U.S. patent number 11,110,581 [Application Number 16/466,715] was granted by the patent office on 2021-09-07 for coil spacing.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hilti Aktiengesellschaft. The grantee listed for this patent is Hilti Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Konrad Artmann, Norbert Daam, Markus Hartmann, Thomas Schaefer.
United States Patent |
11,110,581 |
Artmann , et al. |
September 7, 2021 |
Coil spacing
Abstract
A power tool (1) is provided, especially a hammer drill and/or a
chiseling hammer drill, including a percussive mechanism (12) with
a percussive element (13) to generate a percussive pulse onto a
tool (1), the element being reversibly movable along a longitudinal
axis (R) by a magnetic field in order to generate the percussive
pulse, and including at least a first and a second coil device (1,
2) to generate the magnetic field. Each coil device (1, 2) has at
least a first coil ring (3) with a first radius (R1) and a second
coil ring (4) with a second radius (R2), whereby the first radius
(R1) of the first coil ring (3) is greater than the second radius
(R2) of the second coil ring (4), so that a space (S) is formed, at
least in certain areas, between the at least first and second coil
rings (3, 4), whereby a fluid (L), especially an air stream, that
serves to cool the coil device (1, 2) can flow through the
space.
Inventors: |
Artmann; Konrad (Schondof,
DE), Schaefer; Thomas (Obermeitingen, DE),
Hartmann; Markus (Mauerstetten, DE), Daam;
Norbert (Oberdiessen, DE) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hilti Aktiengesellschaft |
Schaan |
N/A |
LI |
|
|
Assignee: |
Hilti Aktiengesellschaft
(Schaan, LI)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005789659 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/466,715 |
Filed: |
November 9, 2017 |
PCT
Filed: |
November 09, 2017 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/EP2017/078697 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
June 05, 2019 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2018/103988 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
June 14, 2018 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20190308306 A1 |
Oct 10, 2019 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Dec 9, 2016 [EP] |
|
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16203113 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02K
7/145 (20130101); H02K 3/24 (20130101); H02K
33/12 (20130101); B25D 17/20 (20130101); H02K
9/02 (20130101); B25D 16/00 (20130101); B25D
11/064 (20130101); H02K 9/06 (20130101); B25D
2250/145 (20130101); B25D 2217/0061 (20130101); H02K
2213/03 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25D
17/20 (20060101); H02K 9/06 (20060101); H02K
7/14 (20060101); H02K 33/12 (20060101); H02K
3/24 (20060101); B25D 16/00 (20060101); B25D
11/06 (20060101); H02K 9/02 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;173/1,217 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1378987 |
|
Jan 1975 |
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GB |
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WO2010/117127 |
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Oct 2010 |
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WO |
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Other References
International Search Report of PCT/EP2017/078697, dated Aug. 1,
2018. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Chukwurah; Nathaniel C
Assistant Examiner: Smith; Jacob A
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Davidson, Davidson & Kappel,
LLC
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A power tool comprising: a percussive mechanism with a
percussive element to generate a percussive pulse onto a tool, the
percussive element being reversibly movable along a longitudinal
axis by a magnetic field in order to generate the percussive pulse;
and at least a first and a second coil device to generate the
magnetic field, each of the first and second coil devices having at
least a first coil ring with a first radius and a second coil ring
with a second radius, whereby the first radius of the first coil
ring is greater than the second radius of the second coil ring, so
that a space is formed, at least in certain areas, between the at
least first and second coil rings, a fluid serving to cool the
first and second coil devices flowable through the space; wherein
the first and second coil rings are arranged with respect to each
other in such a way that the distance between an upper end of an
uppermost coil ring and a lower end of a lowermost coil ring of the
first and second coil rings is greater than a sum of a first height
of the uppermost coil ring and of a second height of the lowermost
coil ring.
2. The power tool as recited in claim 1 wherein the first or second
coil device has more than the first and second coil ring so that a
plurality of corresponding spaces are present between the
individual coil rings, at least in certain areas.
