U.S. patent number 10,820,977 [Application Number 15/660,817] was granted by the patent office on 2020-11-03 for method and apparatus for administering supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient conditions using a veterinary hyperbaric chamber.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sechrist Industries, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is Sechrist Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Danny Bruce Hudson, Ronald Lyman, Deepak Ambalal Talati, Teofilo Raymund G. Tan, III.
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United States Patent |
10,820,977 |
Talati , et al. |
November 3, 2020 |
Method and apparatus for administering supplemental oxygen therapy
at ambient conditions using a veterinary hyperbaric chamber
Abstract
A system and method of administrating conventional hyperbaric
chamber therapy as well as supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient
conditions to an animal using a veterinary hyperbaric chamber. The
hyperbaric chamber can function in its usual mode of operation;
i.e., providing oxygen at greater than atmospheric pressure and
also in a second mode of operation to administer supplemental
oxygen thereafter at ambient pressure conditions. In the second
mode of operation, the method and apparatus may deliver
approximately 80 liters per minute continuous flow of 0.21 through
1.0 FI02 adjustable oxygen gas mixture. The mixture is delivered at
ambient pressure from one end of the chamber, flows across the
animal positioned within the hyperbaric chamber, and exits at the
opposite end for exhaust to ambient conditions. A high flow gas
mixture is utilized to maintain accurate gas mixture concentrations
with fluctuating supply pressures of medical air and medical oxygen
gases.
Inventors: |
Talati; Deepak Ambalal (Yorba
Linda, CA), Hudson; Danny Bruce (Perris, CA), Tan, III;
Teofilo Raymund G. (Anaheim, CA), Lyman; Ronald (Fort
Pierce, FL) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Sechrist Industries, Inc. |
Anaheim |
CA |
US |
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Assignee: |
Sechrist Industries, Inc.
(Anaheim, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005154542 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/660,817 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20180028299 A1 |
Feb 1, 2018 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62369656 |
Aug 1, 2016 |
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62399681 |
Sep 26, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
10/026 (20130101); A61D 7/00 (20130101); A61D
7/04 (20130101); A62B 31/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61D
7/00 (20060101); A61G 10/02 (20060101); A62B
31/00 (20060101); A61D 7/04 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
www.hvmed.com; "The hvm Advantage--Originators of the Small-Animal
Veterinary Hyperbaric Chamber"; Oct. 9, 2017; 1 page. cited by
applicant .
www/plas-labs.com; "Lab C02/Vacuum Chambers"; Oct. 9, 2017; 3
pages. cited by applicant .
www.snydermfg.com; "Intensive Care Units (ICU)"; Oct. 9, 2017; 4
pages. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Stanis; Timothy A
Assistant Examiner: Tran; Thao
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stetina Brunda Garred and
Brucker
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. No. 62/369,656, filed Aug. 1, 2016, and U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 62/399,681, filed Sep. 26, 2016, the contents
of both of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multi-mode, veterinary therapy chamber device comprising: a
housing including a therapy chamber; an oxygen inlet connectable to
a source of pressurized oxygen; an air inlet connectable to a
source of pressurized air; a master control valve connectable to
the oxygen inlet to receive pressurized oxygen therefrom, the
master control valve being transitional between at least a first
position and a second position; and a fluid delivery network
connected to the master control valve and the therapy chamber, the
fluid delivery network having a first passageway and a second
passageway both of which extend from the master control valve so as
to receive fluid from the master control valve; when the master
control valve is in the first position, the first passageway is in
fluid communication with the oxygen inlet and is fluidly isolated
from the air inlet, and the second passageway is fluidly isolated
from both the oxygen inlet and air inlet to facilitate delivery of
oxygen to the therapy chamber along the first passageway; when the
master control valve is in the second position, the first
passageway is fluidly isolated from both the oxygen inlet and the
air inlet, and the second passageway is in fluid communication with
the oxygen inlet and the air inlet to facilitate a mixture of
oxygen and air to the therapy chamber alone the second
passageway.
2. The device recited in claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery
network includes a mixer fluidly connectable to the oxygen inlet
and the air inlet when the fluid delivery network is in the second
operational mode, the mixer being operative to facilitate varying a
ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture delivered to the therapy
chamber.
3. The device recited in claim 2, wherein the mixer includes: a
mixer air inlet; a mixer oxygen inlet; a pressure balancing chamber
in communication with the mixer air inlet and the mixer oxygen
inlet; a diaphragm extending through the pressure balancing
chamber; an air valve body coupled to the diaphragm, the air valve
body being sized and positioned to control fluid flow from the
mixer air inlet to the pressure balancing chamber; and an oxygen
valve body coupled to the diaphragm, the oxygen valve body being
sized and positioned to control fluid flow from the mixer oxygen
inlet to the pressure balancing chamber.
4. The device recited in claim 3, wherein the mixer further
includes: a mixing chamber in communication with the pressure
balancing chamber; and a valve body moveable relative to the mixing
chamber, the valve body being sized and structured to vary the
ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture exiting the mixing chamber
for delivery to the therapy chamber.
5. The device recited in claim 4, wherein the mixer includes a
mixer housing and the valve body includes at least one tapered
surface which interfaces with the mixer housing for varying the
ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture exiting the mixing chamber
for delivery to the therapy chamber.
6. The device recited in claim 3, wherein the mixer further
includes an alarm in fluid communication with the mixer air inlet
and the mixer oxygen inlet, the alarm generating an alarm signal in
response to fluid pressure at one of the mixer air inlet and the
mixer oxygen inlet falling below a prescribed threshold.
