U.S. patent number 10,604,555 [Application Number 16/403,241] was granted by the patent office on 2020-03-31 for gip derivatives and uses thereof.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Novo Nordisk A/S. The grantee listed for this patent is Novo Nordisk A/S. Invention is credited to Nicholas Raymond Cox, Richard DiMarchi, Brian Finan, Wouter Frederik Johan Hogendorf, Patrick J. Knerr, Jesper F. Lau, Fa Liu, Steffen Reedtz-Runge, Henning Thoegersen.
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United States Patent |
10,604,555 |
Hogendorf , et al. |
March 31, 2020 |
GIP derivatives and uses thereof
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel peptides that are
derivatives of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
analogues having improved physical stability in solution and a
protracted profile of action. More particularly the invention
relates to such peptides that are agonists at the GIP receptor and
to their use in weight management or for treatment of diseases such
as obesity, diabetes or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The
peptides comprise a lysine residue at a position corresponding to
position 24 of hGIP(1-31), and comprise a negatively charged
modifying group attached to the epsilon amino group of the lysine
residue.
Inventors: |
Hogendorf; Wouter Frederik
Johan (Valby, DK), Thoegersen; Henning (Farum,
DK), Cox; Nicholas Raymond (Seattle, WA), Knerr;
Patrick J. (Plainfield, IN), DiMarchi; Richard (Carmel,
IN), Finan; Brian (Indianapolis, IN), Lau; Jesper F.
(Farum, DK), Reedtz-Runge; Steffen (Bikeroed,
DK), Liu; Fa (Sammamish, WA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Novo Nordisk A/S |
Bagsvaerd |
N/A |
DK |
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Assignee: |
Novo Nordisk A/S (Bagsvaerd,
DK)
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Family
ID: |
66440040 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/403,241 |
Filed: |
May 3, 2019 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20190367578 A1 |
Dec 5, 2019 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62666916 |
May 4, 2018 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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May 17, 2018 [EP] |
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18172827 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K
38/26 (20130101); A61K 38/22 (20130101); A61P
3/10 (20180101); C07K 14/645 (20130101); C07K
14/605 (20130101); C07K 14/575 (20130101); A61K
38/2235 (20130101); A61K 38/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
38/22 (20060101); C07K 14/575 (20060101); C07K
14/645 (20060101); A61P 3/10 (20060101); A61K
38/26 (20060101) |
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Other References
Baggio et al.,"Biology of Incretins: GLP-1 and GIP,"
Gastroenterology, 2007, vol. 132, pp. 2131-2157. cited by applicant
.
Finan et al.,"Reappraisal of GIP Pharmacology for Metabolic
Diseases," Feature Review. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2016, vol.
22, No. 5, pp. 359-376. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Russel; Jeffrey E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lum; Leon Y.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119 to U.S.
Provisional Application 62/666,916, filed May 4, 2018 and European
Patent Application 18172827.0, filed May 17, 2018; the contents of
which are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A GIP analogue derivative comprising a GIP analogue and a
modifying group, wherein the GIP analogue is
X.sub.1-X.sub.2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-X.sub.14-Asp--
X.sub.16-Ile-X.sub.18-Gln-X.sub.20-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-
-X.sub.31 (SEQ ID NO: 48); wherein X.sub.1 is Tyr, Ac-Tyr, or
Ac-D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib or Ala; X.sub.14 is Nle; X.sub.16 is Lys;
X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is Gln or Aib; and X.sub.31 is Gly
or Pro; wherein the modifying group is ##STR00108## wherein the
modifying group is covalently attached to the GIP analogue at the
side chain of the epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or amide thereof.
2. The GIP analogue derivative according to claim 1, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 1; SEQ ID NO: 6)
##STR00109##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 2; SEQ ID NO: 7) ##STR00110##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 4; SEQ ID NO: 9) ##STR00111## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00112##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]--
hGIP(1-31) (Compound 6; SEQ ID NO: 11) ##STR00113##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 7; SEQ ID NO:
12) ##STR00114## N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[
[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]-butano-
yl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 8; SEQ ID NO: 13) ##STR00115##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 11; SEQ ID NO: 16)
##STR00116##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 12; SEQ ID NO: 17) ##STR00117##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 18; SEQ ID NO: 23)
##STR00118##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 24; SEQ ID NO: 29) ##STR00119##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00120##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 26; SEQ ID NO: 31) ##STR00121##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 27; SEQ ID NO: 32) ##STR00122##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31-
]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 28; SEQ ID NO: 33) ##STR00123##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP-
(1-31) amide (Compound 29; SEQ ID NO: 34) ##STR00124##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00125##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-
-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 32; SEQ ID NO: 37) ##STR00126## and
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 46; SEQ ID NO: 62) ##STR00127##
3. The GIP analogue derivative according to claim 2, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is: N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00128##
4. The GIP analogue derivative according to claim 2, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00129##
5. The GIP analogue derivative according to claim 2, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cycloh-
exanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-
]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00130##
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a GIP analogue
derivative and a GLP-1 receptor agonist, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative comprises a GIP analogue and a modifying group; wherein
the GIP analogue is
X.sub.1-X.sub.2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-X.sub.14-Asp--
X.sub.16-Ile-X.sub.18-Gln-X.sub.20-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-
-X.sub.31 (SEQ ID NO: 48); Wherein X.sub.1 is Tyr, Ac-Tyr, or
Ac-D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib or Ala; X.sub.14 is Nle; X.sub.16 is Lys;
X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is Gln or Aib; and X.sub.31 is Gly
or Pro; wherein the modifying group is ##STR00131## wherein the
modifying group is covalently attached to the GIP analogue at the
side chain of the epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or amide thereof.
7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 1; SEQ ID NO: 6)
##STR00132##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 2; SEQ ID NO: 7) ##STR00133##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 4; SEQ ID NO: 9) ##STR00134## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00135##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]--
hGIP(1-31) (Compound 6; SEQ ID NO: 11) ##STR00136##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 7; SEQ ID NO:
12) ##STR00137## N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[
[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]-butano-
yl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 8; SEQ ID NO: 13) ##STR00138##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 11; SEQ ID NO: 16)
##STR00139##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 12; SEQ ID NO: 17) ##STR00140##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 18; SEQ ID NO: 23)
##STR00141##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 24; SEQ ID NO: 29) ##STR00142##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00143##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 26; SEQ ID NO: 31) ##STR00144##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 27; SEQ ID NO: 32) ##STR00145##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31-
]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 28; SEQ ID NO: 33) ##STR00146##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP-
(1-31) amide (Compound 29; SEQ ID NO: 34) ##STR00147##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00148##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-
-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 32; SEQ ID NO: 37) ##STR00149## and
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 46; SEQ ID NO: 62) ##STR00150##
8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is: N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00151##
9. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein the
GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00152##
10. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein
the GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00153##
11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, wherein
the GLP-1 receptor agonist is semaglutide.
12. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein
the GIP analogue derivative is: N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00154##
13. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein
the GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00155##
14. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein
the GIP analogue derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cycloh-
exanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-
]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00156##
15. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12,
comprising the GIP analogue derivative as a first unit dosage form
and the GLP-1 receptor agonist as a second unit dosage form.
16. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13,
comprising the GIP analogue derivative as a first unit dosage form
and the GLP-1 receptor agonist as a second unit dosage form.
17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14,
comprising the GIP analogue derivative as a first unit dosage form
and the GLP-1 receptor agonist as a second unit dosage form.
18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12, wherein
the pharmaceutical composition is a single-dosage form comprising
both the GIP analogue derivative and the GLP-1 receptor
agonist.
19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13, wherein
the pharmaceutical composition is a single-dosage form comprising
both the GIP analogue derivative and the GLP-1 receptor
agonist.
20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14, wherein
the pharmaceutical composition is a single-dosage form comprising
both the GIP analogue derivative and the GLP-1 receptor
agonist.
21. A method of treating type II diabetes by administering an
effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition to a subject in
need thereof, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a
GIP analogue derivative and a GLP-1 receptor agonist; wherein the
GIP analogue derivative comprises a GIP analogue and a modifying
group; wherein the GIP analogue is
X.sub.1-X.sub.2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-X.sub.14-Asp--
X.sub.16-Ile-X.sub.18-Gln-X.sub.20-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-
-X.sub.31 (SEQ ID NO: 48); wherein X.sub.1 is Tyr, Ac-Tyr, or
Ac-D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib or Ala; X.sub.14 is Nle; X.sub.16 is Lys;
X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is Gln or Aib; and X.sub.31 is Gly
or Pro; wherein the modifying group is ##STR00157## wherein the
modifying group is covalently attached to the GIP analogue at the
side chain of the epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or amide thereof.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the subject is
suffering from obesity.
23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 1; SEQ ID NO: 6)
##STR00158##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 2; SEQ ID NO: 7) ##STR00159##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 4; SEQ ID NO: 9) ##STR00160## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00161##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]--
hGIP(1-31) (Compound 6; SEQ ID NO: 11) ##STR00162##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 7; SEQ ID NO:
12) ##STR00163## N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)me-
thyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-
-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 8; SEQ ID NO: 13)
##STR00164##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 11; SEQ ID NO: 16)
##STR00165##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 12; SEQ ID NO: 17) ##STR00166##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 18; SEQ ID NO: 23)
##STR00167##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 24; SEQ ID NO: 29) ##STR00168##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00169##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 26; SEQ ID NO: 31) ##STR00170##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 27; SEQ ID NO: 32) ##STR00171##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31-
]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 28; SEQ ID NO: 33) ##STR00172##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP-
(1-31) amide (Compound 29; SEQ ID NO: 34) ##STR00173##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00174##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-
-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 32; SEQ ID NO: 37) ##STR00175## and
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 46; SEQ ID NO: 62) ##STR00176##
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is: N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00177##
25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-
-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]-
amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,L-
ys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00178##
26. The method according to claim 23, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-
-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]c-
yclohexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]but-
anoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00179##
27. The method according to claim 23, wherein the GLP-1 receptor
agonist is semaglutide.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is: N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00180## and wherein the subject is suffering from obesity.
29. The method according to claim 27, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-
-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]-
amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,L-
ys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30) ##STR00181## and
wherein the subject is suffering from obesity.
30. The method according to claim 27, wherein the GIP analogue
derivative is:
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-
-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]c-
yclohexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]but-
anoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 31; SEQ ID NO: 36) ##STR00182## and wherein the subject
is suffering from obesity.
Description
INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF THE SEQUENCE LISTING
The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been
submitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Mar. 3, 2019
and amended on Aug. 26, 2019, is named "180016_sequence
listing_NEW_ST25, and is 60 kilobytes in size.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present application relates to novel peptides that are
derivatives of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
analogues with improved physical stability in solution and a
protracted profile of action, and to the pharmaceutical use of the
GIP derivatives.
BACKGROUND
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as
gastric inhibitory peptide) is one of two endogenous incretins and
is a 42 amino acid peptide hormone released from intestinal K-cells
following food intake. GIP and the other incretin, glucagon-like
Peptide-1 (GLP-1), are gut enteroendocrine cell-derived hormones
accounting for the incretin effect, which estimated to account for
over 70% of the total insulin response to an oral glucose
challenge.
Due to the incretin effect, the GIP receptor has become an
attractive drug target in the treatment of metabolic diseases such
as obesity and diabetes, with GIP receptor agonists either as a
standalone, in combination with GLP-1 receptor agonists, or in
combination with GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists. GIP itself
has a short plasma half-life due to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV)
mediated inactivation, and poor physical stability due to high
tendency to form fibrils in solution.
Patent applications disclosing different GIP receptor agonists or
and their potential medical uses are described, such as e.g.
disclosed in WO 2016/066744, WO 2016/034186, WO 2012/055770, and WO
2012/167744. Also GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists and their medical
use have been studied in e.g. WO 2013/164483, and WO
2014/192284.
The derivatives of the present invention provide novel modified GIP
analogues with a protracted profile of action in addition to
providing improved stability.
SUMMARY
The invention relates to derivatives of GIP analogues that have a
lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 3).
In some embodiments, the derivatives comprise a GIP analogue having
a lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 3) and a negatively charged modifying group attached to
the epsilon amino group of said lysine.
In some embodiments, the derivatives comprise a GIP analogue having
a lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 3), a negatively charged modifying group attached to
the epsilon amino group of said lysine, and may comprise up to 7
further amino acid substitutions, i.e. also to be described as a
maximum of 8 substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31).
In some embodiments, the derivatives comprise a GIP analogue having
a lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 3), a negatively charged modifying group attached to
the epsilon amino group of said lysine, and may comprise up to 7
further amino acid substitutions, wherein the substitutions are at
one or more of the positions corresponding to positions 1, 2, 14,
16, 18, 20 and/or 31 of Formula I.
The invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising such derivatives of GIP analogues and pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients, as well as the medical use of said
derivatives.
In a first aspect, the invention relates to derivatives of GIP
analogues that are capable of activating the GIP receptor. In a
further aspect, the derivatives of GIP analogues are selective at
activating the human GIP receptor over the human GLP-1 receptor and
the human glucagon receptor.
Also or alternatively, in a second aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues that are active in vivo alone or in
combination with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Also or alternatively, in a third aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved pharmacokinetic
properties.
Also or alternatively, in a fourth aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved physical stability.
Also or alternatively, in a fifth aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved chemical stability.
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to derivatives of GIP analogues that have a
lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 3). In one aspect, the derivatives of the present
invention comprise a lysine at a position corresponding to position
24 of hGIP(1-31) (Formula I; SEQ ID NO: 3) and a negatively charged
modifying group attached to the epsilon amino group of said
lysine.
In another aspect, the derivatives of the invention comprise a
lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(Formula I; SEQ ID NO: 3), a negatively charged modifying group
attached to the epsilon amino group of said lysine, and wherein
Formula I may comprise up to 7 further amino acid substitutions
also described as a maximum of 8 substitutions as compared to
hGIP(1-31).
In another aspect, the derivatives of the invention comprise a
lysine at a position corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31)
(Formula I; SEQ ID NO: 3), a negatively charged modifying group
attached to the epsilon amino group of said lysine, and wherein
Formula I may comprise up to 7 further amino acid substitutions,
wherein the substitutions are at one or more of the positions
corresponding to positions 1, 2, 14, 16, 18, 20 and/or 31 of
Formula I.
In addition, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising such derivatives of GIP analogues and pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients, as well as the medical use of said
derivatives.
In one aspect, the invention relates to derivatives of GIP
analogues that are capable of activating the GIP receptor. In a
further aspect, the derivatives of GIP analogues are selective at
activating the human GIP receptor over the human GLP-1 receptor and
the human glucagon receptor. The term "selective" for the GIP
receptor over the GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor refer to
derivatives that display at least 10 fold, such as at least 50
fold, at least 500 fold, or at least 1000 fold higher potency for
the GIP receptor over the GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor as
measured in vitro in a potency assay for receptor function, such as
a CRE luciferase functional potency assay, and compared by
EC.sub.50 values.
Also or alternatively, the invention relates to derivatives of GIP
analogues that are active in vivo alone or in combination with a
GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved pharmacokinetic
properties.
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved physical stability.
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the invention relates to
derivatives of GIP analogues with improved chemical stability.
In what follows, Greek letters may be represented by their symbol
or the corresponding written name, for example: .alpha.=alpha;
.beta.=beta; .epsilon.=epsilon; .gamma.=gamma; .omega.=omega; etc.
Also, the Greek letter of .mu. may be represented by "u", e.g. in
.mu.l=ul, or in .mu.M=uM.
Unless otherwise indicated in the specification, terms presented in
singular form generally also include the plural situation.
Also described herein are derivatives, derivatives of GIP
analogues, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof in which
open ended terms like "comprises" and "comprising" are replaced
with closed terms such as "consists of", "consisting of", and the
like.
Compound/Product
GIP Receptor Agonist
A receptor agonist may be defined as a compound that binds to a
receptor and elicits a response typical of the natural ligand (see
e.g. "Principles of Biochemistry", A L Lehninger, D L Nelson, M M
Cox, Second Edition, Worth Publishers, 1993, page 763).
As described herein, a "GIP receptor agonist" may be defined as a
compound which is capable of activating the GIP receptor.
GIP Analogues
The term "hGIP(1-42)" as used herein refers to the human
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, the sequence of which
is included in the sequence listing as SEQ ID NO: 1. The peptide
having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 may also be designated native
hGIP or hGIP.
The term "hGIP(1-31)" as used herein refers to a truncated version
of hGIP(1-42), comprising amino acids 1-31 of hGIP(1-42), the
sequence of hGIP(1-31) is included in the sequence listings as SEQ
ID NO: 2.
The term "GIP analogue" as used herein refers to a peptide, or a
compound, which is a variant of hGIP(1-31). The term "variant" is
used for peptides comprising at least one amino acid substitution
as compared to hGIP(1-31) and is capable of activating the GIP
receptor.
The term "substitution" as used herein refers to one amino acid
being replaced by another in the backbone of the peptide. In one
aspect, amino acids may be substituted by conservative
substitution. The term "conservative substitution" as used herein
denotes that one or more amino acids are replaced by another,
biologically similar residue. Examples include substitution of
amino acid residues with similar characteristics, e.g. small amino
acids, acidic amino acids, polar amino acids, basic amino acids,
hydrophobic amino acids and aromatic amino acids. In one aspect,
the GIP analogues of the derivatives of the invention may comprise
substitutions of one or more unnatural and/or non-amino acids,
e.g., amino acid mimetics, into the sequence of the GIP
analogue.
GIP analogues of the derivatives of the invention may be described
by reference to i) the number of the amino acid residue in
hGIP(1-31) or hGIP(1-42) which corresponds to the amino acid
residue which is changed (i.e., the corresponding position in
hGIP(1-31) or hGIP(1-42)), and to ii) the actual change. For
example, [Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) refers to a GIP analogue in which
position 24 of hGIP(1-31) has been replaced by a lysine.