3. The power tool as recited in claim 1 wherein the first and
second coil rings are arranged in a vertical plane.
4. The power tool as recited in claim 1 wherein each of the first
and second coil rings has a maximum of two to fourteen winding
layers of an electric conductor.
5. The power tool as recited in claim 4 wherein each of the first
and second coil rings has a maximum of seven or eight winding
layers of an electric conductor.
6. The power tool as recited in claim 1 wherein the space between
the first and second coil rings has a height of 2 mm to 10 mm.
7. The power tool as recited in claim 1 wherein the fluid is an air
stream.
8. A method for operating the power tool as recited in claim 1
comprising flowing the fluid through the space.
9. A hammer drill comprising the power tool as recited in claim
1.
10. A chiseling hammer drill comprising the power tool as recited
in claim 1.
11. The power tool as recited in claim 1 further comprising a
sleeve, the first coil ring and the second coil ring being
positioned around the sleeve.
12. The power tool as recited in claim 11 wherein the percussive
element is positioned inside the sleeve.
13. The power tool as recited in claim 12 further comprising a
spring at a rear end of the sleeve serving to brake and return the
percussive element.
14. The power tool as recited in claim 13 further comprising an
intermediate striking pin element between the tool and the
percussive element.
15. The power tool as recited in claim 13 wherein the spring is a
helical spring.
16. The power tool as recited in claim 1 further comprising a tool
socket between the percussive mechanism and the tool, the tool
socket for holding the tool socket.
17. The power tool as recited in claim 16 wherein further the tool
socket is arranged coaxially with the percussive mechanism.
18. The power tool as recited in claim 1 further comprising an
intermediate striking pin element between the tool and the
percussive element.
19. The power tool as recited in claim 1 further comprising a fan
for generating flow of the fluid.
Description
The present invention relates to a power tool, especially to a
hammer drill and/or a chiseling hammer drill, comprising a
percussive mechanism having a percussive element to generate a
percussive pulse onto a tool, said element being reversibly
displaceable along a longitudinal axis by means of a magnetic field
in order to generate the percussive pulse, and comprising at least
a first and a second coil device to generate the magnetic
field.
BACKGROUND
Hand-held power tools, which for the most part are electrically
driven, are employed for drilling as well as for chiseling when it
comes to drilling work in the installation sector as well as in
demolition, etc. The hand-held hammer drills and/or chiseling
hammer drills normally have a drive that is arranged in a device
housing and that actuates a drilling or chiseling tool clamped in a
tool socket. For purposes of improving the demolition performance
during drilling and especially for chiseling, the devices are
equipped with a percussive mechanism that, during operation,
generates axial strikes or percussive pulses which are exerted onto
the tool clamped in the tool socket. Several solutions for
generating periodical axial strikes are known from the state of the
art.
Aside from essentially mechanically excited percussive mechanisms,
the state of the art has also proposed electromagnetic percussive
mechanisms in which a magnetizable striking plunger is operated in
a magnetic field inside a coil. For example, U.S. Pat. No.
4,553,074 discloses an electromagnetic percussive mechanism in
which a striking plunger operates in an electric field inside a
cylindrical stator coil. When a current pulse is applied to the
coil, the striking plunger is accelerated in the direction of the
tool clamped in the tool socket. Once the impact has been
delivered, the striking plunger recoils and is moved in the
opposite direction, for instance, by a return spring. In order to
return the striking plunger, it is also possible to employ a
reverse-poled magnetic field instead of a return spring.
Subsequently, the striking procedure starts anew.
A problematic aspect often encountered with the above-mentioned
electromagnetic percussive mechanisms according to the state of the
art is that of excessive heat generation by the coils which, among
other things, can cause damage to and/or failure of a component or
of the entire percussive mechanism. Before this backdrop, the
objective of the present invention is to put forward a power tool,
especially a hammer drill and/or a chiseling hammer drill,
comprising a percussive mechanism with a percussive element to
generate a percussive pulse onto a tool, by means of which the
above-mentioned problem can be solved and especially so that the
probability of damage to and/or failure of a component or of the
entire percussive mechanism can be reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a power tool, especially a hammer
drill and/or a chiseling hammer drill, comprising a percussive
mechanism with a percussive element to generate a percussive pulse
onto a tool, said percussive element being reversibly movable along
a longitudinal axis by means of a magnetic field in order to
generate the percussive pulse, and comprising at least a first and
a second coil device to generate the magnetic field.
