U.S. patent number 11,185,482 [Application Number 15/967,815] was granted by the patent office on 2021-11-30 for alcohol containing low-water cleansing composition.
This patent grant is currently assigned to GOJO Industries, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is GOJO Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Nick E. Ciavarella, Dewain Garner, Venkatesan Padyachi, Srini Venkatesh, Daniel M. Willis.
United States Patent |
11,185,482 |
Padyachi , et al. |
November 30, 2021 |
Alcohol containing low-water cleansing composition
Abstract
A low-water cleansing composition is provided that includes 5.0
wt. % to less than 40 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol,
at least 10.0 wt. % of a mixture of two or more surfactants, at
least 0.05 wt. % of a pH adjuster; and water, the concentrations
being based on a total weight of the low-water cleansing
composition.
Inventors: |
Padyachi; Venkatesan (Kendall
Park, NJ), Venkatesh; Srini (Hudson, OH), Willis; Daniel
M. (Clinton, OH), Ciavarella; Nick E. (Seven Hills,
OH), Garner; Dewain (Copley, OH) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
GOJO Industries, Inc. |
Akron |
OH |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
GOJO Industries, Inc. (Akron,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005964516 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/967,815 |
Filed: |
May 1, 2018 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20180311127 A1 |
Nov 1, 2018 |
|
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
62492622 |
May 1, 2017 |
|
|
|
|
62555986 |
Sep 8, 2017 |
|
|
|
|
62609487 |
Dec 22, 2017 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K
8/046 (20130101); A61K 8/34 (20130101); A61Q
17/005 (20130101); A61Q 19/10 (20130101); A61K
2800/75 (20130101); A61K 2800/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
8/34 (20060101); A61Q 19/10 (20060101); C11D
1/02 (20060101); C11D 1/88 (20060101); A61K
8/04 (20060101); A61Q 17/00 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
669450 |
|
Jun 1996 |
|
AU |
|
2005209647 |
|
Oct 2005 |
|
AU |
|
101756803 |
|
Jun 2010 |
|
CN |
|
107669667 |
|
Feb 2018 |
|
CN |
|
108324635 |
|
Jul 2018 |
|
CN |
|
4444237 |
|
Jun 1996 |
|
DE |
|
63054311 |
|
Mar 1988 |
|
JP |
|
20100078777 |
|
Jul 2010 |
|
KR |
|
2008/157847 |
|
Dec 2008 |
|
WO |
|
2016/104692 |
|
Jun 2016 |
|
WO |
|
WO 2016/104692 |
|
Jun 2016 |
|
WO |
|
Other References
International Search Report and Written Opinion from
PCT/US2018/030444 dated Jul. 25, 2018 (6 pages). cited by applicant
.
International Search Report and Written Opinion from
PCT/US2018/030444 dated Jul. 25, 2018 (16 pages). cited by
applicant .
International Search Report and Written Opinion from
PCT/US2018/030455 dated Jul. 27, 2018 (15 pages). cited by
applicant .
MINTEL: anonymous: "Shampoo for Normal Hair," XP055655438,
retrieved from www.gnpd.com, Database accession No. 1536766,
Abstract, May 17, 2011. cited by applicant .
Oh et al., "Antimicrobial activity ofethanol, glycerol monolaurate
or lacticacid against Listeria monocytogenes," International
Journal of Foodmicrobiology, Elsevier BV, NL, vol. 20, No. 4,Dec.
1, 1993 (Dec. 1, 1993), pp. 239-246. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Mruk; Brian P
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Calfee, Halter & Griswold
LLP
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present invention claims priority to and the benefits of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/492,622 titled ALCOHOL
CONTAINING TOPICAL CLEANSING COMPOSITION filed on May 1, 2017; U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/555,986 titled ALCOHOL
CONTAINING TOPICAL CLEANSING COMPOSITION filed Sep. 8, 2017; and
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/609,487 titled
ALCOHOL CONTAINING TOPICAL CLEANSING COMPOSITIONS filed Dec. 22,
2017, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A low-water cleansing composition comprising: from greater than
15 wt. % to less than 30 wt. % of one or more C1-C8 alcohols; at
least 16 wt. % of a mixture of two or more surfactants, wherein the
mixture of surfactants comprises one or more anionic surfactants
and one or more zwitterionic surfactants; one or more thickening
agents; at least 0.05 wt. % of a pH adjuster; and water, the wt. %
being based on a total weight of the low-water cleansing
composition, wherein the low-water cleansing composition is a
non-antimicrobial cleansing composition, and wherein the low-water,
non-antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises greater than 7.0%
active surfactant.
2. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the one or more C1-C8 alcohols are selected from the
group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol,
pentanol, hexanol, and isomers and mixtures thereof.
3. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the one or more C1-C8 alcohols include at least one of
ethanol and isopropanol.
4. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the composition includes at least 10 wt. % active
surfactant.
5. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants are selected from
the group consisting of sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl
sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium
laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, potassium lauryl
sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate,
ammonium xylene sulfonate, magnesium laureth sulfate, sodium myreth
sulfate, sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, carboxylates,
sulphated esters, sulphated alkanolamides, alkylphenols, and
mixtures thereof.
6. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the one or more zwitterionic surfactants are selected
from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, amphoacetates,
and amphodiacetates.
7. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, further comprising a humectant selected from the group
consisting of propylene glycol, hexylene glycol,
1,4-dihydroxyhexane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, sorbitol, butylene glycol,
caprylyl glycol, methyl propane diol, dipropylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, glycerin (glycerol), polyethylene glycol,
ethoxydiglycol, polyethylene sorbitol, and combinations
thereof.
8. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the composition is substantially free of
dimethicone.
9. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
1, wherein the composition is in the form of a foamable
solution.
10. The low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim
9, wherein the foamable solution generates a foam volume that is at
least 30% greater than the foam volume of an otherwise identical
low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition that does not
include the claimed concentration of alcohol.
11. A method of cleansing a surface comprising: applying the
low-water, non-antimicrobial cleansing composition of claim 1 to a
surface.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the low-water,
non-antimicrobial cleansing composition is applied without mixing
with additional water.
Description
BACKGROUND
Hand wash compositions are preferably formulated to provide good
cleaning, good foaming, and to be mild to the skin. Hand wash
compositions typically employ a surfactant system to provide
cleaning and foaming functionalities. Moisturizers or other skin
benefit agents may also be employed to promote overall skin health
and wellness.
Alcoholic products are popular as sanitizers for the skin. However,
when placed on the skin alcohol can be drying and can cause
irritation. Additionally, alcohol is known to have strong
de-foaming properties. Thus, when alcohol is added to a hand wash,
it is typically believed that skin health, aesthetics, and foam
quality may be sacrificed. Therefore, it would be beneficial to
design a new cleansing composition that contains alcohol without
negatively impacting the composition's skin health benefits and/or
foaming ability.
Cleansing compositions with low-water content are often desirable,
as they offer both environmental and cost-saving benefits. Such
cleansers are manufactured with less water, thereby allowing for
more product to be included in a single dispenser or storage
container. Thus, more product can be shipped at a time to
distributor and more product may be stored in a particular
dispenser at a time. This reduces the frequency of both deliveries
and product refills.
SUMMARY
Various aspects of the present inventive concepts are directed to a
low-water cleansing composition comprising from 10.0 wt. % to less
than 40 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols; at least
10.0 wt. % of at least one surfactant having an HLB value of at
least 8; at least 0.05 wt. % of a pH adjuster, the above
concentrations being based on the total weight of the cleansing
composition. The low-water cleansing composition comprises at least
5.0% active surfactant.
In some exemplary embodiments, the one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alcohols are selected from the group consisting of methanol,
ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and isomers and
mixtures thereof. In some instances, the one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols may include at least one of ethanol and
isopropanol, or mixtures thereof.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes at least 15.0 wt. % of a mixture of at least two
surfactants.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
is non-antimicrobial. In other aspects, the cleansing composition
is an antimicrobial composition that includes 0.05 to 3.0 wt. % of
an antimicrobial agent.