In one aspect, the GIP analogues of the derivatives of the
invention comprise a lysine residue at the position corresponding
to position 24 of hGIP(1-31) as described by formula I:
Tyr-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-Met-Asp-Lys-Ile-His-G-
ln-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln- Lys-Gly. Formula I is
included in the sequence listings as SEQ ID NO: 3 and may also be
designated [Lys24]-hGIP(1-31).
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the GIP analogues of the
derivatives of the invention comprise a maximum of eight amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31), wherein position 24 is
always a lysine accounting for one substitution and up to seven
further substitutions at positions other than at position 24. In a
further aspect, the GIP analogues of the derivatives of the present
invention comprise up to seven, six, five, four, three, two, or one
amino acid substitution(s) as compared to hGIP(1-31). In one
aspect, said substitutions are present at one or more of positions
corresponding to position 1, 2, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 31 of Formula I
as described herein by Formula II:
X.sub.1-X.sub.2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-X.sub.14-Asp--
X.sub.16-Ile-X.sub.18-Gln-X.sub.20-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-
-X.sub.31. Formula II is included in the sequence listings as SEQ
ID NO: 48. In one aspect, the GIP analogues of the derivatives of
the invention may be in the form of C-terminal carboxylic acids or
amides.
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the GIP analogues of the
derivatives of the present invention comprise a C-terminal
extension to Formula I or Formula II. In a further aspect, the GIP
analogues of the derivatives of the invention comprise a C-terminal
extension described by Formula III:
Lys-X.sub.33-X.sub.34-Asp-Trp-Lys-His-Asn-Ile-Thr-Gln, wherein
X.sub.33 is Lys or Glu; X.sub.34 is Asn, Glu, or Asp. The
C-terminal extension is attached to Formula I or Formula II via an
amide bond from the C-terminal carboxylic acid of Formula I or
Formula II to the N-terminal amino group of Formula III. Formula
III is included in the sequence listings as SEQ ID NO: 51.
The following are non-limiting examples of suitable analogue
nomenclature.
As an example, [Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) comprises 4
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31). As a further example,
[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) comprises 6
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31). Similarly,
[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide comprises 6
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) as the number of
substitutions refer to the backbone.
Analogues "comprising" certain specified changes may comprise
further changes, when compared to the respective formula. In a
particular embodiment, the analogue "has" the specified
changes.
As is apparent from the above examples, amino acid residues may be
identified by their full name, their one-letter code, and/or their
three-letter code. These three ways are fully equivalent.
The expressions "a position equivalent to" or "a position
corresponding to" may be used to characterise the site of change in
a variant GIP sequence by reference to a given sequence, e.g.
hGIP(1-31), or hGIP(1-42).
The term "peptide", as e.g. used in the context of the GIP
analogues of the derivatives of the invention, refers to a compound
which comprises a series of amino acids interconnected by amide (or
peptide) bonds.
Amino acids are molecules containing an amino group and a
carboxylic acid group, and, optionally, one or more additional
groups, often referred to as a side chain.
The term "amino acid" includes proteinogenic (or coded or natural)
amino acids (amongst those the 20 standard amino acids), as well as
non-proteinogenic (or non-coded or non-natural) amino acids.
Proteinogenic amino acids are those which are naturally
incorporated into proteins. The standard amino acids are those
encoded by the genetic code. Non-proteinogenic amino acids are
either not found in proteins, or not produced by standard cellular
machinery (e.g., they may have been subject to post-translational
modification). Non-limiting examples of non-proteinogenic amino
acids are Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid), Nle (norleucine), as
well as the D-isomers of the proteinogenic amino acids.
Non-limiting examples of D-isomers of a proteinogenic amino acid is
the D-isomers of tyrosine or alanine, which can be written as D-Tyr
or D-Ala, respectively.
In what follows, all amino acids of the GIP analogues of
derivatives of the invention for which the optical isomer is not
stated is to be understood to mean the L-isomer (unless otherwise
specified).
GIP Derivatives
The term "derivative" as used herein in the context of a GIP
analogue means a chemically modified GIP analogue, in which one or
more substituents have been covalently attached to the peptide
backbone.
In one aspect of the invention, the substituent may be an
N-terminal substituent.
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the substituent may be a
modifying group or, alternatively, referred to as a protracting
moiety or albumin binding moiety.
The term "N-terminal substituent" or "modifying group" as used
herein, means a chemical moiety or group replacing a hydrogen
atom.
In one aspect, the derivative of a GIP analogue comprises a
substituent covalently attached to the alpha-amino group of the
amino acid residue in the N-terminus of the analogue. In one
aspect, the N-terminal substituent is an alkanoyl or acyl group. In
a particular aspect, the N-terminal substituent is an acetyl group.
As an example of an N-terminal substituted amino acid is Ac-Tyr at
position 1. Such acetylation would not count as a substitution in
the peptide backbone compared with hGIP(1-31), because the amino
acid in the GIP analogue is the native Tyr, e.g.
N{1}-acetyl-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) comprises 4
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31).
Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the GIP analogue comprises a
modifying group covalently attached to the amino acid residue
corresponding to position 24 of hGIP(1-31) or hGIP(1-42). In a
further aspect, the modifying group is capable of forming
non-covalent conjugates with proteins, e.g. albumin, thereby
promoting the circulation of the derivative with the blood stream,
and also having the effect of protracting the time of action of the
derivative, due to the fact that the conjugate of the GIP
derivative and albumin is only slowly disintegrated to release the
active pharmaceutical ingredient.
The modifying group may be covalently attached to a lysine residue
of the GIP analogue by acylation, i.e. via an amide bond formed
between a carboxylic acid group of the modifying group and the
epsilon amino group of said lysine group. The amino group of lysine
could also be coupled to an aldehyde of the modifying group by
reductive amination.
In one aspect, the modifying group is covalently attached to a
lysine residue at a position corresponding to position 24 of
hGIP(1-31) or hGIP(1-42) by acylation, i.e. via an amide bond
formed between a carboxylic acid group of the modifying group and
the epsilon amino group of the lysine residue.
In one embodiment, the modifying group is defined by A-B--C--
wherein A- is a lipophilic moiety with a negatively charged moiety
at the distal end and B--C-- is a linker. In one embodiment, the
modifying group is defined by A-B--C-- wherein A- is a lipophilic
moiety with a negatively charged moiety at the distal end and
B--C-- is a linker comprising at least one negatively charged
moiety.
The term "lipophilic moiety" as used herein, means an aliphatic
hydrocarbon chain of 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 28
carbon atoms, more preferably 12-24 carbon atoms, even more
preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, most preferably 16 or 18 carbon
atoms, wherein said hydrocarbon may contain additional
substituents.
The term "negatively charged moiety" as used herein, means a
negatively chargeable chemical moiety being negatively charged at
physiological pH (7.4). Examples of negatively charged moieties are
carboxylic acids or isosteres thereof, such as sulfonic acids or
tetrazoles. In a preferred embodiment, the negatively charged
moiety is a carboxylic acid moiety.
The term "distal" as used herein, means most remote (terminal) from
the point of attachment of A- to B--.
The derivatives of the invention may exist in different
stereoisomeric forms having the same molecular formula and sequence
of bonded atoms, but differing only in the three-dimensional
orientation of their atoms in space. The stereoisomerism of the
exemplified derivatives of the invention is indicated in the
experimental section, in the names as well as the structures, using
standard nomenclature. Unless otherwise stated the invention
relates to all stereoisomeric forms of the claimed derivative.
The derivatives of the invention have GIP activity. This term
refers to the ability to bind to the GIP receptor and initiate a
signal transduction pathway resulting in insulinotropic action or
other physiological effects as is known in the art. For example,
the derivatives of the invention can be tested for GIP activity or
stability using the assay described in Examples 1-6 herein.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salt, Amide, or Ester
The derivatives of the invention may be in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or amide.
Salts are e.g. formed by a chemical reaction between a base and an
acid, e.g.:
2NH.sub.3+H.sub.2SO.sub.4.fwdarw.(NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4.
The salt may be a basic salt, an acid salt, or it may be neither
nor (i.e. a neutral salt). Basic salts produce hydroxide ions and
acid salts hydronium ions in water.
The salts of the derivatives of the invention may be formed with
added cations or anions between anionic or cationic groups,
respectively. These groups may be situated in the peptide moiety,
and/or in the modifying group of the derivatives of the
invention.
Non-limiting examples of anionic groups of the derivatives of the
invention include free carboxylic groups in the side chain, if any,
as well as in the peptide moiety. The peptide moiety often includes
a free carboxylic acid group at the C-terminus, and it may also
include free carboxylic groups at internal acid amino acid residues
such as Asp and Glu.
Non-limiting examples of cationic groups in the peptide moiety
include the free amino group at the N-terminus, if present, as well
as any free amino group of internal basic amino acid residues such
as His, Arg, and Lys.
The amide of the derivatives of the invention may, e.g., be formed
by the reaction of a free carboxylic acid group with an amine or a
substituted amine, or by reaction of a free or substituted amino
group with a carboxylic acid.
The amide formation may involve the free carboxylic group at the
C-terminus of the peptide, any free carboxylic group in the side
chain, the free amino group at the N-terminus of the peptide,
and/or any free or substituted amino group of the peptide in the
peptide and/or the side chain.
In one aspect, the derivative of the invention is in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, preferably in the form of a
sodium salt. Also or alternatively, in one aspect, the derivative
of the invention is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable
amide, preferably with an amide group at the C-terminus of the
peptide.
Functional Properties
In a first functional aspect, the derivatives of the invention have
a good potency at the GIP receptor. Preferably they are potent GIP
receptor agonists as is reflected by their ability to activate the
GIP receptor. Also, or alternatively, in a second functional
aspect, they have an in vivo effect on body weight, food intake and
glucose tolerance both alone and in combination with a GLP-1
receptor agonist. Also, or alternatively, in a third functional
aspect, they have improved pharmacokinetic properties. Also, or
alternatively, in a fourth functional aspect, the derivatives of
the invention are physically stable. Also, or alternatively, in a
fifth functional aspect, the derivatives of the invention are
chemically stable.
Biological Activity--In Vitro Potency
According to the first functional aspect, the derivatives of the
invention, as well as the constituent GIP analogues such as
[Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) or analogues thereof, are biologically active,
or potent at the human GIP receptor.
In one embodiment, potency and/or activity refers to in vitro
potency, i.e. performance in a functional GIP receptor assay, more
in particular to the capability of activating the human GIP
receptor.
The in vitro potency may, e.g., be determined in a medium
containing membranes expressing the human GIP receptor, and/or in
an assay with whole cells expressing the human GIP receptor.
For example, the response of the human GIP receptor may be measured
in a reporter gene assay, e.g. in a stably transfected BHK cell
line that expresses the human GIP receptor and contains the DNA for
the cAMP response element (CRE) coupled to a promoter and the gene
for firefly luciferase (CRE luciferase). When cAMP is produced as a
result of activation of the GIP receptor this in turn results in
the luciferase being expressed. Luciferase may be determined by
adding luciferin, which by the enzyme is converted to oxyluciferin
and produces bioluminescence, which is measured and is a measure of
the in vitro potency. One non-limiting example of such an assay is
described in Example 2 as described herein.
The term half maximal effective concentration (EC.sub.50) generally
refers to the concentration which induces a response halfway
between the baseline and maximum, by reference to the dose response
curve. EC.sub.50 is used as a measure of the potency of a compound
and represents the concentration where 50% of its maximal effect is
observed.
The in vitro potency of the derivatives of the invention may be
determined as described above, and the EC.sub.50 of the derivative
in question determined. The lower the EC.sub.50 value, the better
the potency.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has an in vitro potency determined using the method of Example 2
corresponding to an EC.sub.50 at or below 5000 pM, more preferably
below 900 pM, even more preferably below 500 pM, or most preferably
below 200 pM.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivatives of the
invention are capable of activating the GIP receptor selectively
over the human GLP-1 receptor and the human glucagon receptor. The
term "selectively" when used in relation to activation of the GIP
receptor over the GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor refer to
derivatives that display at least 10 fold, such as at least 50
fold, at least 500 fold, or at least 1000 fold better potency for
the GIP receptor over the GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor as
measured in vitro in a potency assay for receptor function, such as
an CRE luciferase functional potency assay, and compared by
EC.sub.50 values. The term "better potency" of the derivatives of
the invention at the GIP receptor over the GLP-1 receptor and the
glucagon receptor is determined by the ratio of the EC.sub.50
values at the GLP-1 receptor versus GIP receptor or glucagon
receptor versus GIP receptor, respectively.
Biological Activity--In Vivo Pharmacology
According to a second functional aspect, the GIP derivatives of the
invention, as well as the constituent GIP analogues such as
[Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) or analogues thereof, are potent in vivo, which
may be determined as is known in the art in any suitable animal
model, as well as in clinical trials.
The diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse is one example of a suitable
animal model, and the effect on body weight, food intake and
glucose tolerance can be assessed during sub-chronic dosing in this
model. The effect of the GIP derivatives of the invention on body
weight, food intake and glucose tolerance may be determined in such
mice in vivo, e.g. as described in Example 6 herein. Food intake
can be assessed by single housing animals and weighing food
consumed per day. This model can also be used to evaluate effects
on glucose tolerance by performing an oral or i.p. glucose
tolerance test (OGTT or IPGTT). These tests are performed by
administration of a glucose load orally or i.p. to semi-fasted
animals and subsequent blood glucose measured for up to three
hours.
Pharmacokinetics Profile
According to the third functional aspect, the derivatives of the
invention have improved pharmacokinetic properties such as
increased terminal half-life.
Increasing terminal half-life means that the compound in question
is eliminated slower from the body. For the derivatives of the
invention this entails an extended duration of pharmacological
effect.
The pharmacokinetic properties of the derivatives of the invention
may suitably be determined in vivo in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies.
Such studies are conducted to evaluate how pharmaceutical compounds
are absorbed, distributed, and eliminated in the body, and how
these processes affect the concentration of the compound in the
body, over the course of time.
In the discovery and preclinical phase of pharmaceutical drug
development, animal models such as the mouse, rat, monkey, dog, or
pig, may be used to perform this characterisation. Any of these
models can be used to test the pharmacokinetic properties of the
derivatives of the invention.
In such studies, animals are typically administered with a single
dose of the drug, either intravenously (i.v.), subcutaneously
(s.c.), or orally (p.o.) in a relevant formulation. Blood samples
are drawn at predefined time points after dosing, and samples are
analysed for concentration of drug with a relevant quantitative
assay. Based on these measurements, time-plasma concentration
profiles for the compound of study are plotted and a so-called
non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of the data is
performed.
For most compounds, the terminal part of the plasma-concentration
profiles will be linear when drawn in a semi-logarithmic plot,
reflecting that after the initial absorption and distribution, drug
is removed from the body at a constant fractional rate. The rate
(lambda Z or .lamda..sub.z) is equal to minus the slope of the
terminal part of the plot. From this rate, also a terminal
half-life may be calculated, as t1/2=ln(2)/.lamda..sub.z (see,
e.g., Johan Gabrielsson and Daniel Weiner: Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis. Concepts & Applications, 3rd
Ed., Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm (2000)).
Clearance can be determined after i.v. administration and is
defined as the dose (D) divided by area under the curve (AUC) on
the plasma concentration versus time profile (Rowland, M and Tozer
T N: Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications, 3.sup.rd
edition, 1995 Williams Wilkins).
The estimate of terminal half-life and/or clearance is relevant for
evaluation of dosing regimens and an important parameter in drug
development, in the evaluation of new drug compounds.
Pharmacokinetics Profile--Half-Life In Vivo in Minipigs
According to the third functional aspect, the derivatives of the
invention have improved pharmacokinetic properties.
In a particular embodiment, the pharmacokinetic properties may be
determined as terminal half-life (t1/2) in vivo in minipigs after
i.v. administration, e.g. as described in Example 3 herein.
In particular embodiments, the terminal half-life in minipigs is at
least 24 hours, preferably at least 40 hours, even more preferably
at least 60 hours.
Physical Properties
According to the fourth functional aspect, the derivative of the
invention has improved physical stability in solution. The term
"physical stability" refers to the tendency of the polypeptide to
form biologically inactive and/or insoluble aggregates, e.g.
amyloid fibrils or gels.
In a particular embodiment, the improved physical stability may be
determined by measuring lag-time and/or recovery in a Thioflavin T
(ThT) fibrillation assay, e.g. as described in Example 4
herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has more than 70 percent recovery in a ThT fibrillation assay,
preferably more than 90 percent recovery, even more preferably more
than 95 percent recovery, or most preferably more than 98 percent
recovery, such as shown in Example 4 described herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has a lag-time in the ThT fibrillation assay of more than 10 hours,
preferably more than 20 hours, even more preferably more than 45
hours, such as shown in Example 4 described herein.
In a particular embodiment, the improved physical stability may be
determined by Dynamic Light Scattering stability index (DLS-SI)
assay, e.g. as described in Example 4 herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has a low DLS-SI value in a DLS-SI assay, preferably less than 7,
more preferably less than 2, such as shown in Example 4 herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
shows no or little precipitation in a DLS-SI assay, preferably no
precipitation, such as shown in Example 4 herein.
Chemical Properties
According to the fifth functional aspect, the derivatives of the
invention have improved chemical stability. The term "chemical
stability" refers to chemical (in particular covalent) changes in
the polypeptide structure leading to formation of chemical
degradation products, such as high molecular weight proteins
(HMWPs), deamidation, isomerization and hydrolysis products
potentially having a reduced biological potency, and/or increased
immunogenic effect as compared to the intact polypeptide.
In a particular embodiment, the improved chemical stability may be
determined by measuring the content of HMWP and/or purity loss, by
measuring the amount of chemical degradation products at various
time-points after exposure to different environmental conditions,
e.g. by SEC-HPLC, and/or LCMS, e.g. as described in Example 5
herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has a purity loss per month of less than 35 percent, preferably
less than 15 percent, more preferably less than 7 percent, such as
shown in Example 5 described herein.
In a further particular embodiment, the derivative of the invention
has a formation of HMWP's per month of less than 4 percent,
preferably less than 2 percent, more preferably less than 1
percent, such as shown in Example 5 described herein.
