U.S. patent number 10,455,617 [Application Number 15/541,843] was granted by the patent office on 2019-10-22 for terminal apparatus and base station apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA. The grantee listed for this patent is Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Takashi Onodera, Hiromichi Tomeba, Tomoki Yoshimura.
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00000.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00001.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00002.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00003.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00004.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00005.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00006.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00007.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00008.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00009.png)
![](/patent/grant/10455617/US10455617-20191022-D00010.png)
View All Diagrams
United States Patent |
10,455,617 |
Yoshimura , et al. |
October 22, 2019 |
Terminal apparatus and base station apparatus
Abstract
A CCA level is made to be variable efficiently while maintaining
the fairness relating to acquisition of a transmission opportunity
by wireless terminal apparatuses, and thus efficiency of a radio
resource is improved. Provided is a terminal apparatus that
performs wireless communication with a base station apparatus, and
includes; a MAC frame categorization unit categorizing MAC frames,
in each of which media access control header is attached to
transmission data, based on a type of MAC frame; and a QoS control
unit performing a carrier sense using a first CCA level, in a case
where the MAC frame is included in a first category that results
from the categorization by the MAC frame categorization unit, and
performing the carrier sense using a second CCA level different
from the first CCA level, in a case where the MAC frame is included
in a second category different from the first category.
Inventors: |
Yoshimura; Tomoki (Sakai,
JP), Tomeba; Hiromichi (Sakai, JP),
Onodera; Takashi (Sakai, JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha |
Sakai, Osaka |
N/A |
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA (Sakai,
Osaka, JP)
|
Family
ID: |
56355952 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/541,843 |
Filed: |
January 4, 2016 |
PCT
Filed: |
January 04, 2016 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/JP2016/050040 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
July 06, 2017 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2016/111264 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
July 14, 2016 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20180007714 A1 |
Jan 4, 2018 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 6, 2015 [JP] |
|
|
2015-001187 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W
74/0816 (20130101); H04W 84/12 (20130101); H04W
74/0808 (20130101); H04W 92/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04W
74/08 (20090101); H04W 84/12 (20090101); H04W
92/18 (20090101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Graham Smith; Dynamic Sensitivity Control Practical Usage; IEEE
802.11-14/0779r2; Jun. 2014. cited by applicant .
Sean Coffey, DZ Liu, Brian Hart and Guido Hiertz; A Protocol
Framework for Dynamic CCA; IEEE 802.11-14/0872r0; Jul. 14, 2014.
cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Soe; Kyaw Z
Attorney, Agent or Firm: ScienBiziP, P.C.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A first terminal apparatus that communicates with a second
terminal apparatus, the first terminal apparatus comprising: a
processor configured to assess whether a radio resource is idle or
busy, using a carrier sense based on a first threshold value and a
second threshold value; and a transmission unit configured to
transmit a frame, wherein the transmission unit transmits the frame
which includes MAC (Media Access Control) data including
information associated with QoS (Quality of Service) and a PHY
(Physical) header including first information associated with the
carrier sense, the first information associated with the carrier
sense allows the second terminal apparatus to use the second
threshold value, and the PHY header includes second information
indicating difference between the first threshold value and the
second threshold value.
2. The first terminal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
information associated with QoS is information indicating an access
category.
3. The first terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
first information associated with the carrier sense is threshold
information of the carrier sense.
4. The first terminal apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the
threshold information of the carrier sense is configured when the
frame that configures the access category indicated by information
for configuring the access category is transmitted.
5. A communication method used for a first terminal apparatus that
communicates with a second terminal apparatus, the communication
method comprising the steps of: determining whether a radio
resource is idle or busy, using a carrier sense based on a first
threshold value and a second threshold value; and transmitting a
frame, wherein the frame includes MAC data including information
associated with QoS and a PHY (Physical) header including first
information associated with the carrier sense, the first
information associated with the carrier sense allows the second
terminal apparatus to use the second threshold value, and the PHY
header includes second information indicating difference between
the first threshold value and the second threshold value.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a technology of a terminal
apparatus and a base station apparatus that control a transmission
opportunity using a carrier sense.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, wireless local area network (LAN) has found wide
practical application. Building on IEEE 802.11n, which are wireless
LAN standards, IEEE 802.11ac standards have been established by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). At
present, standardization activities for IEEE 802.11ax have been
started as a successor to IEEE 802.11n/ac. In 802.11ax Task Group
(TG), unlike conventional wireless LAN standards, an improvement in
user throughput per wireless terminal apparatus, as well as an
improvement in peak throughput, is given as a fundamental
requirement, in consideration of a scenario that Access Points (AP)
or stations (STA) are densely arranged. For the improvement in user
throughput, the introduction of a high-efficiency simultaneous
multiplex transmission scheme (access scheme) is indispensable.
In standards up to and including IEEE 802.11ac, an access scheme is
employed that is an autonomous distribution control scheme, which
is referred to as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance (CSMA/CA) as an access scheme. In the CSMA/CA, the
opportunity of the wireless terminal apparatus (the AP, the STA, or
the like) to perform transmission is temporally divided using a
carrier detection process referred to as a Carrier Sense (CS). For
example, the wireless terminal apparatus can determine, using a
threshold referred to as the Carrier Sense Level, that, in a case
where a power higher than a Carrier Sense Level is detected, the
radio resource is busy, and that, in a case where only a power
lower than the Carrier Sense Level is detected, the radio resource
is idle. The Carrier Sense Level is also referred to as a Clear
Channel Assessment Level (CCA level), a CCA Threshold, or the
like.