According to the invention, it is provided for the power tool to be
such that each coil device has at least a first coil ring with a
first radius and a second coil ring with a second radius, whereby
the first radius of the first coil ring is greater than the second
radius of the second coil ring, so that a space is formed, at least
in certain areas, between the at least first and second coil rings,
whereby a fluid, especially an air stream, that serves to cool the
coil device can flow through said space.
This makes it possible for cooling air to flow through between the
individual coil rings, thereby countering the generation of heat on
the coils and on the coil device in its entirety. A reduced heat
generation diminishes the probability of damage to and/or failure
of a component or of the entire percussive mechanism. Moreover, the
division of the coil device into several coil rings reduces the
individual size and height of the coil winding that generates the
heat.
Each coil ring is a component of one or more windings of an
electric conductor of the coil device for generating the magnetic
field. In this context, each coil ring can have its own winding
coil, which is separated from the other windings. According to an
advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it can be
provided for the coil device to have more than a first and second
coil ring with corresponding spaces that are present between the
individual coil rings, at least in certain areas. In this manner,
the coil device can be further divided into individual coil rings,
so that additional spaces can be provided accordingly in order to
cool the coil device. The configuration of the coil device with
more than a first and second coil ring is particularly advantageous
in the case of coils having larger diameters and a high number of
windings. The higher the number of windings consisting of electric
conductors and the higher the number of electric conductors
positioned above each other, the greater the generation of heat in
or on the coils.
According to another embodiment, it can also be seen as
advantageous for the at least first and second coil rings to be
arranged in a vertical plane. As a result, the total length of the
coil device can be shortened, thus saving space inside the power
tool.
According to another advantageous embodiment, it can be provided
for each coil ring to have a maximum of two to fourteen winding
layers, preferably seven or eight winding layers, for an electric
conductor. The electric conductor can be configured as a wire. It
has been found that limiting the number of winding layers of an
electric conductor to two to twelve winding layers can prevent
excessive heat generation in or on the coils, so that sufficient
cooling can be achieved due to the space between the coil
rings.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention,
it can be provided for the individual coil rings to be arranged
with respect to each other in such a way that the distance between
an upper end of the uppermost coil ring and a lower end of the
lowermost coil ring is greater than the sum of the first height of
the uppermost coil ring and of the second height of the lowermost
coil ring. In this manner, a virtually optimal relationship between
the height of the individual coil ring and the space can be
achieved in order to cool the coil rings. According to another
advantageous embodiment, it can be provided for the space between
the at least first and second coil rings to have a height of 2 mm
to 10 mm. In this manner, a virtually optimal height of the space
can be achieved between the individual coil rings as far as the
cooling effect is concerned. Additional advantages can be gleaned
from the description of the figures below. The figures depict
several embodiments of the present invention. The figures, the
description and the claims contain numerous features in
combination. The person skilled in the art will advantageously also
consider the features individually and merge them to form
additional meaningful combinations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Identical and similar components are provided with the same
reference numerals in the figures. The following is shown:
FIG. 1: a schematic depiction of a first and second coil device,
each having a first and second coil ring as components of a
percussive mechanism of a power tool;
FIG. 2: a sectional view through an embodiment of a power tool
according to the invention with a percussive mechanism as well as a
first and second coil device according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 3: a sectional view through an embodiment of the power tool
according to the invention with a percussive mechanism as well as
the first and second coil device according to another
embodiment;
FIG. 4: a sectional view along section C-C in FIG. 1 through a
first and a second coil device according to the first
embodiment;
FIG. 5: a sectional view along section C-C in FIG. 1 through the
first and second coil devices according to another embodiment;
FIG. 6: a sectional view along section C-C in FIG. 1 through the
first and second coil devices according to another embodiment;
FIG. 7: a perspective view of the coil device with a first and
second coil ring;
FIG. 8: a sectional view through the coil device with the first and
second coil rings along section B-B in FIG. 7; and
FIG. 9 a sectional view through the coil device having the first
and second coil rings along section A-A in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a first coil device 1 and a second coil device 2. The
first coil device 1 has a first coil ring 3 as well as a second
coil ring 4. The coil rings 3, 4 are positioned around a sleeve 5.