Additional particular embodiments of the derivatives of the
invention are described in the section headed "particular
embodiments".
Production Processes
The production of peptides like hGIP(1-31) and hGIP analogues is
well known in the art.
The GIP analogues of the derivatives of the invention (or fragments
thereof), such as [Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) or an analogue or fragment
thereof, may for instance be produced by classical peptide
synthesis, e.g., solid phase peptide synthesis using t-Boc or Fmoc
chemistry or other well established techniques, see, e.g., Greene
and Wuts, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", John Wiley
& Sons, 1999, Florencio Zaragoza Dorwald, "Organic Synthesis on
solid Phase", Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2000, and "Fmoc Solid Phase
Peptide Synthesis", Edited by W. C. Chan and P. D. White, Oxford
University Press, 2000.
Also, or alternatively, they may be produced by recombinant
methods, viz. by culturing a host cell containing a DNA sequence
encoding the analogue and capable of expressing the peptide in a
suitable nutrient medium under conditions permitting the expression
of the peptide. Non-limiting examples of host cells suitable for
expression of these peptides are: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, as well as mammalian BHK or CHO cell lines.
Those derivatives of the invention which include non-natural amino
acids and/or a covalently attached N-terminal mono- or dipeptide
mimetic may e.g. be produced as described in the experimental part.
Or see e.g., Hodgson et al: "The synthesis of peptides and proteins
containing non-natural amino acids", Chemical Society Reviews, vol.
33, no. 7 (2004), p. 422-430.
Specific examples of methods of preparing a number of the
derivatives of the invention are included in the experimental
part.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
Injectable compositions comprising derivatives of the present
invention can be prepared using the conventional techniques of the
pharmaceutical industry which involve dissolving and mixing the
ingredients as appropriate to give the desired end product. Thus,
according to one procedure, a derivative of this invention is
dissolved in a suitable buffer at a suitable pH so precipitation is
minimised or avoided. The injectable composition is made sterile,
for example, by sterile filtration.
Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a derivative of the
invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or amide thereof,
and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may be prepared as is
known in the art.
The term "excipient" broadly refers to any component other than the
active therapeutic ingredient(s). The excipient may be an inert
substance, an inactive substance, and/or a not medicinally active
substance.
The formulation of pharmaceutically active ingredients with various
excipients is known in the art, see e.g. Remington: The Science and
Practice of Pharmacy (e.g. 19th edition (1995), and any later
editions).
A composition may be a stabilised formulation. The term "stabilised
formulation" refers to a formulation with increased physical and/or
chemical stability, preferably both. In general, a formulation must
be stable during use and storage (in compliance with recommended
use and storage conditions) until the expiration date is
reached.
The treatment with a derivative according to the present invention
may also be combined with one or more additional pharmacologically
active substances, e.g. selected from GLP-1 receptor agonists, or
GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists.
In one aspect of the invention, the derivative of the invention is
combined with a GLP-1 receptor agonist. The compounds may be
supplied in a single-dosage form wherein the single-dosage form
contains both compounds, or in the form of a kit-of-parts
comprising a preparation of the derivative of the invention as a
first unit dosage form and a preparation of the GLP-1 receptor
agonist as a second unit dosage form.
Non-limiting examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists to be combined
with the derivative of the present invention are liraglutide,
semaglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, taspoglutide,
and albiglutide. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that may
be prepared as described in WO2006/097537, Example 4 and is also
known as
N.sup.6,26-{18-[N-(17-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-L-.gamma.-glutamyl]-10-oxo-3,-
6,12,15-tetraoxa-9,18-diazaoctadecanoyl}-[8-(2-amino-2-propanoic
acid), 34-L-arginine]human glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37), see WHO
Drug Information Vol. 24, No. 1, 2010 (SEQ ID NO: 57).
Non-limiting examples of GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists are
described in WO 2014/170496 e.g. see present SEQ ID NO: 52, 53, 54,
55, or 56.
Pharmaceutical Indications
The present invention also relates to a derivative of a GIP
analogue, for use as a medicament.
In particular embodiments, the derivative of the invention may be
used for the following medical treatments:
(i) prevention and/or treatment of all forms of diabetes, such as
hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1
diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, MODY (maturity onset
diabetes of the young), gestational diabetes, and/or for reduction
of HbA1C;
(ii) delaying or preventing diabetic disease progression, such as
progression in type 2 diabetes, delaying the progression of
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to insulin requiring type 2
diabetes, delaying or preventing insulin resistance, and/or
delaying the progression of non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes
to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes;
(iii) prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders, such as
obesity, e.g. by decreasing food intake, reducing body weight,
suppressing appetite, inducing satiety; treating or preventing
binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and/or obesity induced by
administration of an antipsychotic or a steroid; reduction of
gastric motility; delaying gastric emptying; increasing physical
mobility; and/or prevention and/or treatment of comorbidities to
obesity, such as osteoarthritis and/or urine incontinence;
(iv) weight maintenance after successful weight loss (either drug
induced or by diet and exercise)--i.e. prevention of weight gain
after successful weight loss.
(v) prevention and/or treatment of liver disorders, such as hepatic
steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), liver inflammation or fatty liver.
In a particular embodiment, the indication is Type 2 diabetes,
and/or obesity.
In some embodiments the invention relates to a method for weight
management. In some embodiments the invention relates to a method
for reduction of appetite. In some embodiments the invention
relates to a method for reduction of food intake.
Generally, all subjects suffering from obesity are also considered
to be suffering from overweight. In some embodiments the invention
relates to a method for treatment or prevention of obesity. In some
embodiments the invention relates to use of the derivative of the
present invention for treatment or prevention of obesity. In some
embodiments the subject suffering from obesity is human, such as an
adult human or a paediatric human (including infants, children, and
adolescents). Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based
on height and weight. The formula for calculation is BMI=weight in
kilograms/height in meters.sup.2. A human subject suffering from
obesity may have a BMI of 30; this subject may also be referred to
as obese. In some embodiments the human subject suffering from
obesity may have a BMI of 35 or a BMI in the range of .gtoreq.30 to
<40. In some embodiments the obesity is severe obesity or morbid
obesity, wherein the human subject may have a BMI of
.gtoreq.40.
In some embodiments the invention relates to a method for treatment
or prevention of overweight, optionally in the presence of at least
one weight-related comorbidity. In some embodiments the invention
relates to use of the derivative of a GIP analogue for treatment or
prevention of overweight, optionally in the presence of at least
one weight-related comorbidity. In some embodiments the subject
suffering from overweight is human, such as an adult human or a
paediatric human (including infants, children, and adolescents). In
some embodiments a human subject suffering from overweight may have
a BMI of .gtoreq.25, such as a BMI of .gtoreq.27. In some
embodiments a human subject suffering from overweight has a BMI in
the range of 25 to <30 or in the range of 27 to <30. In some
embodiments the weight-related comorbidity is selected from the
group consisting of hypertension, diabetes (such as type 2
diabetes), dyslipidaemia, high cholesterol, and obstructive sleep
apnoea.
In some embodiments the invention relates to a method for reduction
of body weight. In some embodiments the invention relates to use of
the derivative of a GIP analogue for reduction of body weight. A
human to be subjected to reduction of body weight according to the
present invention may have a BMI of .gtoreq.25, such as a BMI of
.gtoreq.27 or a BMI of .gtoreq.30. In some embodiments the human to
be subjected to reduction of body weight according to the present
invention may have a BMI of .gtoreq.35 or a BMI of .gtoreq.40. The
term "reduction of body weight" may include treatment or prevention
of obesity and/or overweight.
Particular Embodiments
The invention may be further described by the following
non-limiting embodiments: 1. A derivative of a GIP analogue
comprising Formula I (SEQ ID NO: 3):
Tyr-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-Met-Asp-Lys-Ile-His-G-
ln-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-Gly (I), wherein a
modifying group is covalently attached to the side chain of the
epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24, the modifying
group being defined by A-B--C--, wherein A- is a lipophilic moiety
with a negatively charged moiety at the distal end and B--C-- is a
linker; and wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 8 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2), or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or amide thereof. 2. The
derivative according to embodiment 1 comprising Formula II (SEQ ID
NO: 48):
X.sub.1-X.sub.2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ile-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ala-X.sub.14-Asp--
X.sub.16-Ile-X.sub.18-Gln-X.sub.20-Asp-Phe-Val-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln-Lys-
-X.sub.31 (II), wherein Formula II comprises any amino acid at
positions X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18, X.sub.20,
and/or X.sub.31; and wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 8
amino acid substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2).
3. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-2
comprising Formula II, wherein the amino acids at positions
X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18, X.sub.20, and/or
X.sub.31 are selected from (SEQ ID NO: 49): X.sub.1 is Tyr or
D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib, Ala, or D-Ala; X.sub.14 is Leu, Nle, Asp or
Met; X.sub.16 is Lys or Ala; X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is
Gln, Glu or Aib; X.sub.31 is Gly or Pro. 4. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments comprising
Formula II, wherein the amino acids at positions X.sub.1, X.sub.2,
X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18, X.sub.20, and/or X.sub.31 are
selected from (SEQ ID NO: 64): X.sub.1 is Tyr or D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is
Aib, Ala, or D-Ala; X.sub.14 is Leu, Nle, or Met; X.sub.16 is Lys
or Ala; X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is Gln, Glu or Aib;
X.sub.31 is Gly or Pro. 5. The derivative according to any one of
the preceding embodiments comprising formula II, wherein the amino
acids at positions X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18,
X.sub.20, and/or X.sub.31 are selected from (SEQ ID NO: 63):
X.sub.1 is Tyr or D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib or Ala; X.sub.14 is Nle,
Asp or Leu; X.sub.16 is Lys or Ala; X.sub.18 is Arg or His;
X.sub.20 is Gln, Glu or Aib; X.sub.31 is Gly or Pro. 6. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments
comprising formula II, wherein the amino acids at positions
X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18, X.sub.20, and/or
X.sub.31 are selected from (SEQ ID NO: 50): X.sub.1 is Tyr or
D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib or Ala; X.sub.14 is Nle; X.sub.16 is Lys or
Ala; X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is Gln, Glu or Aib; X.sub.31
is Gly or Pro. 7. The derivative according to any one of the
preceding embodiments wherein the derivative is represented by
Formula II, wherein the amino acids at positions X.sub.1, X.sub.2,
X.sub.14, X.sub.16, X.sub.18, X.sub.20, and/or X.sub.31 are
selected from (SEQ ID NO: 65): X.sub.1 is Tyr, Ac-Tyr, D-Tyr or
Ac-D-Tyr; X.sub.2 is Aib, Ala, or D-Ala; X.sub.14 is Leu, Nle, Asp
or Met; X.sub.16 is Lys or Ala; X.sub.18 is Arg or His; X.sub.20 is
Gln, Glu or Aib; X.sub.31 is Gly or Pro or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, or amide thereof. 8. The derivative according to
any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the GIP analogue has
a maximum of 7 amino acid substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31)
(SEQ ID NO: 2). 9. The derivative according to any one of preceding
embodiments wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 6 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 10. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 5 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 11. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 4 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 12. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 3 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 13. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 2 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 14. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue has a maximum of 1 amino acid
substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ ID NO: 2). 15. The
derivative according to embodiments 1-12, wherein the GIP analogue
has 3 to 6 amino acid substitutions as compared to hGIP(1-31) (SEQ
ID NO: 2). 16. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments, wherein the modifying group is A-B--C--, wherein A- is
a lipophilic moiety with a negatively charged moiety at the distal
end and B--C-- is a linker comprising at least one negatively
charged moiety. 17. The derivative according to any one of the
preceding embodiments, wherein the linker B--C-comprises 1 to 6
negatively charged moieties. 18. The derivatives according to any
one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the linker B--C-comprises
1 to 4 negatively charged moieties. 19. The derivatives according
to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one
negatively charged moiety in the linker B--C-- is selected from
gamma-Glu, Glu and/or Asp. 20. The derivatives according to any one
of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one negatively
charged moiety in the linker B--C-- is gamma-Glu. 21. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein A- is Chem. 1
##STR00001## p is an integer in the range of 14-20; wherein *
denotes the position of an amide bond connecting A- and B--. 22.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein B-- is Chem. 2
##STR00002## q is an integer in the range of 0-1; r is an integer
in the range of 1-3; wherein * denotes the position of the amide
bond connecting A- and B--, and ** denotes the position of an amide
bond connecting B-- and C--. 23. The derivative according to any
one of the preceding embodiments, wherein C-- is selected from
Chem. 3 and Chem. 4
##STR00003## s is an integer in the range of 1-3; t is an integer
in the range of 1-4; u is an integer in the range of 1-3; wherein
** denotes the position of the amide bond connecting B-- and C--,
and *** denotes the position of an amide bond connecting C-- and
the epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24. 24. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the modifying group is defined by A-B--C--, wherein A- is
Chem. 1
##STR00004## p is an integer in the range of 14-20; wherein *
denotes the position of an amide bond connecting A- and B--; B-- is
Chem. 2
##STR00005## q is an integer in the range of 0-1; r is an integer
in the range of 1-3; wherein * denotes the position of the amide
bond connecting A- and B--, and ** denotes the position of an amide
bond connecting B-- and C--; C-- is selected from Chem. 3 and Chem.
4
##STR00006## s is an integer in the range of 1-3; t is an integer
in the range of 1-4; u is an integer in the range of 1-3; wherein
** denotes the position of the amide bond connecting B-- and C--,
and *** denotes the position of an amide bond connecting C-- and
the epsilon amino group of the lysine at position 24. 25. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 21 or 24, wherein A-
is Chem. 1 and p is 16-18. 26. The derivative according to any one
of embodiments 22 or 24, wherein B-- is Chem. 2, q is 0-1, and r is
2. 27. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 23-24,
wherein C-- is Chem. 3. 28. The derivative according to embodiment
27, wherein C-- is Chem. 3. and s is 2. 29. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 27-28, wherein C-- is Chem. 3.
and t is 2-3. 30. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 23-24, wherein C-- is Chem. 4. 31. The derivative
according to embodiment 30, wherein C-- is Chem. 4. and u is 2. 32.
The derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-24, wherein
the modifying group A-B--C-- is selected from:
##STR00007## ##STR00008## ##STR00009## 33. The derivative according
to any one of embodiments 2-32, wherein X.sub.1 is Tyr. 34. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-32, wherein
X.sub.1 is D-Tyr. 35. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-34, wherein X.sub.2 is Aib. 36. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-34, wherein X.sub.2 is Ala.
37. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-34,
wherein X.sub.2 is D-Ala. 38. The derivative according to any one
of embodiments 2-37, wherein X.sub.14 is Leu. 39. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-37, wherein X.sub.14 is Nle.
40. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-37,
wherein X.sub.14 is Asp. 41. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-37, wherein X.sub.14 is Met. 42. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-41, wherein X.sub.16 is Lys.
43. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-41,
wherein X.sub.16 is Ala. 44. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-43, wherein X.sub.18 is Arg. 45. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-43, wherein X.sub.18 is His.
46. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-45,
wherein X.sub.20 is Gln. 47. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-45, wherein X.sub.20 is Glu. 48. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-45, wherein X.sub.20 is Aib.
49. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-48,
wherein X.sub.31 is Gly. 50. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-48, wherein X.sub.31 is Pro. 51. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a
peptide defined by Formula III (SEQ ID NO: 51) is attached to the
C-terminal of Formula I or Formula II via an amide bond from the
C-terminal carboxylic acid group of Formula I or Formula II to the
N-terminal amino group of Formula III:
Lys-X.sub.33-X.sub.34-Asp-Trp-Lys-His-Asn-Ile-Thr-Gln (III),
wherein X.sub.33 is Lys, Glu; X.sub.34 is Asn, Glu, or Asp. 52. The
derivative according to embodiment 51, wherein X.sub.33 is Lys. 53.
The derivative according to embodiment 51, wherein X.sub.33 is Glu.
54. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 51-53,
wherein X.sub.34 is Asn. 55. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 51-53, wherein X.sub.34 is Glu. 56. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 51-53, wherein X.sub.34 is Asp.
57. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments, wherein the N-terminal amino acid is acylated. 58. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the N-terminal amino acid is acetylated. 59. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 2-33, 35-58, wherein X.sub.1 is
Ac-Tyr. 60. The derivative according to any one of embodiments
2-32, 34-58, wherein X.sub.1 is Ac-D-Tyr. 61. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the GIP
analogue is a C-terminal carboxylic acid or C-terminal amide. 62.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments,
wherein the GIP analogue is a C-terminal carboxylic acid. 63. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 2-49, 57-62, wherein
X.sub.31 is Gly-OH. 64. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-48, 50, 57-62, wherein X.sub.31 is Pro-OH. 65. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-61, wherein the
GIP analogue is a C-terminal amide. 66. The derivative according to
any one of embodiments 2-49, 57-61, 65, wherein X.sub.31 is
Gly-NH.sub.2. 67. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 2-48, 50, 57-61, 65, wherein X.sub.31 is Pro-NH.sub.2.
68. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments selected from:
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-
-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[-
Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 1, SEQ ID NO: 6)
##STR00010##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 2; SEQ ID NO: 7)
##STR00011##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonad-
ecanoylamino)
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amin-
o]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 3; SEQ ID NO: 8)
##STR00012##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 4; SEQ ID NO: 9)
##STR00013## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 5; SEQ ID NO: 10)
##STR00014## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 6; SEQ ID NO: 11)
##STR00015##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 7; SEQ ID NO:
12)
##STR00016##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 8; SEQ ID NO: 13)
##STR00017##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 9; SEQ ID NO: 14)
##STR00018##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 10; SEQ ID NO: 15)
##STR00019##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 11; SEQ ID NO: 16)
##STR00020##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 12; SEQ ID NO: 17)
##STR00021##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Ala16,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 13; SEQ ID NO: 18)
##STR00022##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Ala16,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 14; SEQ ID NO: 19)
##STR00023##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo-
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]etho-
xy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 15; SEQ
ID NO: 20)
##STR00024## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxy-heptadeca-
noylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]--
[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 16; SEQ ID
NO: 21)
##STR00025##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4--
carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]-
butanoyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ac-
etyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 17; SEQ ID
NO: 22)
##STR00026##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 18; SEQ ID NO:
23)
##STR00027##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo-
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]etho-
xy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Asp14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound
19; SEQ ID NO: 24)
##STR00028##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(-
4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 20; SEQ ID NO: 25)
##STR00029##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(-
4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbon-
yl]-amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 21; SEQ ID NO: 26)
##STR00030##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 22; SEQ ID NO: 27)
##STR00031##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-(19)-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino-
]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
(Compound 23; SEQ ID NO: 28)
##STR00032##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP-
(1-31) (Compound 24; SEQ ID NO: 29)
##STR00033##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24-
]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 25; SEQ ID NO: 30)
##STR00034##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 26; SEQ ID NO: 31)
##STR00035##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide (Compound 27; SEQ ID NO: 32)
##STR00036##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31-
]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 28; SEQ ID NO: 33)
##STR00037##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP-
(1-31) amide (Compound 29; SEQ ID NO: 34)
##STR00038##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound 30; SEQ ID NO:
35)
##STR00039##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo-
hexanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoy-
l]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
31; SEQ ID NO: 36)
##STR00040##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-
-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound 32; SEQ ID NO: 37)
##STR00041##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24,Glu33]-hGIP (Compound 33; SEQ ID NO: 38)
##STR00042##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33]-hGIP (Compound 34; SEQ ID NO: 39)
##STR00043##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecan-
oylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[-
Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP (Compound 35; SEQ ID NO: 40)
##STR00044##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecan-
oylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[-
Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Glu33,Asp34]-hGIP (Compound 36, SEQ ID NO: 41)
##STR00045##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecan-
oylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[-
Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP (Compound 37; SEQ ID NO:
42)
##STR00046##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP (Compound 38; SEQ ID NO: 43)
##STR00047##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Lys24,Glu33,Asp34]-hGIP (Compound 39; SEQ ID NO: 44)
##STR00048##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,N-
le14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP (Compound 40; SEQ ID NO: 45)
##STR00049##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonad-
ecanoyl-amino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethox-
y]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]--
hGIP (Compound 41; SEQ ID NO: 46)
##STR00050##
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-
-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]a-
mino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
(Compound 42; SEQ ID NO: 47)
##STR00051##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoyl-
amino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]e-
thoxy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31) (Compound
43; SEQ ID NO: 59)
##STR00052## N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl-
]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl-
]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide (Compound
44; SEQ ID NO: 60)
##STR00053##
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecan-
oylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[-
Aib2,Leu14,Lys24]-hGIP (Compound 45; SEQ ID NO: 61)
##STR00054##
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butan-
oyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
(Compound 46; SEQ ID NO: 62)
##STR00055##
69. The derivative according to embodiment 68 selected from
compound no. 1-32, 43-44, 46. 70. The derivative according to any
one of embodiments 68-69 selected from compound no. 1-25, 30, 43.
71. The derivative according to any one of embodiments 68-70 which
is compound no. 5. 72. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 68-70 which is compound no. 25. 73. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 68-69 selected from compound
no. 26-29, 31-32, 44, 46. 74. The derivative according to any one
of embodiments 68-69, 73 which is compound no. 31. 75. The
derivative according to embodiment 68 selected from compound no.
33-42, 45. 76. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments which is an agonist at the human GIP receptor. 77. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments which
is capable of activating the human GIP receptor. 78. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which is capable
of activating the human GIP receptor in an assay with whole cells
expressing the human GIP receptor 79. The derivative according to
any one of the preceding embodiments which is capable of activating
the human GIP receptor in a CRE luciferase assay, such as Example 2
described herein. 80. The derivative according to any one of the
preceding embodiments which is an agonist at the human GIP
receptor, with an EC.sub.50 of no more than 900 pM, such as
determined in Example 2 described herein. 81. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which is an
agonist at the human GIP receptor, with an EC.sub.50 of no more
than 500 pM, such as determined in Example 2 described herein. 82.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments
which is an agonist at the human GIP receptor, with an EC.sub.50 of
no more than 200 pM, such as determined in Example 2 described
herein. 83. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments which is selective for the human GIP receptor over the
human GLP-1 receptor and human glucagon receptor. 84. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments which
has a lower EC.sub.50 at the human GIP receptor than at the human
GLP-1 receptor and the human glucagon receptor. 85. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which has an
EC.sub.50 at the human GLP-1 receptor of more than 100000 pM in a
CRE luciferase assay, such as determined in Example 2 described
herein. 86. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments which has an EC.sub.50 at the human GLP-1 receptor of
more than 10000 pM in a CRE luciferase assay, such as determined in
Example 2 described herein. 87. The derivative according to any one
of the preceding embodiments which has an EC.sub.50 at the human
glucagon receptor of more than 100000 pM in a CRE luciferase assay,
such as Example 2 described herein. 88. The derivative according to
any one of the preceding embodiments which has improved
pharmacokinetic properties. 89. The derivative according to any one
of the preceding embodiments which has an increased half-life. 90.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments
which has an increased half-life when determined in minipigs. 91.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments
which has improved physical stability. 92. The derivative according
to any one of the preceding embodiments which has more than 95
percent recovery in a ThT fibrillation assay, such as determined in
Example 4 described herein. 93. The derivative according to any one
of the preceding embodiments which has more than 45 hours lag-time
in a ThT fibrillation assay, such as determined in Example 4
described herein. 94. The derivative according to any one of the
preceding embodiments which has a low DLS-SI value. 95. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments which
has a DLS-SI value of less than 7, preferably less than 2 such as
determined in Example 4 described herein. 96. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which has no
precipitates in a DLS-SI assay, such as determined in Example 4
described herein. 97. The derivative according to any one of the
preceding embodiments which has improved chemical stability. 98.
The derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments
which has a formation of HMWP of no more than 2 percent per month,
such as determined in Example 5 described herein. 99. The
derivative according to any one of the preceding embodiments which
has a purity loss of no more than 35 percent per month, such as
determined in Example 5 described herein. 100. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which has a
purity loss of no more than 6 percent per month, such as determined
in Example 5 described herein. 101. The derivative according to any
one of the preceding embodiments which has the effect in vivo of
reducing food intake as determined in a sub-chronic study in DIO
mice, such as Example 6 described herein. 102. The derivative
according to any one of the preceding embodiments which has the
effect in vivo of inducing body weight loss as determined in a
sub-chronic study in DIO mice, such as Example 6 described herein.
103. The derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments which has the effect of improving glucose tolerance in
vivo as determined in a sub-chronic study in DIO mice, such as
Example 6 described herein. 104. A pharmaceutical composition
comprising the derivative according to any one of the preceding
embodiments, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient. 105. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103, a GLP-1
receptor agonist, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient. 106. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103, a
GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist, and at least one
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 107. The pharmaceutical
composition according to embodiment 105, wherein the GLP-1 receptor
agonist is liraglutide. 108. The pharmaceutical composition
according to embodiment 105, wherein the GLP-1 receptor agonist is
semaglutide (SEQ ID NO: 57). 109. The pharmaceutical composition
according to embodiment 106, wherein the GLP-1/glucagon receptor
co-agonist is
N{Epsilon-28}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[-
(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl-
]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Acb2,Leu10,Leu16,Arg20,Leu27,Lys28]-Glucagon
amide (SEQ ID NO: 52):
##STR00056## 110. The pharmaceutical composition according to
embodiment 106, wherein the GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist is
N{Epsilon-28}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-carb-
oxy-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecan-
oylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-
amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Leu10,Glu15-
,Lys17,Arg20,Glu21,Leu27,Lys28]-Glucagon amide (SEQ ID NO: 53):
##STR00057## 111. The pharmaceutical composition according to
embodiment 106, wherein the GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist is
N{Epsilon-28}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[-
(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)
butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]buta-
noyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Acb2,Leu10,Glu15,Arg20,Glu21,Leu27,Lys28]-Glucagon
amide (SEQ ID NO: 54):
##STR00058## 112. The pharmaceutical composition according to
embodiment 106, wherein the GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist is
N{Epsilon-28}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[-
(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl-
]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amin-
o]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Acb2,Leu10,Leu16,Lys17,Arg20,Glu21,Leu27,Lys28-
]-Glucagon amide (SEQ ID NO: 55):
##STR00059## 113. The pharmaceutical composition according to
embodiment 106, wherein the GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist is
N{Epsilon-28}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[-
(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)
butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]e-
thoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[Aib2,Leu10,Ala16,Arg20,Leu27,Lys28]-Glucagon
amide (SEQ ID NO: 56):
##STR00060## 114. The pharmaceutical composition according to any
one of embodiments 104-113, wherein the derivative is SEQ ID NO:
10. 115. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of
embodiments 104-113, wherein the derivative is SEQ ID NO: 30. 116.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of embodiments
104-113, wherein the derivative is SEQ ID NO: 36. 117. The
pharmaceutical composition according to any one of embodiments
104-116 for use as a medicament. 118. The derivative according to
any one of embodiments 1-103 for use as a medicament. 119. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for use in the
treatment of: (i) prevention and/or treatment of all forms of
diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose
tolerance, type 1 diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, MODY
(maturity onset diabetes of the young), gestational diabetes,
and/or for reduction of HbA1C; (ii) delaying or preventing diabetic
disease progression, such as progression in type 2 diabetes,
delaying the progression of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to
insulin requiring type 2 diabetes, delaying or preventing insulin
resistance, and/or delaying the progression of non-insulin
requiring type 2 diabetes to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes;
(iii) prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders, such as
obesity, e.g. by decreasing food intake, reducing body weight,
suppressing appetite, inducing satiety; treating or preventing
binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and/or obesity induced by
administration of an antipsychotic or a steroid; reduction of
gastric motility; delaying gastric emptying; increasing physical
mobility; and/or prevention and/or treatment of comorbidities to
obesity, such as osteoarthritis and/or urine incontinence; (iv)
weight maintenance after successful weight loss (either drug
induced or by diet and exercise)--i.e. prevention of weight gain
after successful weight loss; (v) prevention and/or treatment of
liver disorders, such as hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver
inflammation or fatty liver. 120. The derivative according to any
one of embodiments 1-103 for use in prevention and/or treatment of
all forms of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes,
impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, non-insulin dependent
diabetes, MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young), gestational
diabetes, and/or for reduction of HbA1C. 121. The derivative
according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for use in delaying or
preventing diabetic disease progression, such as progression in
type 2 diabetes, delaying the progression of impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT) to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes, delaying or
preventing insulin resistance, and/or delaying the progression of
non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes to insulin requiring type 2
diabetes. 122. The derivative according to any one of embodiments
1-103 for use in prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders,
such as obesity, e.g. by decreasing food intake, reducing body
weight, suppressing appetite, inducing satiety; treating or
preventing binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and/or obesity
induced by administration of an antipsychotic or a steroid;
reduction of gastric motility; delaying gastric emptying;
increasing physical mobility; and/or prevention and/or treatment of
comorbidities to obesity, such as osteoarthritis and/or urine
incontinence. 123. The derivative according to any one of
embodiments 1-103 for use in weight maintenance after successful
weight loss (either drug induced or by diet and exercise)--i.e.
prevention of weight gain after successful weight loss. 124. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for use in
prevention and/or treatment of liver disorders, such as hepatic
steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), liver inflammation or fatty liver. 125. The
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for use in the
treatment and/or prevention of weight management, obesity and
obesity related disorders. 126. The derivative according to any one
of embodiments 1-103 for use in the treatment and/or prevention of
all forms of diabetes, e.g. type 2 diabetes, and diabetes related
disorders. 127. Use of the derivative according to any one of
embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament for (i)
prevention and/or treatment of all forms of diabetes, such as
hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1
diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, MODY (maturity onset
diabetes of the young), gestational diabetes, and/or for reduction
of HbA1C; (ii) delaying or preventing diabetic disease progression,
such as progression in type 2 diabetes, delaying the progression of
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to insulin requiring type 2
diabetes, delaying or preventing insulin resistance, and/or
delaying the progression of non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes
to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes; (iii) prevention and/or
treatment of eating disorders, such as obesity, e.g. by decreasing
food intake, reducing body weight, suppressing appetite, inducing
satiety; treating or preventing binge eating disorder, bulimia
nervosa, and/or obesity induced by administration of an
antipsychotic or a steroid; reduction of gastric motility; delaying
gastric emptying; increasing physical mobility; and/or prevention
and/or treatment of comorbidities to obesity, such as
osteoarthritis and/or urine incontinence; (iv) weight maintenance
after successful weight loss (either drug induced or by diet and
exercise)--i.e. prevention of weight gain after successful weight
loss; (v) prevention and/or treatment of liver disorders, such as
hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver inflammation or fatty
liver. 128. Use of the derivative according to any one of
embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament for
prevention and/or treatment of all forms of diabetes, such as
hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1
diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, MODY (maturity onset
diabetes of the young), gestational diabetes, and/or for reduction
of HbA1C. 129. Use of the derivative according to any one of
embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament for delaying
or preventing diabetic disease progression, such as progression in
type 2 diabetes, delaying the progression of impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT) to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes, delaying or
preventing insulin resistance, and/or delaying the progression of
non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes to insulin requiring type 2
diabetes. 130. Use of the derivative according to any one of
embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament for
prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders, such as obesity,
e.g. by decreasing food intake, reducing body weight, suppressing
appetite, inducing satiety; treating or preventing binge eating
disorder, bulimia nervosa, and/or obesity induced by administration
of an antipsychotic or a steroid; reduction of gastric motility;
delaying gastric emptying; increasing physical mobility; and/or
prevention and/or treatment of comorbidities to obesity, such as
osteoarthritis and/or urine incontinence. 131. Use of the
derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for the
manufacture of a medicament for weight maintenance after successful
weight loss (either drug induced or by diet and exercise)--i.e.
prevention of weight gain after successful weight loss. 132. Use of
the derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103 for the
manufacture of a medicament for prevention and/or treatment of
liver disorders, such as hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver
inflammation or fatty liver. 133. Use of the derivative according
to any one of embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament
for the treatment and/or prevention of weight management, obesity
and obesity related disorders. 134. Use of the derivative according
to any one of embodiments 1-103 for the manufacture of a medicament
for treatment and/or prevention of all forms of diabetes, e.g. type
2 diabetes, and diabetes related disorders. 135. A method of
prevention and/or treatment of all forms of diabetes, such as
hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1
diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, MODY (maturity onset
diabetes of the young), gestational diabetes, and/or for reduction
of HbA1C comprising administering a pharmaceutically active amount
of the derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103. 136. A
method of delaying or preventing diabetic disease progression, such
as progression in type 2 diabetes, delaying the progression of
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to insulin requiring type 2
diabetes, delaying or preventing insulin resistance, and/or
delaying the progression of non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes
to insulin requiring type 2 diabetes comprising administering a
pharmaceutically active amount of the derivative according to any
one of embodiments 1-103. 137. A method of prevention and/or
treatment of eating disorders, such as obesity, e.g. by decreasing
food intake, reducing body weight, suppressing appetite, inducing
satiety; treating or preventing binge eating disorder, bulimia
nervosa, and/or obesity induced by administration of an
antipsychotic or a steroid; reduction of gastric motility; delaying
gastric emptying; increasing physical mobility; and/or prevention
and/or treatment of comorbidities to obesity, such as
osteoarthritis and/or urine incontinence comprising administering a
pharmaceutically active amount of the derivative according to any
one of embodiments 1-103. 138. A method of weight maintenance after
successful weight loss (either drug induced or by diet and
exercise)--i.e. prevention of weight gain after successful weight
loss comprising administering a pharmaceutically active amount of
the derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103. 139. A
method of treatment and/or prevention of liver disorders, such as
hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver inflammation or fatty
liver comprising administering a pharmaceutically active amount of
the derivative according to any one of embodiments 1-103. 140. A
method of treatment and/or prevention of weight management, obesity
and obesity related disorders comprising administering a
pharmaceutically active amount of the derivative according to any
one of embodiments 1-103. 141. A method of treatment and/or
prevention of all forms of diabetes, e.g. type 2 diabetes, and
diabetes related disorders comprising administering a
pharmaceutically active amount of the derivative according to any
one of embodiments 1-103.
EXAMPLES
This experimental part starts with a list of abbreviations, and is
followed by a section including general methods for synthesising
and characterising analogues and derivatives of the invention. Then
follows a number of examples which relate to the preparation of
specific derivatives of the invention, and at the end a number of
examples have been included relating to the activity and properties
of these analogues and derivatives (section headed pharmacological
methods).
Examples serve to illustrate the invention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
List of Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the following, in
alphabetical order:
Ac: acetyl
Ado: 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid
Aib: alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
AUC: Area under the curve
BHK: Baby Hamster Kidney
Boc: t-butyloxycarbonyl
BW: body weight
DCC: dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
DCM: dichloromethane
DIC: diisopropylcarbodiimide
DIO: diet-induced obese
DIPEA: N,N-diisopropylethylamine or Hunig's base
DLS-SI: Dynamic Light Scattering Stability Index
DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
DMF: dimethyl formamide
DODT: 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol
EDTA: ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid
ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum
Fmoc: 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl
GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1
HFIP: 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol or
hexafluoroisopropanol
HMWP: High Molecular Weight Protein
HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HSA: Human Serum Albumin
i.p.: intraperitoneal
IPGTT: intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
i.v.: intravenously
kcal: kilocalorie
kg: kilogram
LCMS: Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy
MeCN: acetonitrile
mM: millimolar
Mtt: 4-methyltrityl
Nle: norleucine
NMP: N-methyl pyrrolidone
Oxyma Pure.RTM.: Cyano-hydroxyimino-acetic acid ethyl ester
PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline
PK: pharmacokinetic
pM: picomolar
QTof: Quantitative Time of Flight
R.sub.h: Stoke radius
s.c.: subcutaneously
SD: Standard deviation
SEC-HPLC: Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SEC-MS: Size Exclusion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
SEM: Standard error on the mean
tBu: t-butyl
TFA: trifluoroacetic acid
ThT: Thioflavin T
TIS: triisopropylsilane
Trt: triphenylmethyl (trityl)
Trx: tranexamic acid
UPLC: Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
General Methods of Preparation
This section relates to methods for solid phase peptide synthesis
(SPPS methods, including methods for de-protection of amino acids,
methods for cleaving the peptide from the resin, and for its
purification), as well as methods for detecting and characterising
the resulting peptide (LCMS methods).
