U.S. patent number 10,938,928 [Application Number 16/532,015] was granted by the patent office on 2021-03-02 for adjusting prominence of a participant profile in a social networking interface.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Airbnb, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is Airbnb, Inc.. Invention is credited to Corville O. Allen, Bernadette A. Carter.
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United States Patent |
10,938,928 |
Allen , et al. |
March 2, 2021 |
Adjusting prominence of a participant profile in a social
networking interface
Abstract
An approach is described for adjusting prominence of a
participant profile in a social networking interface. An associated
method may include receiving an activity stream update of the
participant and calculating a relevancy score based on content in
the activity stream update. The method further may include
adjusting a visibility level of the participant profile in the
social networking interface based upon the calculated relevancy
score. Adjusting the visibility level may include increasing the
visibility level of the participant profile upon determining that
the calculated relevancy score is greater than or equal to a first
predefined threshold value. Adjusting the visibility level further
may include decreasing the visibility level of the participant
profile upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is
less than a second predefined threshold value.
Inventors: |
Allen; Corville O.
(Morrisville, NC), Carter; Bernadette A. (Raleigh, NC) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Airbnb, Inc. |
San Francisco |
CA |
US |
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Assignee: |
Airbnb, Inc. (San Francisco,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005397035 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/532,015 |
Filed: |
August 5, 2019 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20190364119 A1 |
Nov 28, 2019 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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15650601 |
Jul 14, 2017 |
10425493 |
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14556080 |
Aug 29, 2017 |
9749433 |
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14161681 |
Aug 29, 2017 |
9749432 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q
50/01 (20130101); G06F 16/9535 (20190101); H04L
67/306 (20130101); G06T 11/001 (20130101); H04L
67/22 (20130101); G06Q 10/10 (20130101); G06F
40/221 (20200101); H04L 29/08 (20130101); G06F
16/00 (20190101); H04N 2201/325 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04L
29/08 (20060101); G06Q 10/10 (20120101); G06T
11/00 (20060101); G06Q 50/00 (20120101); G06F
40/221 (20200101); G06F 16/9535 (20190101); G06F
16/00 (20190101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
McCord, M.C. et al. Deep parsing in Watson. IBM J. Res. & Dev.
vol. 56 No. 3/4 Paper 3 May/Jul. 2012. pp. 3:1-3:15. International
Business Machines Corporation, Yorktown Heights, NY. cited by
applicant .
Guy, Ido et al. Personalized Activity Streams: Sifting through the
"River of News". RecSys '11 Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference
on Recommender systems, Oct. 23-27, 2011, Chicago, IL. pp. 181-188.
ACM, New York, NY. cited by applicant .
Guy, Ido et al. Swimming against the Streamz: Search and Analytics
over the Enterprise Activity Stream. CIKM2012: The 21st ACM
International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
2012, Oct. 29-Nov. 2, 2012, Maui, HI. pp. 1587-1591. ACM, New York,
NY. cited by applicant .
Guy, Ido et al. Finger on the Pulse: The Value of the Activity
Stream in the Enterprise. Human-Computer Interaction--Interact
2013, 14th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Cape Town, South
Africa, Sep. 2-6, 2013, Proceedings, Part IV. pp. 411-428. Springer
Berlin Heidelberg. cited by applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Edwards; James A
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schwegman Lundberg & Woessner,
P.A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A computer program product for adjusting prominence of a profile
of a participant among a plurality of participants in a social
networking interface of a client, the computer program product
comprising a computer readable storage medium having program
instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions
executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
receive an activity stream update of the participant; calculate a
relevancy score based on content in the activity stream update of
the participant, wherein calculating the relevancy score comprises:
initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline value,
facilitating parsing of language in the activity stream update of
the participant to determine one or more terms associated with the
activity stream update of the participant, facilitating parsing of
language associated with the client to determine one or more terms
associated with the client, and adjusting the relevancy score by
iteratively comparing each of the one or more terms associated with
the activity stream update of the participant with each of the one
or more terms associated with the client and by increasing the
relevancy score by a predefined amount upon determining a
relationship between a term among the one or more terms associated
with the activity stream update of the participant and a term among
the one or more terms associated with the client; and adjust a
visibility level of the profile of the participant in the social
networking interface based upon the calculated relevancy score.
2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
increasing the visibility level of the profile of the participant
upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is greater
than or equal to a first predefined threshold value.
3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant further
comprises decreasing the visibility level of the profile of the
participant upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is
less than a second predefined threshold value.
4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of a thumbnail image of the
participant.
5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the thumbnail image of the participant
comprises adjusting size of the thumbnail image to a predefined
size different from a current predefined size.
6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of attributes of a border around a
thumbnail image of the participant.
7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of attributes of the border around the thumbnail
image of the participant comprises adjusting degree of border color
intensity.
8. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of attributes of the border around the thumbnail
image of the participant comprises adjusting border size.
9. A computer program product for adjusting prominence of a profile
of a participant among a plurality of participants in a social
networking interface of a client, the computer program product
comprising a computer readable storage medium having program
instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions
executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
receive an activity stream update of the participant; calculate a
relevancy score based on content in the activity stream update of
the participant, wherein calculating the relevancy score comprises:
initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline value;
determining one or more content types associated with the activity
stream update of the participant; determining one or more content
types associated with the client; and adjusting the relevancy score
by iteratively comparing the one or more content types associated
with the activity stream update of the participant and the one or
more content types associated with the client and by increasing the
relevancy score by a predefined amount upon determining a match
between a content type among the one or more content types
associated with the activity stream update of the participant and a
content type among the one or more content types associated with
the client; and adjust a visibility level of the profile of the
participant in the social networking interface based upon the
calculated relevancy score.
10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
increasing the visibility level of the profile of the participant
upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is greater
than or equal to a first predefined threshold value.
11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant further
comprises decreasing the visibility level of the profile of the
participant upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is
less than a second predefined threshold value.
12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of a thumbnail image of the
participant.
13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the thumbnail image of the participant
comprises adjusting size of the thumbnail image to a predefined
size different from a current predefined size.
14. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of attributes of a border around a
thumbnail image of the participant.
15. A computer program product for adjusting prominence of a
profile of a participant among a plurality of participants in a
social networking interface of a client, the computer program
product comprising a computer readable storage medium having
program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions
executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
receive an activity stream update of the participant; calculate a
relevancy score based on content in the activity stream update of
the participant, wherein calculating the relevancy score comprises:
initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline value;
facilitating parsing of language in the activity stream update of
the participant to determine one or more actionable tasks
associated with the activity stream update of the participant;
facilitating parsing of language associated with the client to
determine one or more actionable tasks associated with the client;
and adjusting the relevancy score by iteratively comparing the one
or more actionable tasks associated with the activity stream update
of the participant and the one or more actionable tasks associated
with the client; adjust a visibility level of the profile of the
participant in the social networking interface based upon the
calculated relevancy score; and upon determining that the
calculated relevancy score exceeds an actionable task threshold
value, include natural language of the activity stream update of
the participant in a caption adjacent to a thumbnail image included
in the profile of the participant.
16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
increasing the visibility level of the profile of the participant
upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is greater
than or equal to a first predefined threshold value.
17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant further
comprises decreasing the visibility level of the profile of the
participant upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is
less than a second predefined threshold value.
18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of the thumbnail image.
19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the thumbnail image comprises adjusting size of
the thumbnail image to a predefined size different from a current
predefined size.
20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein adjusting the
visibility level of the profile of the participant comprises
adjusting a visibility level of attributes of a border around the
thumbnail image.
Description
BACKGROUND
The various embodiments described herein generally relate to social
networking applications. More specifically, the various embodiments
describe techniques of adjusting prominence of a participant
profile in a social networking interface.
Social networking applications often include large networks of
participants. For instance, numerous participants may post activity
updates in one or more activity streams of a social network. A
client social networking interface may include a participant
identification section having a profile for each of a group of
participants interacting with the client. The profile for each
participant may include one or more identifiers, such as a
thumbnail image. While activity updates of certain participants may
be of particular interest to the client, the social networking
interface may display participant profiles based primarily on
timing or frequency of activity stream updates rather than the
relevancy of such updates with respect to the client.
Accordingly, depending on the activity of the various participants,
the social networking interface may prominently display profiles of
participants for which the client has relatively little interest,
especially if such participants have posted recently or post often.
Furthermore, the social networking interface may obscure profiles
and updates of participants for which the client has particular
interest, especially if such participants have not posted recently
or post rarely. Consequently, visibility levels of participant
profiles in the social network interface may not be consistent with
client needs or preferences.