The first as well as the second coil devices 1, 2 are components of
a percussive mechanism 12 of a power tool 7.
The power tool 7 is configured in the form of a chiseling hammer
drill. The power tool 7 configured as a chiseling hammer drill
essentially has a device housing 8, a handle 9 and a tool socket 10
to hold a tool 11, for instance, a drill bit or chisel.
The rear end of the handle 9 is connected to the device housing 8
in the direction N and it has a power switch with which the power
tool 7 configured as a chiseling hammer drill can be switched on.
The power switch is not shown in the figures. The electrically
driven power tool 7 can be connected via a connection cable to a
source of power, for example, an outlet, in order to be supplied
with energy. The connection cable, the outlet and the power source
are not shown in the figures.
Moreover, inside the device housing 8, there is a percussive
mechanism 12 that is preferably arranged coaxially with respect to
the tool socket 10 and to the tool 11 placed therein. The tool 11
is configured in the form of a chisel.
The percussive mechanism 12 essentially comprises the first coil
device 1 and the second coil device 2, the sleeve 5 as well as a
percussive element 13. The percussive element 13 is positioned
inside the sleeve 5 and it can be reversibly moved back and forth
periodically along the axis R of the percussive mechanism 12 in the
direction M or N. A spring 14 is positioned at the rear end of the
sleeve 5 as seen in the direction N. The spring 14 is configured in
the form of a helical spring. However, it is also possible for the
spring 14 to be configured in the form of an air spring. During the
forward movement in the direction M or in the direction of the tool
11 that is clamped into the tool socket 10, the percussive element
13 strikes the rear end of the tool 11 or of an intermediate
striking pin element 15. In this process, the percussive element 13
releases a large portion of its kinetic energy to the tool 11 in a
pulsed manner. The kinetic energy transmitted to the tool 11 in a
pulsed manner can be used to work (chisel) a mineral material (e.g.
rock). The mineral material is not shown in the figures. The spring
14 situated in the rear part of the sleeve 5 serves to brake and
return the percussive element 13 once the percussive element 13 has
moved in the direction N and then has to be moved back in the
direction M.
The percussive mechanism 12 depicted in the figures is based on the
principle of polarized reluctances and essentially comprises a
first and second coil device 1, 2. The coil devices 1, 2 can
generate a magnetic field in which the percussive element 13 can
periodically be reversibly moved axially in the directions M and
N.
A fan 16 is arranged behind the first and second coil devices 1, 2
in the direction N. The fan 16 has an impeller 17 that can rotate
around the sleeve 5, thus generating an air stream L. The air
stream L generated by the fan impeller 17 draws ambient air into
the interior of the device housing 8 via the rear ventilation
openings 18. As described below in detail, the air for the cooling
flows through the coil devices 1, 2 and especially through the
first and second coil rings 3, 4. The air stream then finally exits
the device housing 8 via the front ventilation openings 19.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, the first or second coil device 1, 2 is shown as
a component of the percussive mechanism 12 in the interior of the
power tool 11 configured as a chiseling hammer drill.
FIGS. 2 and 4 show the first and second coil devices 1, 2 according
to a first embodiment. Each coil device 1, 2 has a first coil ring
3 and a second coil ring 4. The first coil ring 3 as well as the
second coil ring 4 are configured so as to be circular. The first
coil ring 3 has a first radius R1 while the second coil ring 4 has
a second radius R2; see FIGS. 4 and 7. The radius R1 extends from
the axis R to approximately the center of the first coil ring 3
while the radius R2 extends from the axis R to approximately the
center of the second coil ring 4.