7. The device recited in claim 2, wherein the fluid delivery
network includes: a first oxygen valve in fluid communication with
the oxygen inlet; a second oxygen valve in fluid communication with
the oxygen inlet and the mixer; and an air valve in fluid
communication with the air inlet and the mixer; in the first
operational mode, the first oxygen valve being open to allow
pressurized oxygen to flow therethrough, and the second oxygen
valve and air valve both being closed to prevent fluid flow
therethrough; in the second operational mode, the first oxygen
valve being closed to prevent fluid flow therethrough, and the
second oxygen valve and air valve both being open to allow
pressurized oxygen and pressurized air to flow through the second
oxygen valve and the air valve, respectively.
8. The device recited in claim 7, wherein the first oxygen valve,
second oxygen valve, and air valve are normally closed, and are
capable of being transitioned to respective open positions in
response to a pressurized control fluid being applied thereto.
9. The device recited in claim 1, further comprising a fluid
control passageway extending between the master control valve and
at least one of the oxygen inlet and the air inlet.
10. The device recited in claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery
network includes an alarm operative to generate an alarm signal in
response to a fluid pressure within the fluid delivery network
falling below a prescribed threshold.
11. The device recited in claim 1, further comprising a relief
valve in communication with the fluid delivery network, the relief
valve being operative to exhaust fluid from the fluid delivery
network in response to a fluid pressure in the fluid delivery
network exceeding a prescribed threshold.
12. The device recited in claim 11, wherein the prescribed
threshold is 35 PSI.
13. The device recited in claim 1, further comprising a vent valve
downstream of the therapy chamber, the vent valve being normally
closed and operative to open to vent fluid from the therapy
chamber.
14. A multi-mode, veterinary therapy chamber device comprising: a
housing including a therapy chamber; an oxygen inlet connectable to
a source of pressurized oxygen; an air inlet connectable to a
source of pressurized air; a control conduit in communication with
the oxygen inlet to receive pressurized oxygen therefrom; a master
control valve in communication with the control conduit to receive
pressurized oxygen therefrom, the master control valve being
transitional between at least a first position and a second
position; a first passageway and a second passageway both fluidly
connected to the master control valve and the therapy chamber; when
the master control valve is in the first position, the master
control valve directs pressurized oxygen from the control conduit
to the first passageway and the first passageway is fluidly
isolated from the air inlet to facilitate delivery of oxygen to the
therapy chamber along the first passageway, and the second
passageway is fluidly isolated from both the oxygen inlet and air
inlet; when the master control valve is in the second position, the
master control valve directs pressurized oxygen from the control
conduit to the second passageway, and the second passageway
receives pressurized air from the air inlet to facilitate delivery
of a mixture of pressurized oxygen and air to the therapy chamber,
and the first passageway is fluidly isolated from both the oxygen
inlet and the air inlet.
15. The device recited in claim 14, further comprising a normally
closed oxygen valve that is pneumatically actuated from a closed
position to an open position in response to the master control
valve assuming its second position.
16. The device recited in claim 15, further comprising a normally
closed air valve that is pneumatically actuated from a closed
position to an open position in response to the master control
valve assuming its second position.
17. The device recited in claim 16, further comprising a mixer
disposable in communication with the air inlet and the oxygen inlet
and downstream of both the oxygen valve and the air valve to
receive pressurized air and pressurized oxygen from the air inlet
and the oxygen inlet when the master control valve assumes its
second position.
18. The device recited in claim 17, wherein the mixer includes: a
mixer air inlet; a mixer oxygen inlet; a pressure balancing chamber
in communication with the mixer air inlet and the mixer oxygen
inlet; a diaphragm extending through the pressure balancing
chamber; an air valve body coupled to the diaphragm, the air valve
body being sized and positioned to control fluid flow from the
mixer air inlet to the pressure balancing chamber; and an oxygen
valve body coupled to the diaphragm, the oxygen valve body being
sized and positioned to control fluid flow from the mixer oxygen
inlet to the pressure balancing chamber.
19. The device recited in claim 18, wherein the mixer further
includes: a mixing chamber in communication with the pressure
balancing chamber; and a valve body moveable relative to the mixing
chamber, the valve body being sized and structured to vary the
ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture exiting the mixing chamber
for delivery to the therapy chamber.
20. The device recited in claim 19, wherein the mixer includes a
mixer housing and the valve body includes at least one tapered
surface which interfaces with the mixer housing for varying the
ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture exiting the mixing chamber
for delivery to the therapy chamber.
Description
STATEMENT RE: FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to veterinary treatment,
and more specifically to a dual-purpose veterinary device capable
of performing hyperbaric veterinary therapy, as well as
supplemental oxygen therapy.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hyperbaric medical therapy is well known and has been used to treat
human medical conditions for decades. In general, hyperbaric
therapies refer to medical treatments in which the pressure applied
to the patient is greater than sea level atmospheric pressure.
Hyperbaric therapy typically entails placing a patient inside a
pressure chamber and delivering oxygen under pressure into the
chamber. Exemplary human medical conditions for which hyperbaric
therapies may be used for treatment include air or gas embolism,
carbon monoxide poisoning, thermal burns, compromised skin grafts
and flaps, central retinal arty occlusion, and decompression
sickness.
Given the success of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in humans, there has
been a recent trend to use hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat pets
and animals. For instance, hyperbaric oxygen therapies have been
used to treat burns, snake bites, and diskospondylitis, among other
ailments, in pets. Such veterinary hyperbaric therapies are
typically performed in a dedicated hyperbaric chamber, which is
designed for the sole purpose of performing hyperbaric
treatments.
In addition to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, oftentimes in
veterinarian applications, it is necessary to delivery an
adjustable amount of an enriched oxygen gas mixture to the animal.
However, the delivery of such enriched oxygen gas to animals is
typically very troublesome and requires the use of masks, hoods,
cannulas, or cages for proper administration.
As such, there is a need in the art for an improved method and
apparatus for performing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as
delivering adjustable quantities of enriched oxygen gas mixture to
an animal without the need for use of troublesome masks, hoods,
cannulas, and the like. Various aspects of the present disclosure
address this particular need, as will be discussed in more detail
below.