SUMMARY
The various embodiments of the invention provide techniques for
adjusting participant prominence in a social networking
application. One embodiment includes a method of adjusting
prominence of a profile of a participant among a plurality of
participants in a social networking interface of a client. The
method may include receiving an activity stream update of the
participant and calculating a relevancy score based on content in
the activity stream update of the participant. The method further
may include adjusting a visibility level of the profile of the
participant in the social networking interface based upon the
calculated relevancy score.
In an embodiment, adjusting the visibility level of the profile of
the participant may include increasing the visibility level of the
profile of the participant upon determining that the calculated
relevancy score is greater than or equal to a first predefined
threshold value. Furthermore, adjusting the visibility level of the
profile of the participant may include decreasing the visibility
level of the profile of the participant upon determining that
calculated relevancy score is less than a second predefined
threshold value. Increasing the visibility level of the profile of
the participant may include at least one of increasing size of a
thumbnail image of the participant in the social networking
interface, increasing degree of color intensity of a border around
the thumbnail image of the participant, and increasing size of the
border around the thumbnail image of the participant. Conversely,
decreasing the visibility level of the profile of the participant
may include at least one of decreasing size of the thumbnail image
of the participant, decreasing degree of color intensity of the
border around the thumbnail image of the participant, and
decreasing size of the border around the thumbnail image of the
participant. Furthermore, the second predefined threshold value may
be equal to the first predefined threshold value.
In an embodiment, calculating the relevancy score may include
initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline value,
facilitating parsing of language in the activity stream update of
the participant to determine one or more terms associated with the
activity stream update of the participant, facilitating parsing of
language associated with the client to determine one or more terms
associated with the client, and adjusting the relevancy score by
iteratively comparing the one or more terms associated with the
activity stream update of the participant and the one or more terms
associated with the client.
According to such embodiment, adjusting the relevancy score may
include increasing the relevancy score by a first predefined amount
upon determining a direct match relationship between a term among
the one or more terms associated with the activity stream update of
the participant and a term among the one or more terms associated
with the client. Moreover, adjusting the relevancy score may
include increasing the relevancy score by a second predefined
amount upon determining a synonymous relationship between a term
among the one or more terms associated with the activity stream
update of the participant and a term among the one or more terms
associated with the client. The second predefined amount may be
less than the first predefined amount. Furthermore, adjusting the
relevancy score may include increasing the relevancy score by a
third amount upon determining an ontological relationship between a
term among the one or more terms associated with the activity
stream update of the participant and a term among the one or more
terms associated with the client. The third amount may be less than
the second predefined amount, and magnitude of the third amount may
be determined via ontological analysis. Optionally, adjusting the
relevancy score may include decreasing the relevancy score by a
fourth predefined amount upon determining no relationship between a
term among the one or more terms associated with the activity
stream update of the participant and a term among the one or more
terms associated with the client, and upon further determining that
the participant has posted a threshold number of activity stream
updates within a predefined duration of time.
In a further embodiment, calculating the relevancy score may
include initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline
value, determining one or more content types associated with the
activity stream update of the participant, determining one or more
content types associated with the client, and adjusting the
relevancy score by iteratively comparing the one or more content
types associated with the activity stream update of the participant
and the one or more content types associated with the client.
According to such embodiment, adjusting the relevancy score may
include increasing the relevancy score by a predefined amount upon
determining a match between a content type among the one or more
content types associated with the activity stream update of the
participant and a content type among the one or more content types
associated with the client.
In a further embodiment, calculating the relevancy score may
include initializing the relevancy score with a predefined baseline
value, facilitating parsing of language in the activity stream
update of the participant to determine one or more actionable tasks
associated with the activity stream update of the participant,
facilitating parsing of language associated with the client to
determine one or more actionable tasks associated with the client,
and adjusting the relevancy score by iteratively comparing the one
or more actionable tasks associated with the activity stream update
of the participant and the one or more actionable tasks associated
with the client. According to such embodiment, the method further
may include including natural language of the activity stream
update of the participant in a caption adjacent to the thumbnail
image of the participant in the social networking interface upon
determining that the relevancy score exceeds an actionable task
threshold value.
An additional embodiment includes a computer program product
including a computer readable storage medium having program
instructions embodied therewith, wherein the program instructions
may be executable by a computing device to cause the computing
device to perform one or more steps of above recited method. A
further embodiment includes a system having a processor and a
memory storing a content management application program, which,
when executed on the processor, performs one or more steps of the
above recited method.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the above recited aspects are attained
and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of
embodiments, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to
the appended drawings.
Note, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical
embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be
considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to
other equally effective embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates a computing infrastructure, according to an
embodiment.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method of adjusting prominence of a profile of
a participant among a plurality of participants in a social
networking interface, according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method of calculating a relevancy score based
upon content in an activity stream update, according to an
embodiment.
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of adjusting a relevancy score,
according to an embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates a method of calculating a relevancy score based
upon content in the activity stream update, according to a further
embodiment.
FIG. 6 illustrates a method of calculating a relevancy score based
upon content in the activity stream update, according to a further
embodiment.
FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate a method of adjusting a relevancy score,
according to a further embodiment.
FIG. 8 illustrates a method of adjusting visibility level of a
participant profile in a social networking interface, according to
an embodiment.
FIG. 9 illustrates a client social networking interface, according
to an embodiment.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example scenario of adjusting visibility
level of a participant profile in the client social networking
interface illustrated in FIG. 9, according to an embodiment.
FIG. 11 illustrates an ontology tree, according to an
embodiment.
FIG. 12 illustrates a further example scenario of adjusting
visibility level of a participant profile in the client social
networking interface illustrated in FIG. 9, according to an
embodiment.
FIG. 13 illustrates a further example scenario of adjusting
visibility level of a participant profile in the client social
networking interface illustrated in FIG. 9, according to an
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The various embodiments of the invention described herein are
directed to techniques for adjusting prominence of a participant
profile in a social networking interface of a client based on an
activity stream update of the participant. A technique for
adjusting prominence of the participant profile may include
calculating a relevancy score for the participant based on content
in the activity stream update and then adjusting visibility level
of the participant profile. In an embodiment, the participant
profile may be included with other participant profiles in a
participant identification section of the client social networking
interface. Furthermore, the participant profile may include one or
more identifiers, such as a thumbnail image.
According to one embodiment, a client social networking application
may calculate and adjust the relevancy score by iteratively
comparing one or more terms associated with the participant
activity stream update and one or more terms associated with the
client. The one or more terms associated with the participant
activity stream update may be parsed from language of the update.
The one or more terms associated with the client may be parsed from
language derived from at least one of client activity stream
updates and client profile information (e.g., client interests). In
such embodiment, the client application may initialize the
relevancy score with a baseline value and then may increase the
relevancy score each time a relationship is determined between a
respective term associated with the participant activity stream
update and a respective term associated with the client. As further
described herein, the amount of such increase may depend upon the
nature of the determined relationship. Optionally, according to
such embodiment, the client application may decrease the relevancy
score upon determining that no relationship exists between a term
associated with the participant activity stream update and a term
associated with the client and upon further determining that the
participant has posted a predefined number of activity stream
updates within a predefined duration of time.
According to a further embodiment, the client social networking
application may calculate and adjust the relevancy score by
iteratively comparing one or more content types associated with the
participant activity stream update and one or more content types
associated with the client. Content types according to this
disclosure may include at least one of application instances,
Internet hyperlinks, and audiovisual resources. The client
application may determine the one or more content types associated
with the client from at least one of client activity stream updates
and client profile information. In such embodiment, the client
application may initialize the relevancy score with a baseline
value and then may increase the relevancy score by a predefined
amount each time a match is determined between a respective content
type associated with the participant activity stream update and a
respective content type associated with the client.
According to a further embodiment, the client social networking
application may calculate and adjust the relevancy score by
iteratively comparing one or more actionable tasks associated with
the participant activity stream update and one or more actionable
tasks associated with the client. An actionable task in the context
of this disclosure refers to an action verb and one or more
associated objects. The one or more actionable tasks associated
with the participant activity stream update may be parsed from
language of the update. The one or more actionable tasks associated
with the client may be parsed from language derived from at least
one of client activity stream updates and client profile
information (e.g., client interests). In such embodiment, the
client application may initialize the relevancy score with a
baseline value and then may increase the relevancy score each time
a relationship is determined between a respective actionable task
associated with the participant activity stream update and a
respective actionable task associated with the client. As further
described herein, the amount of such increase may depend upon the
nature of the determined relationship.