According to the first embodiment, the first and second coil
devices 1, 2 are configured essentially identically, that is to
say, in the first and second coil devices 1, 2, the cross-sectional
surface area Q3 of the first coil ring 3 is essentially the same
size as the cross-sectional surface area Q4 of the second coil ring
4. Moreover, the first and second coil rings 3, 4 are positioned in
a plane with respect to each other. This plane extends essentially
vertically. The second coil ring 4 is thus located inside the first
coil ring 3.
According to another embodiment, the coil devices 1, 2 can also be
configured in such a way that the first and second coil rings 3, 4
are not positioned in a vertical plane with respect to each other.
As is shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the first coil device 1, the
first coil ring 3 is arranged offset in a direction N relative to
the second coil ring 4. In the case of the second coil device 2,
however, the first and second coil rings 3, 4 are arranged inside
each other in a vertical plane relative to each other, that is to
say, they are inside one another.
According to another embodiment of the coil device 1, 2 shown in
FIG. 5, it is likewise possible for the second coil ring 4 of the
first and second coil devices 1, 2 to be arranged offset in the
direction N relative to the first coil ring 3 of the first and
second coil devices 1, 2.
However, it is also possible for the second coil ring 4 of the
first and second coil devices 1, 2 to be arranged offset in the
direction M relative to the first coil ring 3 of the first and
second coil devices 1, 2. Owing to the offset arrangement of the
first and second coil rings 3, 4 relative to each other, an air gap
that extends essentially vertically can be formed between the first
and second coil rings so that cooling air L generated by the fan
impeller 17 can flow through said air gap.
According to another embodiment of the coil devices 1, 2 shown in
FIG. 6, it is likewise possible for the second coil ring 4 of the
first and second coil devices 1, 2 to be arranged offset in the
direction N relative to the first coil ring 3 of the first and
second coil devices 1, 2 and for the cross-sectional surface area
Q4 of the second coil ring 4 of the first and second coil devices
1, 2 to be smaller than the cross-sectional surface area Q3 of the
first coil ring 3 of the first and second coil devices 1, 2.
According to an alternative embodiment, it is also possible for the
first and/or second coil ring 3,4 to be configured so as not to be
circular, but rather, so as to be polygonal or to have some other
suitable shape. In this context, it is also possible for the coil
rings 3, 4 to have an oval or asymmetrical shape.
As is shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, each coil ring 3, 4 has a number of
windings of an electrically conductive wire 30. As is especially
shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the continuous wire 30 is arranged in rows
or layers over each other. The wire 30 is wound in six rows in each
coil ring 3, 4.
According to an alternative embodiment, however, it is also
possible for a maximum of two to fourteen rows or winding layers of
the wire 30 to be arranged over each other in each coil ring 3, 4.
Particularly advantageously, there are seven or eight winding
layers or rows of the wire 30 laid over each other. The height H1
of the first coil ring 3 as well as the height H2 of the second
coil ring 4 can amount to two to ten times the diameter 40 of the
wire 30; see FIG. 9. As is shown in FIG. 4, the heights H1, H2 of
the individual coil rings 3, 4 and the arrangement of the
individual coil rings 3,4 are configured in such a way that a
distance A between an upper end of the uppermost or first coil ring
3 and a lower end of the lowermost or second coil ring 4 is greater
than the sum of the first height H1 of the uppermost or first coil
ring 3 and the second height H2 of the lowermost or second coil
ring 4. This yields a space S between the first and second coil
rings 3,4. The position and function of the space S will be
described in detail below. As can also be seen in FIG. 4, the
distance between the lower end of the lower or second coil ring 4
and the longitudinal axis R is designated by the reference letter
C. The distance between the upper end of the lower or second coil
ring 4 and the longitudinal axis R is designated by the reference
letter D. The difference between the distances C and D is the
height H2 of the lower or second coil ring 4.