In some exemplary embodiments, the mixture of surfactants includes
at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting
of sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate,
sodium lauryl sarcosinate, potassium lauryl sulfate, ammonium
lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium xylene
sulfonate, magnesium laureth sulfate, and sodium myreth sulfate,
sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, carboxylates, sulphated esters,
sulphated alkanolamides, alkylphenols, and mixtures thereof. The
mixture of surfactants may comprise about 10.0 wt. % to about 25.0
wt. % of at least one primary surfactant and about 2.0 wt. % to
about 20 wt. % of at least one secondary surfactant, based on the
total weight of the cleansing composition. The primary and
secondary surfactants may be included in an amount to provide a
total surfactant concentration 5.0 to 20.0 wt. % active
surfactant.
In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one surfactant
comprising at least one zwitteronic surfactant selected from the
group consisting of betaines, sultaines, amphoacetates, and
amphodiacetates.
In some exemplary embodiments, the surfactant comprises a primary
surfactant, which is an anionic surfactant and a secondary
surfactant, which is a zwitterionic surfactant.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water composition is in the
form of a foamable solution. The foamable solution produces a foam
having a foam volume that is at least 30% greater than the foam
volume of an otherwise identical low-water cleansing composition
that does not include the claimed concentration of alcohol.
Further aspects of the present inventive concepts are directed to a
method of cleansing a surface comprising: applying a low-water
cleansing composition to a surface. The composition includes from
about 5.0 wt. % to less than 40 wt. % of one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols; about 5.0 wt. % to about 25.0 wt. % of at
least one anionic primary surfactant; 0 wt. % to about 20.0 wt. %
of at least one secondary surfactant; and a pH adjusting agent,
wherein the primary and secondary surfactants have an HLB value
greater than 8 and are included in a total surfactant concentration
greater than 10 wt. %. The above concentrations are based on a
total weight of the low-water cleansing composition. The low-water
cleansing composition comprises an active surfactant concentration
of at least 5.0 wt. %.
Yet further aspects of the present inventive concepts are directed
to a low-water foamable composition comprising 5.0 wt. % to less
than 40 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol; at least 10.0
wt. % of a mixture of at least a primary and secondary surfactant;
at least 0.05 wt. % of a pH adjuster; less than 3.0 wt. % of an
oil; and water, the concentrations being based on a total weight of
the low-water foamable composition. The foamable cleansing
composition has a viscosity of 40 cPs or below.
Yet further aspects of the present inventive concepts are directed
to a low-water foamable cleansing composition comprising from about
10.0 wt. % to less than 40 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alcohols based on the total weight of the composition; about 5.0
wt. % to about 25.0 wt. % active surfactant of a mixture of at
least two surfactants; about 0.5 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % of at
least one humectant, based on the total weight of the composition;
water.
Numerous other aspects, advantages, and/or features of the general
inventive concepts will become more readily apparent from the
following detailed description of exemplary embodiments and from
the accompanying drawings being submitted herewith.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 graphically illustrates the foam volume in milliliters
produced by various low-water cleansing compositions.
FIG. 2 graphically illustrates the energy usage to deliver
low-water cleansing compositions including various levels of
ethanol.
FIG. 3 graphically illustrates the reduction in energy required to
deliver low-water cleansing compositions including various levels
of ethanol.
FIG. 4 graphically illustrates the effect of alcohol on preserving
the foaming ability of compositions.
FIG. 5 graphically illustrates the effect of alcohol on the
viscosity of compositions at various active surfactant
concentrations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used
herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.
Although other methods and materials similar or equivalent to those
described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the
exemplary embodiments, exemplary suitable methods and materials are
described below. In case of conflict, the present specification,
including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials,
methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to
be limiting of the general inventive concepts.
The terminology as set forth herein is for description of the
exemplary embodiments only and should not be construed as limiting
the application as a whole. Unless otherwise specified, "a," "an,"
"the," and "at least one" are used interchangeably. Furthermore, as
used in the description of the application and the appended claims,
the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are inclusive of their
plural forms, unless contradicted by the surrounding context.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of
ingredients, chemical and molecular properties, reaction
conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are
to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term
"about." The term "about" means within +/-10% of a value, or more
preferably, within +/-5% of a value, and most preferably within
+/-1% of a value.
Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical
parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are
approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties
sought to be obtained by the present exemplary embodiments. At the
very least each numerical parameter should be construed in light of
the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding
approaches.
Every numerical range given throughout this specification and
claims will include every narrower numerical range that falls
within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical
ranges were all expressly written herein.
The phrase "topical composition" means a composition suitable for
application directly to a surface, such as the surface of a human
or animal body, including skin, and/or other surfaces, such as hair
and nails. The topical composition may further be applied to an
inanimate surface, such as a table, counter, floor, food, utensil,
appliance, object, and the like.
The term "antimicrobial composition" means a composition that is
able to reduce, kill, or inhibit the growth of microbes during use.
Thus, an antimicrobial composition achieves an in-use antimicrobial
reduction. The term "non-antimicrobial composition" includes
non-antibacterial compositions, antiviral compositions, antifungal
compositions and non-antiparasitic compositions. In accordance with
the present inventive concepts, as defined herein, a
non-antimicrobial composition achieves an antimicrobial log
reduction no greater than 2.5, including no greater than 2.0, no
greater than 1.5, and no greater than 1.0 log. In some exemplary
embodiments, the non-antimicrobial composition achieves an
antimicrobial log reduction of less than 1.0.
It has now been discovered that it is possible to formulate a
low-water cleansing composition that has a proper balance of
ingredients for providing a high cleansing ability, high foam, and
good skin conditioning, while including alcohol.
Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to a low-water
cleansing composition that includes at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alcohol and a method of using the same. Conventionally, it was
believed that the addition of alcohol to a soap composition would
negatively impact skin health and reduce the foam quality of the
soap. However, it has been discovered that incorporating at least
one C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol in the cleansing composition disclosed
herein, provides numerous benefits to the cleansing composition,
such as superior efficacy, clean release functionality, and
self-preservation, while maintaining good skin health benefits and
foam quality. The concept of "clean release" encompasses the
ability to achieve better pathogen and soil removal on both healthy
and dry/irritated skin, due at least in part to the composition's
improved spreadability and wettability. The clean release
functionality also provides for a faster rinse, which in turn
conserves water compared to traditional commercial soap.
Additionally, various embodiments of the low-water cleansing
composition are substantially free of harsh preservatives,
parabens, phthalates, antimicrobial, and antibacterial ingredients.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes less than 2.0 wt. %, less than 1.0 wt. %, less than 0.5
wt. %, or less than 0.1 wt. % of harsh preservatives, parabens,
phthalates, antimicrobial, and antibacterial ingredients. In some
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition is
devoid of such ingredients. In various exemplary embodiments, the
low-water cleansing composition comprises at least 75% bio-based
ingredients, or at least 85% bio-based ingredients, or at least 90%
bio-based ingredients. In certain exemplary embodiments, the
low-water cleansing composition is used for application to the skin
and may be in the form of a liquid or foamable skin cleansing
composition, a wipe, a concentrate, and other forms desirable for a
cleansing composition. The low-water cleansing composition may be
applied to the skin before, during, or after skin cleaning.
By formulating the topical cleansing composition as a "low-water"
cleansing composition, the composition includes less water than a
traditional cleansing composition/soap formulation. The low-water
cleansing composition may be formulated as a foamable cleansing
composition, a liquid cleansing composition, a gel cleansing
composition, a lotion cleansing composition, or any other desirable
form.
In the case of foamable compositions, water concentrations less
than 90% can be considered "low-water." Generally, low-water
compositions are defined by the total concentration of surfactants
in the soap. If the total surfactant concentrations are greater
than 5% (on 100% active solid basis), the energy required to
dispense of the composition through conventional soap dispensers
will increase, which is disadvantageous for offering products
through conventional dispensing delivery systems, particularly
those that are powered by one or more batteries. Additionally, high
surfactant levels traditionally create undesirable foam
aesthetics.