The client application may adjust the visibility level of the
participant profile based on the calculated relevancy score.
According to one embodiment, the client application may increase
the visibility level of the participant profile upon determining
that the calculated relevancy score is greater than or equal to a
first predefined threshold value. Furthermore, the client
application may decrease the visibility level of the participant
profile upon determining that the calculated relevancy score is
less than a second predefined threshold value. In an embodiment,
the second predefined threshold value may be equal to the first
predefined threshold value.
In an embodiment, the client application may adjust visibility
level of the participant profile by adjusting one or more
identifiers associated with the participant in the participant
identification section of the client social networking interface.
Specifically, the client application may increase the visibility
level of the participant profile by performing at least one of
increasing size of a thumbnail image of the participant in the
participant identification section, increasing degree of color
intensity of a border around the thumbnail image, and increasing
size of the border around the thumbnail image. Conversely, the
client application may decrease the visibility level of participant
profile by performing at least one of decreasing size of the
thumbnail image, decreasing degree of color intensity of a border
around the thumbnail image, and decreasing size of the border
around the thumbnail image.
The various embodiments of the invention described herein may have
various advantages over a conventional social networking
application interface. While a conventional social networking
application may determine prominence of a participant profile
primarily based on how recently or frequency such participant posts
activity stream updates, a social networking application according
to the various embodiments described herein may determine
prominence of the participant profile based on the relevance of
activity stream updates of the participant with respect to the
client. By determining prominence of the participant profile based
on relevance, the visibility level of the participant profile in
the social network interface may be aligned more closely with
client needs or preferences.
In the following, reference is made to various embodiments of the
invention. However, it should be understood that the invention is
not limited to specific described embodiments. Instead, any
combination of the following features and elements, whether related
to different embodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and
practice the invention. Furthermore, although embodiments may
achieve advantages over other possible solutions and/or over the
prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by a
given embodiment is not limiting. Thus, the following aspects,
features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and
are not considered elements or limitations of the appended claims
except where explicitly recited in a claim(s). Likewise, reference
to "the invention" shall not be construed as a generalization of
any inventive subject matter disclosed herein and shall not be
considered to be an element or limitation of the appended claims
except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer
program product. The computer program product may include a
computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer
readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to
carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that
can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction
execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for
example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a
magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an
electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or
any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of
more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium
includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk,
a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable
programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static
random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only
memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a
floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or
raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon,
and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable
storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being
transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely
propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves
propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g.,
light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical
signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be
downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a
computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or
external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a
local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network.
The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical
transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls,
switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter
card or network interface in each computing/processing device
receives computer readable program instructions from the network
and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage
in a computer readable storage medium within the respective
computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations
of the present invention may be assembler instructions,
instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine
instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware
instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object
code written in any combination of one or more programming
languages, including an object oriented programming language such
as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural
programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or
similar programming languages. The computer readable program
instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on
the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on
the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on
the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote
computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type
of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area
network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external
computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet
Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry
including, for example, programmable logic circuitry,
field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays
(PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by
utilizing state information of the computer readable program
instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to
perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with
reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of
methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products
according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood
that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block
diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations
and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable
program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a
processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,
or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a
machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the
processor of the computer or other programmable data processing
apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts
specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in
a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a
programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to
function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable
storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an
article of manufacture including instructions which implement
aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block
diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto
a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other
device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on
the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to
produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions
which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or
other device implement the functions/acts specified in the
flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the
architecture, functionality, and operation of possible
implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products
according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this
regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent
a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one
or more executable instructions for implementing the specified
logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the
functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in
the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in
fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may
sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the
functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of
the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations
of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can
be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that
perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations
of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The various embodiments described herein may be provided to end
users through a cloud computing infrastructure. Cloud computing
generally refers to the provision of scalable computing resources
as a service over a network. More formally, cloud computing may be
defined as a computing capability that provides an abstraction
between the computing resource and its underlying technical
architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks), enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction. Thus, cloud computing allows a user to access virtual
computing resources (e.g., storage, data, applications, and even
complete virtualized computing systems) in the cloud, without
regard for the underlying physical systems (or locations of those
systems) used to provide the computing resources.
Typically, cloud computing resources are provided to a user on a
pay-per-use basis, where users are charged only for the computing
resources actually used (e.g., an amount of storage space consumed
by a user or a number of virtualized systems instantiated by the
user). A user can access any of the resources that reside in the
cloud at any time, and from anywhere across the Internet. In
context of this disclosure, workloads of a client computing system
or server system running a social networking application according
to the various embodiments described herein may be deployed to a
computing cloud. Moreover, cloud-based database systems, virtual
machines, and a variety of other server applications may be used to
manage such workloads.
Further, particular embodiments describe techniques for adjusting
prominence of a participant profile in a social networking
interface. However, it should be understood that the techniques
described herein may be adapted to a variety of purposes in
addition to those specifically described herein. Accordingly,
references to specific embodiments are included to be illustrative
and not limiting.
FIG. 1 illustrates a social networking computing infrastructure 100
according to an embodiment. As shown, computing infrastructure 100
includes a client computing system 105 and a server system 135,
each connected to a communications network 165.
Illustratively, client computing system 105 may include a memory
107, storage 109, input/output (I/O) device interface 111, a
central processing unit (CPU) 113, and a client network interface
115, all of which may be interconnected via interconnect 117 (e.g.,
a bus). Although shown as a single computing system, client
computing system 105 is included to be representative of a single
client or multiple clients. In an embodiment, client computing
system 105 may be a thin client. Memory 107 may include a client
social networking application 119. Client social networking
application 119 may include a social networking interface 121.
Storage 109 may include client application data 123 associated with
client social networking application 119. I/O device interface 111
may be communicatively coupled to one or more client I/O devices
125. CPU 113 is included to be representative of a single CPU,
multiple CPUs, a single CPU having multiple processing cores, and
the like. Client network interface 115 may receive data from and
transmit data to server system 135 via network 165.
Server system 135 may include a memory 137, storage 139, I/O device
interface 141, a CPU 143, and a server network interface 145, all
of which may be interconnected via interconnect 147 (e.g., a bus).
Memory 137 may include a server social networking application 149,
a data parsing application 151, a language processing application
153, and a database management system (DBMS) 155. DBMS 155 is
included be representative of a single database system or multiple
database systems. Storage 139 may include server social networking
application data 157, parsed data 159, ontology 161, and databases
163. Server social networking application 149 may generate and
process server social networking application data 157 based on
interaction with client computing system 105. To address social
networking requests of client computing system 105, server social
networking application 149 may send such requests to data parsing
application 151 or language processing application 153. Data
parsing application 151 may send database requests to DBMS 155, and
data parsing application 151 may process results returned by DBMS
155 to generate parsed data 159. Additionally, language processing
application 153 may send requests to DBMS 155 or to ontology 161 to
determine one or more language relationships. DBMS 155 may include
a software application configured to manage databases 163. Ontology
161 may include one or more ontology trees or other ontological
structures. Databases 163 may include one or more relational
databases. While FIG. 1 illustrates three databases 163, computing
infrastructure 100 may include any number of databases. According
to an embodiment, DBMS 155 may send requests to remote databases
(not shown) via network 165.
I/O device interface 141 may be communicatively coupled to one or
more server I/O devices 164. CPU 143 is included to be
representative of a single CPU, multiple CPUs, a single CPU having
multiple processing cores, and the like. Server network interface
145 may receive data from and transmit data to client computing
system 105 via network 165. Specifically, server social networking
application 149 may accept requests sent by client computing system
105 to server system 135 and may transmit data to client computing
system 105 via server network interface 145.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 of adjusting prominence of a
profile of a participant among a plurality of social networking
participants in a client social networking interface (e.g., social
networking interface 121), according to an embodiment. The social
networking interface may be part of a client social networking
application (e.g., client social networking application 119)
running on a client computing system (e.g., client computing system
105). For purposes of this disclosure, a user of the client
computing system is referred to as a client.