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present disclosure comprises a unique system and method of
administrating conventional hyperbaric chamber therapy as well as
supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient conditions to an animal
using a veterinary hyperbaric chamber. The hyperbaric chamber can
function in its usual mode of operation; i.e., providing oxygen at
greater than atmospheric pressure and also in a second mode of
operation to administer supplemental oxygen thereafter at ambient
pressure conditions. In the second mode of operation, the method
and apparatus may deliver approximately 80 liters per minute
continuous flow of 0.21 through 1.0 FI02 adjustable oxygen gas
mixture. The mixture is delivered at ambient pressure from one end
of the chamber, flows across the animal positioned within the
hyperbaric chamber, and exits at the opposite end for exhaust to
ambient conditions. A high flow gas mixer is utilized to maintain
accurate gas mixture concentrations with fluctuating supply
pressures of medical air and medical oxygen gases.
The system and method may also allow for operation in an emergency
mode, wherein fluid in the chamber is vented therefrom. The
emergency mode may be actuated by a through a single actuation
mechanism, e.g., a shutdown switch, or by simultaneous actuation of
multiple actuation mechanisms. The emergency mode may be actuated
only when the system and method is operating in a hyperbaric
operational mode.
The system may also incorporate an alarm/bypass module which
monitors gas supply pressures, sounds an alarm, and bypasses the
remaining gas supply in the event of a supply gas failure. The
alarm/bypass module may be operational only in a free flow
mode.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a multi-mode,
veterinary therapy chamber device comprising a housing including a
therapy chamber, an oxygen inlet connectable to a source of
pressurized oxygen, and an air inlet connectable to a source of
pressurized air. A fluid delivery network is connected to the
oxygen inlet, the air inlet and the therapy chamber. The fluid
delivery network is selectively transitional between at least two
different operational modes including a first operational mode
wherein the fluid delivery network establishes fluid communication
between the oxygen inlet and the therapy chamber, and isolates the
air inlet from the therapy chamber to facilitate delivery of
pressurized oxygen into the therapy chamber, and a second
operational mode wherein the fluid delivery network establishes
fluid communication between the oxygen inlet and the therapy
chamber and the air inlet and the therapy chamber to facilitate
delivery of a mixture of oxygen and air to the therapy chamber.
The fluid delivery network may include a mixer fluidly connectable
to the oxygen inlet and the air inlet when the fluid delivery
network is in the second operational mode. The mixer may be
operative to facilitate varying a ratio of oxygen-to-air in the
mixture delivered to the therapy chamber. The mixer may include a
mixer air inlet, a mixer oxygen inlet, and a pressure balancing
chamber in communication with the mixer air inlet and the mixer
oxygen inlet. A diaphragm may extend through the pressure balancing
chamber, and an air valve body may be coupled to the diaphragm,
with the air valve body being sized and positioned to control fluid
flow from the mixer air inlet to the pressure balancing chamber. An
oxygen valve body may be coupled to the diaphragm, with the oxygen
valve body being sized and positioned to control fluid flow from
the mixer oxygen inlet to the pressure balancing chamber. The mixer
may further include a mixing chamber in communication with the
pressure balancing chamber. A valve body may be moveable relative
to the mixing chamber, with the valve body being sized and
structured to vary the ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture
exiting the mixing chamber for delivery to the therapy chamber. The
mixer may additionally include a mixer housing and the valve body
may include at least one tapered surface which interfaces with the
mixer housing for varying the ratio of oxygen-to-air in the mixture
exiting the mixing chamber for delivery to the therapy chamber.
The mixer may also include an alarm in fluid communication with the
mixer air inlet and the mixer oxygen inlet, with the alarm
generating an alarm signal in response to fluid pressure at one of
the mixer air inlet and the mixer oxygen inlet falling below a
prescribed threshold.
The fluid delivery network may include a first oxygen valve in
fluid communication with the oxygen inlet, a second oxygen valve in
fluid communication with the oxygen inlet and the mixer, and an air
valve in fluid communication with the air inlet and the mixer. In
the first operational mode, the first oxygen valve may be open to
allow pressurized oxygen to flow therethrough, and the second
oxygen valve and air valve both being closed to prevent fluid flow
therethrough. In the second operational mode, the first oxygen
valve may be closed to prevent fluid flow therethrough, and the
second oxygen valve and air valve may both be open to allow
pressurized oxygen and pressurized air to flow through the second
oxygen valve and the air valve, respectively. The first oxygen
valve, second oxygen valve, and air valve may be normally closed,
and are capable of being transitioned to respective open positions
in response to a pressurized control fluid being applied
thereto.
The device may additionally comprise a fluid control network in
fluid communication with the fluid delivery network and at least
one of the oxygen inlet and the air inlet. The fluid control
network may be operative to receive pressurized fluid from the at
least one of the oxygen inlet and the air inlet and implement
transition between the at least two different operational modes of
the fluid delivery network. The device may further comprise a
master control valve in operative communication with the fluid
control network. The master control valve may be transitional
between a first position and a second position, the first position
being associated with the first operational mode and the second
position being associated with the second operational mode.
The fluid delivery network may include an alarm operative to
generate an alarm signal in response to a fluid pressure within the
fluid delivery network falling below a prescribed threshold. The
alarm may be operational only in a free flow mode.
The device may include a relief valve in communication with the
fluid delivery network, the relief valve being operative to exhaust
fluid from the fluid delivery network in response to a fluid
pressure in the fluid delivery network exceeding a prescribed
threshold. The prescribed threshold may be 35 PSI.
The device may include a vent valve downstream of the therapy
chamber, the vent valve being normally closed and operative to open
to vent fluid from the therapy chamber.