However, the inventive low-water cleansing composition is capable
of delivering high surfactant low-water compositions (at least 5.0
wt. % active surfactant, such as greater than 10 wt. % active
surfactant) through conventional dispensers. These compositions
produce more foam volume and dispense with less energy usage due to
the presence of alcohols and appropriate concentrations of
surfactants.
Formulating a cleansing composition with reduced water provides a
number of benefits, such as the ability to package the cleansing
compositions in the same sized packaging as conventional diluted
soap formulations, thereby delivering a higher volume of end-use
cleansing composition dispenses or applications per package. In
some embodiments, this increases the number of uses (applications)
per bottle of soap or cleansing composition to greater than 2 times
that of standard soaps or cleansing compositions, which result in
sustainable benefits such as a reduction of the number of
dispensing bottles and a reduction in water used for these products
by >50%. For instance, an exemplary 1.2 liter container of the
"low-water" cleansing composition provides about 2,400 pumps per
container, while a traditional cleanser may provide about 1,200
pumps. The low-water cleansing composition also includes a high
percentage of alcohol, which helps to preserve the composition and
provide a longer shelf-life. In addition, alcohol helps reduce the
foam dispensing energy due to reduction of surface tension and
increases the compositions ability to mix with air to form foam. In
certain embodiments, the low-water cleansing compositions can
deliver greater than 3 times the number of pumps per volume when
compared to the same volume of conventional foam cleansing
compositions.
Additionally, conventional concentrated soaps are generally not
used without first diluting the composition at the dispensers. For
instance, U.S. 2005/0233915 discloses that the concentrated forms
of the composition are diluted either at the point of sale or at
the point of use. In contrast, the present low-water composition
can achieve the desired foam volume and aesthetics, as dispensed,
without being diluted with added water. Thus, the composition is
capable of achieving a desirable foam quality and volume upon
dispensing, as-is.
Surprisingly, although alcohol is generally known to be a defoamer,
it has been found that alcohol concentrations in the inventive
cleansing composition of up to 40 wt. % demonstrate an increased
foam volume and stability. More particularly, it was unexpected to
achieve a foamable low-water cleansing composition having up to 40
wt. % alcohol that does not require dilution with added water prior
to use in order to produce and maintain a quality foam.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
achieves and maintains a quality foam without inclusion of
traditional foam stabilizers.
The low-water cleansing composition may be provided as an aqueous
solution or emulsion. In some exemplary embodiments, the cleansing
composition is a single-phase solution, meaning that it is free of
additional phases, such as an oil phase.
The low-water cleansing composition of the present disclosure
include at least 5.0 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols,
based on the total weight of the composition, including without
limitation, at least 10.0 wt. %, or at least 15.0 wt. %, or at
least 18.0 wt. %, or at least 19.0 wt. % or at least 20.0 wt. %. In
some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes no greater or less than 40.0 wt. % of a C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alcohol, based on the total weight of the low-water cleansing
composition, including, without limitation, no greater than 35.0
wt. %, or no greater than 30.0 wt. %, or no greater than 28.0 wt.
%, or no greater than 25.0 wt. %, or no greater than 22.0 wt. %. In
some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes from about 10.0 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols, based on the total weight of the
composition, including without limitation, about 12.0 wt. % to
about 30.0 wt. %, about 15.0 wt. % to about 28.0 wt. %, about 18.0
wt. % to about 25.0 wt. %, about 18.0 wt. % to about 22.0 wt. %,
about 19.0 wt. % to about 21 wt. %, and every narrower numerical
range that falls within the broader ranges.
The alcohol is a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol, i.e. an alcohol
containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Such alcohols may be referred to as
lower alkanols. Examples of lower alkanols include, but are not
limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol,
hexanol, heptanol, and octanol and isomers and mixtures thereof. In
one or more embodiments, the alcohol comprises ethanol, propanol,
or butanol, or isomers or mixtures thereof. In one or more
embodiments, the alcohol comprises isopropanol. In other
embodiments, the alcohol comprises ethanol. In one or more
embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition comprises a
mixture of alcohols. In one or more embodiments, the low-water
cleansing composition comprises a mixture of ethanol and
isopropanol. In one or more embodiments, the low-water cleansing
composition comprises a mixture of isopropanol and n-propanol.
In some exemplary embodiments, the alcohol component may be
substituted by any hydrotrope capable of providing a function
similar to a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol. Suitable hydrotropes include,
for example, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 hydrotropes, such as C.sub.2-C.sub.6
diols and glycols including butylene glycol, propylene glycol,
ethylene glycol, and other such diols and glycols. In various
exemplary embodiments, the non-antimicrobial composition includes a
mixture of an alcohol and one or more hydrotropes.
Although ethanol and other C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols are
traditionally understood to inhibit a composition's ability to
foam, it has been discovered that a particular concentration of
alcohol boosts rather than lowers the foaming ability of the
compositions disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohol boosts the low-water cleansing composition
cleansing composition foam volumes by greater than 30%, including
greater than 35%, greater than 40%, and greater than 45%. The
addition of alcohol to the low-water cleansing composition
increases the foam volume, particularly at higher concentrations of
surfactant, due to a decrease in dielectric constant of the medium
(water/alcohol), a decrease of surface tension, and an increase of
surfactant micelles stability. This phenomenon unexpectedly occurs
at certain ratios of surfactants-to-alcohol concentrations. It has
been discovered that the addition of alcohol greater than the
amounts disclosed herein has the opposite effect, and negatively
impacts the ability of the low-water cleansing composition to foam.
Accordingly, the particular alcohol-to-surfactant ratios provided
herein define an unexpected window of workability and foam
improvement that is not seen outside these ranges.
The low-water cleansing composition includes water in a quantity
sufficient to achieve 100% wt. % solution ("q.s."). In some
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition includes
no greater than 90.0 wt. % water. In certain exemplary embodiments,
the low-water cleansing composition comprises no greater than 85
wt. % water, or no greater than 75 wt. % water, or no greater than
65 wt. % water, or no greater than 45 wt. % water. In certain
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition includes
at least about 1.0 wt. % water, in another embodiment the low-water
cleansing composition comprises at least about 10.0 wt. % water, in
another embodiment, the low-water cleansing composition comprises
at least about 15.0 wt. % water, in another embodiment, the
low-water cleansing composition comprises at least about 20.0 wt. %
water, in another embodiment, the low-water cleansing composition
comprises at least about 25.0 wt. % water. In other exemplary
embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition comprises from
about 10.0 wt. % to about 80.0 wt. % water, or from about 20 to 65
wt. % water. More or less water may be required in certain
instances, depending particularly on other ingredients and/or the
amounts thereof employed in the low-water cleansing
composition.
The low-water cleansing composition cleansing composition includes
a surfactant system comprising one or more surfactants present in a
synergistic relationship with alcohol in amounts ranging up to
about 60.0 wt. %. In some exemplary embodiment, this synergistic
relationship exists when the surfactant to alcohol ratio is about
1:1 to about 1:3. In any event, the low-water cleansing composition
includes at least 5.0 wt. % active surfactant, or at least 10 wt. %
active surfactant. In some exemplary embodiments, the total
surfactant concentration is greater than 10 wt. %, including at
least 13 wt. %, at least 15 wt. %, and at least 18 wt. %
surfactant, based on the total weight of the cleansing
composition.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
comprises no greater than 60 wt. % total surfactants, based on the
total weight of the composition. In some exemplary embodiments, the
low-water cleansing composition comprises about 10.0 wt. % to about
40.0 wt. % of one or more surfactants, or about 13.0 wt. % to about
30.0 wt. % of one or more surfactants, or about 15.0 wt. % to about
25.0 wt. % of one or more surfactants. The above ranges include
every narrower numerical range that falls within the broader
ranges.
