U.S. patent number 10,954,458 [Application Number 15/999,352] was granted by the patent office on 2021-03-23 for composition and method for dispersing scales and solid deposits.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited. The grantee listed for this patent is Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited. Invention is credited to Venkateswarlu Cheerladinne, Nettem Venkateswarlu Choudary, Sriganesh Gandham, Kanuparthy Naga Raja, Peddy Venkata Chalapathi Rao.
United States Patent |
10,954,458 |
Raja , et al. |
March 23, 2021 |
Composition and method for dispersing scales and solid deposits
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a composition for removing
scales and solid deposits. The composition comprises at least one
dispersant salt, at least one hydrocarbon, and at least one ionic
liquid.
Inventors: |
Raja; Kanuparthy Naga
(Bangalore, IN), Cheerladinne; Venkateswarlu
(Bangalore, IN), Rao; Peddy Venkata Chalapathi
(Bangalore, IN), Choudary; Nettem Venkateswarlu
(Bangalore, IN), Gandham; Sriganesh (Bangalore,
IN) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited |
Mumbai |
N/A |
IN |
|
|
Assignee: |
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation
Limited (Mumbai, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005438567 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/999,352 |
Filed: |
February 26, 2016 |
PCT
Filed: |
February 26, 2016 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/IB2016/051063 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
August 17, 2018 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2017/141077 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
August 24, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20190078030 A1 |
Mar 14, 2019 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Feb 17, 2016 [IN] |
|
|
201621005575 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10G
75/04 (20130101); C10G 75/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C10G
75/02 (20060101); C10G 75/04 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007106943 |
|
Sep 2007 |
|
WO |
|
2011002745 |
|
Jan 2011 |
|
WO |
|
2011090610 |
|
Jul 2011 |
|
WO |
|
Other References
Swapnil A. Dharaskar et al "Synthesis, characterization, and
application of novel trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium bis
(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate for extractive desulfurization
of liquid fuel" J. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 123, pp. 1-10,
Jul. 2014. Abstract. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Boyer; Randy
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sand, Sebolt & Wernow Co.,
LPA
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A dispersant composition for removing scales and solid deposits
from a location selected from at least one of the inner walls of a
reactor, the inner walls of pipelines, the inner walls of heat
exchangers, valves and a catalyst bed, said composition comprising:
at least one dispersant salt in the range of 2 wt % to 60 wt %; at
least one hydrocarbon in the range of 40 wt % to 85 wt %; said
hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to
C.sub.50 carbon atom(s); and at least one additive in the range of
0.1 wt % to 45 wt %; said additive is selected from the group of
ionic liquids; wherein said at least one dispersant salt is
selected from a group consisting of linear alkyl benzene sulfonated
isopropyl ammonium salt, dodecyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt, and oleic acid isopropyl ammonium salt.
2. The dispersant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said
additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,
tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
hexafluorophosphate and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate.
3. The dispersant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said
scales and solid deposits comprise at least one organic and/or
inorganic deposits selected from sand, grits, iron sulfide
particles and organic gums.
4. A method for preparing the dispersant composition as claimed in
claim 1, wherein said method comprises the following steps: a)
preparing a dispersant salt by: cooling an acid to a first
pre-determined temperature to obtain a cooled acid; cooling a base
to a second pre-determined temperature to obtain a cooled base;
adding said cooled base to said cooled acid at a pre-determined
rate while stirring at a pre-determined speed, at a third
pre-determined temperature, and for a pre-determined time period to
obtain said dispersant salt; b) adding at least one hydrocarbon to
at least one dispersant salt at a fourth pre-determined temperature
followed by adding at least one additive to obtain said dispersant
composition.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said acid is at least
one selected from the group consisting of alkyl aryl sulfonic acid,
lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid,
palmitic acid, citric acid, and uric acid.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said base is at least
one selected from the group consisting of ethylamine,
isopropylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, pyridine,
pyrrolidine imidazole, piperidine, benzimidazole, pyrazine, alkyl
pyrazine and morpholine.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said: first
pre-determined temperature is in the range of -15.degree. C. to
25.degree. C.; second pre-determined temperature is in the range of
-10.degree. C. to 25.degree. C.; third pre-determined temperature
is in the range of -10.degree. C. to 25.degree. C.; and fourth
pre-determined temperature is in the range of 10.degree. C. to
45.degree. C.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said: pre-determined
rate is in the range of 1 ml/min to 100 ml/min; pre-determined
speed is in the range of 500 rpm to 1000 rpm; and pre-determined
time period is in the range of 2 hours to 8 hours.
9. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of
said cooled acid and said cooled base is 1:1.
Description
FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a composition and a method for
dispersing scales and solid deposits
BACKGROUND
Hydrocarbons such as crude oil, tar sands, bitumen, tight oil,
refined petroleum fractions, and the like contain metals, sand
grits, and gum forming compounds. When such hydrocarbon streams are
handled in the process industry, most often the corrosive products
formed on the inner surface of the process equipments get carried
along with the hydrocarbon streams. In addition, organic gum is
formed inside the process equipments due to the characteristics of
the compounds present in the hydrocarbons. These lead to deposition
of organic and inorganic solids in the process equipments such as
on the inner walls of heat exchangers, pipelines, pumps, reactors,
catalyst bed, valves, etc. The presence of such solid deposits
perturbs the operation of the plant. Such solid deposits can block
the flow of process streams in the equipments and lead to pressure
drop increase, reduce the heat transfer between surfaces, foul the
catalyst bed, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the catalyst
bed, corrosion of inner walls of equipments and scale formation on
the surface, leading to frequent maintenance. Continuous operation
of the plant becomes a challenge if the solid deposits are more and
hence lead to non-uniform flow distribution and fluctuations in the
key parameters of the operation.
Such solid deposits can be removed from the process equipment
internals by forced shut down of the plant and manually scavenging
the deposits. This is a time consuming process and leads to loss of
production. The solid deposits, however, can be disentangled from
their location and kept either freely suspended in the process
stream or removed along with the process stream. This can be done
during an online plant operation by using a dispersant
chemical.
I heretore, the inventors of the present disclosure envisage a
dispersant composition and a method of using the dispersant
composition to remove scales and solid deposits in a process
industry.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one
embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more
problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful
alternative.
An object of the present disclosure is to remove scales and solid
deposits from process equipments.
Another object of the present disclosure is to remove solid
deposits from a catalyst bed.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more
apparent from the following description, which is not intended to
limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a composition for removing scales
and solid deposits from a location selected from at least one of
the inner walls of a reactor, the inner walls of pipelines, the
inner walls of heat exchangers, valves, and catalyst bed. The
composition comprises 2 wt % to 60 wt % of at least one dispersant
salt, 40 wt % to 85 wt % of at least one hydrocarbon and 0.1 wt %
to 45 wt % of at least one additive.
The hydrocarbon can be at least one selected from the group
consisting of hydrocarbons with the carbon number range of C.sub.5
to C.sub.50.
The present disclosure also relates to the method by which the
scales and solid deposits can be removed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
A composition for removal of solid deposits will now be described
with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a trickling bed system in accordance with the
present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In hydroprocessing units, the corrosive products from upstream of
the reactor, inorganic materials such as sand grits, and other gum
forming compounds create solid deposits on the catalyst bed inside
the reactor. The present disclosure, therefore, provides a
composition for removal of solid deposits from a location, wherein
the location is not limited to the inner walls of a reactor, the
inner walls of pipelines, the inner walls of heat exchangers,
valves and a catalyst bed.
The composition of the present disclosure comprises at least one
dispersant salt, at least one hydrocarbon, and at least one
additive. The dispersant salt includes, but is not limited to,
ammonium salt.
The hydrocarbon includes, but is not limited to, C.sub.5 to
C.sub.50 carbon atoms per molecule. In accordance with one
embodiment of the present disclosure, the hydrocarbon can be at
least one selected from the group consisting of naphtha, gasoline,
diesel, kerosene, benzene, xylene, mesitylene, and toluene.
The additive includes, but is not limited to ionic liquids. In
accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, ionic
liquid can be at least one selected from the group consisting of
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,
Tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium
hexafluorophosphate and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate.
Solids, such as, iron sulfide deposited in the reactor and on the
catalyst bed during hydroprocessing of the crude oil fractions,
result in fouling of the reactor and the catalyst bed as described
herein above. Moreover, depending upon the porosity of the solids
deposited in the reactor and on the catalyst bed, the flow-rates of
the reactants entering in the reactor are affected, thereby
increasing the pressure drop in the reactor.