According to yet another embodiment, there is provided a fluid
system for multi-mode veterinary chamber therapy. The fluid system
comprises an oxygen inlet and an air inlet. A first mode fluid
network is fluidly connectable to the oxygen inlet and a veterinary
therapy chamber, with the first mode fluid network being operative
to communicate oxygen from the oxygen inlet to the veterinary
therapy chamber. A second mode fluid network is fluidly connectable
with the oxygen inlet, the air inlet, and the veterinary therapy
chamber. The second mode network is operative to receive oxygen
from the oxygen inlet and air from the air inlet and deliver a
mixture of oxygen and air to the veterinary therapy chamber. A
controller is in operative communication with the first mode fluid
network and the second mode fluid network, with the controller
being operative to control delivery of fluid to the veterinary
therapy chamber via the first mode fluid network and the second
mode fluid network.
According to a further embodiment, there is provided a fluid
control method for multi-mode veterinary chamber therapy, the
method includes the step of opening a first mode passageway within
a fluid delivery network to operate the fluid delivery network in a
first operational mode wherein the fluid delivery network delivers
pressurized oxygen from a pressurized oxygen source to a therapy
chamber. The method further includes opening a second mode
passageway within the fluid delivery network to operate the fluid
delivery network in a second operational mode wherein the fluid
delivery network delivers a mixture of pressurized oxygen and air
to the therapy chamber.
The method may include the step of opening a vent passageway to
vent fluid from the therapy chamber.
The first mode passageway may be associated with at least one first
mode valve and the second mode passageway may be associated with at
least one second mode valve, and the method may further include the
steps of applying fluid pressure to the at least one first mode
valve to open the first mode passageway, and applying fluid
pressure to the at least one second mode valve to open the second
mode passageway.
The method may additionally include mixing oxygen and air flowing
through the second mode passageway prior to delivery to the therapy
chamber.
The present disclosure will be best understood by reference to the
following detailed description when read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the various embodiments
disclosed herein will be better understood with respect to the
following description and drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a dual-mode veterinary
hyperbaric chamber of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a fluid circuit schematic diagram for the dual-mode
veterinary hyperbaric chamber of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a high flow gas mixture mixer utilized
with the dual-mode veterinary hyperbaric chamber;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the high flow gas mixture mixer depicted
in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the high flow gas mixture mixer taken from
an opposite perspective from that shown in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the gas mixture mixer of the
present disclosure.
Common reference numerals are used throughout the drawings and the
detailed description to indicate the same elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the
appended drawings is intended as a description of certain
embodiments of a dual-mode veterinary hyperbaric chamber and is not
intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or
utilized. The description sets forth the various structure and/or
functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments, but it is
to be understood, however, that the same or equivalent structure
and/or functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that
are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present
disclosure. It is further understood that the use of relational
terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to
distinguish one entity from another without necessarily requiring
or implying any actual such relationship or order between such
entities.
The present disclosure comprises an improved hyperbaric chamber
which is specifically adapted for veterinarian use. Those skilled
in the art recognize that conventional hyperbaric chambers are
currently being utilized for the treatment of many medical
conditions. Such hyperbaric chambers are utilized to provide
hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is the clinical treatment where a
patient/animal breathes while enclosed in a hyperbaric oxygen
chamber at pressure values generally 2-3 times greater than
atmospheric pressure. The patients/animals are placed in the
hyperbaric chamber and typically breathe 100% oxygen while exposed
to elevated ambient pressures. As an application of an established
technology, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is helping to resolve a
growing number of difficult, and expensive to treat medical
conditions.
The present disclosure extends the use of hyperbaric chambers to
the veterinarian field and with modification of a conventional
hyperbaric chamber to provide a first conventional hyperbaric mode
of operation to deliver oxygen to a patient/animal at pressures
above ambient pressure and as second mode of operation comprising a
method of administering variable supplemental oxygen therapy at
ambient pressure conditions to a patient/animal. As such, the
hyperbaric chamber described herein may be used to more easily
deliver an adjustable amount of an enriched oxygen gas mixture to
the animal, without the use of masks, hoods, cannulas, or
cages.
Referring to FIG. 1, an improved hyperbaric chamber 1 adapted for
veterinary use is depicted. The hyperbaric chamber 1 includes a
chamber housing 10, which includes a front door 12, a rear end
panel 14, and a control system 16 to control either conventional
hyperbaric chamber operation or a unique method of administrating
supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient conditions through the
interior of the chamber housing 10. A patient/animal gurney 20 is
preferably provided which can be stored within the lower section of
the hyperbaric chamber 1 and be utilized to lift the patient/animal
to a proper elevation for entry through the door 12 into the
interior of the chamber housing 10.
A schematic of the control system for selectively administering
hyperbaric treatment or supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient
conditions within the chamber 1 is shown in FIG. 2. As shown, the
system includes an oxygen inlet as well as a separate air inlet,
both of which are preferably provided under a pressure of 50-70
pounds per square inch. The control system includes several control
valves between the oxygen inlet and air inlet, as well as a master
control valve 22 to selectively switch between the various
operational modes, including FREE FLOW mode (i.e., oxygen therapy
mode), HYPERBARIC mode, or EMERGENCY mode.
The control system includes a built-in failsafe, which ensures that
the door 12 to the chamber housing 10 is closed before pressurized
fluid is delivered into the chamber housing 10. In this regard, the
system blocks the air inlet and oxygen inlet from the chamber
housing 10 when the door 12 is open. This built-in failsafe
utilizes door interlock 24, which is fluidly connected to the
oxygen inlet via conduit 26, as well as being operatively coupled
to door 12. The door interlock 24 is configured such that when the
door 12 is closed, the conduit 26 is placed in fluid communication
with conduit 28, via the door interlock 24. Conversely, when the
door 12 is open, conduit 28 is fluidly isolated from conduit 26. In
this regard, conduit 28 only receives pressurized fluid from the
oxygen inlet when the door 12 is closed.