Consequently, the distance A corresponds to the difference between
distances B and C. Moreover, distance A is always greater than the
sum of the heights H1 and H2. Distance A is likewise greater than
the sum of the difference between B and E as well as the difference
between D and C.
The distance between the lower end of the upper or first coil ring
3 and the longitudinal axis R is designated by the reference letter
E. The distance between the upper end of the upper or first coil
ring 3 and the longitudinal axis R is designated by the reference
letter B. The difference between distances B and E is the height H1
of the upper or first coil ring 3.
Moreover, the first coil ring 3 has a first radius R1 while the
second coil ring 4 has a second radius R2. As can be seen in FIGS.
4 and 7, the radius R1 is greater than the radius R2. The second
coil ring 4 is positioned inside the first coil ring 3. The first
and the second coil rings 3, 4 are situated in the same plane as
well as parallel to each other.
As already mentioned above, FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the
coil device 1, 2. The second coil ring 4 of the first and second
coil devices 1, 2 is arranged offset by a distance F in the
direction N relative to the first coil ring 3 of the first and
second coil devices 1, 2. The width G or the distance from the
left-hand side edge of the first coil ring 3 to the right-hand side
edge of the second coil ring 4 is precisely the same as the sum of
the maximum width H of the first coil ring 3 and the maximum width
J of the second coil ring 4. However, it is also possible for the
width G or the distance from the left-hand side edge of the first
coil ring 3 to the right-hand side edge of the second coil ring 4
to be smaller than the sum of the height H of the first coil ring 3
and the width J of the second coil ring 4. As already mentioned
above, FIG. 6 shows a possible configuration of the coil devices 1,
2 in which the first and second coil rings 3, 4 have
cross-sectional surface areas Q3, Q4 of different sizes. In the
embodiment shown, the cross-sectional surface area Q4 of the second
coil rings 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional surface areas Q3
of the first coil rings 3. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the height H1
of the first coil rings 3 is greater than height H2 of the second
coil rings 4. As a result, the space S between the coil rings 3,4
is enlarged. The distance between the lower edge of the second coil
ring 4 and the sleeve 5 is likewise enlarged. Consequently, more
cooling air L can flow between the two coil rings 3, 4 and between
the second coil ring 4 and the sleeve 5. This enhances the efficacy
of the cooling.
As is shown in FIG. 7, the second coil ring 4 is joined to the
first coil ring 3 by means of seven webs 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57. However, it is also possible for more or fewer than the seven
webs 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 to be provided in order to join the
second coil ring 4 to the first coil ring 3. At least one of the
webs 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 is configured in such a way that
the winding wire 30 of the first and second coil rings 3, 4 is
connected. In other words, this is a single winding wire 30 that is
wound in the first and second coil rings 3, 4. Here, the at least
one web 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 that serves to join the first
and second coil rings 3, 4 is configured so as to be hollow. FIG. 8
shows, for instance, a coil device 1, 2 in which the second coil
ring 4 is joined to the first coil ring 3 by means of just four
webs 51, 52, 53, 54.
The ring-shaped space S between the first and second coil rings 4,4
is formed by the special arrangement of the first and second coil
rings 3, 4 (in particular, see FIGS. 4, 6 to 5). The shape of the
space S essentially matches the corresponding inner and outer
contours of the first and second coil rings 3, 4. The space S is
configured such that a fluid or medium, especially an air stream L,
can flow through it in order to cool the coil device 1, 2. In this
process, the cooling of the coil device 1, 2 is based on the
convection principle. The air stream L can also be referred to as a
convection stream. Therefore, on the one hand, the division of the
coil device 1, 2 into at least a first and a second coil ring 3, 4
prevents too many heat-generating wire windings 30 from being laid
over each other and also prevents excessive heat from being
generated inside the coil device 1, 2. On the other hand, a
ring-shaped space S between the individual coil rings 3, 4 allows
cooling air L to flow through the individual coil rings 3, 4 in
order to cool the coil device 1, 2. The air stream L flowing
through the space S and along the individual coil rings 3, 4
reduces heat generation and effectively prevents overheating of the
coil device 1, 2.
* * * * *