The addition of the dispersant composition in the feed stream
facilitates in improving the separation of solids from the
deposited area (location), thereby inhibiting settling, and
clumping of the solids in the reactor and on the catalyst bed. Due
to this, fouling of the reactor and the catalyst bed is inhibited
and hence the flow rate of the process fluid is increased across
the catalyst bed.
Moreover, if a portion of the deposited solids is carried along
with the hydrocarbon in different process equipments like heat
exchangers, valves and pipelines, and is deposited therein, then
the composition of the present disclosure facilitates in removing
the deposited solids therefrom.
The composition of the present disclosure can be used for the
removal of solids from a location which can be at least one of the
inner walls of heat exchangers, the inner walls of pipelines, the
inner walls of a reactor, catalyst bed, and valves. The present
disclosure provides a method of removing the solid deposits from
the location.
The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the
dispersant salt. The method is carried out by the following
steps:
In the first step, an acid is cooled to a first pre-determined
temperature to obtain a cooled acid. In the second step, a base is
cooled to a second pre-determined temperature to obtain a cooled
base. In the third step, the cooled base is added to the cooled
acid at a pre-determined rate while stirring at a pre-determined
speed, at a third pre-determined temperature and for a
pre-determined time period to obtain the dispersant salt. In
accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
cooled base can also be added to the cooled acid in a drop wise
manner.
The first pre-determined temperature can be in the range of
-15.degree. C. to 25.degree. C. and the second pre-determined
temperature can be in the range of -10.degree. C. to 25.degree. C.
The pre-determined rate of addition can be in the range of 1 ml/min
to 100 ml/min, the pre-determined stirring speed can be in the
range of 500 rpm to 1000 rpm, the third pre-determined temperature
can be in the range of -10.degree. C. to 25.degree. C., and the
pre-determined time period can be in the range of 2 hours to 8
hours.
After formation of the dispersant salt, stirring is continued
further in the reactor, for a time period in the range of 2 hours
to 4 hours, to ensure completion of the reaction. The acid can be
at least one selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl
benzene sulfonic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oleic
acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, citric acid, and uric acid.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
purity of the organic acid used in the process for preparing the
dispersants ranges from 85% to 99%.
The base includes, but is not limited to, an organic compound
containing nitrogen. The base can be at least one selected from the
group consisting of ethylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine,
pentylamine, hexylamine, pyridine, pyrrolidine imidazole,
piperidine, benzimidazole, pyrazine, alkyl pyrazine, and
morpholine. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, isopropyl amine (IPA) is added to Linear Alkyl
Benzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA) to obtain a linear alkylbenzene
sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt. In accordance with another
exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Isopropyl Amine
(IPA) is added to Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (DDBSA) to obtain a
dodecyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt.
In accordance with still another exemplary embodiment of the
present disclosure, isopropyl amine (IPA) is added to oleic acid to
obtain oleic acid isopropyl ammonium salt.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, at
least one inorganic acid can be used for preparing the dispersant
salt. The inorganic acid can be at least one selected from the
group consisting of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and carbonic acid.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
concentration of the inorganic acid can be in the range of 0.2 wt %
to 6 wt % of the total composition.
Further, a mixture of dispersant salts can be added to the
hydrocarbon at a fourth predetermined temperature to obtain the
composition for removal of solid deposits. The fourth predetermined
temperature can be in the range of 10.degree. C. to 45.degree. C.
After addition of the dispersant salt in the hydrocarbon, the
additive can be added to obtain the final composition for removal
of solid deposits effectively.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a
mixture of dodecyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt and
oleic acid-isopropyl ammonium salt can be added in 1:1 molar ratio
in the hydrocarbon and 1 wt % of tributylmethylammonium methyl
sulfate is added to obtain the dispersant composition, for
effectively removing solid deposits from the reactor, thereby
obviating fouling of the reactor and the catalyst bed.
The present disclosure also provides a method for removing solid
deposits from the location. The method is carried out by mixing a
pre-determined concentration of the dispersant composition in the
process stream at a temperature in the range of 15.degree. C. to
460.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range of 1 bar to 200 bar.
The dispersant composition is allowed to contact the location,
thereby dispersing and reducing the solid deposits therefrom.
