve; 301: drilling fluid diversion port; 302:
self-locking guide block; 303: inner sliding sleeve self-blocking
bevel; 304: pressure balance hole; 305: discharge groove; 306:
pressurization flow channel; 307: extrusion seal face; 4: lockup
sliding sleeve; 401: lockup sliding sleeve bevel; 402: lockup
sliding sleeve guide groove; 403: bearing groove; 5: thrust
bearing; 6: spring; 7: jet joint; 701: lower joint thread; 702:
sprinkler hole; 703: sliding passage; 704: plug block mounting
thread; 705: flow channel; 706: axial flow hole; 8: telescopic jet
sprinkler; 801: jet nozzle; 802: nozzle limit surface; 803: nozzle
spring limit surface; 804: nozzle pressurization flow channel; 805:
nozzle spring; 806: spring limit block; 807: jet sprinkler thread;
9: plug block; 901: seal ring mounting groove; 902: plug block
thread; 10: extrusion seal ring.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, an automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate includes an upper
joint (1), an outer cylinder (2), an inner sliding sleeve (3), a
lockup sliding sleeve (4), a thrust bearing (5), a spring (6), a
jet joint (7), a telescopic jet sprinkler (8), a plug block (9) and
an extrusion seal ring (10), the upper joint (1) is located on the
leftmost side of the whole device, the outer cylinder (2) is
connected to the right side of the upper joint (1) by thread, the
inner sliding sleeve (3) is mounted inside the outer cylinder (2),
the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is mounted to an outer ring side of
the inner sliding sleeve (3), the thrust bearing (5) is disposed on
the right side of the lockup sliding sleeve (4), the spring (6) is
disposed between the thrust bearing (5) and an inner side of the
outer cylinder (2), the jet joint (7) is connected to the right
side of the outer cylinder (2) by thread, the plug block (9) is
connected to the interior of the jet joint (7) by thread, the
telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is connected to an outer ring side of
the jet joint (7) by thread, and the extrusion seal ring (10) is
mounted to an outer ring side of the plug block (9) through a seal
ring mounting groove (901).
As shown in FIG. 5, the upper joint (1) is designed with an upper
tool interface (101), a diversion port (102), an inner sliding
sleeve limit port (103), an upper joint thread (104), an unlocking
guide bevel (105), a self-locking guide groove (106) and a locking
bevel (107), and the upper joint thread (104) is used to connect to
the outer cylinder (2).
As shown in FIG. 6, the outer cylinder (2) is designed with a
drilling fluid upper thread (201), a spring limit port (202) and an
outer cylinder lower thread (203), the outer cylinder upper thread
(201) is used to connect to the upper joint (1), the spring limit
port (202) is used to hold the spring (6), and the outer cylinder
lower thread (203) is used to connect to the lower jet joint
(7).
As shown in FIGS. 7-8, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is designed
with a drilling fluid diversion port (301), a self-locking guide
block (302), an inner sliding sleeve self-blocking bevel (303), a
pressure balance hole (304), a discharge groove (305), a
pressurization flow channel (306) and an extrusion seal face (307).
The drilling fluid diversion port (301) pressurizes the drilling
fluid into the inner sliding sleeve (3). The pressurization flow
channel (306) can convert more fluid power into an axial thrust for
the inner sliding sleeve and increase the pressure of the drilling
fluid entering the inner sliding sleeve. The pressure balance hole
(304) can balance the pressure between the inner sliding sleeve (3)
and the outer cylinder (2), which makes the axial thrust of the
drilling fluid acting on the inner sliding sleeve (3) greater. The
function of the discharge groove (305) is that the drilling fluid
flows through the discharge groove (305) towards the telescopic jet
sprinkler (8) and is ejected out when the jet tool is turned on.
When the inner sliding sleeve (3) moves downward and the jet tool
is on, the extrusion seal face (307) and the extrusion seal ring
(10) deform to achieve a sealing effect.
As shown in FIG. 9, the lockup sliding sleeve (4) is uniformly
provided with a lockup sliding sleeve bevel (401), a lockup sliding
sleeve guide groove (402) and a bearing groove (403), the thrust
bearing (5) is disposed in the bearing groove (403), one side of
the spring (6) abuts against the thrust bearing (5), and the other
side abuts against the spring limit port (202).
As shown in FIG. 10, the jet joint (7) is provided with a sprinkler
hole (702) on a surface, and is internally provided with a lower
joint thread (701), a sliding passage (703), a plug block mounting
thread (704), a flow channel (705) and an axial flow hole (706).
The lower joint thread (701) is used to connect to the outer
cylinder (2). The sprinkler hole (702) is used to mount the
telescopic jet sprinkler (8). The inner diameter of the sliding
passage (703) is the same as the outer diameter of the lower end of
the inner sliding sleeve (3), and the two match with each other to
achieve the purpose of sealing. The plug block mounting thread
(704) is used to mount the plug block (9). When the inner sliding
sleeve (3) is unlocked, the drilling fluid can be circulated in the
flow channel (705). The axial flow hole (706) can make the
diffusion radius of the drilling fluid flowing through the flow
channel (705) larger, which achieves a good breaking drilling
effect.