For the efficient use of the radio resource, in IEEE 802.11ax TG, a
system has been under study in which every wireless terminal
apparatus makes the CCA level variable based on information (a
reception level (Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of a
signal received from the AP that is connected), the number of times
that a transmission error occurs, or the like) relating to the
reliability of data communication (NPL 1 and NPL 2). If the CCA
level is raised, because the opportunity of the wireless terminal
apparatus to determine that the radio resource is busy occurs less
frequently, it is considered that the transmission opportunity
(TXOP) can be efficiently ensured even under the environment where
the APs or the STAs are densely arranged. Because the raising of
the CCA level increases the number of wireless terminal apparatuses
that obtains the TXOP in the same radio resource, there is a
problem that the number of interference signals increases, but it
is expected that communication quality is maintained with adaptive
modulation transmission or the like.
CITATION LIST
Non Patent Literature
NPL 1: IEEE 802.11-14/0779r2 NPL 2: IEEE 802.11-14/0872r0
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
However, in a case where a system in which every wireless terminal
apparatus changes the CCA level is used, the wireless terminal
apparatus that has high reliability of the data transmission can
acquire the transmission opportunity more frequently because the
CCA level can be raised. On the other hand, the wireless terminal
apparatus that has low reliability of the data transmission takes
the transmission opportunity less frequently because the CCA level
is difficult to raise. As a result, there is a likelihood that the
number of wireless terminal apparatuses that have low user
throughput will increase.
An object of the present invention, which is made in view of the
situation described above, is to provide a terminal apparatus and a
base station apparatus that are capable of improving efficiency of
a radio resource by efficiently making a CCA level variable while
maintaining the fairness relating to acquisition of opportunities
of wireless terminal apparatuses to perform transmission.
Solution to Problem
To accomplish the object described above, the present invention is
contrived to provide the following means. That is, according to the
present invention, there is provided a terminal apparatus that
finds application in a communication system which controls a
transmission opportunity using a carrier sense, and that performs
wireless communication with a base station apparatus. The terminal
apparatus includes; a MAC frame categorization unit that
categorizes MAC frames using a MAC frame categorization information
for categorizing the MAC frames, and a QoS control unit that
performs a carrier sense, for every category, on the MAC frame that
results from the categorization. The QoS control unit changes a CCA
level of the carrier sense performed for every category, based on
first clear channel assessment (CCA) indication information
obtained from the base station apparatus.
In this manner, the MAC frames are categorized using the MAC frame
categorization information for categorizing the MAC frames, and the
CCA level of the carrier sense performed for every category is
changed based on first CCA indication information acquired from the
base station apparatus, when the carrier sense is performed, for
every category, on the MAC frame that results from the
categorization. Because of this, it is possible that the CCA level
is made to be variable efficiently while maintaining the fairness
relating to acquisition of opportunities of terminal apparatuses to
perform transmission.
As a result, it is possible that efficiency of a radio resource is
improved.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
According to the present invention, it is possible that a CCA level
is made to be variable efficiently while maintaining the fairness
relating to acquisition of opportunities of wireless terminal
apparatuses to perform transmission. As a result, the efficiency of
the radio resource is improved, and it is possible that user
throughput is greatly improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a
communication system according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an aspect
of communication in a system in compliance with IEEE 802.11, which
performs the communication based on CSMA/CA.
FIG. 3 is a table illustrating an example of a correspondence
between each AC and a parameter.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of operation
relating to QoS of a STA 2 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution
of the STA 2 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC frame
generated by a higher layer unit 201.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution
of an AP 1 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an EDCA parameter
notified by the AP 1 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of operation of a QoS
control unit 2022 in the STA 2.
FIG. 10 is a diagram that schematically illustrates a communication
system according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a
constitution of an AP 21 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a
constitution of a STA 22 according to the present embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment
A communication according to the present embodiment includes an
Access Point (AP) that performs wireless transmission and wireless
reception, or a station (STA) that performs the wireless
transmission and the wireless reception, or the AP and the STA.
Furthermore, a network that has the AP, the STA, or the AP and the
STP is referred to as a basic service set (BSS).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a
communication system according to a first embodiment of the present
invention. The communication system in FIG. 1 includes an AP 1,
STAs 2-1 to 2-3, and a BSS 1a. The BSS 1a has the AP 1 and the STAs
2-1 to 2-3. The STAs 2-1 to 2-3 is hereinafter simply referred to
as a STA 2.
The AP 1 and the STA 2 each are assumed to perform communication
based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
(CSMA/CA). In the present embodiment, an infrastructure mode in
which the STA 2 and the AP 1 perform communication is intended, but
a method according to the present embodiment is capable of being
implemented also in an ad hoc mode in which the STAs 2 directly
perform communication.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an aspect of
communication in a system in compliance with IEEE 802.11, which
performs the communication based on the CSMA/CA. In FIG. 2, as an
example, uplink (UL) communication is assumed to be performed, but
in the method according to the present embodiment, downlink (DL)
communication may be possible. The STA 2 performs a Carrier Sense
(CS) based on the CSMA/CA, and thus determines a state of a radio
resource.
Specifically, in a case where a power higher than a Carrier Sense
Level is detected using a threshold referred to as the Carrier
Sense Level, the radio resource can be determined as being busy,
and in a case where only a power lower than the Carrier Sense Level
is detected, the radio resource can be determined as being idle.
The Carrier Sense Level is also referred to as a Clear Channel
Assessment Level (CCA level) or a CCA Threshold. In an example in
FIG. 2, the STA 2 is changed from busy to idle, and transmission
preparation is started. First, as a first stage of the transmission
preparation, the STA 2 performs the Carrier Sense only for a
waiting time (Interframe Space (IFS)) that is configured in advance
and determines the state of the radio resource.