The pre-determined concentration of the dispersant salt can be in
the range of 2 wt % to 60 wt % of the total composition. The
pre-determined concentration of the hydrocarbon can be in the range
of 40 wt % to 85 wt % of the total composition. The pre-determined
concentration of the additive can be in the range of 0.1 wt % to 45
wt % of the total composition.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the
following experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose
only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the
disclosure. The following experiments can be scaled up to
industrial/commercial scale.
Experiment 1: Preparation of Dispersant Salt:
A. Method for the Preparation of Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonated
Isopropyl Ammonium Salt (99.9%).
1 mmol of DDBSA of 99.9% purity was added and cooled to 15.degree.
C. in a first round bottom flask, which was kept in an ice bath, to
form a cooled DDBSA. 1 mmol of IPA was added and cooled to
10.degree. C. in a second round bottom flask, which was kept in an
ice bath, to form a cooled IPA. The cooled IPA was then added at a
flow rate of 3 ml/min to the first round bottom flask in a
drop-wise manner. The reaction between the cooled DDBSA and the
cooled IPA was carried out at 15.degree. C. with constant stirring
for 2 hours to obtain the dodecyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt (99.9%). The reaction temperature was maintained
below 20.degree. C. to avoid loss of IPA. After formation of the
dodecyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt (99.9%),
stirring was continued in the first round bottom flask for 4 hours
at room temperature to ensure the completion of the reaction.
B. Method for the Preparation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated
Isopropyl Ammonium Salt (90%).
1 mmol of LABSA of 90% purity was added and cooled to 15.degree. C.
in a first round bottom flask, which was kept in an ice bath, to
form a cooled LABSA. 1 mmol of IPA was added and cooled to
20.degree. C. in a second round bottom flask, which was kept in an
ice bath, to form a cooled IPA. The cooled IPA was then added at a
flow rate of 3 ml/min to the first round bottom flask containing
cooled LABSA in a drop-wise manner. The reaction between the cooled
LABSA and the cooled IPA was carried out at 15.degree. C. under
stirring for 2 hours to obtain the linear alkyl benzene sulfonated
isopropyl ammonium salt (90%). The reaction temperature was
maintained below 20.degree. C. to avoid loss of IPA. After
formation of the linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium
salt (90%), stirring was continued in the first round bottom flask
for 4 hours at room temperature to ensure completion of the
reaction.
C. Method for the Preparation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated
Isopropyl Ammonium Salt (96%).
1 mmol of LABSA of 96% purity was added and cooled to 15.degree. C.
in a first round bottom flask, which was kept in an ice bath, to
form a cooled LABSA. 1 mmol of IPA was added and cooled to
20.degree. C. in a second round bottom flask, which was kept in an
ice bath, to form a cooled IPA. The cooled IPA was then added at a
flow rate of 3 ml/min to the first round bottom flask in a
drop-wise manner. The reaction between the cooled LABSA and the
cooled IPA was carried out at 15.degree. C. under stirring for 2
hours to obtain the linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt (96%). The reaction temperature was maintained below
20.degree. C. to avoid loss of IPA. After formation of the linear
alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt (96%), stirring
was continued in the first round bottom flask for 4 hours at room
temperature to ensure completion of the reaction.
D. Method for the Preparation of Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt
(65%).
1 mmol of oleic acid of 65% purity was added and cooled to
25.degree. C. in a first round bottom flask, which was kept in an
ice bath, to form a cooled oleic acid. 1.5 mmol of IPA was added
and cooled to 10.degree. C. in a second round bottom flask, which
was kept in an ice bath, to form a cooled IPA. The cooled IPA was
then added at a flow rate of 3 ml/min to the first round bottom
flask in a drop-wise manner. The reaction between the cooled oleic
acid and the cooled IPA was carried out at 15.degree. C. under
stirring for 2 hours to obtain the oleic acid sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt (65%). The reaction temperature was maintained below
20.degree. C. to avoid loss of IPA. After formation of the linear
alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt (65%), stirring
was continued in the first round bottom flask for 4 hours at room
temperature to ensure completion of the reaction.
E. Method for the Preparation of Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt
(99%).