As shown in FIGS. 11-12, the telescopic jet sprinkler (8) is
provided with a jet nozzle (801), a nozzle limit surface (802), a
nozzle spring limit surface (803), a nozzle pressurization flow
channel (804), a nozzle spring (805), a spring limit block (806),
and a jet sprinkler thread (807). The jet nozzle (801) is
internally provided with the nozzle pressurization flow channel
(804) to increase the pressure of the drilling fluid. The function
of the nozzle limit surface (802) is to hold the jet nozzle (801)
when the jet nozzle (801) rebounds. The nozzle spring (805) is
mounted to an outer ring side of the jet nozzle (801), and
simultaneously holds the nozzle spring limit surface (803) and the
spring limit block (806). The spring limit block (806) is connected
to the jet nozzle (801) by thread. When the jet breaking tool is
on, the drilling fluid is ejected from the telescopic jet sprinkler
(8). Under the pressure of the drilling fluid, the jet nozzle (801)
overcomes an elastic force of the nozzle spring (805) to extend
outward, making the breaking radius of the jet breaking tool larger
and the exploitation efficiency higher. When the jet breaking tool
is off, no drilling fluid passes through the jet nozzle (801), and
the jet nozzle (801) is returned to its position by a rebound force
of the nozzle spring (805).
As shown in FIG. 13, the plug block (9) is provided with a seal
ring mounting groove (901) on a ring side and is provided with a
plug block thread (902) at a lower end. The plug block thread (902)
is used to connect to the plug block mounting thread (704). The
seal ring mounting groove (901) is used to mount the extrusion seal
ring (10). When the inner sliding sleeve (3) is locked, the
extrusion seal face (307) and the extrusion seal ring (10) deform
to achieve a sealing effect.
In the initial drilling process, the automatic jet breaking tool
for solid fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate is
initially in an unlocked state, in which case the inner sliding
sleeve (3) is located at an upper end, the self-locking guide block
(302) on the surface of the inner sliding sleeve (3) is located in
the self-locking guide groove (106) at the lower end of the upper
joint (1), the lockup sliding sleeve bevel (401) on the lockup
sliding sleeve (4) is also located in the self-locking guide groove
(106), and the tip position of the lockup sliding sleeve bevel
(401) is at half of the inner sliding sleeve self-locking bevel
(303) on the surface of the inner sliding sleeve (3). In the
unlocked state, the drilling fluid flows from the flow channel
(705) to the axial flow hole (706) for axially breaking the natural
gas hydrate layer. When the flow rate of the drilling fluid
increases to a certain extent, the axial thrust received by the
inner sliding sleeve (3) increases to a certain value, so that the
inner sliding sleeve (3) overcomes the thrust of the spring (6) to
move down, and the self-locking guide block (302) on the surface of
the inner sliding sleeve (3) moves along the self-locking guide
groove (106) at the lower end of the upper joint (1) and eventually
moves out of the self-locking guide groove (106). When the flow
rate of the drilling fluid increases and then returns to a smaller
value, the original tip position of the lockup sliding sleeve bevel
(401) is at half of the inner sliding sleeve self-locking bevel
(303) on the surface of the inner sliding sleeve (3). Without the
constraint of the self-locking guide groove (106), the tip position
of the lockup sliding sleeve bevel (401) slides down the inner
sliding sleeve self-locking bevel (303) on the surface of the inner
sliding sleeve (3) to the bottom end of the inner sliding sleeve
self-locking bevel (303), and when the flow rate of the drilling
fluid further decreases, the axial thrust received by the inner
sliding sleeve (3) decreases and the lockup sliding sleeve bevel
(401) slides along the locking bevel (107) and eventually stops at
the bottom end of the locking bevel (107). In this case, due to the
constraint of the locking bevel (107), even if the flow rate of the
drilling fluid is reduced, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is still
located at the lower end, the automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate is on, and the
drilling fluid flows through the discharge groove (305) to the
telescopic jet sprinkler (8) and ejects, for circumferentially
breaking the natural gas hydrate layer. When the flow rate of the
drilling fluid increases to a certain extent again, the axial
thrust received by the inner sliding sleeve (3) increases to a
certain value, so that the inner sliding sleeve (3) overcomes the
thrust of the spring (6) to move down, and the self-locking guide
block (302) on the surface of the inner sliding sleeve (3) moves
axially along the locking bevel (107) at the lower end of the upper
joint (1) and eventually moves out of the locking bevel (107). When
the flow rate of the drilling fluid increases and then returns to a
smaller value, the original tip position of the lockup sliding
sleeve bevel (401) is at half of the inner sliding sleeve
self-locking bevel (303) on the surface of the inner sliding sleeve
(3). Without the constraint of the locking bevel (107), the tip
position of the lockup sliding sleeve bevel (401) slides down the
inner sliding sleeve self-locking bevel (303) on the surface of the
inner sliding sleeve (3) to the bottom end of the inner sliding
sleeve self-locking bevel (303), and when the flow rate of the
drilling fluid further decreases, the axial thrust received by the
inner sliding sleeve (3) decreases and the lockup sliding sleeve
bevel (401) slides along the unlocking guide bevel (105) and
eventually falls into the self-locking guide groove (106) and
slides along the self-locking guide groove (106) to stop at its
lowest end. In this case, the inner sliding sleeve (3) is located
at the upper end, the automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate returns to the
unlocked state, the drilling fluid flows from the flow channel
(705) to the axial flow hole (706) for axially breaking the natural
gas hydrate layer. Thus, the automatic jet breaking tool for solid
fluidization exploitation of natural gas hydrate is turned on and
turned off by controlling the flow rate of the drilling fluid, so
as to change the form of breaking the natural gas hydrate
layer.
* * * * *