In FIG. 2, as the waiting time, a Distributed IFS (DIFS) is
configured. As the IFS, in addition, there are a Short IFS used for
transmission of a transmission frame that has a high priority
level, such as an acknowledgment (Ack), an Extended IFS (EIFS) that
is used such as when the radio resource is determined as being
busy, but the frame is difficult to receive correctly, and the
like. Furthermore, in IEEE 802.11e, there is an Attribution IFS
(AIFS) that varies in a manner that corresponds to a priority level
which is based on a category (Access Category (AC)) of the
transmission frame introduced for improvement in Quality of Service
(QoS). The QoS and the AIFS will be described below.
The STA 2 waits only the IFS configured in advance, and then
proceeds to a backoff. In the backoff, each STA 2 causes a random
value to occur, and waits only as much waiting time (Slot Time) as
random value.times.1 slot for transmission. The waiting time that
occurs randomly is also referred to as a Contention Window (CW).
The AP 1 instructs each STA 2 that makes a connection, on an upper
limit value (CW max) and a lower limit value (CW min) of the random
value that each STA 2 causes to occur. In a case where there is no
instruction from the AP 1, the STA 2 depends on information
retained within the STA 2 itself, or configures an initial value.
Furthermore, a specific value (User Priority (UP)) configured for
every transmission frame for the purpose of QoS control can be
configured for a CW max and a CW min. The STAs 2 have different
CW's, and thus collisions among data frames can be efficiency
avoided.
In the example in FIG. 2, because the STA 2-1 has the shortest CW,
the STA 2-1 is the first to acquire a transmission opportunity, and
can transmit data to the AP 1 that is connected. Furthermore, when
the STA 2-1 completed data transmission, the remaining STAs 2-2 and
2-3 each wait the DIFS and only the rest of the CW, and the STA 2-2
that waits the rest of the CW which is shorter acquires a
transmission opportunity. It is noted that, also while the CW
counts down, the STA 2 performs the Carrier Sense, and when the
radio resource is determined as being busy, the CW stops counting
down.
In IEEE 802.11e, priority level control that is based on the AC is
stipulated for the purpose of an improvement in QoS. FIG. 3 is a
table illustrating an example of a correspondence between each AC
and a parameter. The AC and a name (Designation) thereof are
configured for each UP, and an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
parameter (EDCA parameter) is configured in order of increasing the
priority level, that is, in this order: AC_VO, AC_VI, AC_BE, AC_BK.
The EDCA parameters include parameters that are used when accessing
the radio resource, such as a length of the AIFS, a CW min, and a
CW max. The EDCA parameter is configured for every AC, and thus it
is possible that the QoS is improved.
The EDCA parameter used for the QoS can be notified by the AP 1 to
the STA 2, using a broadcast signal (beacon). Furthermore, in a
case where the EDCA parameter is notified by the AP 1, an EDCA
parameter (default EDCA parameter set) that is configured in
advance for the STA 2 can be used.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of operation
relating to QoS of the STA 2 according to the present embodiment.
The STA 2 categories a group of pieces of transmission data on
which prioritization is performed, for every AC. The STA 2 waits
only the AIFS that corresponds to the AC, configures each backoff,
and operates as if contention occurs within the terminal. At this
point, AIFS[ACx] indicates a value of the AIFS when the AC is ACx.
With the use of AC_VI in which the AC has the highest priority
level, AIFS[AC_VI] is used, and proceeding to the backoff takes
place most quickly.
Next, the random value is caused to occur based on values of CW min
and CW max, and the CW is configured. At this time, it is
considered that, with the use of AC_VI that has the highest
priority level, the smallest CW min and CW max are configured, but
because the random value is used, there is also a case where a size
of the CW is no smaller than that of the CW configured with the use
of another AC.
In an example in FIG. 4, AC_VI acquires a transmission opportunity,
and subsequently, AC_VO acquires a transmission opportunity. AC_VO
or AC_VI in which the AIFS is configured to be short acquires a
transmission opportunity with ease, and AC_BE or AC_BK in which the
AIFS is configured to be long acquires a transmission opportunity
with difficulty.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution
of the STA 2 according to the present embodiment. As illustrated in
FIG. 5, the STA 2 has a higher layer unit 201, a control unit 202,
a transmission unit 203, a reception unit 204, and an antenna unit
205.
The higher layer unit 201 sends a MAC frame in which a Media Access
Control (MAC) header is attached to transmission data, and a value
of the AC, which is associated with the MAC frame, to the control
unit 202. Furthermore, demodulation data obtained by the control
unit 202 from the reception unit 204 is sent to the higher layer
unit 201, and retransmission and the like are performed by a media
access control layer and Logical Link Control (LLC) that are
included in the higher layer unit 201.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the MAC frame
generated by the higher layer unit 201. A frame control subfield is
used for determination of a transmission type or for fragment
control. A QoS control subfield is used for notifying information
(a Traffic Identifier (TID)) relating to the QoS.
The STA 2 according to the present embodiment, for example, may
notify information relating to the QoS or information a CCA level,
for example, with the QoS control subfield. Furthermore,
notification means is not limited to this. As the notification
means, other subfields or a field within a header (a Physical Layer
Convergence Protocol header (PLCP header), a PHY header, or the
like) relating to a physical layer (PHY layer) attached to the MAC
frame with the use of the physical layer may be used, and a portion
of the transmission data may be used. A frame body is sent from the
higher layer unit 201 and expresses the transmission data. A Frame
Check Sequence (FCS) field is used for detection of an error in the
MAC frame.