The surfactant system may include a combination of one or more
surfactants, such as one or more anionic, cationic, nonionic,
and/or zwitterionic surfactants.
The novel surfactant system boosts soap performance and works
synergistically with the alcohol to provide "clean-release"
functionality. As mentioned above, clean release functionality
allows the soap to penetrate deeper into skin's cracks and crevices
to gently remove more pathogens and soil than otherwise comparable
soap that does not include the synergistic alcohol and surfactant
system. This is particularly useful for dry/irritated skin, where
cracks and cervices are more prevalent. In some exemplary
embodiments, the clean-release functionality provided by the
surfactant system removes at least 10% more soil and pathogens than
traditional foam soap, excluding the synergistic alcohol and
surfactant system, including at least 15%, at least 20%, at least
25%, and at least 30% more soil and pathogens than otherwise
comparable soap that does not include the synergistic alcohol and
surfactant system.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
comprises a combination of at least two surfactants, such as at
least one primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant.
The primary surfactant may comprise one or more anionic
surfactants. The at least one primary surfactant may be present in
an amount no greater than 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the low-water cleansing composition. In some exemplary embodiments,
the primary surfactant is included in an amount from about 5.0 wt.
% to about 25.0 wt. %, or about 8.0 wt. % to about 20.0 wt. %, or
about 10.0 wt. % to about 18.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the low-water cleansing composition.
Exemplary anionic surfactants include sulfates, such as sodium
alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene
sulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl
sarcosinate, potassium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate,
ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium xylene sulfonate, magnesium
laureth sulfate, and sodium myreth sulfate; sulfonates, such as
sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate; carboxylates; sulphated esters;
sulphated alkanolamides; alkylphenols; and mixtures thereof. In
some exemplary embodiments, the primary surfactant comprises any
one or more of sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate,
ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium xylene sulfonate. In some
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition is free
of anionic surfactants.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
comprises at least one secondary surfactant. If present, the
secondary surfactant may be included in an amount no greater than
about 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of the low-water
cleansing composition. In some exemplary embodiments, the secondary
surfactant is included in an amount from about 2.0 wt. % to about
20.0 wt. %, or about 5.0 wt. % to about 18.0 wt. %, or about 8.0
wt. % to about 15.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
low-water cleansing composition.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes one or more secondary surfactants and is free of primary
surfactants. In such embodiments, the total secondary surfactant
concentration may reach as high as 40 wt. %.
The secondary surfactant may comprise any of zwitterionic,
cationic, nonionic, or additional anionic surfactants, or mixtures
thereof. Zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants have both cationic
and anionic centers attached to the same molecule. Zwitterionic may
be either anionic, cationic or no-ionic depending on the pH level
of the aqueous solution. In some exemplary embodiments, the
secondary surfactant includes at least one zwitterionic surfactant,
or at least two zwitterionic surfactants.
Exemplary zwitterionic surfactants include betaines, such as
cocomidopropyl betaine; sultaines, such as cocamidopropyl hydroxyl
sultaine and lauramidopropyl hydroxyl sultaine; and amphoacetates
and amphodiacetates, such as disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodium
cocoamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium
cocoamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropionate and disodium
lauroamphodipropionate. In some exemplary embodiments, the
zwitterionic surfactant is cocamide monoethananolamine.
Exemplary nonionic surfactants include fatty alcohols such as cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol,
ethoxylated fatty alcohols, such as PEG-80 sorbitan laurate,
polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, such as octaethylene glycol
monododecyl ether, and pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether,
polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, glucoside alkyl ethers,
polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol
alkylphenol ethers, such as nonoxynol-9, glycerol alkyl esters such
as glyceryl laurate, polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters,
such as polysorbate, sorbitan alkyl esters, cocamide MEA, cocamide
DEA, amine oxides, such as dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, block
copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, such as
poloxamers, polyethoxylated tallow amine, and mixtures thereof.
Exemplary cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts,
linear alkyl-amines, and alkyl ammoniums.
Auxiliary surfactants may be included in the low-water cleansing
composition for the purpose of boosting or modifying the foam
quality and characteristics, for modifying the feel of the final
formulation during rub in and/or dry time, for providing
persistence or long-lasting microbial action of the alcohol, for
solubilizing other ingredients such as fragrances or sunscreens,
and for irritation mitigation. Auxiliary surfactants include, but
are not necessarily limited to, sulfosuccinates, amine oxides,
polyglucosides, alkanolamides, sorbitan derivatives, fatty alcohol
ethoxylates, quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamines, sultaines,
isothionates, sarcosinates, betaines, and fatty alcohol
polyethylene glycols.
As individual surfactant components may be diluted in water, the
percent active surfactant in a particular composition may vary
depending on the particular dilution used. For instance, the
surfactants may be diluted with water prior to incorporation into
the composition, to levels of 25% active surfactant, 35% active
surfactant, 50% active surfactant, or 70% active surfactant, for
example. Accordingly, in some exemplary embodiments, the low-water
cleansing composition, having a total surfactant concentration of
10.0 to 60.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition
may have a % active surfactant content of 2.5 (10.0 wt. % active
surfactant at a dilution of 25% active surfactant) to 60 (60 wt. %
active surfactant at a dilution of 100% active surfactant). In some
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition has a %
active surfactant concentration of about 5.0 to about 25% active
surfactant, including between about 7.0% and about 20% active
surfactant, about 9% and about 18% active surfactant; and at least
10% to about 15% active surfactant.
In certain exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing
composition includes one or more humectants. Non-limiting examples
of humectants include propylene glycol, hexylene glycol,
1,4-dihydroxyhexane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, sorbitol, butylene glycol,
caprylyl glycol, propanediols, such as methyl propane diol,
dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin (glycerol),
polyethylene glycols, ethoxydiglycol, polyethylene sorbitol, and
combinations thereof. Other humectants include glycolic acid,
glycolate salts, lactate salts, urea, Jojoba wax PEG-120 esters
(commercially available from FloraTech), hydroxyethyl urea,
alpha-hydroxy acids, such as lactic acid, sodium pyrrolidone
carboxylic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitin, and the like. In one
exemplary embodiment, the humectant is a mixture of glycerin,
sodium L-pyroglutamate (Sodium PCA), and polyethylene glycol.
Non-limiting examples of polyethylene glycol humectants include
PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16,
PEG-18, PEG-20, PEG-32, PEG-33, PEG-40, PEG-45, PEG-55, PEG-60,
PEG-75, PEG-80, PEG-90, PEG-100, PEG-135, PEG-150, PEG-180,
PEG-200, PEG-220, PEG-240, and PEG-800.
The humectant, or mixture of humectants, may be included in the
low-water cleansing composition in an amount up to about 20.0 wt.
%, or up to about 15.0 wt. %, or up to about 12.0 wt. %, or up to
about 10.0 wt. %, or up to about 8.0 wt. % or up to about 6.0 wt.
%, or up to about 5.0 wt. %. In certain exemplary embodiments, the
humectant is included in an amount from about 0.05 wt. %, or from
about 1.0 wt. %, or from about 3.5 wt. %, or from about 5.0 wt. %,
or from about 6.5 wt. %, or from about 7.0 wt. %, or from about 7.5
wt. %, based upon the total weight of the composition. In one
exemplary embodiment, the humectant, or mixture of humectants, is
included in an amount from about 0.10 to about 15.0 wt. %, or about
3.0 to about 10.0 wt. %, about 4.0 to about 8.0 wt. %, or from
about 5.0 to about 7.5 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the
composition.