Conduit 28 is connected to the door interlock 24 on one end, and
the master valve 22 on the other end, with conduit 28 functioning
as a pneumatic control supply conduit, which provides pressurized
fluid, e.g., oxygen, to the master valve 22 for purposes of
providing pneumatic control throughout the system. In this regard,
the control system includes several pressure actuated valves which
are controlled by opening and closing various pneumatic control
conduits emanating from the master valve 22. A free flow control
conduit extends between the master valve 28 and a mixer air on/off
valve 32 as well as a mixer oxygen on/off valve 34. The free flow
control conduit includes a first segment 36, which then branches
into a second segment 38 and a third segment 40. The first segment
36 extends from the master valve 22, while the second segment 38
leads to the mixer air on/off valve 32 and the third segment 40
leads to the mixer oxygen on/off valve 34. A hyperbaric control
conduit 42 extends between the master valve 22 and a 3-way valve
44, which in turn is connected to an oxygen on/off valve 46 via
interconnecting conduit 48. An emergency control conduit 50 extends
from the master valve 22 and is used during an EMERGENCY mode, as
will be described in more detail below.
The master valve 22 is selectively positionable in four different
positions, namely an OFF position, a FREE FLOW position, an ON
position (i.e., hyperbaric operation position), and an EMERGENCY
VENT position, with each position being associated with a different
operational mode. When the master valve 22 is in the OFF position,
the system is considered to be in an OFF mode, with the pressurized
control fluid being blocked from pneumatic control conduits 36, 42,
50 by the master valve 22. As such, no oxygen or air is delivered
from their respective inlets to the chamber housing 10. When the
master valve 22 is in the FREE FLOW position, the system is
considered to be in a FREE FLOW mode, wherein a mixture of oxygen
and air are delivered into the chamber housing 10 for ventilation
therapy. When the master valve 22 is in the ON position, the system
is considered to be in a HYPERBARIC mode, wherein oxygen is
delivered into the chamber housing 10 for hyperbaric therapy. In
the HYPERBARIC mode, the air inlet may be isolated from the chamber
housing 10. When the master valve 22 is in the EMERGENCY VENT
position, the system is considered to be in a VENT mode, wherein
fluid within the chamber housing 10 may be vented, such as may be
required in an emergency condition. Each operational mode will now
be described in more detail below.
When the system is in the FREE FLOW mode, the master valve 22
routes the pressurized control fluid received from conduit 28 into
the first segment 36 of the free flow control conduit. The
pressurized fluid is then divided into the second and third
segments 38, 40 of the free flow control conduit. The pressurized
fluid in the second segment 38 applies pressure to the
normally-closed mixer air on/off valve 32, which causes the mixer
air on/off valve 32 to open. When the mixer air on/off valve 32
opens, it allows pressurized air from the air inlet to flow through
conduit 52, which extends between the mixer air on/off valve 32 and
a hi-flow mixer 54, thereby allowing pressurized air to flow into
hi-flow mixer 54. Similarly, the pressurized fluid in the third
segment 40 applies pressure to the normally-closed mixer oxygen
on/off valve 34, which causes the mixer oxygen on/off valve 34 to
open. When the mixer oxygen on/off valve 34 opens, it allows
pressurized oxygen from the oxygen inlet to flow through conduit
56, which extends between the mixer oxygen on/off valve 34 and the
hi-flow mixer 54, thereby allowing pressurized oxygen to flow into
hi-flow mixer 54. The mixer air on/off valve 32 and mixer oxygen
on/off valve 34 are both configured such that when pressure is not
applied to the valves 32, 34 via the respective conduits 38, 40,
the valves 32, 34 are closed to prevent air and oxygen,
respectively, from flowing therethrough.
The hi-flow mixer 54 outputs a mixture of air and oxygen through
conduit 58. According to one embodiment, the hi-flow mixer 54
allows an adjustable mixing of the air and oxygen which is supplied
to conduit 56. Although the hi-flow mixer 54 is shown schematically
in FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment of the hi-flow mixer 54 is shown
in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 and a more detailed schematic of the hi-flow
mixer 54 is depicted in FIG. 6. The output of the hi-flow mixer 54
is controlled via a proportioning module shown in FIG. 6.
Referring now specifically to FIG. 6, the following discussion will
focus on an exemplary embodiment of the hi-flow mixer 54. In
general, the hi-flow mixer 54 includes a pressure balancing module
55, a proportioning module 57, and an alarm module 59. The pressure
balancing module 55 includes a housing having an air inlet 61
fluidly connectable to conduit 52, and an oxygen inlet 63 fluidly
connectable to conduit 56. An air inlet passageway 69 is in
communication with the air inlet 61 and an oxygen inlet passageway
71 is in communication with the oxygen inlet 63. The mixer 54
includes a pair of filters 65, with each filter 65 being located in
a respective inlet passageway 69, 71 to filter debris which may be
possibly flowing in the air or oxygen entering the mixer 54. The
mixer 54 additionally includes a pair of check valves 67, with each
check valve 67 being in fluid communication with a respective inlet
61, 63 and downstream of the corresponding filter 65 and operative
to prevent backflow through the respective inlet 61, 63. According
to one embodiment the check valves 67 are made of a silicon
material, although other materials known in the art may also be
used.
The air inlet passageway 69 is in communication with an air chamber
73 and the oxygen inlet passageway 71 is in communication with an
oxygen chamber 75. The air chamber 73 and oxygen chamber 75 are
both in communication with a central chamber 77 having an air
region 79 and an oxygen region 81. A flexible diaphragm 83 extends
across the central chamber 77 and separates the air region 79 from
the oxygen region 81. The diaphragm 83 is flexible to reduce the
pressure differential between the air and oxygen. Along these
lines, the diaphragm 83 is connected to an air valve body 85 and an
oxygen valve body 87, which move with the diaphragm 83. The air
valve body 85 includes a tapered surface adapted to interface with
an air valve seat 89, while the oxygen valve body 87 includes a
tapered surface adapted to interface with an oxygen air seat 91.
