U.S. patent number 10,964,302 [Application Number 14/591,137] was granted by the patent office on 2021-03-30 for vibration damping material for high temperature use.
This patent grant is currently assigned to RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION. The grantee listed for this patent is United Technologies Corporation. Invention is credited to Shahram Amini, Sergei F. Burlatsky, Dmitri Novikov, Christopher W. Strock.
United States Patent |
10,964,302 |
Amini , et al. |
March 30, 2021 |
Vibration damping material for high temperature use
Abstract
An article includes a MAX phase solid and a high temperature
melting point metallic material interdispersed with the MAX phase
material.
Inventors: |
Amini; Shahram (Glastonbury,
CT), Strock; Christopher W. (Kennebunk, ME), Burlatsky;
Sergei F. (West Hartford, CT), Novikov; Dmitri (Avon,
CT) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
United Technologies Corporation |
Hartford |
CT |
US |
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Assignee: |
RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES
CORPORATION (Waltham, MA)
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Family
ID: |
1000005455788 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/591,137 |
Filed: |
January 7, 2015 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20150199952 A1 |
Jul 16, 2015 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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61926993 |
Jan 14, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C22C
1/1036 (20130101); C22C 32/0068 (20130101); C04B
35/56 (20130101); C22C 29/06 (20130101); C04B
35/5615 (20130101); C22C 29/067 (20130101); C22C
1/051 (20130101); C22C 1/1084 (20130101); C22C
32/0052 (20130101); C04B 35/58 (20130101); C04B
35/5618 (20130101); C22C 29/16 (20130101); G10K
11/165 (20130101); B22F 2998/10 (20130101); B22F
2998/10 (20130101); C22C 1/1084 (20130101); B22F
3/14 (20130101); B22F 3/15 (20130101); B22F
3/1035 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10K
11/165 (20060101); C22C 32/00 (20060101); C22C
1/10 (20060101); C22C 29/06 (20060101); C22C
29/16 (20060101); C04B 35/58 (20060101); C04B
35/56 (20060101); C22C 1/05 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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2010033278 |
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Mar 2010 |
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WO |
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2012177712 |
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Dec 2012 |
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WO |
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2014143266 |
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Sep 2014 |
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WO |
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Other References
Liang, Y. et al. "Electrodeposition and characterization of
Ni/Ti3Si(Al)C2 composite coatings." 2011. J. Materials Science
Technology. 27(11). 1016-1024. cited by examiner .
Sun, Z.M. et al. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of
porous Ti3SiC2." 2005. Acta Materiallia. 53. p. 4359-4366. (Year:
2005). cited by examiner .
European Search Report for European Patent Application No. 15150793
completed Mar. 13, 2015. cited by applicant .
MAX phases: Bridging the gap between metals and ceramics. American
Ceramic Society Bulletin, vol. 92(3). Apr. 2013. cited by applicant
.
Li, S., Xiao, L., Song, G., Wu, X., Sloof, W., and van der Zwaag,
S. (2013). Oxidation and crack healing behavior of a find-grained
Cr2AlC ceramic. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol.
96(3). p. 892-899. cited by applicant .
MAX Phase and AAC Research Groups.
http://max.materials.drexel.edu/research-areas/max-phases retrieved
Nov. 20, 2013. cited by applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Wang; Nicholas A
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Carlson, Gaskey & Olds,
P.C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application
No. 61/926,993, filed Jan. 14, 2014.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An article comprising: a MAX phase solid in the form of
particles, the MAX phase solid having a formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n,
where n=1-3, M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group
element, and X includes at least one of carbon and nitrogen; and a
high temperature melting point metallic material through which the
particles of the MAX phase solid are dispersed such that the
particles are spaced apart and the metallic material surrounds the
particles, the high temperature melting point metallic material is
a metal or an alloy having a base metal selected from the group
consisting of Zr, Y, Sc, Be, Co, Fe, Ni, and combinations thereof,
and a ratio, in volume percent, of the high temperature melting
point metallic material to the MAX phase solid is from 70:30 to
95:5, wherein the high temperature melting point metallic material
and the MAX phase solid together define a porosity of 50 vol % to
80 vol %.
2. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the high temperature
melting point metallic material has a hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
crystalline structure.
3. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the high temperature
melting point metallic material is Ni or a Ni-based alloy.
4. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the high temperature
melting point metallic material is Co or a Co-based alloy.
5. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the high temperature
melting point metallic material is Fe or an Fe-based alloy.
6. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the high temperature
melting point metallic material is Ti or a Ti-based alloy.
7. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the MAX phase solid
is selected from the group consisting of Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2,
Ti.sub.2AlC, and combinations thereof.
8. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the MAX phase solid
includes Ti.sub.2AlC.
9. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the MAX phase solid
includes Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2.
10. The article as recited in claim 1, wherein the M in the formula
M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n is selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti,
Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and combinations thereof, and the A in
the formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n is selected from the group consisting
of Cd, Al, Gd, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, S, and combinations
thereof.
11. A method comprising: identifying a vibration characteristic of
an article; controlling a composition of a composite material of
the article with respect to the vibration characteristic, the
composition including a MAX phase solid in the form of particles
having a formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n, where n=1-3, M is an early
transition metal, A is an A-group element, and X includes at least
one of carbon and nitrogen, and a high temperature melting point
metallic material through which the MAX phase solid are dispersed
such that the particles are spaced apart and the metallic material
surrounds the particles, the high temperature melting point
metallic material is a metal or an alloy having a base metal
selected from the group consisting of Zr, Y, Sc, Be, Co, Fe, Ni,
and combinations thereof, and a ratio, in volume percent, of the
high temperature melting point metallic material to the MAX phase
solid is from 70:30 to 95:5, wherein the high temperature melting
point metallic material and the MAX phase solid together define a
porosity of 50 vol % to 80 vol %.
Description
BACKGROUND
This disclosure relates to composite materials.
Various types of machinery can include rotating and fixed
components that may be subjected to mechanical vibrations during
use. Polymeric materials can be used for vibrational or acoustic
energy attenuation at relatively low temperatures. However, at
higher temperatures, polymeric materials cannot survive
environmental and/or mechanical demands and thus are not viable
options.
SUMMARY
An article according to an example of the present disclosure
includes a MAX phase solid having a formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n where
n=1-3, M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element and
X includes at least one of carbon and nitrogen and a high
temperature melting point metallic material interdispersed with the
MAX phase solid.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is a metal or an
alloy having a base metal selected from the group consisting of Ti,
Zr, Y, Sc, Be, Co, Fe, Ni, and combinations thereof.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material has a hexagonal
close-packed (hcp) crystalline structure.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is Ni or a
Ni-based alloy.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is Co or a
Co-based alloy.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is Fe or an
Fe-based alloy.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is Ti or a
Ti-based alloy.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
MAX phase solid is selected from the group consisting of
Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2, Ti.sub.2AlC, and combinations thereof.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
MAX phase solid includes Ti.sub.2AlC.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
MAX phase solid includes Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the M
in the formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n is selected from the group
consisting of Sc, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and combinations
thereof, and the A in the formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n is selected
from the group consisting of Cd, Al, Gd, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P,
As, S, and combinations thereof.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, a
ratio, in volume percent, of the high temperature melting point
metallic material to the MAX phase solid is from 30:70 to 95:5.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, a
ratio, in volume percent, of the high temperature melting point
metallic material to the MAX phase solid is from 30:70 to
70:30.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material and the MAX phase
solid define a porosity of 0 to 50 vol %.
A composite material according to an example of the present
disclosure includes a MAX phase solid having a formula
M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n, where n=1-3, M is an early transition metal, A
is an A-group element, and X includes at least one of carbon and
nitrogen, and a high temperature melting point metallic material
interdispersed with the MAX phase solid.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material is a metal or an
alloy having a base metal selected from the group consisting of Ti,
Zr, Y, Sc, Be, Co, Fe, Ni, and combinations thereof.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, a
ratio, in volume percent, of the high temperature melting point
metallic material to the MAX phase solid is from 30:70 to 95:5.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, a
ratio, in volume percent, of the high temperature melting point
metallic material to the MAX phase solid is from 30:70 to
70:30.
In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
high temperature melting point metallic material and the MAX phase
solid define a porosity of 0 to 50 vol %.
A method according to an example of the present disclosure includes
identifying a vibration characteristic of an articl and controlling
a composition of a composite material of the article with respect
to the vibration characteristic. The composition includes a MAX
phase solid having a formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n, where n=1-3, M is
an early transition metal, A is an A-group element, and X includes
at least one of carbon and nitrogen, and a high temperature melting
point metallic material interdispersed with the MAX phase
solid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various features and advantages of the present disclosure will
become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following
detailed description. The drawings that accompany the detailed
description can be briefly described as follows.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example article having a
composite material that includes a MAX phase material and a high
temperature melting point metallic material.