1 mmol of oleic acid of 99% purity was added and cooled to
25.degree. C. in a first round bottom flask, which was kept in an
ice bath, to form a cooled oleic acid. 1.5 mmol of IPA was added
and cooled to 10.degree. C. in a second round bottom flask, which
was kept in an ice bath, to form a cooled IPA. The cooled IPA was
then added at a flow rate of 3 ml/min to the first round bottom
flask in a drop-wise manner. The reaction between the cooled oleic
acid and the cooled IPA was carried out at 15.degree. C. under
stirring for 2 hours to obtain the oleic acid sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt (99%). The reaction temperature was maintained below
20.degree. C. to avoid loss of IPA. After formation of the linear
alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt (99%), stirring
was continued in the first round bottom flask for 4 hours at room
temperature to ensure completion of the reaction.
Experiment 2: Preparation of Dispersant Composition in Accordance
with the Present Disclosure:
F. Method for the Preparation of a Dispersant Composition of Linear
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated Isopropyl Ammonium Salt (96%) and
Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate.
30 gm of linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt
obtained in experiment 1(C) was mixed with 70 gm of diesel. To the
so obtained solution 4.17 gm of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (ionic liquid) was added under
stirring. The stirring of the mixture was continued till the
complete mixture becomes a homogeneous solution. The so obtained
homogenous solution was 104.17 gm which was used as the composition
for dispersing and removing solid deposits
G. Method for the Preparation of a Dispersant Composition
Containing a Mixture of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated Isopropyl
Ammonium Salt (96%) and the Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt with
Ionic Liquid.
15 gm of mixture of linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl
ammonium salt (96%) obtained in experiment 1(C) and 15 gm of oleic
acid-isopropyl ammonium salt obtained experiment 1(D) was mixed
with 70 gm of diesel. To the so obtained solution 1.01 gm of
tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate (ionic liquid) was added
under stirring. The stirring of the mixture was continued till the
complete mixture becomes a homogeneous solution. The so obtained
homogenous solution was 101.01 gm which was used as the composition
for dispersing and removing solid deposits
H. Method for the Preparation of a Dispersant Composition
Containing a Mixture of Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonated-Isopropyl
Ammonium Salt and Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt with Ionic
Liquid.
15 gm of dodecyl benzene sulfonated-isopropyl ammonium salt (99.9%)
obtained in experiment 1(A) and 15 gm of oleic acid-isopropyl
ammonium salt obtained in experiment 1(E) was mixed with 70 gm of
diesel. To the so obtained solution 4.17 gm of
tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate (ionic liquid) was added
under stirring. The stirring of the mixture was continued till the
complete mixture becomes a homogeneous solution. The so obtained
homogenous solution was 104.17 gm which was used as the composition
for dispersing and removing solid deposits
I. Method for the Preparation of a Dispersant Composition
Containing Mixture of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated Isopropyl
Ammonium Salt (96%) and Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt with
Ionic Liquid.
15 gm of linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt
(96%) obtained in experiment 1(C) and 15 gm of oleic acid-isopropyl
ammonium salt obtained in experiment 1(E) was mixed with 70 gm of
diesel. To the so obtained solution 4.17 gm of
tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate (ionic liquid) was added
under stirring. The stirring of the mixture was continued till the
complete mixture becomes a homogeneous solution. The so obtained
homogenous solution was 104.17 gm which was used as the composition
for dispersing and removing solid deposits.
J. Method for the Preparation of a Dispersant Composition
Containing Mixture of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonated Isopropyl
Ammonium Salt (96%) and Oleic Acid-Isopropyl Ammonium Salt with
Ionic Liquid.
15 gm of linear alkyl benzene sulfonated isopropyl ammonium salt
(96%) obtained in experiment 1 (C) and 15 gm of oleic
acid-isopropyl ammonium salt obtained in experiment 1 (E) was mixed
with 70 gm of diesel. To the so obtained solution 4.17 gm of
trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate
(ionic liquid) was added under stirring. The stirring of the
mixture was continued till the complete mixture becomes a
homogeneous solution. The so obtained homogenous solution was
104.17 gm which was used as the composition for dispersing and
removing solid deposits.
Experiment 3: Evaluation of the Performance of the Dispersant
Composition
The performance of the dispersant composition prepared in
experiment 2 containing the ammonium salt prepared in experiment 1
was evaluated by studying the flow-rate of Mineral Turpentine Oil
(MTO) containing the dispersant formulation in a fixed bed covered
with a scale of iron sulphide.