When either one of the tapered surfaces is seated against the
corresponding valve seat, fluid is restricted from flowing into the
central chamber from the corresponding air or oxygen chambers 73,
75. However, when the tapered surfaces are spaced from the
corresponding valve seats, fluid may flow from the corresponding
air or oxygen chambers 73, 75 into the central chamber 77. The
tapered configuration allows for a variation in the size of the
respective passageways extending between the air and oxygen
chambers 73 and the central chamber 77 to allow for variation in
the amount of air and oxygen flowing into the central chamber 77.
In this regard, if the pressure within the air portion 79 is
greater than the pressure in the oxygen portion 81, the diaphragm
83 will be biased toward the oxygen chamber 75, which moves the
oxygen valve body 87 away from the oxygen valve seat 91, thus,
allowing more oxygen to flow into the central chamber 77.
Furthermore, such movement also causes the air valve body 85 to
move toward the air valve seat 89, thereby reducing the amount of
air that flows into the central chamber 77. Therefore, with more
oxygen flowing into the central chamber 77 and less air flowing
into the central chamber 77, the pressure differential will be
reduced.
Conversely, if the pressure within the oxygen portion 81 is greater
than the pressure in the air portion 79, the diaphragm 83 will be
biased toward the air chamber 73, which moves the air valve body 85
away from the air valve seat 89, thus, allowing more air to flow
into the central chamber 77. Furthermore, such movement also causes
the oxygen valve body 87 to move toward the oxygen valve seat 91,
thereby reducing the amount of oxygen that flows into the central
chamber 77. Therefore, with more air flowing into the central
chamber 77 and less oxygen flowing into the central chamber 77, the
pressure differential will be reduced.
The fluid in the central chamber 77 exits through a pair of exit
passageways; namely, an air exit passageway 93 extending from the
air portion 79, and an oxygen exit passageway 95 extending from the
oxygen portion 81. The exit passageways 93, 95 extend between the
pressure balancing module 55 and the proportioning module 57. The
proportioning module 57 includes a central mixing chamber 97, an
air inlet chamber 99, and an oxygen inlet chamber 101. The air
inlet chamber 99 receives air from the air exit passageway 93 and
the oxygen inlet chamber 101 receives oxygen from the oxygen exit
passageway 97. Both the air inlet chamber 99 and the oxygen inlet
chamber 101 are in communication with the central mixing chamber
97. Conduit 58 extends from the central mixing chamber 97 and
functions as an exit passageway therefrom. The proportioning module
57 further includes a valve body 103 extending through the oxygen
inlet chamber 101, central mixing chamber 97 and the air inlet
chamber 99. The valve body 103 includes a several tapered regions
specifically configured and adapted to enable control over the
amount of fluid flow into the central mixing chamber 97 from a
respective one of the air inlet chamber 99 and the oxygen inlet
chamber 101. In particular, a first tapered region 105 and a second
tapered region 107 are located on opposed sides of a first narrow
segment 109. The second tapered regions 107 is configured such that
the diameter thereof increases as the second tapered region 107
extends away from the first narrow segment 109 so as to enable
control over the size of the opening defined by valve seat 119. The
first tapered region 105 may also have a variable diameter to
induce desirable flow characteristics over the valve body 103.
Similarly, a third tapered region 111 and a fourth tapered region
113 are located on opposed sides of a second narrow segment 115.
The third and fourth tapered regions 111, 113 are configured such
that the diameter of the tapered regions increase as each tapered
region 111, 113 extends away from the second narrow segment
115.
The valve body 103 is configured to translate along axis 116
relative to a proportioning housing 117 to control the amount of
air and oxygen leaving the proportioning module 57 through the
outlet conduit 58. From the perspective shown in FIG. 6, as the
valve body 103 moves to the left, the tapered surface 107 is
brought closer to valve seat 119 to reduce the size of the gap
between the air inlet chamber 99 and the central mixing chamber 97.
Such leftward movement also results in second narrow segment 115
being brought into alignment with valve seat 121 to increase the
size of the gap between the oxygen inlet chamber 101 and central
mixing chamber 97. Accordingly, the result of the leftward movement
is that more oxygen is allowed to flow into the central mixing
chamber 97 and less air is allowed to flow into the central mixing
chamber 97.
Conversely, as the valve body 103 moves to the right, the first
narrow segment 109 is brought into alignment with valve seat 119 to
increase the size of the gap between the air inlet chamber 99 and
the central mixing chamber 97. Furthermore, the tapered surface 11
is moved toward valve seat 121 to decrease the size of the gap
between the oxygen inlet chamber 101 and the central mixing chamber
97. Accordingly, the result of the rightward movement is that more
air is allowed to flow into the central mixing chamber 97, while
less oxygen is allowed to move into the central mixing chamber
97.
According to one embodiment, the valve body 103 is coupled on one
end to a dial 123 and on another end to a spring 125. The spring
125 biases the valve body 103 toward the dial 123. The dial 123 is
engaged to with the proportioning housing 117 via a threaded
engagement, such that rotation of the dial 123 in a first
rotational direction results in the valve body 103 moving in a
first axial direction, and rotation of the dial 123 in a second
rotational direction results in the valve body 103 moving in a
second axial direction.
As noted above, certain embodiments of the hi-flow mixer 54 include
an alarm module 59 to provide a signal when the pressure of the air
and/or the oxygen falls below a prescribed threshold. In the
exemplary embodiment the signal is an audible signal, although it
is understood that the signal may also be visual.
The alarm module 59 includes an alarm housing 127 to which is
coupled an air inlet 129 and an oxygen inlet 131. The air inlet 129
receives air from air inlet 61, and the oxygen inlet 131 receives
oxygen from the oxygen inlet 63. Inside of the alarm housing 127
are two valve chambers 133, 135, each being segregated into three
regions. In particular, valve chamber 133 is segregated into first
end region 137, second end region 139 and intermediate region 141.