In FIG. 5, the control unit 202 has a MAC frame categorization unit
2021 and a QoS control unit 2022. The MAC frame categorization unit
2021, for example, categorizes the MAC frames that are sent from
the higher layer unit 201, for every AC, using a value of the AC
associated with the MAC frame. The post-categorization MAC frame is
sent to the QoS control unit 2022.
It is noted that operation of the MAC frame categorization unit
2021 is not limited to what is described above. For example, the
MAC frame categorization unit 2021 can perform categorization
according to a reference that is based on the number of times that
the MAC frame is retransmitted. Specifically, the MAC frame
categorization unit 2021 can categorize the MAC frame according to
a size of value of a retry count, with reference to information (a
Short Retry Count (SRC) or a Long Retry Count (LRC) (the SRC and
the LRC are hereinafter collectively referred to as the retry
count) relating to the number of times associated with the MAC
frame.
Furthermore, the MAC frame categorization unit 2021 can categorize
the MAC frames according to a size of information (a data size, an
amount of information, a payload size, a frame length, a data
length, or the like) relating to a size of the MAC frame.
Furthermore, in addition, the MAC frame categorization unit 2021
may categorize radio resources and may categorize MAC frames
according to the number of multiplex frames.
An example of a case where the MAC frame categorization unit 2021
performs the categorization according to the AC of the MAC frame
will be described below, but the present embodiment is not limited
to this. Information used by the MAC frame categorization unit 2021
for categorizing the MAC frame is referred to as MAC frame
separation information.
The QoS control unit 2022 retains the post-categorization MAC
frame, which is sent from the MAC frame categorization unit 2021,
performs autonomous distribution control that is based on the
CSMA/CA, for every AC or for every category that results from
performance by the MAC frame categorization unit 2021, and sends
the MAC frame that gains a transmission opportunity, to a physical
channel signal generation unit 2031. Operation of the QoS control
unit 2022 will be in detail below.
The transmission unit 203 has the physical channel signal
generation unit 2031 and a wireless transmission unit 2032.
The physical channel signal generation unit 2031 converts the
transmission data sent from the QoS control unit 2022, into a
physical channel signal (baseband signal). Furthermore, the
physical channel signal generation unit 2031 converts a Training
Field (TF) used for channel estimation, into the physical channel
signal. The physical channel signal generation unit 2031
multiplexes the physical channel signal generated from the MAC
frame, and the TF, and generates the transmission frame. Physical
channel signal conversion processing performed by the physical
channel signal generation unit 2031 includes error correction
coding, mapping, and the like.
The wireless transmission unit 2032 performs processing that
converts the transmission frame generated by the physical channel
signal generation unit 2031 into a signal in a Radio Frequency (RF)
band. Processing performed by the wireless transmission unit 2032
includes digital-to-analog conversion, filtering, frequency
conversion from a baseband to a RF band, and the like.
The reception unit 204 demodulates a signal in the RF band, which
is received by the antenna unit 205. The reception unit 204 has a
wireless reception unit 2041 and a physical channel signal
demodulation unit 2042.
The wireless reception unit 2041 converts the signal in the RF band
received by the antenna unit 205, into the physical channel signal.
Processing performed by the wireless reception unit 2041 includes
processing for conversion from the RF band to the baseband,
filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion. Furthermore, the
wireless reception unit 2041 obtains information associated with a
received power of the signal in the RF band, which is received by
the antenna unit 205. Information associated with the received
power is sent to the control unit 202, a comparison with the CCA
level is made in the QoS control unit 2022, and a determination of
whether the radio resource is busy or idle is made.
The physical channel signal demodulation unit 2042 performs channel
equalization, demapping, error correction decoding processing, and
the like on the physical channel signal generated by the wireless
reception unit 2041, and generates the demodulation data. The
demodulation data is sent to the control unit 202, and then is sent
to the higher layer unit 201.
The antenna unit 205 transmits the signal in the RF band, which is
sent from the wireless transmission unit 2032, to a wireless space,
in state of being destined for the STA 2. Furthermore, the signal
in the RF band, which is transmitted from the STA 2, is received by
the wireless space.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution
of the AP 1 according to the present embodiment. The AP 1 has a
higher layer unit 101, a control unit 102, a transmission unit 103,
a reception unit 104, and an antenna unit 105.
The higher layer unit 101 attaches a MAC header to the transmission
data from a higher layer, and thus generates the MAC frame.
Furthermore, the control unit 102 processes the MAC frame sent from
the control unit 102.
The control unit 102 has a MAC frame categorization unit 1021 and a
QoS control unit 1022. The MAC frame categorization unit
categorizes the MAC frames based on the MAC frame separation
information. For example, the MAC frames are categorized based on
the MAC frame sent from the higher layer unit 101, and the value of
the AC associated with the MAC frame.
The QoS control unit 1022 retains the post-categorization MAC
frame, which is sent from the MAC frame categorization unit 1021,
performs the autonomous distribution control that is based on the
CSMA/CA, for every AC or for every category that results from
performance by the MAC frame categorization unit 1021, and sends
the MAC frame that gains a transmission opportunity, to a physical
channel signal generation unit 1031. Operation of the QoS control
unit 1022 will be in detail below.