FIG. 2 illustrates a representative portion of a porous composite
material that includes a MAX phase material and a high temperature
melting point metallic material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Polymeric materials can be used for vibrational or acoustic energy
attenuation at relatively low temperatures. Damping in high
temperature environments, however, can be challenging because
materials that are effective for damping at lower temperatures
cannot survive the environmental and/or mechanical demands at the
higher temperatures. Therefore, a paradigm that serves lower
temperatures regimes cannot serve higher temperature regimes
because factors such as corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance,
creep resistance, fatigue resistance, and strength at the high
temperatures, as well as damping characteristics, can come into
play. Disclosed herein is a composite material that is adapted for
damping in high temperature environments.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a representative portion of an
article 20 that includes a composite material 22 that can be used
for vibrational energy attenuation in high temperature
environments. The article 20 can be a gas turbine engine component
that includes the composite material 22, but is not limited to such
articles. The article 20 may be used in continuous use environments
of 1000.degree. F.-2200.degree. F. In gas turbine engines,
components in the high pressure compressor section, components in
the turbine section, components in the combustor and components in
other areas of the engine can operate at such temperatures. These
components can be fabricated from, or can include portions that are
fabricated from, the composite material 22. As examples, the
composite material 22 can be fabricated to form a structural
portion of a component, or a non-structural portion of a component,
such as a coating.
The composite material 22 includes a MAX phase solid 24 and a high
temperature melting point metallic material 26 (hereafter "metallic
material 26") interdispersed with the MAX phase solid 24. The MAX
phase solid 24 has a formula M.sub.n+1AX.sub.n, where n=1-3, M is
an early transition metal, A is an A-group element of the Periodic
Table, and X includes at least one of carbon and nitrogen or both.
In further examples, the M in the formula can be selected from Sc,
Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and combinations thereof, and the A
in the formula can be selected from Cd, Al, Gd, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn,
Pb, P, As, S, and combinations thereof.
The MAX phase solid 24 has good thermal stability and oxidation
resistance, but mainly serves in the composite material 22 to
provide vibrational energy attenuation. The MAX phase solid 24 can
exhibit ultrahigh, fully reversible non-linear elastic hysteresis
behavior during cyclic elastic deformation that contributes to the
high damping characteristics. The metallic material 26 serves to
enhace the mechanical strength, ductility and toughness and protect
the MAX phase solid 24 at the high temperatures and can be selected
to extend the thermal and oxidation resistance of the MAX phase
solid 24, as well as to provide corrosion resistance, creep
resistance, fatigue resistance, and strength at the high
temperatures. Thus, the composite material 22 is adapted for high
temperature vibration energy attenuation because of the good
damping characteristics of the MAX phase solid 24 at high
temperatures, and the good thermal resistance and other high
temperature properties of the metallic material 26. extends the
temperature range of the MAX phase solid 24 to even higher
temperatures. The MAX phase solid 24 and the metallic material 26
can therefore provide a synergistic effect.
In further examples, the MAX phase solid 24 can be selected
from:
Ti.sub.2CdC, Sc.sub.2InC, Ti.sub.2AlC, Ti.sub.2GaC, Ti.sub.2InC,
Ti.sub.2TlC, V.sub.2AlC, V.sub.2GaC, Cr.sub.2GaC, Ti.sub.2AlN,
Ti.sub.2GaN, Ti.sub.2InN, V.sub.2GaN, Cr.sub.2GaN, Ti.sub.2GeC,
Ti.sub.2SnC, Ti.sub.2PbC, V.sub.2GeC, Cr.sub.2Alc, Cr.sub.2GeC,
V.sub.2PC, V.sub.2AsC, Ti.sub.2SC, Zr.sub.2InC, Zr.sub.2TlC,
Nb.sub.2AlC, Nb.sub.2GaC, Nb.sub.2InC, Mo.sub.2GaC, Zr.sub.2InN,
Zr.sub.2TlN, Hf.sub.2InC, Hf.sub.2TlC, Ta.sub.2AlC, Ta.sub.2GaC,
Ti.sub.2GeC, Ti.sub.2SnC, Ti.sub.2PbC, V.sub.2GeC, Cr.sub.2AlC,
Cr.sub.2GeC, Zr.sub.2SnC, Zr.sub.2PbC, Nb.sub.2SnC, Hf.sub.2SnC,
Hf.sub.2PbC, Hf.sub.2SnN, V.sub.2PC, V.sub.2AsC, Nb.sub.2PC,
Nb.sub.2AsC, Ti.sub.2SC Zr.sub.2SC, Nb.sub.2SC, Hf.sub.2SC,
Ti.sub.3AlC.sub.2, V.sub.3AlC.sub.2, Ta.sub.3AlC.sub.2,
Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2, Ti.sub.3GeC.sub.2, Ti.sub.3SnC.sub.2,
Ti.sub.4AlN.sub.3, V.sub.4AlC.sub.3, Ti.sub.4GaC.sub.3,
Nb.sub.4AlC.sub.3, Ta.sub.4AlC.sub.3, Ti.sub.4SiC.sub.3,
Ti.sub.4GeC.sub.3, and combinations thereof, but is not limited to
these MAX phase solids.