Similarly, valve chamber 135 is segregated into first end region
143, second end region 145, and intermediate region 147. The
separation of the various regions is achieved via o-rings or other
sealing elements coupled to respective valve bodies 149, 151
located within the valve chambers 133, 135. The first end region
135 of valve chamber 133 is in fluid communication with the second
end region 145 of valve chamber 135 via passageway 153. Likewise,
first end region 143 of valve chamber 135 is in fluid communication
with the second end region 139 of valve chamber 133 via passageway
155.
When the air inlet 129 is supplied with pressurized air, the first
end region 137 of valve chamber 133 and the second end region 145
of valve chamber 135 are both pressurized with air. Similarly, when
the oxygen inlet 131 is supplied with pressurized oxygen, the first
end region 143 of valve chamber 135 and second end region 139 of
valve chamber 133 are both pressurized with oxygen. The opposing
pressures on opposite sides of the valve bodies 149, 151 stabilizes
the valve bodies 149, 151, and thus, the valve bodies 149, 151
remain in the positions shown in FIG. 6. Importantly, the oxygen
and air remain fluidly isolated from an alarm passageway 157
coupled to alarm reed 159.
However, should pressure loss of the air or oxygen occur, fluid
would pass over the alarm reed 159, providing an audible alert to a
user indicating a loss of pressure. Should a loss of air pressure
occur, a pressure imbalance would be created which would result in
valve body 151 moving. In particular, the pressure in second end
chamber 145 would be smaller than the pressure in first end chamber
143, and thus, the valve body 151 would move upwardly from the
perspective shown in FIG. 6, thereby brining the first end chamber
143 into fluid communication with alarm passageway 157.
Accordingly, pressurized oxygen would flow over the alarm reed 159
to create the audible alert signal. Furthermore, pressurized oxygen
would flow through the intermediate chamber 141 and open spring
biased valve 161, thereby allowing oxygen to flow through alarm
outlet 163, which is connected to outlet conduit 58.
Should a loss of oxygen pressure occur, a pressure imbalance would
be created which would result in valve body 149 moving. In
particular, the pressure in second end chamber 139 would be smaller
than the pressure in first end chamber 137, and thus, the valve
body 149 would move upwardly from the perspective shown in FIG. 6,
thereby brining the first end chamber 137 into fluid communication
with alarm passageway 157. Accordingly, pressurized air would flow
over the alarm reed 159 to create the audible alert signal.
Furthermore, movement of valve body 149 would place the pressurized
air in communication with spring biased valve 161, which would
cause spring biased valve 161 to open and allow air to flow through
alarm outlet 163, which is connected to outlet conduit 58.
Referring now back to FIG. 2, the fluid exits the hi-flow mixer 54
through conduit 58, which connects with chamber inlet conduit 60.
The chamber inlet conduit 60 delivers pressurized fluid to the
chamber housing 10. A relief valve 62 is connected to the chamber
inlet conduit 60 via conduit 64 and is configured to direct fluid
to an exhaust via conduit 66 when the pressure in the inlet conduit
60 exceeds a prescribed pressure. In the exemplary embodiment, the
relief valve 62 is opened when pressure in the inlet conduit 60
exceeds 35 psi, although the pressure at which relief valve 62 may
open may vary, and thus, may be below 35 psi or above 35 psi
without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
disclosure.
The mixture of oxygen and air is delivered into the chamber housing
10 through the chamber inlet conduit 60 for ventilation therapy to
the animal. The mixture then exits the chamber housing 10 through
exit conduit 68, passes through exhaust pressure regulator 70 and
then passes through ventilation control 72 before exiting the
system via an exhaust. The exhaust pressure regulator 70 regulates
the pressure of the fluid exhausted from the chamber housing 10 for
controlling fluid flow and pressure within the chamber housing 10.
However, since fluid pressure within the chamber 10 is relatively
low during ventilation therapy, the exhaust pressure regulator 70
typically has little impact on the fluid flow during FREE FLOW
mode. The ventilation control 72 allows for control over the flow
rate of fluid exiting the system. For instance, the ventilation
control 72 may ensure that the fluid exiting the system is flowing
at a predetermined flow rate, which according to one embodiment,
may range anywhere from 80 liters/min-400 liters/min.
The system may be transitioned from the FREE FLOW mode to the
HYPERBARIC mode by transitioning the master valve 22 from the FREE
FLOW position to the HYPERBARIC position. Such a transition causes
the pressurized control fluid to be directed by the master valve 22
into the conduit 42. Accordingly, the free flow control conduit is
no longer pressurized when the master valve 22 is in the HYPERBARIC
mode, which causes the mixer air on/off valve 32 and the mixer
oxygen on/off valve 34 to close. In this respect, no air is
received from the air inlet, although oxygen is received into the
system through oxygen on/off valve 46, as will be described in more
detail below. Accordingly, the overall fluid system shown in FIG. 2
may be considered to include a first mode fluid network that
communicates oxygen from the oxygen inlet to the veterinary therapy
chamber when the fluid system is in the HYPERBARIC mode (i.e. a
first mode of operation), and a second mode fluid network that
communicates a mixture of oxygen and air to the therapy chamber
when the fluid system is in the FREE FLOW mode (i.e., a second mode
of operation).
In the HYPERBARIC mode, the pressure in conduit 42 passes through
normally open 3-way valve 44, and into conduit 48 and applies
pressure to oxygen on/off valve 46, which causes the oxygen on/off
valve 46 to open. Accordingly, pressurized oxygen passes through
the oxygen on/off valve 46, and through compression regulator 74. A
pneumatic control system 76 is in communication with the fluid
passing through the oxygen on/off valve 46, and provides an input
signal to the compression regulator 74. Fluid exiting the
compression regulator 74 may exit via conduit 78, which transitions
into chamber inlet conduit 60. As described above, chamber inlet
conduit 60 delivers fluid into the chamber housing 10 for treating
the animal.