The method 200 may begin at step 205, where the client application
may receive an activity stream update of the participant. The
activity stream update may be transmitted to the client application
via a network (e.g., network 165) by a server system (e.g., server
system 135) running a server social networking application
interacting with the client application (e.g., server social
networking application 149). Furthermore, the client application
may display the activity stream update in the client social
networking interface. At step 210, the client application may
calculate a relevancy score for the participant based upon content
in the participant activity stream update. Techniques for
calculating and adjusting the relevancy score according to step 210
are described herein with respect to FIGS. 3-7. At step 215, the
client application may adjust visibility level of the participant
profile in the social networking interface based upon the
calculated relevancy score. A technique for adjusting visibility
level of the participant profile is further described herein with
respect to FIG. 8.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 of calculating the relevancy score
based upon content in the activity stream update of the
participant. The method 300 provides an embodiment with respect to
step 210 of the method 200. The method 300 may begin at step 305,
where the client application may initialize the relevancy score
with a baseline value. The baseline value may be a default value
(e.g., 0) that may be modified based upon content in the
participant activity stream update.
At step 310, the client application may facilitate parsing of
language in the participant activity stream update to determine one
or more terms associated with the activity stream update.
Specifically, the client application may send language in the
participant activity stream update to a data parsing application
(e.g., data parsing application 151) running on the server system
to determine the one or more terms. The data parsing application
may include a slot grammar parser. To address multiple languages,
such slot grammar parser may include both a language-universal
shell and language-specific grammars for certain languages (e.g.,
aspects specific to an English Slot Grammar (ESG) parser).
Furthermore, the data parsing application may include a
predicate-argument structure (PAS) builder. The PAS builder may
simplify and abstract results generated by the slot grammar parser.
Additionally, the data parsing application may include higher level
natural language processing capabilities such as inferencing and
deep semantic processing. The data parsing application may parse
the language in the participant activity stream update via one or
more of the slot grammar parser, the PAS builder, and higher level
natural language processing capabilities. The data parsing
application may parse out insignificant language (e.g., articles,
conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, and prepositions). Upon
parsing the language in the participant activity stream update, the
data parsing application may return the determined one or more
terms to the client application. According to an embodiment, the
server social networking application may facilitate processing of
the one or more terms determined at step 310.
At step 315, the client application may facilitate parsing of
language associated with the client to determine one or more terms
associated with the client. Specifically, the client application
may derive language associated with the client from at least one of
activity stream updates of the client and information associated
with a profile of the client (e.g., client interests). The client
application may consider all client activity stream updates that
have been posted within a predefined time range, or alternatively
the client application may consider a predefined number of recent
client activity stream updates. The client application may send the
derived client language to the data parsing application to
determine the one or more terms. The data parsing application may
parse the derived client language via one or more of the slot
grammar parser, the PAS builder, and higher level natural language
processing capabilities. The data parsing application may parse out
insignificant language (e.g., articles, conjunctions, auxiliary
verbs, pronouns, and prepositions). Upon parsing the derived client
language, the data parsing application may return the determined
one or more terms to the client application. According to an
embodiment, the server social networking application may facilitate
processing of the one or more terms determined at step 315.
At step 320, the client application may adjust the relevancy score
by iteratively comparing the one or more terms associated with the
participant activity stream update and the one or more terms
associated with the client. Details regarding adjusting the
relevancy score according to step 320 are further described with
respect to FIG. 4.
FIG. 4 illustrates a method 400 of adjusting the relevancy score
based upon a comparison of each of the one or more terms associated
with the participant activity stream update (e.g., determined
according to step 310) and each of the one or more terms associated
with the client (e.g., determined according to step 315). The
method 400 provides further detail with respect to step 320 of the
method 300. The method 400 may begin at step 405, where the client
application may select a term among the one or more terms
associated with the participant activity stream update. At step
410, the client application may select a term among the one or more
terms associated with the client.
At step 415, the client application may determine whether a direct
match relationship exists between the selected term associated with
the participant activity stream update and the selected term
associated with the client. A direct match relationship in the
context of the disclosure exists when a term associated with the
participant activity stream update and a term associated with the
client are identical. In an embodiment, the client application may
consult a language processing application (e.g., language
processing application 153 of server system 135) to determine
whether a direct match relationship exists. Upon determining that a
direct match relationship exists, at step 420 the client
application may increase the relevancy score by a first predefined
amount, and the method 400 may proceed to step 445.
Upon determining that no direct match relationship exists, at step
425 the client application may determine whether a synonymous
relationship exists between the selected term associated with the
participant activity stream update and the selected term associated
with the client. A synonymous relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when a term associated with the participant
activity stream update and a term associated with the client are
synonyms but are not identical. In an embodiment, the client
application may consult the language processing application to
determine whether a synonymous relationship exists. Upon
determining that a synonymous relationship exists, at step 430 the
client application may increase the relevancy score by a second
predefined amount, and the method 400 may proceed to step 445. In
an embodiment, the second predefined amount may be less than the
first predefined amount.
Upon determining that no synonymous relationship exists, at step
435 the client application may determine whether an ontological
relationship exists between the selected term associated with the
participant activity stream update and the selected term associated
with the client. An ontological relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when a term associated with the participant
activity stream update and a term associated with the client have
an ontological relationship (e.g., a relationship determined via
ontological analysis) but are not identical or synonymous. In an
embodiment, the client application may consult at least one of the
language processing application and an ontology (e.g., ontology 161
of server system 135) to determine whether an ontological
relationship exists. Upon determining that a ontological
relationship exists, at step 440 the client application may
increase the relevancy score by a third amount. In an embodiment,
the third amount may be less than the second predefined amount.
Furthermore, magnitude of the third amount may be determined by a
number of degrees of separation between the term associated with
the participant activity stream update and the term associated with
the client as determined via ontological analysis--e.g., via
analysis of an ontology tree. For instance, if there is a single
degree of separation in an ontology tree between the term
associated with the participant activity stream update and the term
associated with the client, the magnitude of the third amount may
be a higher designated value than if there were two or more degrees
of separation between the terms.
At step 445, the client application may determine whether there is
a further term to process among the one or more terms associated
with the client. If there is a further term associated with the
client to process, then the method 400 may return to step 410. If
there is no further term associated with the client to process,
then at step 450 the client application may determine whether there
is a further term to process among the one or more terms associated
with the participant activity stream update. If there is a further
term associated with the participant activity stream update to
process, then the method 400 may return to step 405.
Optionally, at step 455, the client application may determine
whether no relationship exists between a term associated with the
participant activity stream update and a term associated with the
client and further may determine whether the participant has posted
a predefined number of activity stream updates within a predefined
duration of time. A determination of no relationship may be made by
determining whether the relevancy score at step 455 remains equal
to the baseline value. The predefined number of activity stream
updates in this context may be defined by a number of updates above
a designated percentage (e.g., 50%) of an average number of updates
posted by the plurality of social networking participants. Upon
determining that no relationship exists, and upon further
determining that the participant has posted the predefined number
of activity stream updates within the predefined period of time,
then at step 460 the client application may decrease the relevancy
score by a fourth predefined amount. Accordingly, relevancy score
may be decreased for a participant who posts an activity stream
update for which the client may have little interest, if such
participant posts activity stream updates on a frequent basis. In
an embodiment, the client application may provide the client an
option to adjust one or more of the predefined values for the
method 400.
FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 of calculating the relevancy score
based upon content in the activity stream update of the
participant. The method 500 provides a further embodiment with
respect to step 210 of the method 200. The method 500 may begin at
step 505, where the client application may initialize the relevancy
score with a baseline value. The baseline value may be a default
value (e.g., 0) that may be modified based upon content in the
participant activity stream update. At step 510, the client
application may determine one or more content types associated with
the participant activity stream update. The one or more content
types may include at least one of application instances, Internet
hyperlinks, and audiovisual resources. At step 515, the client
application may determine one or more content types associated with
the client. The client application may determine the one or more
content types at step 515 from at least one of client activity
stream updates and information associated with the client profile.
The client application may consider client activity stream updates
that have been posted within a predefined time range, or
alternatively the client application may consider a predefined
number of recent client activity stream updates.
At step 520, the client application may adjust the relevancy score
by iteratively comparing the one or more content types associated
with the participant activity stream update and the one or more
content types associated with the client. Specifically, in one
embodiment, the client application may iterate through each of the
one or more content types associated with the participant activity
stream update to determine whether there is a matching content type
among the one or more content types associated with the client, and
the client application may increase the relevancy score by a
predefined amount for each such match. For example, the client
application may increase the relevancy score by the predefined
amount upon determining that a participant activity stream update
pertains to a gaming application that also is associated with the
client. In an embodiment, the client application may provide the
client an option to adjust the predefined amount for the method
500.
FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 of calculating the relevancy score
based upon content in the activity stream update of the
participant. The method 600 provides a further embodiment with
respect to step 210 of the method 200. The method 600 may begin at
step 605, where the client application may initialize the relevancy
score with a baseline value. The baseline value may be a default
value (e.g., 0) that may be modified based upon content in the
participant activity stream update.