Resins employed for the preparation of C-terminal peptide amides
were PAL Amide AM resin (loading e.g. 0.6 mmol/g) or H-Rink
Amide-ChemMatrix resin (loading e.g. 0.5 mmol/g) or Rink Amide AM
polystyrene resin (loading e.g. 0.3-0.7 mmol/g). The resin employed
for the preparation of C-terminal peptide glycyl-acids was
Fmoc-Gly-Wang polystyrene resin (loading e.g. 0.3-0.7 mmol/g).
The Fmoc-protected amino acid derivatives used, unless specifically
stated otherwise, were the standard recommended: Fmoc-Ala-OH,
Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH,
Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH,
Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH,
Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH,
Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH (in case of method SPPS_A and
SPPS_D) or Fmoc-Trp-OH (in case of methods SPPS_B and SPPS_C),
Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH, Fmoc-Aib-OH,
Fmoc-Nle-OH, Fmoc-D-Tyr-(tBu)-OH, etc. supplied from e.g. AAPPTEC,
Anaspec, Bachem, Chemlmpex, Iris Biotech, Midwest Biotech, Gyros
Protein Technologies or Novabiochem. Where nothing else is
specified the natural L-form of the amino acids are used. When the
N-terminal amino acid was not acetylated, the N-terminal amino acid
was Boc protected at the alpha amino group, either by using a
reagent with the Boc group pre-installed (e.g. Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH for
peptides with Tyr at the N-terminus) or by exchanging the
N-terminal Fmoc protective group for the Boc protective group after
installation of the amino acid at the peptide N-terminus.
In case of modular albumin binding moiety attachment using SPPS,
the following suitably protected building blocks such as but not
limited to Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (Fmoc-Ado-OH),
Fmoc-tranexamic acid (Fmoc-Trx-OH), Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, octadecanedioic
acid mono-tert-butyl ester, nonadecanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl
ester, eicosanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester, tetradecanedioic
acid mono-tert-butyl ester, or 4-(9-carboxynonyloxy) benzoic acid
tert-butyl ester were used. All operations stated below were
performed within a 100-450 .mu.mol synthesis scale range.
Synthesis of Resin-Bound Protected Backbone
Method: SPPS_A
SPPS was performed using Fmoc based chemistry on a SymphonyX Solid
Phase Peptide Synthesizer from Protein Technologies (Tucson, Ariz.
85714 U.S.A.). Fmoc-deprotection was achieved with 20% piperidine
in DMF, containing 0.1M Oxyma Pure.RTM.. Peptide couplings were
performed using DIC/Oxyma Pure.RTM.. Amino acid/Oxyma Pure.RTM.
solutions (0.3 M/0.3 M in DMF at a molar excess of 4-8 fold) were
added to the resin followed by the same molar equivalent of DIC
(1.5M in DMF) and collidine (1.5M in DMF). The step-wise assembly
was done using the following steps: 1) pre-swelling of resin with
DCM and DMF; 2) Fmoc-deprotection by the use of 20% piperidine in
DMF containing 0.1M Oxyma Pure.RTM. for two treatments of 10 min
each; 3) washes with DMF to remove piperidine; 4) coupling of
Fmoc-amino acid with 4-8 eq. of Fmoc-amino acid as a 0.3M solution
in 0.3M Oxyma Pure.RTM. in DMF mixed with an equimolar volume of
DIC and collidine for 1-2 hours; 5) washes with DMF to remove
excess reagents; 6) final wash with DCM at the completion of the
assembly. For peptides bearing N-terminal acetylation, the
Fmoc-deprotected peptidyl resin was treated with 1M acetic
anhydride in DMF for 30-60 min, and then washed with DMF and DCM.
Method: SPPS_B
The protected peptidyl resin was synthesized according to the Fmoc
strategy on an
Applied Biosystems 431A solid-phase peptide synthesizer using the
manufacturer supplied general Fmoc protocols. Mixing was
accomplished by vortexing and occasional bubbling with nitrogen.
The step-wise assembly was done using the following steps: 1)
Fmoc-deprotection by the use of 20% piperidine in NMP for one 3 min
treatment followed by one 15 min treatment; 2) washes with NMP to
remove piperidine; 3) coupling of Fmoc-amino acid with 5-10 eq. of
Fmoc-amino acid, DIC, and HOBt in NMP for 45-90 min; 4) washes with
NMP to remove excess reagents; 5) final washes with DCM at the
completion of the assembly. The standard protected amino acid
derivatives listed above were supplied in preweighed cartridges
(from e.g. Midwest Biotech), and non-standard derivatives were
weighed by hand. Some amino acids such as, but not limited to,
those following a sterically hindered amino acid (e.g. Aib) were
"double coupled" to ensure reaction completion, meaning that after
the first coupling (e.g. 45 min) the resin is drained, more
reagents are added (Fmoc-amino acid, DIC, HOBt), and the mixture
allowed to react again (e.g. 45 min). For peptides bearing
N-terminal acetylation, the Fmoc-deprotected peptidyl resin was
removed from the synthesizer and manually treated with 10% (v/v)
acetic anhydride/10% (v/v) pyridine in DMF for 30-60 min, then
washed with DMF and DCM.
Method: SPPS_C
The protected peptidyl resin was synthesized according to the Fmoc
strategy on a Protein Technologies SymphonyX solid-phase peptide
synthesizer using the manufacturer supplied protocols with minor
modifications. The step-wise assembly was done on a 0.2 mmol basis
using the following steps: 1) pre-swelling of resin in DMF
(3.times.8 mL for 15 min each); 2) Fmoc-deprotection by the use of
20% (v/v) piperidine in DMF (2.times.8 mL for 10 min each); 3)
washes with DMF to remove piperidine (5.times.6 mL); 4) coupling of
Fmoc-amino acid by addition of a mixture of Fmoc-amino acid (12
equvi., 2.4 mmol) and Oxyma Pure.RTM. (12 equvi., 2.4 mmol) as a
0.6 M solution in DMF (4 mL), followed by addition of DIC (12
equvi., 2.4 mmol) as a 1.2 M solution in DMF (2 mL), and addition
of additional DMF (2 mL), then mixing for 0.5-4 h; 4) washes with
DMF to remove excess reagents (3.times.6 mL); 5) final wash with
DCM at the completion of the assembly. Some amino acids such as,
but not limited to, those following a sterically hindered amino
acid (e.g. Aib) were coupled with an extended reaction time (e.g. 4
h) to ensure reaction completion. For peptides bearing N-terminal
acetylation, or for peptides which required installation of an
N-terminal protecting group prior to side chain assembly (e.g.
exchange of Fmoc for Boc protecting group), the N-terminal Fmoc
group was removed by treatment with 20% (v/v) piperidine in DMF as
described above in step 2. Then the peptidyl resin was removed from
the synthesizer and manually treated with 10% (v/v) acetic
anhydride/10% (v/v) DIPEA in DMF for 30-60 min, then washed with
DMF and DCM.
Method: SPPS_D
The protected peptidyl resin was synthesized according to the Fmoc
strategy on a Prelude solid phase peptide synthesiser (Protein
Technologies, Tucson, USA) using the manufacturer supplied machine
protocols. Coupling was done by the use of DCC and Oxyma Pure.RTM.
(Merck, Novabiochem, Switzerland) mediated couplings in NMP. The
coupling of the Fmoc-amino acid was done as described above using
4-8 time excess of amino acid relative to resin substitution (4-8
equvi.). Coupling time ranged from 1-6 h. The Fmoc-Arg(pbf)-OH was
coupled using a double coupling procedure (1 h+1 h). The step-wise
solid phase assembly on the Prelude was done using the following
steps: 1) deprotection (removal of Fmoc) by the use of 25%
piperidine in NMP for 2.times.4 min., step 2) Wash (removal of
piperidine) with NMP and DCM, step 3) Coupling of Fmoc-amino acid
(0.3 M Fmoc-amino acid in 0.3 M Oxyma Pure.RTM. in NMP) 4-8 equvi.
excess for 1-4 h coupling initiated by adding 1/10 volume of 3 M
DCC in NMP and 1/10 volume collidine in NMP. Mixing was done by
occasional bubbling with nitrogen, step 4) Wash (removal of excess
amino acid and reagents by the use of NMP and DCM). The last step
included washing with DCM which made the resin ready for attachment
of a modifying group on lysine side chain. Attachment of Side
Chains to Resin Bound Protected Peptide Backbone Method: SC_A
The N-epsilon-lysine Mtt protection group was removed by washing
the resin with HFIP/TIS/DCM (75:2.5:22.5, v/v/v) (1.times.5 min and
2.times.20 min) before washing with piperidine, DMF and DCM.
Acylation was performed on a SymphonyX Solid Phase Peptide
Synthesizer from Protein Technologies (Tucson, Ariz. 85714 U.S.A.)
as described in method SPPS_A using stepwise addition of building
blocks such as, but not limited to, Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic
acid (Fmoc-Ado-OH), Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Fmoc-tranexamic acid
(Fmoc-Trx-OH). Introduction of the fatty acid moiety was achieved
using method SPPS_A and a suitable building block, such as, but not
limited to, octadecanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl-ester or
eicosanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester.
Method: SC_B
The N-epsilon-lysine protection Mtt protection group was removed by
washing the resin with 30% HFIP in DCM for two treatments of 45 min
each, following by washing with DCM and DMF.
Acylation was performed on an Applied Biosystems 431A solid-phase
peptide synthesizer using the protocols described in method SPPS_B
using stepwise addition of building blocks, such as, but not
limited to, Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, Fmoc-tranexamic
acid, Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, octadecanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester,
eicosanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester.
Method: SC_C
The N-epsilon-lysine Mtt protective group was removed by washing
the resin with 30% (v/v) HFIP in DCM for two treatments of 1 h
each, followed by washing with DCM and DMF. Acylation was performed
on a SymphonyX Solid Phase Peptide Synthesizer from Protein
Technologies (Tucson, Ariz. 85714 U.S.A.) as described in method
SPPS_C with 4 h coupling times using stepwise addition of building
blocks such as, but not limited to, Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic
acid (Fmoc-Ado-OH), Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Fmoc-tranexamic acid
(Fmoc-Trx-OH). Introduction of the fatty acid moiety was achieved
using method SPPS_C with 4 h coupling times and a suitable building
block, such as, but not limited to, octadecanedioic acid
mono-tert-butyl-ester or eicosanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester.
In certain cases where building blocks were not soluble at a stock
concentration of 0.6 M in DMF (e.g. Fmoc-Trx-OH and eicosanedioic
acid mono-tert-butyl ester), stock concentrations of 0.3 M were
prepared and the addition volume was doubled. Method: SC_D The
N-epsilon-lysine protection Mtt protection group was removed by
washing the resin with 70% HFIP+3% TIS in DCM for two treatments of
15 min each, following by washing with DCM and NMP. Acylation was
performed on a Prelude solid-phase synthesizer using the protocols
described in method SPPS_D using stepwise addition of building
blocks, such as, but not limited to, Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic
acid, Fmoc-tranexamic acid, Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, octadecanedioic acid
mono-tert-butyl ester, eicosanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester.
Method: SC_E The N-epsilon-lysine Mtt protection group was removed
by washing the resin with HFIP/TIS/DCM (75:5:20, v/v/v) (2.times.5
min and 2.times.30 min) before washing with DMF and DCM. Acylation
was performed on a SymphonyX Solid Phase Peptide Synthesizer from
Protein Technologies (Tucson, Ariz. 85714 U.S.A.) as described in
method SPPS_A using stepwise addition of building blocks such as,
but not limited to, Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid
(Fmoc-Ado-OH), Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Fmoc-tranexamic acid (Fmoc-Trx-OH).
Introduction of the fatty acid moiety was achieved using method
SPPS_A and a suitable building block, such as, but not limited to,
octadecanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl-ester or eicosanedioic acid
mono-tert-butyl ester. Cleavage of Resin Bound Peptide and
Purification Method: CP_A
After synthesis the resin was washed with DCM, and the peptidyl
resin subject to a 1.5-3 h treatment with TFA/TIS/water
(95:2.5:2.5, v/v/v) followed by precipitation with diethylether.
The precipitate was washed with diethylether and dissolved in a
suitable mixture of water, acetic acid and/or MeCN. The crude
peptide solution was purified by reversed-phase preparative HPLC
(Waters Deltaprep 4000) on a column containing C18-silica gel.
Elution was performed with an increasing gradient of MeCN in water
containing 0.1% TFA. Relevant fractions were checked by analytical
UPLC. Fractions containing the pure target peptide were pooled and
freeze-dried.
When further purification was necessary, the lyophilized peptide
TFA salt isolated above was dissolved in a neutral aqueous buffer
based on common salts such as, but not limited to, sodium hydrogen
phosphate and purified with reversed-phase preparative HPLC (Waters
Deltaprep 4000) on a column containing C18-silica gel. Elution was
performed with an increasing gradient of MeCN in aqueous sodium
phosphate (90 mM, pH 7.4). Relevant fractions were checked by
analytical UPLC. Fractions containing the pure target peptide were
pooled and after dilution with water, applied to a second
reversed-phase preparative HPLC (Waters Deltaprep 4000) on a column
containing C18-silica gel. Elution was performed with an increasing
gradient of MeCN in water containing 0.1% TFA. Relevant fractions
were pooled and freeze-dried to afford the TFA salt of the target
peptide.
Method: CP_B
Following completion of the sidechain synthesis, the peptidyl resin
was washed with DCM and dried, then treated with TFA/water/TIS
(92.5:5:2.5 v/v/v, 10 mL) for 2 h, followed by precipitation with
diethylether. The precipitate was washed with diethylether and
dissolved in a suitable solvent (e.g. 2:1 water/MeCN or 4:1 25 mM
aqueous NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3/MeCN), with modulation of solution pH if
necessary for full peptide dissolution. Purification was performed
by reversed-phase preparative HPLC (Waters 2545 binary gradient
module, Waters 2489 UV/Visible detector, Waters fraction collector
III) on a Phenomenex Luna C8(2) column (10 pM particle size, 100
.ANG. pore size, 250.times.21.2 mm dimensions). Separation of
impurities and product elution was accomplished using an increasing
gradient MeCN in water containing 0.1% TFA. Relevant fractions were
checked by analytical LCMS. Fractions containing the pure target
peptide were pooled and freeze dried to afford the TFA salt of the
target peptide.
Method: CP_C
After synthesis the resin was washed with DCM, and the peptidyl
resin subject to a 1.5-3 h treatment with
TFA/TIS/water/anisole/DODT (90:2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5, v/v/v/v) followed
by precipitation with diethylether. The precipitate was washed with
diethylether and dissolved in aqueous ammonium bicarbonate
(concentration e.g. 50 mM) and vortexed. To this was added MeCN to
afford a clear, yellow solution. This solution was then filtered
via 0.22 um Stericup prior to being purified by reversed-phase
preparative HPLC (Waters: 2545 pump, 2489 UV-vis, Fr.Collector III)
on a column containing C18-silica gel. Elution was performed with
an increasing gradient of MeCN in water containing 0.1% TFA.
Relevant fractions were checked by analytical UPLC. Fractions
containing the pure target peptide were pooled and freeze dried.
Salt Exchange--Formation of Sodium Salts. Method: SX_A:
The freeze-dried peptide isolated from method CP_A, CP_B, or CP_C
was dissolved in neutral to slightly basic (pH 7-8.5) aqueous
sodium containing buffers, e.g. 0.1-0.2M sodium acetate or sodium
bicarbonate buffers. The buffered solutions containing the peptide
were salt exchanged using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge (1-5 g): The
cartridge was first equilibrated with 4 column volumes of
isopropanol, then 4 column volumes of MeCN, then 8 column volumes
of water. The peptide solution was applied to the cartridge, and
the flow through was reapplied to ensure complete retention of
peptide. The cartridge was washed with 2-4 column volumes of water,
then 4-15 column volumes of buffer solutions (e.g. pH 7.5)
containing sodium salts, such as, but not limited to, NaHCO.sub.3,
NaOAc, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4. The peptide was eluted with 5-10 column
volumes of between 50-80% MeCN in water and lyophilized to afford
the peptide sodium salt as a white solid, which was used as
such.
Method: SX_B:
The peptide solution in H.sub.2O/MeCN/TFA was adjusted with NaOH to
pH 7-8 with a maximum MeCN content of 20%. The mixture was then
applied on a reversed-phase preparative HPLC (Waters Deltaprep
4000) on a column containing C18-silica gel. First an equilibration
was performed with .about.4 column volumes of 0.1M NaOAc followed
by flushing with 2 column volumes of water. Elution was performed
with an increasing gradient of MeCN in water Relevant fractions
were checked by analytical UPLC. Fractions containing the pure
target peptide sodium salt were pooled and freeze dried. General
Methods of Detection and Characterisation LCMS Methods: Method:
LCMS_34:
LCMS_34 was performed on a set up consisting of Waters Acquity UPLC
H Class system and Waters Xevo G2-XS QTof. Eluents: A: 0.1% formic
acid in MQ water; B: 0.1% formic acid in MeCN.
The analysis was performed at RT (column temp 40C) by injecting an
appropriate volume of the sample onto the column which was eluted
with a gradient of A and B. The UPLC conditions, detector settings,
and mass spectrometer settings were: Column: Waters Acquity BEH,
C-18, 1.7 .mu.m, 2.1 mm.times.50 mm. Gradient: Linear 5%-95% B
during 4.0 min at 0.4 ml/min. Detection: MS resolution mode,
ionisation method: ES. Scan: 50-4000 amu.