In the case of the HYPERBARIC mode, the fluid is delivered into the
chamber housing 10 for hyperbaric therapy, wherein pressure within
the chamber is elevated above ambient pressure. The fluid exits the
chamber housing 10 through exit conduit 68 and passes through
exhaust pressure regulator 70, which enables control over the fluid
flow and fluid pressure within the chamber housing 10 when
operating in the HYPERBARIC mode. The fluid then flows through
ventilation control 72 and then exits through the exhaust.
It understood that when the system is operating in the HYPERBARIC
mode, an emergency condition may arise, such as an urgent health
condition of the animal, which may require prompt venting of the
fluid within the chamber housing 10. Accordingly, the system may be
transitioned to the EMERGENCY mode, which causes the master valve
22 to place the control pressure from conduit 28 in communication
with emergency control conduit 50. Thus, when in the EMERGENCY
mode, the conduits associated with the HYPERBARIC mode are
disconnected from the control pressure. The emergency control
conduit 50 extends from the master valve 22 to an emergency vent
button 80 having an actuator 82. A conduit 84 extends from the
emergency vent button 80. When the master valve 22 is in the
EMERGENCY mode, and the emergency vent button 80 is
actuated/depressed, the emergency vent button 80 is configured to
place the emergency control conduit 50 in communication with the
conduit 84. In this regard, the emergency control conduit 50 is
only placed in communication with the conduit 84 only when two
conditions are met 1) the master valve 22 is placed in the
EMERGENCY position, and 2) the actuator 82 on the emergency vent
button 80 is actuated. Placing the emergency control conduit 50 in
communication with the conduit 84 pressurizes the conduit 84, which
in turn, causes emergency vent valve 86 to open, which allows for
venting of the fluid from the chamber housing 10.
The system may also include an alternative means for venting the
chamber housing 10 in emergency conditions. Along these lines, the
system may include an emergency shutdown switch 88 which may be
actuated to vent the chamber housing 10. In this regard, the
emergency shutdown switch requires a single action (i.e., actuating
the switch), which is contrasted with the venting procedure
discussed above, which requires two actions, namely, movement of
the master valve 22 to the EMERGENCY VENT position as well as
actuation of the actuator 82 on the emergency vent button 80.
Although the present disclosure uses the term "switch," it is
understood that the emergency shutdown switch 88 may be actuated
with a button, lever, or other actuator known in the art.
The emergency shutdown switch 88 includes conduits 90, 92 connected
thereto. Conduit 90 extends from conduit 26 and is pressurized from
the pressurized oxygen in conduit 26. When the emergency shutdown
switch 88 is in a first position, the conduit 92 is fluidly
disconnected from conduit 90. However, when the emergency shutdown
switch 88 is in a second position, the conduit 92 is fluidly
connected to conduit 90 through the emergency shutdown switch 88.
Conduit 92 extends from the emergency shutdown switch 88 to the
3-way valve 44. Accordingly, when conduit 92 becomes pressurized in
response to being fluidly connected to conduit 90, the pressure in
conduit 92 causes the 3-way valve 44 to close, which in turn,
closes the oxygen on/off valve 46 and shuts off the supply of
oxygen to the chamber housing 10. Conduit 94 extends from conduit
92 to a normally-closed 2-way valve 96, which extends between the
conduit 94 and conduit 26. When the conduit 94 is pressurized in
response to the emergency shutdown switch 88 being actuated, the
normally-closed 2-way valve 96 is opened, which pressurizes conduit
98 extending from 2-way valve 96. Conduit 98 is fluidly coupled to
conduit 84, which extends to emergency vent valve 86, such that
pressurization of conduit 98 causes the emergency vent valve 86 to
open, and the fluid within the chamber housing 10 is able to be
vented therefrom.
In use, a patient/animal can be placed within the interior of the
chamber housing 10 via use of the gurney 20. The front door 12 of
the chamber 10 can be closed and the control system 16 can be
initiated to deliver either conventional hyperbaric chamber
operation or supplemental oxygen therapy at ambient conditions
within the interior of the chamber 10.
In the supplemental oxygen therapy mode of operation, the chamber
housing 10 utilizes the FREE FLOW mode which allows delivery of
approximately 80 liters per minute continuous flow of 0.21 through
1.0 FI02 adjustable oxygen gas mixture. The oxygen gas mixture is
delivered at ambient pressure entering from ports in the front
entry door 12 flowing across the animal within the interior of the
chamber housing 10 and exiting at the opposite end of the chamber
housing 10 through a port 30 formed in the rear panel 14 of the
chamber 10. The high flow gas mixture of the present disclosure is
used to maintain accurate gas mixture concentration with
fluctuating supply pressures of 50-70 psi medical air and/or
medical oxygen gas supplies. The high flow gas mixture also
incorporates an alarm/bypass module which monitors gas supply
pressures and with the alarm and actuated bypass to the remaining
gas supply in the event of a supply gas failure. The present
disclosure allows the delivery of an adjustable enriched oxygen gas
mixture without the need for troublesome masks, hoods, cannulas, or
cages.
Although the foregoing description uses the term "conduit" to refer
to the interconnection between two pneumatic components, those
skilled in the art will understand that the term "conduit" may
refer to a hose, pipe, pneumatic line, or other fluid
interconnection known in the art.
The particulars shown herein are by way of example only for
purposes of illustrative discussion, and are not presented in the
cause of providing what is believed to be most useful and readily
understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of
the various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard,
no attempt is made to show any more detail than is necessary for a
fundamental understanding of the different features of the various
embodiments, the description taken with the drawings making
apparent to those skilled in the art how these may be implemented
in practice.
* * * * *
References