The transmission unit 103 has the physical channel signal
generation unit 1031, a broadcast signal generation unit 1032, and
a wireless transmission unit 1033. The physical channel signal
generation unit 1031 converts the transmission data sent from the
QoS control unit 1022, into the physical channel signal (baseband
signal). Furthermore, the physical channel signal generation unit
1031 also converts the TF used for the channel estimation, into the
physical channel signal. The physical channel signal generation
unit 1031 multiplexes the physical channel signal generated from
the MAC frame, and the TF, and generates the transmission frame.
The physical channel signal conversion processing performed by the
physical channel signal generation unit 1031 includes the error
correction coding, the mapping, and the like.
The broadcast signal generation unit 1032 generates the broadcast
signal. The generated broadcast signal is converted into the
physical channel signal, and is sent to the wireless transmission
unit 1033. The broadcast signal can include information elements,
such as a Beacon Interval (broadcast signal interval), Supported
Rates, a Power Constraint, a Transmit Power Control Report (TPC
report), an EDCA parameter, and a QoS Capability information
element. The Beacon Interval is an information element used to
notify the STA 2, which connects to the AP 1, of an interval at
which the broadcast signal is notified. The Supported Rates are
information elements that are used to notify the STA 2 of a data
rate (a coding rate or a transmission rate given by a modulation
scheme) which is supported by the AP 1 (or a BSS 1a).
The Power Constraint is an information element used for the AP 1 to
notify the STA 2 of information relating to a transmit power. The
TPC Report is an information element used for the AP 1 to notify
the STA 2 of information relating to TPC. The EDCA parameter is an
information element used for the AP 1 to notify the STA 2 of
information relating to the EDCA parameter.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the EDCA parameter
notified by the AP 1 according to the present embodiment. The AP 1
can notify the STA 2 of first CCA indication information indicating
a change of a CCA level of the STA 2, in a state of being added to
the information relating to the EDCA parameter. The AP 1 may use a
CCA Offset, as the first CCA indication information, which
explicitly indicates a change value of the CCA level of the STA 2.
Operation of the STA 2 that is performed when the first CCA
indication information is notified will be described in detail
below. It is noted that a method in which the AP 1 notifies the
first CCA indication information is not limited to this, and that
the first CCA indication information may be added to a PHY header
(a physical header or a PLCP header) and be inserted into the
transmission data.
A CWmin and a CWmax are values that are decided in advance within
the terminal or the BSS, in compliance with IEEE 802.11 standards.
The STA 2 generates a CW of each AC, using a CWmin, a CWmax, or
both that are included in the EDCA parameter that is broadcast from
the AP 1. An AIFSN is a parameter used for the STA 2 to calculate
the AIFS. AIFS[ACx] relating to a value ACx of the AC, for example,
is calculated by Equation (1).
AIFS[ACx]=AIFSN[ACx]*aSlotTime+aSIFSTime (1)
In Equation (1), aSlotTime is a value of Slot Time configured in
advance within the STA 2 or the BSS 1a, or in compliance with IEEE
802.11 standards. Furthermore, aSIFSTime is a value of the SIFS
configured in advance within the STA 2 or the BSS 1a, or in
compliance with IEEE 802.11 standards. The QoS control unit 2022 of
the STA 2 performs the autonomous distribution control that is
based on the CSMA/CA, for every AC, using the value of the AIFS
demanded by Equation (1).
The AP 1 according to the present embodiment, for example, can add
the first CCA indication information to a portion of the broadcast
signal generated by the broadcast signal generation unit 1032, a
portion of the EDCA parameter that is an information element, or
portions of other information elements. The AP 1 converts the
broadcast signal generated by the broadcast signal generation unit
1032, into an RF signal, and transmits the resulting RF signal in a
state of being destined for the STA 2, using the antenna unit 105.
The STA 2 receives the broadcast signal transmitted by the antenna
unit 105, and performs reception processing, using the reception
unit 204. The MAC frame that goes through the reception processing
is sent to the higher layer unit 201, and the first CCA indication
information that is present within the broadcast signal is
obtained. The higher layer unit 201 instructs the QoS control unit
2022 to cause the CCA level to be variable, using the acquired
first indication information.
CCA Offset in FIG. 8 indicates an offset value of the CCA level in
each AC of the STA 2. If a value of CCA Offset is assumed to be Co,
a value of the CCA level of the STA 2 is assumed to be Cd, CCA
level Ce used by STA 2 is calculated using Equation (2). Ce=Cd+Co
(2)
It is noted that CCA Offset is not limited to a value in FIG. 8,
and may not be a value decided in advance. The AP 1 may cause CCA
Offset to be changed for every STA 2, and may cause CCA Offset to
be temporally changed.
For example, the AP 1 can decide CCA Offset in such a manner that a
CCA level of the AC that has a high priority level is raised and a
CCA level of the AC that has a low priority level is lowered. For
example, CCA Offset is configured as described above, and thus it
is possible that a great transmission opportunity is given the MAC
frame of the AC that has a high priority. However, a method of
deciding CCA Offset of the AP 1 according to the present embodiment
is not limited to this. A method of deciding CCA Offset in such a
manner that the CCA level of the AC that has a high priority level
is lowered may be employed, and CCA Offset may be decided using
other methods.
It is noted that the first CCA indication information may not be
CCA Offset, and may be information associated with CCA Offset.
Furthermore, instead of CCA Offset, the first CCA indication
information may be information associated with a value for directly
designating the CCA level used by the STA 2, and may be information
associated with a method of calculating the CCA level used by the
STA 2.
The QoS Capability in the broadcast signal is an information
element for notifying the STA 2 of information associated with the
acceptability and non-acceptability of the QoS.