Method: LCMS_27:
LCMS_27 was performed on a setup consisting of Agilent 1290
infinity series UPLC system and Agilent Technologies LC/MSD TOF
6230 (G6230A). Eluents: A: 0.02% TFA in water: B: 0.02% TFA in
MeCN.
The analysis was performed at RT (column temp 40C) by injecting an
appropriate volume of the sample onto the column which was eluted
with a gradient of A and B. Column: Eclipse C18+, 1.8 .mu.m, 2.1
mm.times.50 mm. Gradient run time: Linear 5-95% B over 4.5 min,
then 95% B for 0.5 min, 95-5% B for 0.5 min, 5% B for 0.5 min at a
flow rate of 0.40 ml/min. Detection: linear reflector mode
(positive); Ionisation method: Agilent Jet Stream source. Scan:
100-3200 (m/z) Method: LCMS_01
LCMS_01 was performed on a setup consisting of Waters Acquity UPLC
system and LCT Premier XE mass spectrometer from Micromass.
Eluents: A: 0.1% Formic acid in MQ water; B: 0.1% Formic acid in
MeCN. The analysis was performed at RT (column temp 40C) by
injecting an appropriate volume of the sample onto the column which
was eluted with a gradient of A and B. The UPLC conditions,
detector settings and mass spectrometer settings were: Column:
Waters Acquity UPLC BEH, C-18, 1.7 .mu.m, 2.1 mm.times.50 mm.
Gradient: Linear 5%-95% B during 4.0 min at 0.4 ml/min. Detection:
214 nm (analogue output from TUV (Tunable UV detector)) MS
ionisation mode: API-ES. Scan: 500-2000 amu.
Example 1
Synthesis of GIP Derivatives
The derivatives of the invention were synthesised according to the
general methods of preparation as described above.
hGIP(1-42); (SEQ ID NO: 1):
H--Y A E G T F I S D Y S I A M D K I H Q Q D F V N W L L A Q K G K
K N D W K H N I T Q-OH
General methods used: SPPS_D, CP_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4983.53 g/mol
LCMS01: found (M+4H)4+1246.17
hGIP(1-31); (SEQ ID NO: 2):
H--Y A E G T F I S D Y S I A M D K I H Q Q D F V N W L L A Q K
G-OH
General methods used: SPPS_A, CP_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 3589.98 g/mol
LCMS01: found (M+3H)3+1197.61
Compound 1 (SEQ ID NO: 6)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00061## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4302.87 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1076.82
Compound 2 (SEQ ID NO: 7)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00062## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4283.82 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1071.82
Compound 3 (SEQ ID NO: 8)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonade-
canoylamino)
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amin-
o]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[Aib2, Nle14,Arg18, Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00063## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4502.20 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1501.50
Compound 4 (SEQ ID NO: 9)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl][Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00064## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4470.12 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1118.11
Compound 5 (SEQ ID NO: 10)
N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18, Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00065## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4344.91 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1449.10
Compound 6 (SEQ ID NO: 11)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2, Nle14,Arg18,
Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00066## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4512.16 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1504.79
Compound 7 (SEQ ID NO: 12)
N{1}-acetyl,
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1-
,Nle14,Arg18, Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00067## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4330.88 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1444.41
Compound 8 (SEQ ID NO: 13)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(-
1-31)
##STR00068## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4498.13 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1500.12
Compound 9 (SEQ ID NO: 14)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00069## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4303.86 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1435.08
Compound 10 (SEQ ID NO: 15)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00070## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4471.10 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1490.79
Compound 11 (SEQ ID NO: 16)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00071## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4259.85 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1420.74
Compound 12 (SEQ ID NO: 17)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00072## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4427.09 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1476.45
Compound 13 (SEQ ID NO: 18)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Ala16,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00073## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4245.78 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1416.06
Compound 14 (SEQ ID NO: 19)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Ala16,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00074## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4413.02 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1471.77
Compound 15 (SEQ ID NO: 20)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbox-
yheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethox-
y]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00075## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4362.97 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1455.09
Compound 16 (SEQ ID NO: 21)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbox-
y-heptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]etho-
xy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00076## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4363.95 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1455.42
Compound 17 (SEQ ID NO: 22)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-c-
arboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]b-
utanoyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ace-
tyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00077## General methods used: SPPS_B, SC_B, CP_B, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4621.19 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1541.12
Compound 18 (SEQ ID NO: 23)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butano-
yl]-[Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00078## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4330.88 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1444.40
Compound 19 (SEQ ID NO: 24)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbox-
yheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethox-
y]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Asp14,Arg18,Glu20, Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00079## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4365.88 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1456.07
Compound 20 (SEQ ID NO: 25)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4-
S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00080## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 4413.92 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1472.07
Compound 21 (SEQ ID NO: 26)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4-
S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbony-
l]-amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle-
14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00081## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4581.17 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1527.78
Compound 22 (SEQ ID NO: 27)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Glu20,Lys24]-hGIP(-
1-31)
##STR00082## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4480.07 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1494.13
Compound 23 (SEQ ID NO: 28)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Glu20,Lys24]-
-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00083## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4499.11 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1500.47
Compound 24 (SEQ ID NO: 29)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Aib20,Lys24]-hGIP(-
1-31)
##STR00084## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4436.06 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1479.46
Compound 25 (SEQ ID NO: 30)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20,Lys24]-
-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00085## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4455.10 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1485.81
Compound 26 (SEQ ID NO: 31)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide
##STR00086## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4509.20 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1503.84
Compound 27 (SEQ ID NO: 32)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide
##STR00087## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4490.15 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1497.49
Compound 28 (SEQ ID NO: 33)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-
-hGIP(1-31) amide
##STR00088## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4537.21 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1135.13
Compound 29 (SEQ ID NO: 34)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(-
1-31) amide
##STR00089## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4518.16 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1130.37
Compound 30 (SEQ ID NO: 35)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cycloh-
exanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-
]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00090## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4627.24 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1130.37
Compound 31 (SEQ ID NO: 36)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cycloh-
exanecarbonyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-
]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
##STR00091## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4551.23 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1517.81
Compound 32 (SEQ ID NO: 37)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino-
]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Lys24,Pro31]--
hGIP(1-31) amide
##STR00092## General methods used: SPPS_C, SC_C, CP_C, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4532.19 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+3H)3+1511.44
Compound 33 (SEQ ID NO: 38)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Lys24,Glu33]-hGIP
##STR00093## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 5678.32 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1420.54
Compound 34 (SEQ ID NO: 39)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33]-hGIP
##STR00094## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 5697.36 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1425.29
Compound 35 (SEQ ID NO: 40)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecano-
ylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[A-
ib2,Nle14,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
##STR00095## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5725.41 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1432.25
Compound 36 (SEQ ID NO: 41)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecano-
ylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[A-
ib2,Nle14,Lys24,Glu33,Asp34]-hGIP
##STR00096## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5711.39 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1428.75
Compound 37 (SEQ ID NO: 42)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecano-
ylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[A-
ib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
##STR00097## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5744.46 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1437.03
Compound 38 (SEQ ID NO: 43)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
##STR00098## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5693.33 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1424.24
Compound 39 (SEQ ID NO: 44)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Lys24,Glu33,Asp34]-hGIP
##STR00099## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5679.30 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1420.79
Compound 40 (SEQ ID NO: 45)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17--
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-[Aib2,Nl-
e14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
##STR00100## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5712.37 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1429.00
Compound 41 (SEQ ID NO: 46)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonade-
canoyl-amino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy-
]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-h-
GIP
##STR00101## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5911.71 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1478.81
Compound 42 (SEQ ID NO: 47)
N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4--
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]am-
ino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl][Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Glu33,Glu34]-hGIP
##STR00102## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5879.62 g/mol LCMS_27: found
(M+4H)4+1470.81
Compound 43 (SEQ ID NO: 59)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoyla-
mino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]et-
hoxy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Nle14,Arg18,Aib20, Lys24]-hGIP(1-31)
##STR00103## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_E, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4358.08 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+3H)3+1452.82
Compound 44 (SEQ ID NO: 60)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoyla-
mino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]et-
hoxy]acetyl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31)
amide
##STR00104## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_E, CP_A, SX_A
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4454.21 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+3H)3+1484.83
Compound 45 (SEQ ID NO: 61)
N{Epsilon-24}-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecano-
ylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-[A-
ib2,Leu14,Lys24]-hGIP
##STR00105## General methods used: SPPS_D, SC_D, CP_A Molecular
weight (average) calculated: 5709.46 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+4H)4+1428.36
Compound 46 (SEQ ID NO: 62)
N{1}-acetyl,N{Epsilon-24}-[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-ca-
rboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butano-
yl]-[D-Tyr1,Aib2,Nle14,Arg18,Lys24,Pro31]-hGIP(1-31) amide
##STR00106## General methods used: SPPS_A, SC_A, CP_A, SX_B
Molecular weight (average) calculated: 4383.99 g/mol LCMS_34: found
(M+3H)3+1461.99 Pharmacological Methods
The utility of the derivatives of the present invention as
pharmacologically active agents in the reduction of weight gain and
treatment of obesity in mammals, such as humans, and for the
treatment of diabetes and NASH may be demonstrated by the activity
of the agonists in conventional assays and in the in vitro and in
vivo assays described below.
Such assays also provide a means whereby the activities of the
derivatives of the invention can be compared with activities of
known compounds.
Example 2
In Vitro Potency (CRE Luciferase; Whole Cells)
The purpose of this example is to test the activity, or potency, of
the derivatives in vitro at the human GIP receptor as well as at
the human GLP-1 receptor and the human glucagon receptor. The in
vitro potency is the measure of human GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon
receptor activation, respectively, in a whole cell assay.
The potencies of the derivatives of Example 1 were determined as
described below. hGIP and C-terminal truncated hGIP(1-31) as well
as hGLP-1(7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 4) and human glucagon (hGcg) (SEQ ID
NO: 5) were included for comparison.
Principle:
In vitro potency was determined by measuring the response of the
human GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptor in a reporter gene assay in
individual cell lines. The assay was performed in stably
transfected BHK cell lines that expresses either the human GIP
receptor, the human GLP-1 receptor or the human glucagon receptor
and where each contains the DNA for the cAMP response element (CRE)
coupled to a promoter and the gene for firefly luciferase (CRE
luciferase). When the respective receptor is activated it results
in the production of cAMP, which in turn results in the luciferase
protein being expressed. When assay incubation is completed the
luciferase substrate (luciferin) is added and the enzyme converts
luciferin to oxyluciferin to produce bioluminescence. The
luminescence is measured as the readout for the assay.
Cell Culture and Preparation
The cells used in this assay (BHK CRE luc2P hGIPR clone #5, BHK CRE
luc2P hGLP-1R clone #6, BHK CRE luc2P hGCGR clone #18) were BHK
cells with BHKTS13 as a parent cell line. The cells were derived
from a clone containing the CRE luciferase element and were
established by further transfection with the respective receptor to
obtain the current clone.
The cells were cultured at 5% CO.sub.2 in Cell Culture Medium. They
were aliquoted and stored in liquid nitrogen. The cells were kept
in passage and were seeded out the day before each assay.
Materials
The following chemicals were used in the assay: Pluronic F-68 (10%)
(Gibco 2404), human serum albumin (HSA) (Sigma A9511), 10% FBS
(fetal bovine serum; Invitrogen 16140-071), fetal ovalbumin (Sigma
A5503), DMEM w/o phenol red (Gibco 11880-028), 1 M Hepes (Gibco
15630), Glutamax 100.times. (Gibco 35050), G418 (Invitrogen
10131-027), hygromycin (Invitrogen 10687-010), 1% pen/strep
(penicillin/streptomycin; Invitrogen 15140-122) and steadylite plus
(Perkin Elmer 6016757).
Buffers
Cell Culture Medium consisted of DMEM medium with 10% FBS, 1 mg/ml
G418, 1 mg/ml hygromycin and 1% pen/strep (penicillin/streptomycin;
Invitrogen 15140-122).
Assay Medium consisted of DMEM w/o phenol red, 10 mM Hepes and
1.times. Glutamax. The Assay Buffer consisted of 1% ovalbumin and
0.1% Pluronic F-68 in Assay Medium with the addition of human serum
albumin at twice the indicated concentrations. The assay Medium was
mixed 1:1 with an equal volume of the test compound in Assay Buffer
to give the final assay concentration of serum albumin.
Procedure
1) Cells were plated at 5000 cells/well and incubated
overnight.
2) Cells were washed three times in PBS.
3) Assay Medium (50 .mu.l aliquot) with or without serum albumin
was added to each well in the assay plate.
4) Stocks of the test compounds and reference compounds were
diluted to a concentration of 0.2 .mu.M in Assay Buffer. Compounds
were diluted 10-fold to give the following concentrations:
2.times.10.sup.-7 M, 2.times.10.sup.-8 M; 2.times.10.sup.-9 M,
2.times.10.sup.-1.degree. M, 2.times.10.sup.-11 M,
2.times.10.sup.-12 M, 2.times.10.sup.-13 M, and 2.times.10.sup.-14
M. 5) A 50 .mu.l aliquot of compound or blank was transferred from
the dilution plate to the assay plate. Compounds were tested at the
following final concentrations: 1.times.10.sup.-7 M,
1.times.10.sup.-8 M; 1.times.10.sup.-9 M, 1.times.10.sup.-1.degree.
M, 1.times.10.sup.-11M, 1.times.10.sup.-12 M, 1.times.10.sup.-13 M,
and 1.times.10.sup.-14 M. 6) The assay plate was incubated for 3 h
in a 5% CO.sub.2 incubator at 37.degree. C. 7) The assay plate was
removed from the incubator and allowed to stand at room temperature
for 15 min. 8) The cells were washed three times with PBS plus some
liquid in each well. 9) A 100 .mu.l aliquot of steadylite plus
reagent was added to each well of the assay plate (reagent was
light sensitive). 10) Each assay plate was covered with aluminum
foil to protect it from light and shaken for 30 min at room
temperature. 11) Each assay plate was read in a microtiter plate
reader. Calculations and Results
The data from the microtiter plate reader was transferred to
GraphPad Prism software. The software performs a non-linear
regression (log(agonist) vs response). EC.sub.50 values which were
calculated by the software and reported in pM are shown in Table 1
below.
A minimum of two replicates was measured for each sample. The
reported values are averages of the replicates.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Potencies, EC.sub.50 hGIP-R, hGLP-1-R,
hGcg-R CRE Luc CRE Luc CRE Luc Compound 0.2% HSA 0.2% HSA 0.2% HSA
No. EC.sub.50 (pM) EC.sub.50 (pM) EC.sub.50 (pM) hGIP(1-42) 4.98
>100000 >100000 hGIP(1-31) 2.24 nd nd hGLP-1(7-37) >100000
3.9* >100000* hGcg >100000 1094 14.3 1 40.49 >100000*
>100000* 2 49.89 >100000* >100000* 3 44.74 nd nd 4 72.12
nd nd 5 20.90 >10000* nd 6 134.67 nd nd 7 48.93 nd nd 8 179.57
nd nd 9 62.94 nd nd 10 252.27 nd nd 11 9.40 nd nd 12 71.17 nd nd 13
72.47 nd nd 14 265.53 nd nd 15 30.44 nd nd 16 25.03 nd nd 17 43.10
nd nd 18 545.53 nd nd 19 91.53 nd nd 20 158.46 nd nd 21 810.27 nd
nd 22 547.20 nd nd 23 135.62 nd nd 24 152.88 nd nd 25 123.86
>10000* nd 26 61.50 nd nd 27 67.47 nd nd 28 76.23 nd nd 29 71.19
nd nd 30 84.20 nd nd 31 26.05 >10000* >100000* 32 38.35 nd nd
33 21.29 >100000* >100000* 34 20.15 >100000* >100000*
35 5.45 >100000 >100000 36 5.97 >100000 >100000 37 4.12
>100000 >100000 38 9.00 >100000 >100000 39 5.90
>100000 >100000 40 4.47 >100000 >100000 41 14.00 nd nd
42 22.00 nd nd 45 56.00 >100000* >100000* 46 21.2 >100000
nd *Assay performed in presence of 1% HSA; nd = not determined.
The derivatives of the present invention all display good GIP
potency and substantially no activity or no measurable activity at
the human GLP-1 receptor and the human glucagon receptor under the
given conditions.
Example 3
Pharmacokinetic Study in Minipigs
The purpose of this study is to determine the half-life in vivo of
the derivatives of the present invention after i.v. administration
to minipigs, i.e. the prolongation of their time in the body and
thereby their time of action. This is done in a pharmacokinetic
(PK) study, where the terminal half-life of the derivative in
question is determined. By terminal half-life is generally meant
the period of time it takes to halve a certain plasma
concentration, measured after the initial distribution phase.
Study:
Female Gottingen minipigs were obtained from Ellegaard Gottingen
Minipigs (Dalmose, Denmark) approximately 7-14 months of age and
weighing from approximately 16-35 kg were used in the studies. The
minipigs were housed individually and fed restrictedly once daily
with SDS minipig diet (Special Diets Services, Essex, UK).
After at 3 weeks of acclimatisation two permanent central venous
catheters were implanted in vena cava caudalis in each animal. The
animals were allowed 1 week recovery after the surgery, and were
then used for repeated pharmacokinetic studies with a suitable
wash-out period between successive derivative dosing.
The animals were fasted for approximately 18 hours before dosing
and from 0 to 4 hours after dosing, but had ad libitum access to
water during the whole period.
The GIP derivatives of Examples 1 were dissolved in an 8 mM sodium
phosphate buffer pH 7.8, containing, 236 mM propylene glycol to a
concentration of 50 nmol/ml. Intravenous injections (the volume
corresponding to usually 5 nmol/kg, for example 0.1 ml/kg) of the
compounds were given through one catheter, and blood was sampled at
predefined time points for up till 13 days post dosing (preferably
through the other catheter). Blood samples (for example 0.8 ml)
were collected in EDTA buffer (8 mM) and then centrifuged at
4.degree. C. and 1942G for 10 minutes.