At step 610, the client application may facilitate parsing of
language in the participant activity stream update to determine one
or more actionable tasks associated with the activity stream
update. Specifically, the client application may send language in
the participant activity stream update to the aforementioned data
parsing application in order to determine any actionable tasks. In
the context of this disclosure, an actionable task may be defined
as an action verb and one or more associated objects. Such one or
more objects may include at least one of a direct object upon which
the action verb acts or an object of a prepositional phrase
following the action verb. A non-action verb and any corresponding
object(s) are not considered part of an actionable task. The data
parsing application may parse the language in the participant
activity stream update via one or more of the slot grammar parser,
the PAS builder, and higher level natural language processing
capabilities. The data parsing application may discard articles,
conjunctions, pronouns, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs
associated with action verbs. Upon parsing the language in the
participant activity stream update, the data parsing application
may return the determined one or more actionable tasks to the
client application. According to an embodiment, the server social
networking application may facilitate processing of the determined
one or more actionable tasks.
At step 615, the client application may facilitate parsing of
language associated with the client to determine one or more
actionable tasks associated with the client. Specifically, the
client application may derive language associated with the client
from at least one of client activity stream updates and information
associated with the client profile (e.g., client interests). The
client application may consider all client activity stream updates
that have been posted within a predefined time range, or
alternatively the client application may consider a predefined
number of recent client activity stream updates. The client
application may send the derived client language to the
aforementioned data parsing application to determine the one or
more actionable tasks. The data parsing application may parse the
derived client language via one or more of the slot grammar parser,
the PAS builder, and higher level natural language processing
capabilities. The data parsing application may discard articles,
conjunctions, pronouns, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs
associated with action verbs. Upon parsing the derived client
language, the data parsing application may return the determined
one or more actionable tasks to the client application. According
to an embodiment, the server social networking application may
facilitate processing of the determined one or more actionable
tasks.
At step 620, the client application may adjust the relevancy score
by iteratively comparing the one or more actionable tasks
associated with the participant activity stream update and the one
or more actionable tasks associated with the client. Details
regarding adjusting the relevancy score according to step 620 are
further described with respect to FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 of adjusting the relevancy score
based upon a comparison of each of the one or more actionable tasks
associated with the participant activity stream update and each of
the one or more actionable tasks associated with the client,
according to one embodiment. The method 700 provides further detail
with respect to step 620 of the method 600. The method 700 may
begin at step 702, where the client application may select an
actionable task among the one or more actionable tasks associated
with the participant activity stream update. At step 704, the
client application may select an actionable task among the one or
more actionable tasks associated with the client.
At step 706, the client application may determine whether a
complete direct match relationship exists between the selected
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the selected actionable task associated with the client.
A complete direct match relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when both an action verb and an object of an
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update are respectively identical to an action verb and an object
of an actionable task associated with the client. In an embodiment,
the client application may consult the aforementioned language
processing application to determine whether a complete direct match
relationship exists. Upon determining that a complete direct match
relationship exists, at step 708 the client application may
increase the relevancy score by a first predefined amount, and the
method 700 may proceed to step 742.
Upon determining that no complete direct match relationship exists,
at step 710 the client application may determine whether a partial
direct match--partial synonymous relationship exists between the
between the selected actionable task associated with the
participant activity stream update and the selected actionable task
associated with the client. A partial direct match--partial
synonymous relationship in the context of the disclosure exists
when either (but not both) of an action verb or an object of an
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update is identical to an action verb or an object of an actionable
task associated with the client, and either (but not both) of an
action verb or an object of an actionable task associated with the
participant activity stream update is synonymous with, but is not
identical to, an action verb or an object of an actionable task
associated with the client. In an embodiment, the client
application may consult the language processing application to
determine whether a partial direct match--partial synonymous
relationship exists. Upon determining that a partial direct
match--partial synonymous relationship exists, at step 712 the
client application may increase the relevancy score by a second
predefined amount, and the method 700 may proceed to step 742. In
an embodiment, the second predefined amount may be less than the
first predefined amount.
Upon determining that no partial direct match--partial synonymous
relationship exists, at step 714 the client application may
determine whether a partial direct match--partial ontological
relationship exists between the selected actionable task associated
with the participant activity stream update and the selected
actionable task associated with the client. A partial direct
match--partial ontological relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when either (but not both) of an action verb or
an object of an actionable task associated with the participant
activity stream update is identical to an action verb or an object
of an actionable task associated with the client, and either (but
not both) of an action verb or an object of an actionable task
associated with the participant activity stream update has an
ontological relationship with, but is not synonymous with or
identical to, an action verb or an object of an actionable task
associated with the client. In an embodiment, the client
application may consult at least one of the language processing
application and the aforementioned ontology to determine whether a
partial direct match--partial ontological relationship exists. Upon
determining that a partial direct match--partial ontological
relationship exists, at step 716 the client application may
increase the relevancy score by a third amount, and the method 700
may proceed to step 742. In an embodiment, the third amount may be
less than the second predefined amount. Furthermore, magnitude of
the third amount may be partially predefined (as a result of the
partial direct match) and partially determined by a number of
degrees of separation between the ontologically related portion of
the actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the ontologically related portion of the actionable task
associated with the client, as determined via ontological analysis.
For instance, if there is a single degree of separation in an
ontology tree between the ontologically related portion of the
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the ontologically related portion of the actionable task
associated with the client, the magnitude of the third amount may
be a higher designated value than if there were two or more degrees
of separation between the ontologically related portions.
Upon determining that no partial direct match--partial ontological
relationship exists, at step 718 the client application may
determine whether a sole partial direct match relationship exists
between the selected actionable task associated with the
participant activity stream update and the selected actionable task
associated with the client. A sole partial direct match
relationship in the context of the disclosure exists when either
(but not both) of an action verb or an object of an actionable task
associated with the participant activity stream update is identical
to an action verb or an object of an actionable task associated
with the client, without any further relationship between the
actionable tasks. In an embodiment, the client application may
consult the language processing application to determine whether a
sole partial direct match relationship exists. Upon determining
that a sole partial direct match relationship exists, at step 720
the client application may increase the relevancy score by a fourth
predefined amount, and the method 700 may proceed to step 742. In
an embodiment, the fourth predefined amount may be less than the
third amount. For instance, the fourth predefined amount may be
equivalent to the predefined portion of the third amount.
Upon determining that no sole partial direct match relationship
exists, at step 722 the client application may determine whether a
complete synonymous relationship exists between the selected
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the selected actionable task associated with the client.
A complete synonymous relationship in the context of the disclosure
exists when both an action verb and an object of an actionable task
associated with the participant activity stream update are
respectively synonymous with, but are not identical to, an action
verb and an object of an actionable task associated with the
client. In an embodiment, the client application may consult the
language processing application to determine whether a complete
synonymous relationship exists. Upon determining that a complete
synonymous relationship exists, at step 724 the client application
may increase the relevancy score by a fifth predefined amount, and
the method 700 may proceed to step 742. In an embodiment, the fifth
predefined amount may be less than the fourth predefined
amount.
Upon determining that no complete synonymous relationship exists,
at step 726 the client application may determine whether a partial
synonymous--partial ontological relationship exists between the
selected actionable task associated with the participant activity
stream update and the selected actionable task associated with the
client. A partial synonymous--partial ontological relationship in
the context of the disclosure exists when either (but not both) of
an action verb or an object of an actionable task associated with
the participant activity stream update is synonymous with, but is
not identical to, an action verb or an object of an actionable task
associated with the client, and either (but not both) of an action
verb or an object of an actionable task associated with the
participant activity stream update has an ontological relationship
with, but is not synonymous with or identical to, an action verb or
an object of an actionable task associated with the client. In an
embodiment, the client application may consult at least one of the
language processing application and the ontology to determine
whether a partial synonymous--partial ontological relationship
exists. Upon determining that a partial synonymous--partial
ontological relationship exists, at step 728 the client application
may increase the relevancy score by a sixth amount, and the method
700 may proceed to step 742. In an embodiment, the sixth amount may
be less than the fifth predefined amount. Furthermore, magnitude of
the sixth amount may be partially predefined (as a result of the
partial synonymous relationship) and may be partially determined by
a number of degrees of separation between the ontologically related
portion of the actionable task associated with the participant
activity stream update and the ontologically related portion of the
actionable task associated with the client, as determined via
ontological analysis.