The AP 1 according to the present embodiment may notify the STA 2
of the first CCA indication information using an information
element other than the EDCA parameter that is an information
element. Furthermore, a method of notifying the first CCA
indication information is not limited to this, and the first CCS
indication information may be included in the MAC header, a PLCP
header, or the transmission data.
The wireless transmission unit 1033 performs processing that
converts the transmission frame and the broadcast signal that are
sent by the physical channel signal generation unit 1031 or the
broadcast signal generation unit 1032, into the signal in the RF
band. Processing performed by the wireless transmission unit 1033
includes the digital-to-analog conversion, the filtering, the
frequency conversion from the baseband to the RF band, and the
like.
The reception unit 104 has a wireless reception unit 1041 and a
physical channel signal demodulation unit 1042. The wireless
reception unit 1041 converts the signal in the RF band received by
the antenna unit 105, into the physical channel signal. Processing
performed by the wireless reception unit 1041 includes processing
(processing for conversion to the physical channel signal) for
frequency conversion from the RF band to the baseband, the
filtering, and the analog-to-digital conversion. Furthermore, the
wireless reception unit 1041 obtains information associated with
the received power of the signal in the RF band, which is received
by the antenna unit 105. Information associated with the received
power is sent to the control unit 102, the comparison with the CCA
level is made in the QoS control unit 1022, and thus the
determination of whether the radio resource is busy or idle is
made.
The physical channel signal demodulation unit 1042 performs the
channel equalization, the demapping, the error correction decoding
processing, and the like on the physical channel signal generated
by the wireless reception unit 1041, and generates the demodulation
data. The demodulation data is sent to the control unit 102, and
then is sent to the higher layer unit 101.
The antenna unit 105 transmits the signal in the RF band, which is
sent from the wireless transmission unit 1033, to the wireless
space, in state of being destined for the STA 2. Furthermore, the
signal in the RF band, which is transmitted from the STA 2, is
received by the wireless space.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of the QoS control unit
2022 in the STA 2. A transmission queue that corresponds to each of
the AC's retains the MAC frame categorized by the MAC frame
categorization unit 2021. The autonomous distribution control that
is based on the CSMA/CA for every AC, a correspondence to which is
established is performed on the retained MAC frame. The autonomous
distribution control that is based on the CSMA/CA includes a
transmission waiting operation and a backoff operation, in which
the STA 2 waits only the AIFS or an IFS other than the AIFS for the
transmission of the MAC frame. Based on the CCA indication
information notified by the AP 1, the STA 2 generates the CW
relating to the backoff for the MAC frame that corresponds to each
of the AC's. The STA 2 sends one MAC frame selected by a collision
avoidance mechanism, to the transmission unit.
It is noted that the STA 2 may configure the CCA level that
corresponds to each of the AC's, based on second CCA indication
information retained, by the STA 2, within the STA itself (in a
memory, storage, a database, or the like), without depending on the
first CCA indication information that is broadcast from the AP 1.
Furthermore, the STA 2 may create third CCA indication information
from information other than the EDCA parameter from the AP 1. For
the creation of the third CCA indication information, the STA 2 may
perform the categorization of the transmission frames by a type of
transmission frame, and may change the CCA level for every
transmission frame group that results from the categorization.
Furthermore, because the present embodiment is also applicable to
downlink transmission, it is possible that like the STA 2, the AP 1
also changes the CCA level according to each of the AC's or a
category other than the AC, based on the first CCA indication
information, the second CCA indication information, and the third
CCA indication information.
With the AP 1 and the STA 2, which are described above, the CCA
level is made to be variable based on the first CCA indication
information, the second CCA indication information, or the third
CCA indication information, which is retained by the STA 2, and
thus a mechanism in which the CCA level is made to be effectively
variable can be introduced and the radio resource can be
efficiently used while maintaining the fairness relating to the
acquisition of the transmission opportunities by the wireless
terminal apparatuses. Because of this, it is possible that user
throughput is greatly improved.
Second Embodiment
FIG. 10 is a diagram that schematically illustrates a communication
system according to a second embodiment. The communication system
illustrated in FIG. 10 includes an AP 21, STAs 22-1, 22-2, and STAs
23-1 and 23-2, and a BSS 2a. The BSS 2a includes the AP 21, the
STAs 22-1 and 22-2, and the STAs 23-1 and 23-2. The STAs 22-1 and
22-2 are STAs that can make the CCA level variable, and the STAs
23-1 and 23-2 are terminals that have difficulty in making the CCA
level variable. The STAs 22-1 and 22-2 and the STAs 23-1 and 23-2
will be described below as corresponding to the QoS, but the STAs
23-1 and 23-2 may not ensure the QoS. The STAs 22-1 and 22-2 and
the STAs 23-1 and 23-2 are hereinafter also referred to as a STA 22
and a STA 23, respectively.
The AP 21, the STA 22, and the STA 23 each are assumed to perform
communication based on the CSMA/CA. In the present embodiment, an
infrastructure mode in which the STA 22, the STA 23, and the AP 21
perform the communication is intended, but a method according to
the present embodiment is capable of being implemented also in the
ad hoc mode in which the STAs directly perform the communication.
It is noted that operation of the CSMA/CA is the same as in the
first embodiment unless specified otherwise.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a
constitution of the AP 21 according to the present embodiment. As
illustrated in FIG. 11, a higher layer unit 2101, a control unit
2102, a transmission unit 2103, a reception unit 2104, and an
antenna unit 2105 are included. The control unit 2102 includes a
MAC frame categorization unit 21021 and a QoS control unit 21022.
The transmission unit 2103 includes a physical channel signal
generation unit 21031 and a wireless transmission unit 21032. The
reception unit 2104 includes a wireless reception unit 21041 and a
physical channel signal demodulation unit 21042.