Sampling and Analysis:
Plasma was pipetted into Micronic tubes on dry ice, and kept at
-20.degree. C. until analysed for plasma concentration of the
respective GIP peptide derivative using ELISA or a similar antibody
based assay or LCMS. Individual plasma concentration-time profiles
were analysed by a non-compartmental model in Phoenix WnNonLin ver.
6.4. (Pharsight Inc., Mountain View, Calif., USA), and the
resulting terminal half-lives (harmonic mean) determined.
Results:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Half-life (t.sub.1/2) t.sub.1/2 (hours)
Compounds harmonic mean no. n (min-max) 3 3 96 (93-98) 4 3 124
(116-132) 5 2 79 (73-79) 6 3 125 (121-130) 7 2 84 (82-87) 8 3 106
(92-118) 11 2 89 (86-91) 12 3 132 (120-141) 15 2 81 (80-82) 17 3 88
(86-91) 23 3 119 (112-126) 24 3 125 (122-127) 25 2 125 (119-134) 26
3 109 (101-118) 27 3 147 (145-151) 28 3 104 (91-116) 29 3 119
(103-138) 30 3 99 (88-107) 31 2 128 (125-130) 32 3 121
(100-137)
The tested GIP derivatives have very long half-lives as compared to
the half-life of hGIP(1-42) measured in man to be about 5 min
[Meier et al., Diabetes, Vol. 59, 2004, 654-662] or 7 min [Deacon
et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab., Vol. 85, No. 10, 2000,
3575-3581].
Example 4
Physical Stability of Peptide Compositions (ThT Fibrillation Assay
and DLS_SI)
The purpose of this study is to assess the physical stability of
the derivatives of the invention in aqueous solutions in a ThT
assay and DLS-SI assay as explained below.
ThT Assay:
The Thioflavin T assay was performed as outlined in Schlein (2017),
AAPS J, 19(2), 397-408.
Low physical stability of a peptide may lead to amyloid fibril
formation, which is observed as well-ordered, thread-like
macromolecular structures in the sample, which eventually may lead
to gel formation. This has traditionally been measured by visual
inspection of the sample. However, that kind of measurement is very
cumbersome and depending on the observer. Therefore, the
application of a small molecule indicator probe is much more
advantageous. Thioflavin T (ThT) is such a probe and has a distinct
fluorescence signature when binding to fibrils [Naiki et al. (1989)
Anal. Biochem. 177, 244-249; LeVine (1999) Methods. Enzymol. 309,
274-284].
The time course for fibril formation can be described by a
sigmoidal curve with the following expression [Nielsen et al.
(2001) Biochemistry 40, 6036-6046]:
.times..times..tau..times. ##EQU00001##
Here, F is the ThT fluorescence at the time t. The constant t0 is
the time needed to reach 50% of maximum fluorescence. The two
important parameters describing fibril formation are the lag-time
calculated by t0-2.tau. and the apparent rate constant kapp
1/.tau..
Formation of a partially folded intermediate of the peptide is
suggested as a general initiating mechanism for fibrillation. Few
of those intermediates nucleate to form a template onto which
further intermediates may assembly and the fibrillation proceeds.
The lag-time corresponds to the interval in which the critical mass
of nucleus is built up and the apparent rate constant is the rate
with which the fibril itself is formed.
Samples are prepared freshly before each assay. The drug substance
was solved with 250 .mu.M of the GIP derivative in 8 mM phosphate,
14 mg/mL propylene glycol, 58 mM phenol, pH 7.4. The pH of the
sample was adjusted to the desired value using appropriate amounts
of concentrated NaOH and HCl. Thioflavin T was added to the samples
from a stock solution in H.sub.2O to a final concentration of 1
.mu.M.
Sample aliquots of 200 .mu.l were placed in each well of a 96 well
microtiter plate (Packard OptiPlate.TM.-96, white polystyrene).
Four replica of each sample (corresponding to one test condition)
was placed in one column of wells. The plate was sealed with Scotch
Pad (Qiagen).
Incubation, shaking and measurement of the ThT fluorescence
emission were done in a Fluoroskan Ascent FL fluorescence
platereader (Thermo Labsystems). The plate was incubated at
37.degree. C. with orbital shaking adjusted to 960 rpm with an
amplitude of 1 mm. Fluorescence measurement was done using
excitation through a 444 nm filter and measurement of emission
through a 485 nm filter. The assay was completed after 45 hours of
incubation.
Each run was initiated by incubating the plate at the assay
temperature for 10 min. The plate was measured every 20 minutes for
a desired period of time. Between each measurement, the plate was
shaken and heated as described.
After completion of the ThT assay the replica of each sample was
pooled and centrifuged at 20000 rpm for 30 minutes at 18.degree. C.
The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter and an
aliquot was transferred to a HPLC vial. The concentration of the
filtered sample relative to the initial sample (in percentage) was
reported as the recovery.
The measurement points were saved in Microsoft Excel format for
further processing and curve drawing and fitting was performed
using GraphPad Prism. The background emission from ThT in the
absence of fibrils was negligible. The data points were a mean of
the four replica and shown with standard deviation error bars. Only
data obtained in the same experiment (i.e. samples on the same
plate) were presented in the same graph ensuring a relative measure
of fibrillation between experiments.
The data set may be fitted to Eq. (1). However, the lag time before
fibrillation reported herein was determined by visual inspection of
the curve identifying the time point at which ThT fluorescence
increases significantly above the background level. No increase in
ThT fluorescence during the duration of the assay was reported as a
lag time of 45 hours.
Dynamic Light Scattering Stability Index (DLS-SI) for Evaluation of
Physical Stability of Peptides in Solution:
The hydrodynamic radius (R.sub.h, synonym: Stokes radius) of a
peptide in solution is an indicator for the size and oligomeric
state of the biomolecule in solution and can be measured by dynamic
light scattering (DLS). Changes in hydrodynamic radius (R.sub.h)
over time can be an indicator for changes in size and oligomeric
state and therefore an indicator for physical instability of the
peptide in solution. Samples were freshly prepared before each
assay. The drug substance was solved with 250 .mu.M of the GIP
derivative in 8 mM phosphate, 14 mg/mL propylene glycol, 58 mM
phenol, pH 7.4. The pH of the sample was adjusted to the desired
value using appropriate amounts of concentrated NaOH and HCl. 400
.mu.L of each freshly prepared sample were filtered through
non-sterile Whatman.RTM. Anotop.RTM. 10 syringe filter with 0.02
.mu.m pore size whereby the first two drops were discarded. 25
.mu.L filtered sample was placed per well in a 384 well microtiter
plate (Corning.RTM. 3540 Polystyrene, black with flat, clear
bottom), each sample was analysed as three replicas. Sample in each
well was covered with 15 .mu.L Silicone oil (Sigma-Aldrich,
viscosity 20 cSt at 25.degree. C.). Plate was centrifuged for 5 min
at 1200 rpm (Eppendorf.RTM. centrifuge 5430, rotor A 2 MTP) and
placed in Wyatt DynaPro Plate Reader II for 30 min before start of
measurement for temperature equilibration of sample to 25.degree.
C. The Wyatt DynaPro Plate Reader II was equipped with 830 nm laser
and the software Dynamics v7.5. Each sample in each well was
analysed with a data acquisition interval of 5 sec and 40
acquisitions per sample. After measurement plate was covered with
Adhesive Film for Microplates (VWR polypropylene heat resistant
film) and incubated for 4 weeks at 25.degree. C. The samples were
re-measured by DLS after 1, 2 and 4 weeks with same parameter.
After measurement the data of each sample were first filtered by
the Dynamics software v7.5 with Minimum Amplitude: 0.03, Maximum
Amplitude: 1, Baseline Limit (1+/-): 0.005 and Maximum SOS: 100.
Afterwards the time-autocorrelation function of each measured
sample was peer reviewed before calculation of DLS-SI according to
Eq. (2). In the DLS-SI assay changes of cumulant R.sub.h are
defined as stability index depending on the time by:
.function..function..function..times..times..sigma..times.
##EQU00002## with DLS-SI as stability index depending on time (t),
the difference between the cumulant hydrodynamic radius, R.sub.h at
the begin (t.sub.0) and end (t) of the stability investigation
normalised by the statistical significant variability 2a. The
analytical variability of R.sub.h-measurements under such
conditions was comprehensive investigated and resulted in
.sigma.=0.3 nm. A DLS-SI value larger than 1 represents a
statistical significant change in R.sub.h. The larger the DLS-SI
value the more changes R.sub.h over time. Results:
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 ThT assay lag time and recovery at pH 7.4,
and DLS-SI. ThT Assay ThT Assay DLS-SI DLS-SI Compound Lag Recovery
Dimen- precip- No. time (h) (%) sionless itates hGIP(1-42) 0.33 0
1.sup.# No.sup.# hGIP(1-31) 0 49 1000.sup.## Yes.sup.## 1 >45
104.5 1.7 No 2 >45 111.5 0 No 3 >45 100 0 No 4 >45 100 0.6
No 5 >45 101 1.1 No 6 >45 100 1.7 No 7 >45 100 1.7 No 8
>45 100 0.6 No 10 >45 95 1.7 No 11 >45 100 0 No 12 >45
115 0.6 No 15 >45 101 1.7 No 17 >45 105 0.6 No 21 >45 104
0 No 22 >45 100 1.7 No 23 >45 100 1.7 No 24 >45 100 1.7 No
25 >45 104 1.7 No 26 >45 104 0 No 27 >45 102 1.7 No 28
>45 100 0 No 29 >45 102 0 No 30 >45 100 1.1 No 31 >45
101 0.6 No 32 >45 100 1.7 No 33 >45 88 nd nd 34 >45 88 nd
nd 43* >45 100 0 No 44** nd nd nd nd 45 >45 93 6.7 No 46
>45 103 1.5 No nd = not determined; .sup.#concentration of
hGIP(1-42) in DLS-SI was only 156 .mu.M instead of 250 .mu.M as
described under sample preparation. .sup.##concentration of
hGIP(1-31) in DLS-SI was only 5 .mu.M instead of 250 .mu.M as
described under sample preparation. *concentration was only 162
.mu.M instead of 250 .mu.M as described under sample preparation.
**Compound not soluble at given pH.
The GIP derivatives tested in ThT assay shows no fibril formation
after 45 hours (lag time) and very high recovery, i.e. the
concentration of GIP derivative recovered after the assay relative
to the initial concentration compared to hGIP(1-42) and hGIP(1-31).
Further, the tendency of hGIP(1-42) and hGIP(1-31) to form fibrils
in solution is shown.
DLS-SI data shows no or only little increase in hydrodynamic radius
for the hGIP(1-42) and the GIP derivatives of the invention,
precipitation was not visible. The change of R.sub.h over time was
significant for hGIP(1-31) and the formation of large aggregates
became visible as precipitation in the DLS instrument.
Accordingly, the GIP derivatives of the invention have a high
physical stability as compared to hGIP(1-42) and hGIP(1-31).
Example 5
Chemical Stability of GIP Derivative Compositions
The aim of this study is to determine the chemical stability of GIP
derivative compositions. As a measure of stability of the GIP
derivative composition, the formation of high molecular weight
peptide formation (% HMWP) as a function of time was analysed by
size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-MS). Further, the purity loss of
the GIP derivative compositions was measured by LCMS.
Formulations:
Samples for chemical stability assays were freshly prepared before
each assay. The drug substance was solved with 250 .mu.M of the GIP
derivative in 8 mM phosphate, 14 mg/mL propylene glycol, 58 mM
phenol, pH 7.4. The pH of the sample was adjusted to the desired
value using appropriate amounts of concentrated NaOH and HCl.
Incubation:
The formulations of the respective GIP derivatives were stored in
an incubator at 37.degree. C. for 4 weeks before being tested on
HMWP formation and purity loss, as described below.
HMWP Formation Analysis:
Formation of covalent oligomers (HMWPs) was analysed and identified
by a SEC-MS method. A Waters Acquity i-class UPLC equipped with
Acquity BEH200 SEC column, 4.6 mm.times.150 mm, 1.7 .mu.m particle
size and pore size of 200 .ANG.. Isocratic elution with 0.05% TFA
in 55% MeCN was performed at a column temperature of 45.degree. C.
and a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The LC system was coupled to both a
TUV detector operated at 215 nm, 10 Hz and a high resolution QToF
mass spectrometer from Waters (Synapt G2S) operated in positive ion
mode and m/z range of 100 to 4000 with normal resolution setting.
Lock mass correction against Leu-Enkephalin was done every 31 sec.
Spectra were processed in MassLynx version 4.1 and MaxEnt
deconvoluted. Results are shown in table 5.
Purity Analysis by LCMS:
For accelerated chemical stability testing relevant samples were
analysed on a Waters Acquity I-class UPLC system coupled with a
Waters Synapt G2S high resolution QToF mass spectrometry system for
purity and impurity identification and characterisation. The UPLC
system was fitted with a Waters Acquity CSH C18 column with a
particle size of 1.7 .mu.m and internal diameter of 1 mm and length
of 150 mm. The column oven was kept at 55.degree. C. The solvent
used was 0.1% formic acid in water (Eluent A), premixed from Thermo
(Optima LS118-1) and for the B eluent 0.1% formic acid in MeCN also
premixed from Thermo (Optima LS120-1). The solvents were pumped
from a binary solvent manager system and mixed on the high pressure
side in a mixer with a volume of 50 .mu.l. The gradient and flow
can be seen in table 4:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 LC Gradient table Time Flow rate (min)
(ml/min) % A % B Curve 0 0.1 70 30 Initial 40 0.1 46 54 6 41 0.1 5
95 6 45 0.1 5 95 6 46 0.1 70 30 6 50 0.1 70 30 6
A Flow-through-needle auto sampler at 8.degree. C. was used to
inject 1 .mu.l of each sample. The effluent passed through a
tunable UV detector (TUV) tuned to 215 nm. The outlet from the UV
detector passed to the electrospray source of the mass
spectrometer. The capillary was held at 3 kV and dry nitrogen gas
was purged at a flow of 750 I/h and a temperature of 250.degree. C.
The source block was kept at 120.degree. C. and the large bore cone
was flushed with nitrogen at 50 I/h with standard electrode
potentials on the rest of the instrument. The MS was operated in
high resolution mode with a nominal resolution of 35000. The ToF
analyser was operated in ADC mode with an m/z window from 100-2000.
A second function with higher collision energy in the trap T-wave
region was used for MSE type experiment with the high energy ramp
having a voltage between 32 and 52 V.
Results:
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 HMWP Formation and purity loss at 37.degree.
C. Compound HMWP formation Purity loss No. (%/month) (%/month)
hGIP(1-42) 2.0 73.1 hGIP(1-31) 0.15 86.9 1 0.30 5.60 2 0.25 3.47 3
0.90 2.80 4 0.50 2.00 5 0.15 2.89 6 0.50 5.20 7 0.00 1.70 8 0.80
6.00 10 1.50 4.80 11 -0.44 2.64 12 0.70 4.40 15 0.24 0.74 17 -0.30
4.00 21 0.40 3.20 22 0.10 4.80 23 0.40 1.60 24 0.70 3.60 25 0.40
2.00 26 1.30 4.40 27 0.85 1.09 28 0.08 1.49 29 0.31 2.10 30 0.10
1.14 31 -0.24 0.49 32 0.66 2.80 33 0.32 34.50 45 8.17 47.22 46
-0.09 2.96
As seen from table 5, the GIP derivatives of the present invention
shows low formation of HMWPs and have low purity loss per month.
Accordingly, they are considered to be chemically stable in
solution.
Example 6
Sub-Chronic In Vivo Studies in Obese Mice
The purpose of this example is to assess the in vivo effect of the
GIP derivatives of the present invention alone and in combination
with a GLP-1 receptor agonist on food intake, body weight, and
glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The GLP-1
receptor agonist used for this example was a semaglutide-like
molecule that has the same pharmacological properties as
semaglutide, but a slightly different structure. The compound may
be synthesised using methods known in the art, e.g. as described by
methods of present Example 1 or as described in WO 2006/097537,
example 4.
Semaglutide-like molecule (compound no. 47; SEQ ID NO: 58):
N.sup.6,26-{18-[N-(17-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-D-.gamma.-glutamyl]-10-oxo-3,-
6,12,15-tetraoxa-9,18-diazaoctadecanoyl}-[8-(2-amino-2-propanoic
acid), 34-L-arginine]human glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37)
##STR00107## The animals were treated once daily with the GLP-1
receptor agonist (compound no. 47) and/or a GIP derivative of the
present invention exemplified by compound no.'s 5, 25 and 31, to
assess weight loss, efficacy and glucose tolerance. Animals and
Diet
All animal protocols were approved by an Institutional Animal Care
and Use Committee and Ethical Review Committee of Novo Nordisk.
Animals were housed according to Novo Nordisk rodent housing
standards, and were given ad libitum access to food and water under
controlled lighting (12 h:12 h light/dark cycle; lights off
18:00-06:00), temperature (23.+-.2.degree. C.) and relative
humidity (50.+-.20%) conditions. DIO male C57BL/6J mice maintained
on a high fat diet (45% kcal fat, RD12451, Research Diets, New
Brunswick, N.J., USA) for 22 weeks were obtained from Charles River
(France). Upon arrival, the mice were single-housed (one mouse per
cage) and allowed to acclimate to their new environment for two
weeks prior to the start of treatment.
Group Allocation and Dosing
Prior to initiation of the study, animals were single-housed and
acclimated to handling for 7 days. The DIO mice were distributed
into groups (n=8/group) such that statistical variations in the
mean and standard deviations of fat mass and body weight were
minimized between groups. Animals were dosed once daily,
subcutaneously with either vehicle or test compound.
Formulation Buffers
All compounds in the study were formulated in the following buffer:
50 mM phosphate; 70 mM sodium chloride; 0.05% polysorbate 80, pH
7.4. Dosing solutions were formulated in glass vials and stored at
2-8.degree. C. Dosing solutions were brought to room temperature
before dosing and returned to 2-8.degree. C. after dosing.
Body Weight and Food Intake
Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured immediately prior to
dosing each day. The average starting body weight of the mice prior
to start of treatment was 45.2.+-.0.2 grams. Results are shown in
Tables 6-8.