Upon determining that no partial synonymous--partial ontological
relationship exists, at step 730 the client application may
determine whether a sole partial synonymous relationship exists
between the selected actionable task associated with the
participant activity stream update and the selected actionable task
associated with the client. A sole partial synonymous relationship
in the context of the disclosure exists when either (but not both)
of an action verb or an object of an actionable task associated
with the participant activity stream update is synonymous with, but
is not identical to, an action verb or an object of an actionable
task associated with the client, without any further relationship
between the actionable tasks. In an embodiment, the client
application may consult the language processing application to
determine whether a sole partial synonymous relationship exists.
Upon determining that a sole partial synonymous relationship
exists, at step 732 the client application may increase the
relevancy score by a seventh predefined amount, and the method 700
may proceed to step 742. In an embodiment, the seventh predefined
amount may be less than the sixth amount. For instance, the seventh
predefined amount may be equivalent to the predefined portion of
the sixth amount.
Upon determining that no sole partial synonymous relationship
exists, at step 734 the client application may determine whether a
complete ontological relationship exists between the selected
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the selected actionable task associated with the client.
A complete ontological relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when both an action verb and an object of an
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update are respectively ontologically related to, but are not
identical to or synonymous with, an action verb and an object of an
actionable task associated with the client. In an embodiment, the
client application may consult at least one of the language
processing application and the ontology to determine whether a
complete ontological relationship exists. Upon determining that a
complete ontological relationship exists, at step 736 the client
application may increase the relevancy score by an eighth amount,
and the method 700 may proceed to step 742. In an embodiment, the
eighth amount may be less than the seventh predefined amount.
Furthermore, magnitude of the eighth amount may be determined by
respective numbers of degrees of separation between each respective
ontologically related portion of the actionable task associated
with the participant activity stream update and each respective
ontologically related portion of the actionable task associated
with the client, as determined via ontological analysis.
Upon determining that no complete ontological relationship exists,
at step 738 the client application may determine whether a sole
partial ontological relationship exists between the selected
actionable task associated with the participant activity stream
update and the selected actionable task associated with the client.
A sole partial ontological relationship in the context of the
disclosure exists when either (but not both) of an action verb or
an object of an actionable task associated with the participant
activity stream update is ontologically related to, but is not
identical to or synonymous with, an action verb or an object of an
actionable task associated with the client, without any further
relationship between the actionable tasks. In an embodiment, the
client application may consult at least one of the language
processing application and the ontology to determine whether a sole
partial ontological relationship exists. Upon determining that a
sole partial ontological relationship exists, at step 740 the
client application may increase the relevancy score by a ninth
amount. In an embodiment, the ninth amount may be less than the
eighth amount. Furthermore, magnitude of the ninth amount may be
determined by a number of degrees of separation between the
ontologically related portion of the actionable task associated
with the participant activity stream update and the ontologically
related portion of the actionable task associated with the client,
as determined via ontological analysis.
At step 742, the client application may determine whether there is
a further actionable task to process among the one or more
actionable tasks associated with the client. If there is a further
actionable task associated with the client to process, then the
method 700 may return to step 704. If there is no further
actionable task associated with the client to process, at step 744
the client application may determine whether there is a further
actionable task to process among the one or more actionable tasks
associated with the participant activity stream update. If there is
a further actionable task associated with the participant activity
stream update to process, then the method 700 may return to step
702. In an embodiment, the client application may provide the
client an option to adjust one or more of the predefined values for
the method 700.
FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 of adjusting the visibility level
of the participant profile in the social networking interface. The
method 800 provides further detail with respect to step 215 of the
method 200. The method 800 may begin at step 805, where the client
application may determine whether the relevancy score for the
participant (e.g., calculated at step 210 of the method 200) is
greater than or equal to a first predefined threshold value. Upon
determining that the relevancy score is greater than or equal to
the first predefined threshold value, at step 810 the client
application may increase the visibility level of the participant
profile, and the process may end. Upon determining that the
relevancy score is less than the first predefined threshold value,
at step 815 the client application may determine whether the
relevancy score for the participant is less than a second
predefined threshold value. Upon determining that the relevancy
score is less than the second predefined threshold value, at step
820 the client application may decrease the visibility level of the
participant profile. Upon determining that the relevancy score is
greater than or equal to the second predefined threshold value, the
process may end.
According to one embodiment, the first predefined threshold may be
greater than the second predefined threshold. According to such
embodiment, the client application will leave the visibility level
of the participant profile unchanged upon determining that the
relevancy score is less than the first predefined threshold value
but greater than or equal to the second predefined threshold value.
According to an alternative embodiment, the first predefined
threshold may be equivalent to the second predefined threshold.
In an embodiment, the client application may define a number of
visibility levels by which the participant profile is increased
upon determining that the relevancy score is greater than or equal
to the first predefined threshold value at step 805. The client
application also may define a number of visibility levels by which
the participant profile decreased upon determining that the
relevancy score is less than the second predefined threshold value
at step 815. For instance, the client application may define that
the participant profile is to be increased one visibility level
upon determining that the relevancy score is greater than or equal
to the first predefined threshold value at step 805 and further may
define that the participant profile is to be decreased one
visibility level upon determining that the relevancy score is less
than the second predefined threshold value at step 815. The client
application may provide the client an option to adjust one or more
of the predefined threshold values and the number of visibility
levels for the method 800.
In a further embodiment, additional predefined threshold values may
be defined in the context of the method 800. For instance, the
client application may define that the participant profile is to be
increased two visibility levels upon determining that the relevancy
score is greater than or equal to a third predefined threshold
value, wherein the third predefined threshold value is greater than
the first predefined threshold value. Additionally, the client
application may define that the participant profile is to be
decreased two visibility levels upon determining that the relevancy
score is less than a fourth predefined threshold value, wherein the
fourth predefined threshold value is less than the second
predefined threshold value. In such embodiment, the client
application may provide the client an option to adjust one or more
of these additional predefined threshold values.
Adjusting the visibility level of the participant profile in the
method 800 according to one embodiment may include adjusting
visibility level of a thumbnail image of the participant.
Specifically, a thumbnail image representing the participant in the
client social networking interface may be one of a plurality of
predefined sizes. Such thumbnail image may be located in a
participant identification section of the social networking
interface. According to such embodiment, increasing the visibility
level of the thumbnail image at step 810 may include increasing the
thumbnail image size to a predefined size larger than a current
predefined size. Conversely, decreasing the visibility level of the
thumbnail image at step 820 may include decreasing the thumbnail
image size to a predefined size smaller than the current predefined
size.
According to a further embodiment, adjusting the visibility level
of the participant profile in the method 800 may include adjusting
visibility level of attributes of a border around the thumbnail
image of the participant. Border attributes such as color intensity
or size may be modified to increase or decrease visibility of the
participant profile. Specifically, a border may have predefined
degrees of color intensity. Increasing visibility of the border at
step 810 may include increasing color intensity of the border to a
higher predefined degree than a current predefined degree.
Conversely, decreasing visibility of the border at step 820 may
include decreasing color intensity to a lower predefined degree
than the current predefined degree. Furthermore, a border may be
one of a plurality of predefined sizes, and increasing visibility
of the border at step 810 may include increasing border size to a
larger predefined size than a current predefined size. Conversely,
decreasing visibility of the border at step 820 may include
decreasing border size to a smaller predefined size than the
current predefined size.
According to a further embodiment, in a scenario in which relevancy
score is calculated by determining one or more actionable tasks
associated with the participant activity stream update and one or
more actionable tasks associated with the client (e.g., according
to the methods 600 and 700), the client application may include a
caption in the social networking interface adjacent to the
thumbnail image of the participant upon determining that the
calculated relevancy score exceeds a predefined actionable task
threshold value. Specifically, the caption may include the natural
language of the participant activity stream update.
According to an embodiment, the steps of the methods 200-800 may be
carried out by the server social networking application on the
server system or a social networking application of another
computing system rather than the client social networking
application on the client computing system. For instance, if the
client computing system is a thin client, all processing may occur
at the server system, and relevant data required for display of the
client social networking interface may be sent to the client
computing system via the network.
FIG. 9 illustrates social networking interface 121 as presented by
a client social networking application 119 running in memory 107 of
client computing system 105, according to an embodiment. Social
networking interface 121 may include a participant identification
section 905, an activity stream 910, and client profile information
915. Participant identification section 905 may include all or a
subset of participants associated with the client within client
application 119. As shown, participant identification section 905
includes respective profiles for Participant A, Participant B,
Participant C, Participant D, and Participant E. Each participant
profile includes an identifier in the form of a thumbnail image
with a border. Activity stream 910 may display recent activity
stream updates associated with the client and the participants
included in participant identification section 905. Activity stream
910 may include activity stream updates in temporal order, with the
newest activity stream update at the top. Client profile
information 915 includes personal information provided by the
client, including hometown, birthday, and interests 917. As shown
in FIG. 9, the client has posted two recent activity stream updates
in activity stream 910. Activity stream update 919 is a natural
language update. Activity stream update 921 pertains to an update
for an application, specifically Application XYZ.