Test Apparatus and Methodology of Evaluation:
As shown in FIG. 1, the trickling bed system (100) includes: a set
of columns (B1 and B2) connected with a tubing arrangement (T) to
make a U-Tube configuration; and a packed bed
The U-tube configuration was used for studying the effectiveness of
the sample compositions (tabulated in Table-1). One of the columns
(B1) was filled with different layers of solids (1 to 6), viz., a
layer of sand grits (1), a layer of alumina balls (2 and 4), a
layer of glass wool (3), a layer of silicon carbide (5) and a layer
of iron sulfide (6), to form the packed bed reactor. Particularly,
the layer of iron sulfide (6) was placed on the layer of silicon
carbide (5).
This type of packing was repeated over several beds depending upon
the density, viscosity and other physical properties of the samples
(tabulated in Table-1) to be tested in the experiment. The size of
the alumina balls (2 and 4) in the packed bed reactor can be varied
depending upon the sample(s) (tabulated in Table-1) to be tested in
the experiment. The length of the tubing (T) between the set of
columns (B1 and B2) depends upon the density, viscosity and other
physical properties of the samples (tabulated in Table-1) to be
tested in the experiment.
The column (B1) (as shown in FIG. 1) was filled in such a way that
the sample to be tested does not overflow from the column (B2),
during the experiment. The time required by the sample to disperse
the layer of iron sulfide (6) and trickle down the packed bed
reactor was recorded, to measure the trickling rate.
In this experiment, the sample to be tested was dosed in MTO at a
concentration of 0.2 wt %. The experiment was repeated for all the
samples tabulated in Table-1. The trickling rate of various sample
composition are tabulated in Table-1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sr. Trickling rate No Composition of the
Samples (ml/min) 1 Control-No dispersant added to the test sample-
15.96 (Test sample is MTO) 2 LABSA isopropylamine salt (95%) in
diesel with 37.24 1% IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoro-
borate 3 LABSA isopropylamine salt (95%) in diesel with 43.03 IL 4%
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoro- borate 4 LABSA
isopropylamine salt (96%) mixed with 22.28 Diesel and 4% IL
(Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexa- fluorophosphate) 5 LABSA
isopropylamine salt (96%) mixed with 25.12 Diesel and 4% IL
{Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate} 6 LABSA isopropylamine salt
(96%) mixed with 28.30 Diesel and 4% IL (Tributylmethylammonium
methyl sulfate) 7 Oleic Acid isopropylamine salt mixed with Diesel
21.83 and 4% IL (Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluoro- phosphate) 8
Oleic Acid isopropylamine salt mixed with Diesel 29.78 and 4% IL
{Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4trimethylpentyl)phosphinate} 9 Oleic Acid isopropylamine
salt mixed with Diesel 25.12 and 4% IL (Tributylmethylammonium
methyl sulfate)
From Table-1, it is observed that the trickling rate of MTO
improves with the addition of varying amounts of the dispersant
composition, as compared to the trickling rate without the addition
of the dispersant composition.
Technical Advances and Economical Significance
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical
advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a
composition that: reduces the pressure drop across the reactor and
the catalyst bed; increases the catalytic activity of the catalyst
by reducing the fouling of catalyst; increases the throughput, by
removing organic and inorganic scales and solid deposits, such as
iron sulfide, gums, etc. efficiently from the reactor and the
catalyst bed; and requires less time for removing the solid
deposits
The disclosure has been described with reference to the
accompanying embodiments which do not limit the scope and ambit of
the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of
example and illustration.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous
details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting
embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of
well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as
to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully
revealed the general nature of the embodiments herein that others
can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for
various applications such specific embodiments without departing
from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and
modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the
meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It
is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed
herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in
terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will
recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with
modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as
described herein.
Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations
such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply
the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of
elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other
element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or
steps.
The use of the expression "at least" or "at least one" suggests the
use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the
use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or
more of the desired objects or results.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or
the like that has been included in this specification is solely for
the purpose of providing a context for the invention. It is not to
be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part
of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field
relevant to the invention as it existed anywhere before the
priority date of this application.
In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles
of the present invention can be applied, it should be understood
that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only. While
considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular
features of this invention, it will be appreciated that various
modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the
preferred embodiments without departing from the principle of the
invention. These and other modifications in the nature of the
invention or the preferred embodiments will be apparent to those
skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be
distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to
be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a
limitation.
* * * * *