The low-water cleansing composition of the present disclosure
exhibit a pH in the range of from about 2.5 to about 12.0, or a pH
in the range of from about 3.5 to about 10, or in the range of from
about 4.0 and about 9.5. When necessary, a pH adjusting agent or
constituent may be used to provide and/or maintain the pH of a
composition. Exemplary pH adjusting agents include, but are not
limited to, primary amines, such as monoethanolamine; organic
acids, such as citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid,
proponic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, oxalic acid, maleic
acid, benzoic acid, carbonic acid, and the like. In certain
exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition includes
citric acid. The pH adjusting agent may be included in any amount
necessary to sufficiently adjust the pH to a desired level. In some
exemplary embodiments, the pH adjusting agent, if present, is
included in at least about 0.01 wt. %, or in at least about 0.025
wt. %, or in at least about 0.05 wt. %, or in at least about 0.1
wt. %, or in at least about 0.2 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the low-water cleansing composition. In some exemplary embodiments,
the pH adjusting agent is included in an amount between 0.01 wt. %
and 1.0 wt. %, or between 0.25 wt. % and 0.5 wt. %, or between 0.05
wt. % and 0.2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the low-water
cleansing composition.
In one or more embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes one or more emollients (also known as a skin conditioner
or moisturizer). Non-limiting examples of suitable emollients
include aloe, aloe oil, jojoba oil, vitamin E, vitamin E acetate
(tocopheryl acetate), Vitamin B.sub.3 (niacinamide), C.sub.6-10
alkane diols, sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid ( ) PEG-7 glyceryl
cocoate, coco-glucoside and/or glyceryl oleate (Lamisoft.RTM. PO),
and polyquaternium, such as polyquaternium 10 and 39.
The emollient can be included in the low-water cleansing
composition in an amount from about 0.5 to about 5.0 wt. %, in
other embodiments, from about 0.75 to about 3.5 wt. %, or from
about 1.0 to about 3.0 wt. %, or from about 1.25 to about 2.5 wt.
%, or from about 1.5 to about 2.25 wt. %, based upon the total
weight of the composition.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes less than 3 wt. % of an oil, including less than 2 wt. %,
less than 1.5 wt. %, and less than 1.0 wt. %. In some instances,
the cleansing composition is substantially (less than 0.5 wt. %) or
completely free of oil.
The low-water cleansing composition may further comprise one or
more antioxidants, or UV stabilizers, such as, for example,
inorganic sulfite salts, including sodium sulfite, potassium
sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, ammonium bisulfite,
sodium metabisulfite and potassium metabisulfite; diethylhexyl
syringylidene malonate; Vitamin A and related compounds, Vitamin E
and related compounds; Vitamin C and related compounds; diisopropyl
vanillidene malonate (also referred to as DIPVM) and related
compounds; Tetrahydrocurcumenoids; green tea, white tea, alpha
lipoic acid, isoflavones, selenium, zinc, Coenzyme Q10, turmeric,
curcumin, butylhydroxy toluene (BHT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), and other
antioxidants commonly used in the art. Amounts of antioxidants to
be added to the compositions of the invention are generally between
about 0.01% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, preferably between
about 0.1% by weight to about 5.0% by weight.
The low-water cleansing composition may further comprise one or
more deposition enhancers. A suitable deposition enhancer works
unidirectionally and will allow ingredients within the composition
to penetrate deeper into the stratum corneum while preventing the
loss of materials from the skin. Advantageously, the deposition
enhancer provides a cosmetically acceptable skin feel to the
formulation.
In one or more embodiments, the deposition enhancers include one or
more of surfactants, bile salts and derivatives thereof, chelating
agents, and sulphoxides. Some examples of acceptable deposition
enhancers include a quaternary ammonium compound, hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose, dimethyl sulphoxides (DMSO), DMA, DMF,
1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (azone), pyrrolidones such as
2-Pyrrolidone (2P) and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), long-chain
fatty acids such as oleic acid and fatty acids with a saturated
alkyl chain length of about C.sub.10-C.sub.12, essential oils,
terpenes, terpenoids, oxazolidinones such as
4-decyloxazolidin-2-one, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium
laureate, polysorbates, sodium glyacolate, sodium deoxycholate,
caprylic acid, EDTA, phospholipids, C.sub.12-15 Alkyl Benzoate,
pentylene glycol, ethoxydiglycol,
polysorbate-polyethylenesorbitan-monolaurate, and lecithin. In one
or more exemplary embodiments, the deposition enhancer comprises a
hydroxy-terminated polyurethane compound chosen from
polyolprepolymer-2, polyolprepolymer-14, and polyolprepolymer-15.
Polyolprepolymer-2 is sometimes referred to as PPG-12/SMDI
copolymer.
In one or more exemplary embodiments, the deposition enhancer is a
quaternary ammonium compound such as polyquaternium-6, -7, -10,
-22, -37, -39, -74 or -101.
The deposition enhancer may be included in the low-water cleansing
composition in an amount from about 0.005 wt. % to about 10.0 wt.
%, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %
to about 3.0 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. %, or
from about 0.2 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, based upon the total
weight of the composition.
Optionally, the low-water cleansing composition may include one or
more chelators. Examples of chelators include
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ethylenediamine
N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), such as trisodium ethylenediamine
disuccinate. In one or more embodiments, the amount of chelating
agent is from about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, in other embodiments,
from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. %, or from about 0.2 to about 0.5 wt.
% based upon the total weight of the cleansing composition.
Although the alcohol in the present composition acts as a
preservative, the low-water cleansing composition may further
comprise one or more additional preservatives. In other exemplary
embodiments, the low-water foamable cleansing composition is free
of any preservative other than alcohol. A preservative is a natural
or synthetic ingredient that can be added to personal care products
to prevent spoilage, such as from microbial growth or undesirable
chemical changes. Typical cosmetic preservatives are classified as
natural antimicrobials, broad-spectrum preservatives, or
stabilizers.
Many different types of preservatives are envisioned as being
applicable in the current low-water foamable cleansing composition.
Non-limiting examples of preservatives include one or more of
isothiazolinones, such as methylchloroisothiazolinone (such as
Kathon.TM. CG) and methylisothiazolinone; parabens including
butylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben and germaben II;
phenoxyetyhanol and ethylhexylglycerin, organic acids such as
potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and levulinic acid; and
phenoxyethanols.
The preservative can be added in the low-water foamable cleansing
composition in an amount up to about 10.0 wt. %, or from about 0.01
wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.05 wt. % to about 2.0 wt.
%, based on the weight of the total composition. In one exemplary
embodiment, the preservative is present in an amount from about
0.05 to about 0.15 wt. %, based on the weight of the total
composition.
The low-water composition may further comprise one or more
anti-irritants. Anti-irritants reduce signs of inflammation on the
skin such as swelling, tenderness, pain, itching, or redness. There
are three main types of anti-irritants, all of which are envisioned
as being applicable in the subject invention: (1) compounds that
operate by complexing the irritant itself, (2) compounds that react
with the skin to block reactive sites preventing the irritant from
reacting directly with the skin, and (3) compounds that prevent
physical contact between the skin and irritant.
Certain exemplary examples of suitable anti-irritants include Aloe
Vera, allantoin, anion-cation complexes, aryloxypropionates,
azulene, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyl alcohol, diethyl phthalate,
Emcol E607, monoethanolamine, glycogen, lanolin, N-(2-Hydroxylthyl)
Palmitamide, N-Lauroyl Sarcosinates, Maypon 4C, mineral oils,
miranols, Myristyl lactate, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone (PVP), tertiary amine oxides, thiodioglycolic acid, and
zirconia. In one exemplary embodiment, the anti-irritant is
avenanthrmides (Avena Sativa (oat), kernel oil, and glycerin) and
niacinamide.
The anti-irritant may be included in the composition in an amount
up to about 10.0 wt. %, in other embodiments, from about 0.005 wt.
% to about 3.0 wt. %, and in other embodiments, from about 0.01 wt.
% to about 1.0 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the
composition.