FIG. 10 illustrates social networking interface 121 upon posting of
a new activity stream update 1023 by Participant A. FIG. 10
illustrates an example scenario in which prominence of the profile
of Participant A is adjusted from the visibility level illustrated
in FIG. 9 according to the method 200. More specifically, in this
example scenario, relevancy score is calculated and adjusted for
Participant A based on the content of activity stream update 1023
according to the methods 300 and 400, and visibility level of the
profile of Participant A is adjusted based on the calculated
relevancy score according to the method 800.
For the example scenario of FIG. 10, it is assumed that the
relevancy score is initialized to a baseline value of 0 according
to step 305 of the method 300. According to step 310, client
application 119 may facilitate parsing of language in activity
stream update 1023 of Participant A to determine terms associated
therewith. Specifically, client application 119 may send language
in activity stream update 1023 to data parsing application 151,
which may determine the following terms associated with activity
stream update 1023: "cruising", "family", and "boat". Data parsing
application 151 may ignore insignificant articles, conjunctions,
auxiliary verbs, pronouns, and prepositions.
Furthermore, according to step 315, client application 119 may
facilitate parsing of language associated with the client to
determine terms associated therewith. For purposes of this example,
client application 119 may derive client language from interests
917 listed in client profile information 915 as well as the past
two client activity stream updates 919 and 921. Client application
119 may send client language derived from interests 917 and client
activity stream updates 919 and 921 to data parsing application
151, which may determine the following terms associated with the
client: "sailing", "schooner", "playing", "golf", "dining",
"family", "building", "models", "painting", "house", "camping",
"forest", "singing", and "friends".
According to the example scenario of FIG. 10, adjustment of the
relevancy score according to step 320 is assumed to occur via the
method 400. According to the method 400, each of the terms
associated with activity stream update 1023 of Participant A may be
iteratively compared with each of the terms associated with the
client. As a result of iteratively comparing the terms associated
with activity stream update 1023 and the terms associated with the
client, at step 415 client application 119 may determine that a
direct match relationship exists based on the term "family", which
is a term associated with both the client and activity stream
update 1023 of Participant A. Accordingly, at step 420 client
application 119 may increase the relevancy score, which initially
is equal to the baseline value of 0, by a first predefined amount.
For purposes of this example, the first predefined amount for a
direct match relationship according to the method 400 is assumed to
be 10. Thus, the relevancy score is increased by 10, such that the
relevancy score is adjusted to 10.
Moreover, client application 119 may determine at step 425 that a
synonymous relationship exists between the term "cruising"
associated with activity stream update 1023 of Participant A and
the term "sailing" associated with the client. Accordingly, at step
430 client application 119 may increase the relevancy score by a
second predefined amount. For purposes of this example, the second
predefined amount for a synonymous relationship according to the
method 400 is assumed to be 7. Thus, the relevancy score is
increased by 7, such that the relevancy score is adjusted to
17.
Furthermore, at step 435, client application 119 may determine that
an ontological relationship exists between the term "boat"
associated with Participant A and the term "schooner" associated
with the client. Such ontological relationship may be determined by
consulting an ontology tree, such as ontology tree 1100 as
illustrated in FIG. 11.
Ontology tree 1100 includes nodes and branches connecting the
nodes. Each node represents a category. Ontology tree 1100 is
organized according to level of specificity, wherein a more general
category is located at a higher tree level than a more specific
category. A root node 1105 of ontology tree 1100 represents a
category "vehicle", and each node connected to a root node 1105 one
level below represents a sub-category of the category "vehicle".
Specifically, each of a node 1110, representing category "boat",
and a node 1115, representing category "car", represents a
sub-category of root node 1105. Moreover, each node connected to
node 1110 one level below represents a sub-category of the category
"boat". Specifically, each of a node 1120, representing category
"canoe", and a node 1125, representing category "schooner",
represents a sub-category of the category "boat". Degrees of
separation among the nodes of the ontology tree 1100 may be
determined by counting the number of branches traversed from one
node to another. For instance, since one branch is traversed from
node 1110 representing category "boat" to node 1125 representing
category "schooner", there is one degree of separation between
category "boat" and category "schooner".
At step 435, client application 119 may consult ontology tree 1100
of FIG. 11, which may be within ontology 161, and accordingly may
determine an ontological relationship between the term "boat"
associated with activity stream update 1023 of Participant A (based
on category "boat" of node 1110) and the term "schooner" associated
with the client (based on category "schooner" of node 1125).
Moreover, client application 119 may determine one degree of
separation between the terms, as there is one branch in ontology
tree 1100 between node 1110 representing category "boat" and node
1125 representing category "schooner". Accordingly, at step 440
client application 119 may increase the relevancy score by a third
amount. For purposes of this example, magnitude of the third amount
for an ontological relationship is assumed to be 5 for one degree
of separation, 4 for two degrees of separation, and 3 for three
degrees of separation. Thus, the relevancy score is increased by 5
based on the determined ontological relationship with one degree of
separation, such that the relevancy score is adjusted to 22.
Having calculated the relevancy score of 22 for Participant A
according to the methods 300 and 400, client application 119 may
adjust visibility level of the profile of Participant A within
social networking interface 121 according to the method 800. For
purposes of this example scenario, the first predefined threshold
value according to the method 800 is assumed to be 20, and the
second predefined threshold value is assumed to be 10. Moreover,
for this example it is assumed that a participant profile is to be
increased one visibility level or decreased one visibility level
according to the method 800. Additionally, for this example it is
assumed that adjusting visibility level of a participant profile
entails increasing or decreasing size of the border around the
thumbnail image representing the participant in participant
identification section 905.
For this example scenario, at step 805 client application 119 may
determine that the calculated relevancy score of 22 for Participant
A is greater than the first predefined value of 20. Thus, at step
810 client application 119 may increase the visibility level of the
profile of Participant A one visibility level. Specifically, client
application 119 may increase the border size around the thumbnail
image of Participant A in participant identification section 905 to
one predefined size larger than the current predefined size.
Illustratively, the border size around the thumbnail image for
Participant A in participant identification section 905 of FIG. 10
is increased to a size assumed to be one predefined size larger
than the border size around the thumbnail image for Participant A
in participant identification section 905 of FIG. 9. Thus, as
illustrated in FIG. 10, the prominence of the profile of
Participant A has been increased based on activity stream update
1023.
FIG. 12 illustrates social networking interface 121 upon posting of
a new activity stream update 1223 by Participant A. FIG. 12
illustrates a further example scenario in which prominence of the
profile of Participant A is adjusted from the visibility level
illustrated in FIG. 9 according to the method 200. More
specifically, in this example scenario, relevancy score is
calculated for Participant A based on the content of the activity
stream update 1223 according to the method 500, and visibility
level of the profile of Participant A is adjusted based on the
calculated relevancy score according to the method 800.
For the example scenario of FIG. 12, it is assumed that the
relevancy score is initialized to a baseline value of 0 according
to step 505 of the method 500. According to step 510, client
application 119 may determine one or more content types associated
with activity stream update 1223 of Participant A. In this example,
client application 119 may determine that activity stream update
1223 references installation of "XYZ Application". Furthermore,
according to step 515, client application 119 may determine one or
more content types associated with the client. For purposes of this
example, client application 119 may determine the one or more
content types from material listed in client profile information
915 as well as the past two client activity stream updates 919 and
921. In this example, client application 119 may determine that
client activity stream update 921 references an update for "XYZ
Application".
At step 520, client application may adjust the relevancy score
based on iterative comparison of the one or more content types
associated with activity stream update 1223 of Participant A and
the one or more content types associated with the client. During
such comparison, client application 119 may determine that "XYZ
Application" is associated with both activity stream update 1223 of
Participant A and the client. Accordingly, at client application
119 may increase the relevancy score, which initially is equal to
the baseline value of 0, by a predefined amount. For purposes of
this example, it is assumed that the predefined amount for a
content type match according to the method 500 is 20. Thus, the
relevancy score is increased by 20, such that the relevancy score
is adjusted to 20.