A comparison between the AP 21 and the AP 1 according to the first
embodiment shows that the AP 21 has the broadcast signal generation
unit 21032 different from the broadcast signal generation unit
21032 of the AP 1. However, in terms of the other constitutions,
because functions that are the same as those according to the first
embodiment are retained, descriptions thereof are omitted.
A broadcast signal generation unit 21032 generates the broadcast
signal. The generated broadcast signal is converted into the
physical channel signal, and is sent to a wireless transmission
unit 21033. The broadcast signal can include information elements,
such as the Beaon Inteval, the Supported Rates, the Power
Constraint, the TPC Report, the EDCA parameter, and the QoS
Capability information element.
The AP 21 according to the present embodiment has the feature of
notifying information relating to a plurality of EDCA parameters
through the broadcast signal generated by the broadcast signal
generation unit. For example, the AP 21 can notify the STA 22 and
the STA 23 of an EDCA parameter (axEDCA) for the STA 22 and an EDCA
parameter (legacy EDCA) for the STA 23, respectively. For example,
the AP 21 can add the first CCA indication information or the third
CCA indication information to the axEDCA.
For example, the AP 21 can make a value of the AIFSN in the axEDCA
greater than a value of the AIFSN in the legacy EDCA. Therefore, a
transmission waiting time AIFS for the STA 23 is shorter than the
AIFS for the STA 22. With the operation described above, the STA 22
makes the CCA variable and thus it is possible that the STA 23 is
protected from the unfairness of a transmission opportunity
acquisition rate to the STA 22 and the STA 23. It is noted that the
AP 21 may change an EDCA parameter other than the AIFSN for the
protection of the STA 23. Furthermore, the AP 21 may notify the STA
22 and the STA 23 of the axEDCA and the legacy EDCA for a purpose
other than the protection of the STA 23.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a
constitution of the STA 22 according to the present embodiment. As
illustrated in FIG. 12, the STA 22 includes a higher layer unit
2201, a control unit 2202, a transmission unit 2203, a reception
unit 2204, and an antenna unit 2205. The control unit 2202 includes
a MAC frame categorization unit 22021 and a QoS control unit 22022.
The transmission unit 22031 includes a physical channel signal
generation unit 2203 and a wireless transmission unit 22032. The
reception unit 2204 includes a wireless reception unit 22041 and a
physical channel signal demodulation unit 22042.
A comparison between the STA 22 and the STA 2 according to the
first embodiment shows that the STA 22 has the QoS control unit
22022 different from the QoS control unit 22022 of the STA 2.
However, in terms of the other constitutions, because functions
that are the same as those according to the first embodiment are
retained, descriptions thereof are omitted.
The QoS control unit 22022 retains the post-categorization MAC
frame, which is sent from the MAC frame categorization unit 22021,
performs the autonomous distribution control that is based on the
CSMA/CA, on every AC or on every category that results from
performance by the MAC frame categorization unit 22021, and sends
the MAC frame that gains a transmission opportunity, to the
physical channel signal generation unit 22031. The QoS control unit
22022 obtains axEDCA information in a broadcast signal of the AP
21, and can make the CCA level variable based on the first CCA
indication information or the third CCA indication information. In
a case where the first CCA indication information from the axEDCA
information, or the third CCA indication information is difficult
to obtain, the QoS control unit 22022 can make the CCA level
variable based on the second CCA indication information within the
STA 22.
The STA 22 according to the present embodiment can obtain the
axEDCA that is broadcast by the AP 21, and information relating to
two types of EDCA parameters of the legacy EDCA, and can calculate
CCA Offset from the axEDCA and the legacy EDCA.
The STA 22 will be described below as calculating CCA Offset from
the axEDCA, and from information relating to the AIFSN of the
legacy EDCA, but CCA Offset may be calculated using a parameter
other than the AIFSN in the EDCA parameter.
A value of the AIFSN written to the axEDCA is assumed to be Nax,
and a value of the AIFSN written to the legacy EDCA is assumed to
be N1. Because the value of the AIFSN is configured for every AC,
for example, configurations are assumed to be provided such as
Nax=[7, 3, 2, 2] and N1=[4, 2, 1, 1], and AIFSN's of AC_BK, AC_BE,
AC_VO, and AC_VI are assumed to be expressed starting from the
first term. A Value Cal of CCA Offset is calculated using Equation
(3). Cal=.alpha.*(Nax-N1) (3).
In Equation (3), .alpha. is a coefficient for calculating CCA
Offset, and is a value retained in information notified by the AP
21 or in a database within the STA 22. Furthermore, a method of
calculating CCA Offset is also a value retained in the information
notified by the AP 21 and in the database within the STA 22.
Information relating to the method of calculating the CCA is
hereinafter also referred to as fourth CCA indication information.
It is noted that the fourth CCA indication information is not
limited to Equation (3), and other equations for calculation can be
used.
The STA 23 is different from the STA 22 in that it is difficult to
make the CCA variable. However, in terms of the other
constitutions, because functions that are the same as those of the
STA 22 are retained, descriptions thereof are omitted.
The STA 22 performs a QoS operation using the legacy EDCA that is
broadcast by the AP 21. Because the legacy EDCA has a value
different from the axEDCA, it is possible that the STA 23 and the
STA 22 realize different QoS operations.