The low-water foamable cleansing composition may further comprise a
fragrance. Any scent may be used in the low-water foamable
cleansing composition including, but not limited to, any scent
classification on a standard fragrance chart, such as floral,
oriental, woody, and fresh. Exemplary scents include pomegranate,
cinnamon, clove, lavender, peppermint, rosemary, thyme, thieves,
lemon, citrus, coconut, apricot, plum, watermelon, ginger and
combinations thereof.
The fragrance can be included in the low-water foamable cleansing
composition in an amount from about 0.005 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %,
in other embodiments, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %, and
in other embodiments, from about 0.05 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %,
based upon the total weight of the composition. The fragrance can
be any made of any perfume, essential oil, aroma compounds,
fixatives, terpenes, solvents, and the like. In certain exemplary
embodiments, the essential oils may include, for example, one or
more of Limonene, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil,
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil,
Linalool, Litsea Cubeba Fruit Oil, Lavandula Hybrida Oil, Abies
Sibirica Oil, Mentha Citrata Leaf Extract, Coriandrum Sativum
(Coriander) Fruit Oil, Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Fruit Oil, Vaccinium
Angustifolium, Punica Granatum Extract, and Canarium Luzonicum Gum
Nonvolatiles.
The low-water cleansing composition may further comprise a wide
range of optional ingredients that do not deleteriously affect skin
health, aesthetics, or foam quality. The CTFA International
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Eleventh Edition 2005,
and the 2004 CTFA International Buyer's Guide, both of which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, describe a wide
variety of non-limiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients
commonly used in the skin care industry, that are suitable for use
in the compositions of the present invention. Examples of these
functional classes include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking
agents, binders, biological additives, bulking agents, chelating
agents, chemical additives; colorants, cosmetic astringents,
cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, emulsifiers,
external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, opacifying
agents, plasticizers, preservatives (sometimes referred to as
antimicrobials), propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching
agents, skin protectants, solvents, surfactants, foam boosters,
hydrotropes, solubilizing agents, suspending agents
(nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet light absorbers,
detackifiers, and viscosity increasing agents (aqueous and
nonaqueous). Examples of other functional classes of materials
useful herein that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the
art include solubilizing agents, sequestrants, keratolytics,
topical active ingredients, and the like.
In certain embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition is at
least substantially free of dimethicone. By "substantially free" of
dimethicone, it is meant that the low-water cleansing composition
includes less than 5.0 wt. % of dimethicone, or in some exemplary
embodiments, less than 1.0 wt. % of dimethicone, or in some
exemplary embodiments, less than 0.05 wt. % dimethicone. In various
exemplary embodiments, the low-water foamable cleansing composition
is entirely free of dimethicone.
Some exemplary embodiments include dimethicone. In such
embodiments, the dimethicone may be included in at least 0.05 wt.
%, or at least 0.1 wt. %, or at least 0.5 wt. %, or at least 0.75
wt. %. In some exemplary embodiments, the cleansing composition
includes dimethicone in an amount from about 0.1 to 1.0 wt. %, or
from 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %.
Examples of dimethicones include silicone glycols, including
without limitation dimethicone PEG-7 undecylenate, PEG-10
dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone,
perfluorononylethyl carboxydecal PEG 10, PEG-20/PPG-23 dimethicone,
PEG-11 methyl ether dimethicone, bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 dimethicone,
silicone quats, PEG-9 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, fluoro PEG-8
dimethicone, PEG-23/PPG-6 dimethicone, PEG-20/PPG-23 dimethicone,
PEG 17 dimethicone, PEG-5/PPG-3 methicone, bis-PEG-18 methyl ether
dimethyl silane, bis-PEG-20 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone
copolyol and sulfosuccinate blends, PEG-8 dimethicone\dimmer acid
blends, PEG-8 dimethicone\fatty acid blends, PEG-8 dimethicone\cold
pressed vegetable oil\polyquaternium blends, random block polymers
and mixtures thereof.
The low-water cleansing composition may include one or more
thickening agents. Examples of thickening agents include
polyurethane-based thickeners, such as steareth-100/PEG-136/HDI
copolymer (Rheoluxe.RTM. 811); sodium chloride; propylene glycol;
PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate and methyl gluceth-10 (Ritathix
DOE, available from Rita Corp.); hydroxyethyl cellulose;
quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose (Polyquaternium-10);
Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride)
(Polyquaternium-37); polyquaternium-39; hydroxypropyl cellulose;
methyl cellulose; carboxymethyl cellulose; starch polymers; guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; and ammonium
acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer.
In one or more exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing
composition may include polyacrylate thickening agents such as
those conventionally available and/or known in the art. Examples of
polyacrylate thickening agents include carbomers, acrylates/C 10-30
alkyl acrylate cross-polymers, copolymers of acrylic acid and alkyl
(C5-C 10) acrylate, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic
anhydride, and mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the
low-water cleansing composition is in the form of a thickened gel
and includes an effective amount of a polymeric thickening agent to
adjust the viscosity of the composition to a viscosity range of
from about 1000 to about 65,000 centipoise. In some embodiments,
the viscosity of the composition is from about 5,000 to about
35,000, and in another embodiment, the viscosity is from about
10,000 to about 25,000. The viscosity is measured by a Brookfield
RV Viscometer using RV and/or LV Spindles at 22.degree. C.
+/-3.degree. C.
As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the effective
amount of thickening agent will vary depending upon a number of
factors, including the amount of other ingredients in the low-water
composition. In one or more embodiments, an effective amount of
thickening agent is at least about 0.01 wt. %, based upon the total
weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the effective
amount is at least about 0.02 wt. %, or at least about 0.05 wt. %,
or at least about 0.1 wt. %. In certain exemplary embodiments, the
effective amount of thickening agent is at least about 0.5 wt. %,
or at least about 0.75 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the
composition. In one or more embodiments, the compositions according
to the present invention comprise up to about 10% by weight of the
total composition of a thickening agent. In certain embodiments,
the amount of thickening agent is from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt.
%, or from about 0.02 to about 0.4 wt. %, or from about 0.05 to
about 0.3 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the composition.
The amount of thickening agent may be from about 0.1 to about 10.0
wt. %, or from about 0.5 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.75 to
about 2.0 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the
composition.
Optionally, the low-water cleansing composition may include one or
more pharmacological agents, with the proviso that the
pharmacological ingredient does not deleteriously affect the
properties of the composition. Examples of such agents include, but
are not limited to, antifungal agents, antiviral agents,
antimicrobial agents, and antiparasitic agents. In one or more
embodiments, one or more antimicrobial agents are included.
Examples of antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to,
triclosan, also known as 5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol
(PCMX) and available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation under the
tradename IRGASAN.RTM.; chloroxylenol, also known as
4-chloro-3,5-xylenol, available from Nipa Laboratories, Inc. under
the tradenames NIPACIDE.RTM. MX or PX; hexetidine, also known as
5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-hexahydropyrimidine;
chlorhexidine salts including chlorhexidine gluconate and the salts
of
N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,14-tetraazatetradecanediimi-
diamide; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1; 3-diol, benzalkonium chloride;
cetylpyridinium chloride; alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides;
iodine; phenol, bisphenol, diphenyl ether, phenol derivatives,
povidone-iodine including polyvinylpyrrolidinone-iodine; parabens;
hydantoins and derivatives thereof, including
2,4-imidazolidinedione and derivatives of 2,4-imidazolidinedione as
well as dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (also known as DMDM
hydantoin or glydant); phenoxyethanol; cis isomer of
1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,6-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride, also
known as quatemium-15 and available from Dow Chemical Company under
the tradename DOWCIL.TM. 200; diazolidinyl urea; benzethonium
chloride; methylbenzethonium chloride; glyceryl laurate, transition
metal compounds such as silver, copper, magnesium, zinc compounds,
hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, anilides, bisguanidines, a
blend of biostatic and fungistatic agents having the INCI name
caprylhydroxamic acid (and) propanediol, and mixtures thereof.