IPGTT (Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test)
On the day of the glucose tolerance test (day 15), animals were
fasted for 4 h. Food was removed and animals were transferred to
fresh cages. Animals had access to water but not to food. Tail
blood glucose levels were measured and mice were injected (t=0)
with an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) glucose load of 2 g/kg (200 mg/ml
glucose solution, dose volume 10 ml/kg). Tail blood glucose levels
were measured at times 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes following the
i.p. glucose load. Stratification of the animals during the IPGTT
was such that for example two mice from group 1 are dosed followed
by two mice from group 2, 3, 4, before the next two mice from group
1, 2, 3 etc. were handled. This was to allow for equal distribution
of "time of day" throughout all groups.
Results:
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Study 1, Effects on food intake, body weight
and glucose tolerance in DIO mice treated with the GLP-1 receptor
agonist (compound no. 47, 2 nmol/kg) and/or GIP compound no. 5 (30
nmol/kg). Cumulative Change in iAUC, food intake BW IPGTT Compound
(kcals) Absolute BW (grams) (%) (mM*min) no. Day 14 Day 0 Day 14
Day 14 Day 15 Vehicle 197.0 .+-. 12.2 .sup.a 43.8 .+-. 1.2 .sup.a
43.6 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a -0.6 .+-. 3.6 .sup.a 1038 .+-. 157 .sup.a 5
181.6 .+-. 8.1 .sup.b 43.9 .+-. 1.1 .sup.a 42.2 .+-. 1.1 .sup.ab
-3.8 .+-. 3.4 .sup.b 812 .+-. 141 .sup.a 47 146.3 .+-. 6.8 .sup.b
44.4 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a 38.5 .+-. 1.2 .sup.bc -13.2 .+-. 3.3 .sup.c
543 .+-. 94 .sup.a 5 + 47 117.1 .+-. 8.2 .sup.b 44.6 .+-. 1.2
.sup.a 35.4 .+-. 0.7 .sup.c -20.7 .+-. 2.7 .sup.d 482 .+-. 154
.sup.b .sup.a-d p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple
comparison test for each day; groups not connected by the same
letter (in each column) are significantly different from each
other. Results expressed as mean .+-. SEM, n = 6-8. iAUC = baseline
subtracted area under the curve
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Study 2, Effects on food intake, body weight
and glucose tolerance in DIO mice treatedwith the GLP-1 receptor
agonist (compound no. 47, 2 nmol/kg) and/or GIP compound no. 25 (30
nmol/kg). Cumulative iAUC, food intake Change in IPGTT Compound
(kcals) Absolute BW (grams) BW (%) (mM*min) no. Day 14 Day 0 Day 14
Day 14 Day 15 Vehicle 180.7 .+-. 7.3 .sup.a 40.8 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a
40.1 .+-. 0.7 .sup.a -1.6 .+-. 1.5 .sub.a 1078 .+-. 123 .sup.a 25
170.2 .+-. 7.3 .sup.b 41.1 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a 38.8 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a
-5.6 .+-. 0.8 .sup.b 518 .+-. 36 .sup.b 47 134.9 .+-. 4.3 .sup.b
40.2 .+-. 1.2 .sup.a 34.8 .+-. 1.2 .sup.b -13.6 .+-. 0.7 .sup.c 503
.+-. 55 .sup.b 25 + 47 111.0 .+-. 8.6 .sup.b 40.8 .+-. 1.2 .sup.a
31.9 .+-. 0.9 .sup.b -21.8 .+-. 1.0 .sup.d 375 .+-. 76 .sup.b
.sup.a-d p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison
test for each day; groups not connected by the same letter (in each
column) are significantly different from each other. Results
expressed as mean .+-. SEM, n = 8. iAUC = baseline subtracted area
under the curve
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Study 3, Effects on food intake, body weight
and glucose tolerance in DIO mice treated with the GLP-1 receptor
agonist (compound no. 47, 2 nmol/kg) and GIP compound no. 31 (30
nmol/kg). Cumulative iAUC, food intake Change in IPGTT Compound
(kcals) Absolute BW (grams) BW (%) (mM*min) no. Day 14 Day 0 Day 14
Day 14 Day 15 Vehicle 178.2 .+-. 8.9 .sup.a 44.4 .+-. 1.2 .sup.a
44.4 .+-. 1.4 .sup.a -0.2 .+-. 0.8 .sup.a 1882 .+-. 119 .sup.a 31
161.9 .+-. 5.7 .sup.b 43.9 .+-. 1.2 .sup.a 41.6 .+-. 1.0 .sup.a
-5.2 .+-. 0.9 .sup.b 727 .+-. 76 .sup.b 47 140.2 .+-. 6.7 .sup.b
45.2 .+-. 1.4 .sup.a 40.0 .+-. 1.3 .sup.a -11.2 .+-. 1.6 .sup.c
1441 .+-. 135 .sup.c 31 + 47 110.0 .+-. 6.0 .sup.b 44.3 .+-. 1.5
.sup.a 36 .+-. 1.3 .sup.b -18.7 .+-. 1.6 .sup.d .sup. 1045 .+-. 113
.sup.bc .sup.a-d p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple
comparison test for each day; groups not connected by the same
letter (in each column) are significantly different from each
other. Results expressed as mean .+-. SEM, n = 8. iAUC = baseline
subtracted area under the curve
From Tables 6-8, it is seen that monotherapy with the GLP-1
receptor agonist compound no. 47 (2 nmol/kg) induced a reduction in
food intake that resulted in body weight loss and improvement in
glucose tolerance. Monotherapy with the GIP derivatives of the
invention (compounds 5, 25, 31; 30 nmol/kg) had a minor effect on
food intake resulting in a minor body weight loss than for compound
47. Monotherapy with GIP derivatives 5, 25, 31 all improved glucose
tolerance. Combination therapy of compound 47 (2 nmol/kg) with each
of the GIP derivatives 5, 25, 31 (30 nmol/kg) potentiated the
reduction in food intake and body weight loss at an effect greater
than additive compared with monotherapies. Glucose tolerance of
combination therapy was not improved beyond that achieved with GIP
derivative monotherapy (Tables 6-8).
While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and
described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and
equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art.
It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are
intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within
the true spirit of the invention.
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
1
65142PRTHOMO SAPIENS 1Tyr Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser
Ile Ala Met Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Asn Trp Leu
Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys 20 25 30Lys Asn Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr
Gln 35 40231PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptide 2Tyr Ala Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Met Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln
Asp Phe Val Asn Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
30331PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptide 3Tyr Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe
Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Met Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp
Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25 30431PRTHOMO SAPIENS
4His Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Val Ser Ser Tyr Leu Glu Gly1 5
10 15Gln Ala Ala Lys Glu Phe Ile Ala Trp Leu Val Lys Gly Arg Gly 20
25 30529PRTHOMO SAPIENS 5His Ser Gln Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Tyr
Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asp Ser1 5 10 15Arg Arg Ala Gln Asp Phe Val Gln Trp
Leu Met Asn Thr 20 25631PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 6Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
30731PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 7Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
30831PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoy
lamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]misc_featur-
e(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 8Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe
Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp
Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
30931PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]misc_feature(24)..(24-
)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 9Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln
Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301031PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 10Xaa
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301131PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-misc_fea-
ture(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoy
l] amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 11Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile
Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe
Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301231PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 12Xaa
Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301331PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]misc_feature(24)..(24-
)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 13Xaa Ala Glu Gly
Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln
Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301431PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following
substituent[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy
-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc.
Feature (24)..(24) cont'd butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-
14Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
20 25 301531PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following
substituent[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy
-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]misc_feat-
ure(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]butanoyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 15Tyr Xaa Glu Gly
Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln
Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301631PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 16Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Xaa Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301731PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-misc_fea-
ture(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoy
l]amino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 17Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile
Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Xaa Asp Phe
Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301831PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 18Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Ala1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
301931PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoy
l]amino]-butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys,
in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
19Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Ala1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
20 25 302031PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc.
Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]ami
no]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 20Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr
Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp
Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25 302131PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following
substituent[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxy-misc_feature-
(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
heptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]etho
xy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 21Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser
Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu
Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25 302231PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)- 4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-
4-carboxy-4-(17-misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24)
cont'd carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-
butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-
22Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
20 25 302331PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is Tyr with N-terminal
Acetylmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 23Xaa
Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
302431PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the
epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyhept
adecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24)
cont'd
butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-
24Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Asp Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
20 25 302531PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-
carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc.
Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]- 25Tyr Xaa
Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile
His Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
302631PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-
carboxy-4-[[4-misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]-amino]b
utanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 26Tyr Xaa
Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile
His Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
302731PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)The epsilon amino group of Lys
has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoy
l]-amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 27Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile
Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Glu Asp Phe
Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
302831PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]- 28Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa
Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Glu Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln
Lys Gly 20 25 302931PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]- 29Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa
Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Xaa Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln
Lys Gly 20 25 303031PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]- 30Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa
Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Xaa Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln
Lys Gly 20 25 303131PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]-misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with a C-terminal
amidation 31Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa
Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln
Lys Xaa 20 25 303231PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]-misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation
32Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa
20 25 303331PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]-misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation
33Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa
20 25 303431PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]-misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation
34Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa
20 25 303531PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-Tyrmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has th [(4S)-4-carboxy-4-
[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19
-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]-misc_feature(24)..(-
24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 35Xaa
Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly 20 25
303631PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-
[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19
-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]-misc_feature(24)..(-
24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-misc_feature-
(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation 36Xaa Xaa Glu Gly
Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln
Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
303731PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-
carboxynonadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]-amino]butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]-misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation
37Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa
20 25 303842PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 38Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys
20 25 30Glu Asn Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
403942PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following
substituent[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy
-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc.
Feature (24)..(24) cont'd butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-
39Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
Lys 20 25 30Glu Asn Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404042PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylami
no)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-
40Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
Lys 20 25 30Glu Glu Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404142PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylami
no)misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-
41Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
Lys 20 25 30Glu Asp Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404242PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylami
no)butanoyl]misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 42Tyr Xaa
Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile
Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys 20 25
30Glu Glu Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404342PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 43Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys
20 25 30Glu Glu Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404442PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 44Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys
20 25 30Glu Asp Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404542PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 45Tyr
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10
15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys
20 25 30Glu Glu Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35
404642PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoy
l-misc_feature(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
amino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]etho
xy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 46Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe
Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp
Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys 20 25 30Glu Glu Asp Trp
Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln 35 404742PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)misc_feature(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[4-[(19-misc_fea-
ture(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]butanoy
l]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]- 47Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser
Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val
Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys 20 25 30Glu Glu Asp Trp Lys His
Asn Ile Thr Gln 35 404831PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(16)..(16)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(18)..(18)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa is any amino
acidmisc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is any amino acid 48Xaa Xaa Glu Gly
Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1 5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln
Xaa Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
304931PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
Tyr or d-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Ala, d-Ala, or Aib
(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Leu, Met,
Asp or Nle (norleucine)misc_feature(16)..(16)Xaa is Lys or
Alamisc_feature(18)..(18)Xaa is Arg or Hismisc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa
is Gln, Glu, or Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Gly or Pro 49Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1 5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln Xaa
Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
305031PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa is
Tyr or d-Tyrmisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Ala or Aib
(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)misc_feature(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(norleucine)misc_feature(16)..(16)Xaa is Lys or
Alamisc_feature(18)..(18)Xaa is His or Argmisc_feature(20)..(20)Xaa
is Gln, Glu, or Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)misc_feature(31)..(31)Xaa is Gly or Pro 50Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1 5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln Xaa
Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
305111PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptidemisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Lys or Glumisc_feature(3)..(3)Xaa is Asn, Glu, or Asp 51Lys Xaa Xaa
Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile Thr Gln1 5 105229PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Acb
(1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid)Misc_feature(28)..(28)Xaa is
Lys, in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-
[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-Misc_feature(28)..(28)Mis-
c. Feature (28)..(28) cont'd carboxy
heptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]
acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-Misc_feat-
ure(29)..(29)Xaa is Thr with C-terminal amidation 52His Xaa Gln Gly
Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Leu Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asp Leu1 5 10 15Arg Arg Ala
Arg Asp Phe Val Gln Trp Leu Leu Xaa Xaa 20
255329PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)Misc_feature(28)..(28)Xaa is Lys,
in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-2-
[[(2S)-2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-Misc_feature(28)..(28)Misc. Feature
(28)..(28) cont'd
[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]b
utanoyl]amino]
-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-3-Misc_feature(28)..(28)Misc.
Feature (28)..(28) cont'd
hydroxypropanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl-Misc_feature(29)..(29)Xaa
is Thr with C-terminal amidation 53His Xaa Gln Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser
Asp Leu Ser Lys Tyr Leu Glu Ser1 5 10 15Lys Arg Ala Arg Glu Phe Val
Gln Trp Leu Leu Xaa Xaa 20 255429PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Acb
(1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid)Misc_feature(28)..(28)Xaa is
Lys, in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent [(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-
carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-Misc_feature(28)..(2-
8)Misc. Feature (28)..(28) cont'd
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]ami
no]ethoxy]ethoxy]
acetyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-Misc_feature(29)..(29)Xaa is
Thr with C-terminal amidation 54His Xaa Gln Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp
Leu Ser Lys Tyr Leu Glu Ser1 5 10 15Arg Arg Ala Arg Glu Phe Val Gln
Trp Leu Leu Xaa Xaa 20 255529PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Acb
(1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid)Misc_feature(28)..(28)Xaa is
Lys, in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4
-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17Misc_feature(28)..(28)Misc.
Feature (28)..(28) cont'd
-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]e
thoxy]acetyl]
amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-Misc_feature(29-
)..(29)Xaa is Thr with C-terminal amidation 55His Xaa Gln Gly Thr
Phe Thr Ser Asp Leu Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asp Leu1 5 10 15Lys Arg Ala Arg
Glu Phe Val Gln Trp Leu Leu Xaa Xaa 20 255629PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMisc_feature(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)Misc_feature(28)..(28)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4
-carboxy-4-(17-Misc_feature(28)..(28)Misc. Feature (28)..(28)
cont'd
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]
amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-Misc_feature(29)..-
(29)Xaa is Thr with C-terminal amidation 56His Xaa Gln Gly Thr Phe
Thr Ser Asp Leu Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asp Ala1 5 10 15Arg Arg Ala Arg Asp
Phe Val Gln Trp Leu Leu Xaa Xaa 20 255731PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[2-(2-[2-(2-[2-(2-[4-(17-Carboxyheptadecanoylamino)-4(S)-carboxyb
utyrylamino]ethoxy)ethoxy]acetylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy)acetyl]- 57His
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Val Ser Ser Tyr Leu Glu Gly1 5 10
15Gln Ala Ala Xaa Glu Phe Ile Ala Trp Leu Val Arg Gly Arg Gly 20 25
305831PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is
Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)MISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa is Lys,
in which the epsilon amino group thereof has the following
substituent
[2-(2-[2-(2-[2-(2-[4-(17-Carboxyheptadecanoylamino)-4(R)-carboxyb
utyrylamino]ethoxy)ethoxy]acetylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy)acetyl]- 58His
Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Val Ser Ser Tyr Leu Glu Gly1 5 10
15Gln Ala Ala Xaa Glu Phe Ile Ala Trp Leu Val Arg Gly Arg Gly 20 25
305931PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is
N-acetyl D-TyrMISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclo
hexanecarbonyl]MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Misc. Feature (24)..(24)
cont'd amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-
59Xaa Ala Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1
5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Xaa Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly
20 25 306031PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-TyrMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[4-[(19-MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Misc. Feature
(24)..(24) cont'd
carboxynonadecanoylamino)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]ethoxy]
ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-MISC_FEATURE(31)..(31)Xaa
is Pro with C-terminal amidation 60Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser
Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln Gln Asp Phe Val
Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25 306142PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon amino
group thereof has the following substituent
[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Misc.
Feature (24)..(24) cont'd
carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]ami
no]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]- 61Tyr Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr
Ser Ile Ala Leu Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile His Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp
Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Gly Lys 20 25 30Lys Asn Asp Trp Lys His Asn Ile
Thr Gln 35 406231PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic
polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is N-acetyl
D-TyrMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa is Nle
(Norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(24)..(24)Xaa is Lys, in which the epsilon
amino group thereof has the following substituent
[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-[[(4S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carbo
xyheptadecanoylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]-MISC_FEATURE-
(31)..(31)Xaa is Pro with C-terminal amidation 62Xaa Xaa Glu Gly
Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Lys1 5 10 15Ile Arg Gln
Gln Asp Phe Val Xaa Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
306331PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is
Tyr or d-TyrMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Ala or Aib
(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)MISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa is Asp, Leu,
or Nle (norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(16)..(16)Xaa is Lys or
AlaMISC_FEATURE(18)..(18)Xaa is His or ArgMISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa
is Gln, Glu, or Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(31)..(31)Xaa is Gly or Pro 63Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1 5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln Xaa
Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
306431PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is
Tyr or d-TyrMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Ala, d-Ala, or Aib
(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)MISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa is Leu, Met,
or Nle (norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(16)..(16)Xaa is Lys or
AlaMISC_FEATURE(18)..(18)Xaa is Arg or HisMISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa
is Gln, Glu, or Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric
acid)MISC_FEATURE(31)..(31)Xaa is Gly or Pro 64Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr
Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1 5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln Xaa
Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa 20 25
306531PRTARTIFICIALSynthetic polypeptideMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa is
Tyr, Ac-Tyr, d-Tyr or Ac-d-TyrMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa is Ala,
d-Ala, or Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)MISC_FEATURE(14)..(14)Xaa
is Leu, Met, Asp or Nle (norleucine)MISC_FEATURE(16)..(16)Xaa is
Lys or AlaMISC_FEATURE(18)..(18)Xaa is Arg or
HisMISC_FEATURE(20)..(20)Xaa is Gln, Glu, or Aib
(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid)MISC_FEATURE(31)..(31)Xaa is Gly or Pro
65Xaa Xaa Glu Gly Thr Phe Ile Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ala Xaa Asp Xaa1
5 10 15Ile Xaa Gln Xaa Asp Phe Val Lys Trp Leu Leu Ala Gln Lys Xaa
20 25 30
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