In further examples of any of the aforementioned examples, the
metallic material 26 can be a metal or an alloy having a base metal
selected from Ti, Zr, Y, Sc, Be, Co, Fe, Ni, and combinations
thereof. In a further example, the metallic material 26 is MCrAlY,
which can also include MCrAlYX, where X includes an additional
alloying element or elements. The M in MCrAlY includes at least one
of Ni, Co, and Fe. In some examples the MAX phase solid 24 can
diffusion bond with the metallic material 26.
In further examples, for enhanced damping, the selected metallic
material 26 has a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystalline
structure, which can increase damping in comparison to body
centered cubic structures. In further examples, the selected
metallic material has a face centered cubic atomic crystalline
structure and the MAX phase solid 24 is selected from
Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2, Ti.sub.2AlC, and combinations thereof. For
example Ti.sub.3SiC.sub.2 and Ti.sub.2AlC can be resistant to
oxidation at temperatures up to at least 2400.degree. F.
The relative volumetric contents of the MAX phase solid 24 and the
metallic material 26 can be selected to control the properties of
the composite material 22 with regard to damping and other
requirements. For example, a relatively lower content of the
metallic material 26 and a relatively higher content of the MAX
phase solid 24 can be used to enhance or accentuate vibrational
damping. A relatively higher content of the metallic material 26
and a relatively lower amount of the MAX phase solid 24 can be used
to enhance or accentuate strength, corrosion resistance, creep
resistance, fatigue resistance, thermal resistance, and/or
oxidation resistance at the high use temperatures of the composite
material 22.
In further examples, the composite material 22 can be porous, as
illustrated in FIG. 2 with the pore 28. In one example, the article
20 has a porosity of 30%. The porosity may vary from as low as 0%
to as high as 80 volume % in what would be described as a MAXMET
foam. The selected porosity can further enhance the vibrational
damping characteristics of the composite material 22. For example,
increased porosity allows higher local deformation and buckling of
the MAX phase particles leading to higher kinking, which is the
dominant mechanism of damping in these solids. Without being bound,
there is evidence that in MAX phase solids exhibit a kink-based
phenomenon as opposed to one that is dependent on the volume of the
material. Therefore, porosity increases damping.
In further examples, the composite material 22 has a ratio, in
volume percent, of the metallic material 26 to the MAX phase solid
24. In one example, the ratio is from 30:70 to 95:5. In a further
example, the ratio is from 30:70 to 70:30. In one example, the
ratio of 30:70 to 70:30 may provide a desirable balance between
vibration damping and strength, corrosion resistance, creep
resistance, fatigue resistance, thermal resistance, and/or
oxidation resistance for use in turbomachinery, such as but not
limited to gas turbine engines. In further examples, the composite
material 22 can have a porosity of 0-80%.
The composite material 22 also provides a method of controlling or
tailoring vibrational damping. For example, the method can include
identifying a vibration characteristic of the article 20, and then
selecting the composition of the composite material 22 with respect
to the vibration characteristic. The identification of the
vibration characteristic can be conducted by computer analysis,
experiment, a combination thereof, or other known technique. In
some examples, the vibration characteristic can be a vibrational
mode and/or magnitude, and the composition of the MAX phase solid
24 is controlled, or selected, with regard to the volumetric
content of the MAX phase solid 24 to tailor the damping
characteristics according to the vibration characteristic of the
article 20.
The composite material 20 can be fabricated using any of various
processing techniques. In one example, a powder of the MAX phase
solid 24 can be compacted within a mold and then melt-infiltrated
with the metallic material 26. In another example, powders of the
MAX phase solid 24 and the metallic material 26 can be mixed and
hot pressed to form an article. In other alternatives, powders of
the MAX phase solid 24 and the metallic material 26 can be sprayed
onto a substrate, hot isostatic pressed, or pressureless-sintered.
In pressureless sintering, the metallic material 26 melts and
migrates to surround or substantially surround particles of the MAX
phase solid 24. However, the article does not substantially shrink
during migration of the metallic material 26 and pores form, such
as pore 28.
Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated
examples, not all of them need to be combined to realize the
benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words,
a system designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure
will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one
of the Figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the
Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may
be combined with selected features of other example
embodiments.
The preceding description is exemplary rather than limiting in
nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosed examples may
become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not necessarily
depart from the essence of this disclosure. The scope of legal
protection given to this disclosure can only be determined by
studying the following claims.
* * * * *
References