Accordingly, the low-water cleansing composition may be formulated
as an antimicrobial, antiviral, antibacterial, and/or antifungal
composition. Such compositions are capable of achieving an
antimicrobial log reduction of at least 2.5 log.
In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises from about
0.05 to about 3 wt. %, in other embodiments, from about 0.07 to
about 2.5 wt. %, in other embodiments, from about 0.09 to about 1
wt. %, in other embodiments, from about 0.1 to about 0.75 wt. %, in
other embodiments, from about 0.15 to about 0.5 wt. of at least one
antimicrobial agents, based upon the total weight of the
composition.
Alternatively, various exemplary embodiments of the present
application are directed to a non-antimicrobial, non-antibacterial,
non-antiviral, and/or non-antifungal composition. Such compositions
achieve an antimicrobial log reduction in use no greater than 3.0
log, including no greater than 2.5 log, no greater than 2.0 log,
and no greater than 1.5 log. In some exemplary embodiments, the
non-antimicrobial composition achieves an antimicrobial kill less
than 1.0 log.
In one or more embodiments, compositions of the present invention
may further include one or more probiotics and/or prebiotics. In
one or more embodiments, the one or more probiotics include one or
more skin commensal microorganisms which positively affect the skin
microbiota. For example, the one or more probiotics can include
microorganisms that positively affect the skin surface environment,
e.g., by altering the pH or inhibiting growth of pathogenic
microorganisms. In one or more embodiments, the one or more
probiotics can include one or more microorganisms naturally found
on the skin surface of the individual. In one or more embodiments,
the one or more probiotics can include one or more microorganism
that are not naturally found on the skin surface of the individual,
but positively affect the skin surface environment. In one or more
embodiments, the one or more probiotics can include one or more
engineered microorganisms. For example, the one or more probiotics
can include a microorganism genetically engineered to have a
property that positively affects the skin surface environment,
e.g., by synthesizing and excreting an inhibitor of pathogenic
microorganisms. See e.g., Martin et al. (2013) Microbial Cell
Factories, 12:71, which is incorporated herein by reference. In one
or more embodiments, the probiotic comprises live probiotic
microorganisms. In one or more embodiments, the probiotics may be
included in a live form, dead form, semi-active or in deactivated
form and fragments or fractions originating from the microorganism
either live or dead (e.g., as a lyophilized powder). In one or more
embodiments, the probiotic includes culture supernatants of the
microorganisms.
In one or more embodiments, the one or more probiotics include one
or more bacterial probiotics. In one or more embodiments, the one
or more bacterial probiotics include one or more of Firmicutes,
Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria, or Cyanobacteria. In
one or more embodiments, the one or more bacterial probiotics
include one or more of Corynebacteria, Propionibacteria,
Micrococci, or Staphylococci. In one or more embodiments, the one
or more bacterial probiotics include non-lactic acid and/or lactic
acid producing bacteria (LAB) and can include Bacteroides,
Bifdobacterium, and Lactobacillus. In one or more embodiments, the
one or more bacterial probiotics include certain strains of
Aerococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium,
Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Melissacoccus, Micrococcus, Oenococcus,
Sporolactobacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Saccharomyces,
Pediococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Proprionebacterium, and Weissella.
A wide variety of strains of bacteria are available from the ATCC,
Manassas, Va. In one or more embodiments, the one or more
probiotics include one or more non-pathogenic strains of pathogenic
bacteria.
In one or more embodiments, the one or more treatment agents
include one or more prebiotics. In one or more embodiments, the one
or more prebiotics are agents that promote the survival and/or
growth of microorganisms of interest on the skin surface of the
individual. In one or more embodiments, the one or more prebiotics
include at least one of gal acto-oligosaccharides,
fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, or lactulose. In one or more
embodiments, the one or more prebiotics include one or more of
iron, biotin, nicotinic acid, D-pantothenic acid, pyridoxal,
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, thiamin hydrochloride, valine,
arginine, galactose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, or
maltose. In one or more embodiments, the one or more prebiotics
include one or more of plant derived prebiotics, e.g., derived from
acacia gum, konjac, chicory root, Jerusalem artichoke, asparagus,
and dandelion greens. See e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication
NO. 2013/0115317 A1; and Bateni et al. (2013) Am. J. Dermatology
Venereology 2:10-14, both of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
The composition may further comprise a wide range of optional
ingredients that do not deleteriously affect skin health,
aesthetics, or foam quality. The CTFA International Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Eleventh Edition 2005, and the
2004 CTFA International Buyer's Guide, both of which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, describe a wide
variety of non-limiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients
commonly used in the skin care industry, that are suitable for use
in the compositions of the present invention. Examples of these
functional classes include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking
agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking
agents, chelating agents, chemical additives; colorants, cosmetic
astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents,
emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance
components, opacifying agents, plasticizers, preservatives
(sometimes referred to as antimicrobials), propellants, reducing
agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (emollient,
miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin protectants, solvents,
surfactants, foam boosters, hydrotropes, solubilizing agents,
suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet
light absorbers, detackifiers, and viscosity increasing agents
(aqueous and nonaqueous). Examples of other functional classes of
materials useful herein that are well known to one of ordinary
skill in the art include solubilizing agents, sequestrants,
keratolytics, topical active ingredients, and the like.
The compositions of the present invention may be employed in many
types of dispensers typically used for soaps, sanitizers, or lotion
products, for example pump dispensers. In some embodiments, when
delivering a concentrate product, the pump volumes may need to be
adjusted to deliver lower volumes of liquid and/or higher volumes
of air (when dispensing foam). A wide variety of pump dispensers
are suitable. Pump dispensers may be affixed to bottles or other
free-standing containers. Pump dispensers may be incorporated into
wall-mounted dispensers. Pump dispensers may be activated manually
by hand or foot pump, or may be automatically activated. Useful
dispensers include those available from GOJO Industries under the
designations NXT.RTM. and TFX.TM. as well as traditional bag-in-box
dispensers. Examples of dispensers are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,265,772, 5,944,227, 6,877,642, 7,028,861, 7,611,030, and
7,621,426, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In
one or more embodiments, the dispenser includes an outlet such as a
nozzle, through which the composition is dispensed. In certain
exemplary embodiments, the low-water composition is used in
dispensers that employ foaming pumps, which combine ambient air or
an inert gas and the composition in a mixing chamber and pass the
mixture through a mesh screen. Exemplary embodiments of foam pumps
that may be used are shown and described in, U.S. Pat. No.
7,303,099 titled Stepped Pump Foam Dispenser; U.S. Pat. No.
8,002,150 titled Split Engagement Flange for Soap Piston; U.S. Pat.
No. 8,091,739 titled Engagement Flange for Fluid Dispenser Pump
Piston; U.S. Pat. No. 8,113,388 titled Engagement Flange for
Removable Dispenser Cartridge; U.S. Pat. No. 8,272,539, Angled Slot
Foam Dispenser; U.S. U.S. 8,272,540 titled Split Engagement Flange
for Soap Dispenser Pump Piston; U.S. Pat. No. 8,464,912 titled
Split Engagement Flange for Soap Dispenser Pump Piston; U.S. Pat.
No. 8,360,286 titled Draw Back Push Pump; U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 15/429,389 titled High Quality Non-Aerosol Hand Sanitizing
Foam; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/369,007 Sequentially
Activated Multi-Diaphragm Foam Pumps, Refill Units and Dispenser
Systems; U.S. Pat. No. 8,172,555 titled Diaphragm Foam Pump; U.S.
2008/0,277,421 titled Gear Pump and Foam Dispenser, all of which
are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Exemplary touch-fee dispensers are also shown and described in U.S.
Pat. No. 7,837,066 titled Electronically Keyed Dispensing System
And Related Methods Utilizing Near Field Response; U.S. Pat. No.
9,172,266 title Power Systems For Touch Free Dispensers and Refill
Units Containing a Power Source; U.S. Pat. No. 7,909,209 titled
Apparatus for Hands-Free Dispensing of a Measured Quantity of
Material; U.S. Pat. No. 7,611,030 titled Apparatus for Hands-Free
Dispensing of a Measured Quantity of Material; U.S. Pat. No.