(1) A terminal apparatus according to the present embodiment is
also capable of having the following aspects. That is, according to
the present embodiment, there is provided a terminal apparatus that
finds application in a communication system which controls a
transmission opportunity using a carrier sense, and that performs
wireless communication with a base station apparatus, the terminal
apparatus including; a MAC frame categorization unit that
categorizes MAC frames using a MAC frame categorization information
for categorizing the MAC frames, and a QoS control unit that
performs a carrier sense, for every category, on the MAC frame that
results from the categorization, in which the QoS control unit
changes a CCA level of the carrier sense performed for every
category, based on first clear channel assessment (CCA) indication
information obtained from the base station apparatus.
(2) Furthermore, in the terminal apparatus according to the present
embodiment, the QoS control unit changes the CCA level of the
carrier sense performed for every category, based on second CCA
indication information retained by the terminal apparatus itself,
instead of on the first CCA indication information.
(3) Furthermore, in the terminal apparatus according to the present
embodiment, the first CCA indication information is included in an
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter.
(4) Furthermore, the terminal apparatus according to the present
embodiment obtains third CCA indication information included in
broadcast information other than the EDCA parameter, from the base
station apparatus, and changes the CCA level of the carrier sense
performed for every category, based on the third CCA indication
information, instead of on the first CCA indication
information.
(5) Furthermore, the terminal apparatus according to the present
embodiment calculates fourth CCA indication information from
information relating to a plurality of EDCA parameters that are
broadcast by the base station apparatus, and makes CCA variable
using the fourth CCA indication information.
(6) Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, there is
proved a base station apparatus that finds application in a
communication system which controls a transmission opportunity
using a carrier sense, and performs wireless communication with at
least one terminal apparatus, the base station apparatus including
a control unit that generates first CCA indication information that
indicates a Clear Channel Assessment Level (CCA) Level of the
carrier sense performed, for every category, on the MAC frame that
results from the categorization, in the terminal apparatus, and a
wireless transmission unit that notifies the terminal apparatus of
the first CCA information.
(7) Furthermore, in the base station apparatus according to the
present embodiment, the first CCA indication information is
information relating to a CCA level with which the terminal
apparatus complies, or a method of calculating the information
relating to the CCA level with which the terminal apparatus
complies.
(8) Furthermore, in the base station apparatus according to the
present embodiment, the first CCA indication information is
included in a broadcast signal that is broadcast by the base
station apparatus, a MAC header attached by a higher layer to
transmission data, a PHY header attached by a physical channel
signal generation unit to the MAC frame, or in a data frame.
(9) Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, there is
provided a base station apparatus including a MAC frame
categorization unit that categorizes MAC frames based on MAC frame
information, and a QoS control unit that performs the carrier sense
performed, for every category, on the MAC frame, using the MAC
frame categorization information, in which the CCA level is
calculated based on the second CCA indication information, a CCA
level is changed when performing the carrier sense, for every
category, on the MAC frame using the MAC frame categorization
information.
(10) Furthermore, in the base station apparatus according to the
present embodiment notifies the terminal apparatus of information
relating to the plurality of EDCA parameters.
As described above, with the AP 21, the STA 22, and the STA 23
according to the present embodiment, each of a terminal in
compliance with 802.11ax and a legacy terminal can be caused to
perform different QoS operations using information relating to two
types of EDCA parameters, the axEDCA and the legacy EDCA, and while
the terminal in compliance with 802.11ax greatly improves
throughput with the variability of the CCA level, it is also
possible that the legacy terminal is protected from a decrease in
throughput.
Moreover, the present international application claims the benefits
of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-001187 filed on Jan. 6,
2015, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No.
2015-001187 are incorporated herein by reference.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
1 AP 2-1 to 2-3 STA 101 HIGHER LAYER UNIT 102 CONTROL UNIT 103
TRANSMISSION UNIT 104 RECEPTION UNIT 105 ANTENNA UNIT 201 HIGHER
LAYER UNIT 202 CONTROL UNIT 203 TRANSMISSION UNIT 204 RECEPTION
UNIT 205 ANTENNA UNIT 1021 MAC FRAME CATEGORIZATION UNIT 1022 QoS
CONTROL UNIT 1031 PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL GENERATION UNIT 1032
BROADCAST SIGNAL GENERATION UNIT 1033 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION UNIT
1041 WIRELESS RECEPTION UNIT 1042 PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL
DEMODULATION UNIT 2021 MAC FRAME CATEGORIZATION UNIT 2022 QoS
CONTROL UNIT 2031 PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL GENERATION UNIT 2032
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION UNIT 2041 WIRELESS RECEPTION UNIT 2042
PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL DEMODULATION UNIT 2101 HIGHER LAYER UNIT
2102 CONTROL UNIT 2103 TRANSMISSION UNIT 2104 RECEPTION UNIT 2105
ANTENNA UNIT 2201 HIGHER LAYER UNIT 2202 CONTROL UNIT 2203
TRANSMISSION UNIT 2204 RECEPTION UNIT 2205 ANTENNA UNIT 21021 MAC
FRAME CATEGORIZATION UNIT 21022 QoS CONTROL UNIT 21031 PHYSICAL
CHANNEL SIGNAL GENERATION UNIT 21032 BROADCAST SIGNAL GENERATION
UNIT 21033 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION UNIT 21041 WIRELESS RECEPTION UNIT
21042 PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL DEMODULATION UNIT 22021 MAC FRAME
CATEGORIZATION UNIT 22022 QoS CONTROL UNIT 22031 PHYSICAL CHANNEL
SIGNAL GENERATION UNIT 22032 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION UNIT 22041
WIRELESS RECEPTION UNIT 22042 PHYSICAL CHANNEL SIGNAL DEMODULATION
UNIT
* * * * *