Having calculated the relevancy score of 20 for Participant A
according to the method 500, client application 119 may adjust
visibility level of the profile of Participant A within social
networking interface 121 according to the method 800. For purposes
of this example scenario, the first predefined threshold value
according to the method 800 is assumed to be 20, and the second
predefined threshold value is assumed to be 10. Moreover, for this
example it is assumed that a participant profile is to be increased
one visibility level or decreased one visibility level according to
the method 800. Additionally, for this example it is assumed that
adjusting visibility level of a participant profile entails
increasing or decreasing size of the thumbnail image representing
the participant in participant identification section 905.
For this example scenario, at step 805 client application 119 may
determine that the calculated relevancy score of 20 for Participant
A is equal to the first predefined value of 20. Thus, at step 810
client application 119 may increase the visibility level of the
profile of Participant A one visibility level. Specifically, client
application 119 may increase the thumbnail image size of
Participant A in participant identification section 905 to one
predefined size larger than the current predefined size.
Illustratively, the thumbnail image for Participant A in
participant identification section 905 of FIG. 12 is increased to a
size assumed to be one predefined size larger than the thumbnail
image size for Participant A in participant identification section
905 of FIG. 9. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the prominence of
the profile of Participant A has been increased based on activity
stream update 1223.
FIG. 13 illustrates social networking interface 121 upon posting of
a new activity stream update 1323 by Participant A. FIG. 13
illustrates a further example scenario in which prominence of the
profile of Participant A is adjusted from the visibility level
illustrated in FIG. 9 according to the method 200. More
specifically, in this example scenario, relevancy score is
calculated and adjusted for Participant A based on the content of
the activity stream update 1323 according to the methods 600 and
700, and visibility level of the profile of Participant A is
adjusted based on the calculated relevancy score according to the
method 800.
For the example scenario of FIG. 13, it is assumed that the
relevancy score is initialized to a baseline value of 0 according
to step 605 of the method 600. According to step 610, client
application 119 may facilitate parsing of language in activity
stream update 1323 of Participant A to determine actionable tasks
associated therewith. Specifically, client application 119 may send
language in activity stream update 1323 to data parsing application
151, which may determine the following actionable tasks associated
with activity stream update 1323: "fixing [action verb] car
[object]" and "crooning [action verb] friends [object]". Data
parsing application 151 may ignore insignificant articles,
conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, and prepositions.
Furthermore, according to step 615, client application 119 may
facilitate parsing of language associated with the client to
determine actionable tasks associated therewith. For purposes of
this example, client application 119 may derive client language
from interests 917 listed in client profile information 915 as well
as the past two client activity stream updates 919 and 921. Client
application 119 may send client language derived from interests 917
and client activity stream updates 919 and 921 to data parsing
application 151, which may determine the following actionable tasks
associated with the client: "sailing [action verb] schooner
[object]", "playing [action verb] golf [object]", "dining [action
verb] family [object]", "building [action verb] models [object]",
"painting [action verb] house [object]", "camping [action verb]
forest [object]", and "singing [action verb] friends [object]".
According to the example scenario of FIG. 13, adjustment of the
relevancy score according to step 620 is assumed to occur via the
method 700. According the method 700, each of the actionable tasks
associated with activity stream update 1023 of Participant A may be
iteratively compared with each of the actionable tasks associated
with the client. As a result of iteratively comparing the
actionable tasks associated with activity stream update 1323 and
the actionable tasks associated with the client, at step 706 client
application 119 may determine that no complete direct match
relationship exists.
At step 710, client application 119 may determine that a partial
direct match--partial synonymous relationship exists between
actionable task "crooning friends" associated with activity stream
update 1323 of Participant A and actionable task "singing friends"
associated with the client. Specifically, upon consultation of
language parsing application 151, client application 119 may
determine that action verb "crooning" of the actionable task
associated with activity stream update 1323 is synonymous with
action verb "singing" of the actionable task associated with the
client, and further may determine that the object "friends"
associated with activity stream update 1323 is identical to the
object "friends" associated with the client. Accordingly, at step
712 client application 119 may increase the relevancy score, which
initially is equal to the baseline value of 0, by a second
predefined amount. For purposes of this example, the second
predefined amount for a partial direct match--partial synonymous
relationship is assumed to be 15. Thus, the relevancy score is
increased by 15, such that the relevancy score is adjusted to
15.
Furthermore, as a result of iterative comparison, at step 714
client application 119 may determine that no partial direct
match--partial ontological relationship exists. At step 718, client
application 119 may determine that no sole partial direct match
relationship exists. At step 722, client application 119 may
determine that no complete synonymous relationship exists. At step
726, client application 119 may determine that no partial
synonymous--partial ontological relationship exists. At step 730,
client application 119 may determine that no sole partial
synonymous relationship exists. At step 734, client application 119
may determine that no complete ontological relationship exists.
At step 738, client application 119 may determine that a sole
partial ontological relationship exists between actionable task
"fixing car" associated with activity stream update 1323 of
Participant A and actionable task "sailing schooner" associated
with the client. Specifically, client application 119 may determine
that no relationship exists between action verb "fixing" of the
actionable task associated with activity stream update 1323 and
action verb "sailing" of the actionable task associated with the
client. However, client may determine that an ontological
relationship exists between the object "car" of the actionable task
associated with activity stream update 1323 and the object
"schooner" of the actionable task associated with the client. Such
ontological relationship may be determined by consulting ontology
161 including ontology tree 1100 as illustrated in FIG. 11.
Accordingly, at step 740 client application 119 may increase the
relevancy score by a ninth amount. For purposes of this example,
magnitude of the ninth amount for a sole partial ontological
relationship is assumed to be 3 for one degree of separation, 2 for
two degrees of separation, and 1 for three degrees of separation.
Client application 119 may determine three degrees of separation
between the objects "car" and "schooner", as there are three
branches in ontology tree 1100 between node 1115 representing
category "car" and node 1125 representing category "schooner".
Thus, at step 740 client application 119 may increase the relevancy
score by a ninth amount of 1 based on the determined ontological
relationship with three degrees of separation, such that the
relevancy score is adjusted to 16.
Having calculated the relevancy score of 16 for Participant A
according to the methods 600 and 700, client application 119 may
adjust visibility level of the profile of Participant A within
social networking interface 121 according to the method 800. For
purposes of this example scenario, the first predefined threshold
value according to the method 800 is assumed to be 10, and the
second predefined threshold value is assumed to be 5. Moreover, for
this example it is assumed that a participant profile is to be
increased one visibility level or decreased one visibility level
according to the method 800. Additionally, for this example it is
assumed that adjusting visibility level of a participant profile
entails increasing or decreasing border color intensity around the
thumbnail image representing the participant in participant
identification section 905.
For this example scenario, at step 805 client application 119 may
determine that the calculated relevancy score of 16 for Participant
A is greater than the first predefined value of 10. Thus, at step
810 client application 119 may increase the visibility level of the
profile of Participant A one visibility level. Specifically, client
application 119 may increase the degree of border color intensity
around the thumbnail image of Participant A in participant
identification section 905 to one degree higher than the current
predefined degree. Illustratively, the border color intensity
around the thumbnail image for Participant A in participant
identification section 905 of FIG. 13 is increased to a degree
assumed to be one degree higher than the border color intensity
around the thumbnail image for Participant A in participant
identification section 905 of FIG. 9. Thus, as illustrated in FIG.
13, the prominence of the profile of Participant A has been
increased based on activity stream update 1323.
Furthermore, for purposes of this example, a predefined actionable
task threshold value is assumed to be 12. Since the calculated
relevancy score of 16 exceeds the actionable task threshold value,
client application 119 may include a caption 1325 adjacent to the
thumbnail image for Participant A in participant identification
section 905. As illustrated in FIG. 13, caption 1325 includes
natural language of activity stream update 1323 of Participant A.
Accordingly, natural language including the actionable tasks
associated with activity stream update 1323 is prominently
displayed in participant identification section 905, reflecting the
relatively high relevance of activity stream update 1323.
According to the various embodiments described herein, prominence
of a profile of a participant in a social networking interface may
be adjusted according to the relevance of an activity stream update
of the participant. By adjusting a participant profile based on
relevance of updates rather than mere timing or frequency of
updates, a social networking interface may display material more
consistent with client needs or preferences.
While the foregoing description is directed to various embodiments,
such description is not intended to limit the scope of the
invention. All kinds of modifications made to the described
embodiments and equivalent arrangements should fall within the
protected scope of the invention. Hence, the scope of the invention
should be explained most widely according to the claims that follow
in connection with the detailed description, and should cover all
the possibly equivalent variations and equivalent arrangements.
Accordingly, further embodiments may be devised without departing
from the basic scope of the invention.
* * * * *