7,621,426 titled Electronically Keyed Dispensing Systems and
Related Methods Utilizing Near Field Response; and U.S. Pat. Pub.
No. 8/960,498 titled Touch-Free Dispenser with Single Cell
Operation and Battery Banking; all which are incorporated herein by
reference.
Exemplary dispensers and pumps that are particularly suitable for
dispensing the compositions disclosed herein in the form of foam
may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/356,795 titled
Foam Dispensing Systems, Pumps and Refill Units Having High Air to
Liquid Ratios, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/480,711
titled Sequentially Activated Multi-Diaphragm Foam Pumps, Refill
Units and Dispenser Systems, which are incorporated herein by
reference in their entirety.
A surprising benefit of the present low-water cleansing composition
is that even with the presence of alcohol, the composition does not
negatively impact skin's water content after use, as measured by
the transepidermal water loss measurement. In some exemplary
embodiments, after application to a skin surface, the low-water
cleansing composition produces a transepidermal water loss
measurement that is not higher by a statistically significant
amount, compared to an otherwise identical composition that does
not include alcohol.
Another benefit of the present low-water cleansing composition is
that even with the presence of alcohol, the composition improves
skin's overall hydration after use, as measured using a
Corneometer.RTM.. In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water
cleansing composition produces a hydration level that is not lower
by a statistically significant amount, compared to an otherwise
identical composition that does not include alcohol.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing composition
includes the following ingredients:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Wt. % of the total Ingredient Composition
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 Alcohol 5.0-40.0 Total Surfactant 10.0-40.0
Humectant 0.1-10.0 Emollient 0-3.0 pH adjuster 0.01-1.0
Thickener/emulsifier 0-2.0 Water q.s. Active surfactant >5.0
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Wt. % of the total Ingredient Composition
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 Alcohol 15.0-30.0 Primary Surfactant 10.0-25.0
Secondary Surfactant 2.0-20.0 Humectant 2.0-8.0 Emollient 0.5-2.0
pH adjuster 0.05-0.5 Thickener/emulsifier 0.1-1.0 Water q.s. Active
surfactant >7.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Wt. % of the total Ingredient Composition
C.sub.1-8 Alcohol 5.0-20.0 Primary Surfactant 12.0-20.0 Secondary
Surfactant 4.0-15.0 Humectant(s) 5.0-20.0 Emollient 2.0-6.0
Antimicrobial 0.5-5.0 pH adjuster 0.01-1.0 Water q.s. Active
surfactant >10.0
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Ingredient Wt. % Active Surfactant C.sub.1-8
Alcohol 5.0-40.0 Active Surfactant 5.0-25.0%
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ingredient Wt. % Active C.sub.1-8 Alcohol
5.0-30.0 Active Surfactant 7.0-20.0%
Further exemplary embodiments relate to a method of skin treatment
with a foamable cleansing composition. In certain exemplary
embodiments, the method includes applying a low-water cleansing
composition to a skin surface. In certain exemplary embodiments,
the low-water cleansing composition includes from about 10 to about
40 wt. % of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alcohols based on the total
weight of the composition; greater than about 10 wt. % of one or
more surfactants; and water.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are included for purposes of illustration
and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure described
herein.
Example 1
Foam Quality
The impact that the addition of alcohol has on a low-water
cleansing composition was tested by measuring the foam volume and
density of various compositions that were concentrated anywhere
from 2.times. to 5.times.. To measure foam volume, an electronic
hands-free dispenser was used to actuate a pump at a controlled
speed and distance. The foam density was measured by first priming
the dispenser until 5 outputs of soap were delivered. Six
actuations were then collected into a tared, graduated, 100 mL
flask. The weight of the fluid and the foam volume was then
recorded. The results are illustrated in FIG. 1. The compositions
tested included various amounts of alcohol (0%-30%). Surprisingly,
as the amount of alcohol increased, the volume increased as well,
with the 2.times. low-water cleansing composition with 30% alcohol
having the greatest foam volume.
A foam generator was used to compare the energy required to
dispense foam of different formulations. As illustrated in FIG. 2,
the amount of energy required to operate a pump to dispense a
low-water cleansing composition decreased with increasing alcohol
concentration. Notably, a low-water cleansing composition
incorporating 30 wt. % ethanol required 0.1997 Joules of energy,
while an otherwise identical low-water cleansing composition
required 0.3298 Joules of energy. This can also be illustrated as a
reduction in work required to operate a pump (FIG. 3). As shown in
FIG. 3, a low-water cleansing composition with 30% ethanol required
39.5% less energy than an otherwise identical low-water cleansing
composition that was free of ethanol.
Example 2
Foam Density
The effect of alcohol on the foamability of cleansing compositions
at increasing active surfactant levels was tested and the results
are illustrated in FIG. 4. Compositions formulated in accordance
with the present application with 20 wt. % ethanol were prepared
using varied levels of active surfactant (3.68 wt. %, 7.35 wt. %,
11.08 wt. %, 14.70 wt. %, and 18.38 wt. %). Similar compositions
were prepared at the same surfactant active levels, only the
ethanol was replaced with water. The compositions were dispensed
through a foam dispenser and the output foam volume was measured.
As the fluid volume was known, the total air volume was calculated
by subtracting the fluid volume from the total foam volume. FIG. 4
illustrates the foam air volume/liquid volume ratios for each
composition. As shown in FIG. 4, as the percent active surfactant
level increases in the alcohol-free compositions, the air volume to
liquid volume ratio decreases, which indicates that the
compositions foaming ability is also decreasing. However, it has
been surprisingly discovered that the alcohol-containing
compositions (here with 20% ethanol) demonstrated consistent
foaming ability, even as the percent active surfactant levels were
raised to 18.38 wt. %.
Additionally, as both the level of surfactant and level of alcohol
affect the density of the composition, comparing foams created with
different density solutions may not accurately portray the density
of the foam. Thus, although density is typically measured in
mass/volume, the foam density may be converted to a fluid fraction
type metric by converting the fluid mass to fluid volume:
mL.sub.FLUID/mL.sub.FOAM. In some exemplary embodiments, the
low-water foamable composition achieves a foam density, as
dispensed, of 0.1 mL.sub.FLUID/mL.sub.FOAM or less, including 0.1
mL.sub.FLUID/mL.sub.FOAM or less, and 0.05 mL.sub.FLUID/mL.sub.FOAM
or less.
In some exemplary embodiments, the low-water cleansing compositions
having an active surfactant level of at least 5.0% achieve a foam
air volume to liquid volume ratio above 11. In some exemplary
embodiments, the low-water cleansing compositions having an active
surfactant level of at least 7.0% achieve a foam air volume to
liquid volume ratio above 11.
Example 3
Foamable Composition Viscosity
The viscosity of the foamable low-water cleansing compositions with
20 wt. % ethanol was measured at various levels of active
surfactant concentration and compared to the viscosity of similar
cleansing compositions in which the ethanol was replaced with
water. As illustrated in FIG. 5, at active surfactant
concentrations between 3.0% and 16.0%, the foamable low-water
cleansing composition maintained viscosity levels below 30 cPs. In
fact, at active surfactant levels at or below 13%, the foamable
low-water cleansing composition maintained viscosity levels below
25 cPs. In contrast, the alcohol-free composition demonstrated an
increase in viscosity to over 30 cPs at an active surfactant level
of about 13%.
In some exemplary embodiments, the foamable cleansing composition
has a viscosity of 50 cPs or below at active surfactant levels
between 5% and 30%, including a viscosity of 40 cPs or below at
active surfactant levels between 5% and 25%.
Although embodiments of the invention have been described herein,
it should be appreciated that many modifications can be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the general
inventive concepts. All such modifications are intended to be
included within the scope of the invention.
* * * * *
References