U.S. patent number 10,385,347 [Application Number 15/538,646] was granted by the patent office on 2019-08-20 for fusion protein and transgenic plant expressing said protein.
This patent grant is currently assigned to UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA SAPIENZA". The grantee listed for this patent is Universita degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Invention is credited to Manuel Benedetti, Felice Cervone, Giulia De Lorenzo, Simone Ferrari, Daniela Pontiggia.
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-D00001.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-D00002.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-D00003.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-D00004.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-D00005.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-P00001.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-P00002.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-P00003.png)
![](/patent/grant/10385347/US10385347-20190820-P00004.png)
United States Patent |
10,385,347 |
Cervone , et al. |
August 20, 2019 |
Fusion protein and transgenic plant expressing said protein
Abstract
The present invention concerns a nucleic acid molecule capable
of expressing, in at least one plant tissue, a chimeric protein
comprising a polygalacturonase (PG) of fungal, bacterial or insect
origin and a plant polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) plant
capable of inhibiting said PG. The present invention also relates
to transgenic plants that express said chimeric protein.
Inventors: |
Cervone; Felice (Rome,
IT), De Lorenzo; Giulia (Rome, IT),
Ferrari; Simone (Rome, IT), Benedetti; Manuel
(Rome, IT), Pontiggia; Daniela (Rome, IT) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Universita degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" |
Rome |
N/A |
IT |
|
|
Assignee: |
UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA "LA
SAPIENZA" (Rome, IT)
|
Family
ID: |
52574375 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/538,646 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2015 |
PCT
Filed: |
December 22, 2015 |
PCT No.: |
PCT/EP2015/081017 |
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: |
June 21, 2017 |
PCT
Pub. No.: |
WO2016/102586 |
PCT
Pub. Date: |
June 30, 2016 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20180002705 A1 |
Jan 4, 2018 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 23, 2014 [IT] |
|
|
RM2014A0748 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N
15/8282 (20130101); C07K 14/43563 (20130101); C12N
15/8286 (20130101); A01N 25/10 (20130101); C07K
14/415 (20130101); C07K 14/37 (20130101); C12N
15/62 (20130101); C12N 15/8279 (20130101); C07K
14/195 (20130101); C12N 15/8281 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C12N
15/62 (20060101); A01N 25/10 (20060101); C07K
14/195 (20060101); C07K 14/435 (20060101); C07K
14/415 (20060101); C12N 15/82 (20060101); C07K
14/37 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Benedetti et al, 2015, PNAS, 112:5533-5538. cited by examiner .
Raiola et al, 2008, Fungal Genetics and Biology, 45:776-789. cited
by examiner .
Joubert et al, 2007, MPMI, 20:392-402. cited by examiner .
Peschen et al, 2004, Nature Biotechnology, 22:732-738. cited by
examiner .
Di Matteo et al, 2003, PNAS, 100:10124-10128. cited by examiner
.
Federici et al, 2001, PNAS, 98:13425-13430. cited by examiner .
Aziz, Aziz, et al., Oligogalacturonide signal transduction,
induction of defense-related responses and protection of grapevine
against Botrytis cinerea; Planta, vol. 218, pp. 767-774; Jan. 2004.
cited by applicant .
Benedetti, Manuel, et al., Plant immunity triggered by engineered
in vivo release of oligogalacturonides, damage-associated molecular
patterns; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.
112, No. 17, pp. 5533-5538; Apr. 28, 2015. cited by applicant .
Capodicasa, Cristina, et al., Targeted Modification of
Homogalacturonan by Transgenic Expression of a Fungal
Polygalacturonase Alters Plant Growth; Plant Physiology, American
Society of Plant Physiologists, vol. 135, No. 3, pp. 1294-1304;
Jul. 2004. cited by applicant .
Cervone, Felice, et al., Host-Pathogen Interactions: XXXIII. A
Plant Protein Converts a Fungal Pathogenesis Factor into an
Elicitor of Plant Defense Responses; Plant Physiology, vol. 90, No.
2, pp. 542-548; 1989. cited by applicant .
Cervone, Felice, et al., Purification and Characterization of a
Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein from Phaseolus vulgaris L.;
Plant Physiology, vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 631-637; Nov. 1987. cited by
applicant .
De Lorenzo, Giulia, et al., Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins
in defense against phytopathogenic fungi; Current Opinion in Plant
Biology, vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 295-299; Aug. 1, 2002. cited by
applicant .
De Lorenzo, Giulia, et al., The Role of
Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins (PGIPs) in Defense Against
Pathogenic Fungi; Annual Review of Phytopathology, pp. 313-335;
2001. cited by applicant .
Denoux, Carine, et al., Activation of Defense Response Pathways by
OGs and FIg22 Elicitors in Arabidopsis Seedlings; Molecular Plant,
vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 423-445; May 2008. cited by applicant .
Di, Cuixia, et al., Role of Poly-Galacturonase Inhibiting Protein
in Plant Defense; Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol. 32, No. 2,
pp. 91-100; Jan. 1, 2006. cited by applicant .
D'Ovidio, Renato, et al., Polygalacturonases,
polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins and pectic oligomers in
plant-pathogen interactions; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
(BBA)--Proteins & Proteomics, vol. 1696, No. 2, pp. 237-244;
2004. cited by applicant .
Ferrari, Simone, et al., Oligogalacturonides: plant
damage-associated molecular patterns and regulators of growth and
development; Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 4, Article 49; Mar.
2013. cited by applicant .
Ferrari, Simone, et al., Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Induced in
Arabidopsis by Elicitors Is Independent of Salicylic Acid,
Ethylene, or Jasmonate Signaling But Requires Phytoalexin
Deficient3; Plant Physiology, vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 367-379; May
2007. cited by applicant .
Gregori, R., et al.; Reduction of Colletotrichum acutatum infection
by a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein extracted from apple;
Postharvest Biology and Technology, vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 309-313;
Dec. 27, 2007. cited by applicant .
Jin, Donald F., et al., Characteristics of Galacturonic Acid
Oligomers as Elicitors of Casbene Synthetase Activity in Castor
Bean Seedlings; Plant Physiology, pp. 989-992; Jan. 1984. cited by
applicant .
Yao, Chenglin, et al., Gene encoding polygalacturonase inhibitor in
apple fruit is developmentally regulated and activated by wounding
and fungal infection; Plant Molecular Biology, vol. 39, No. 6, pp.
1231-1241; Apr. 1, 1999. cited by applicant .
International Search Report and Written Opinion in
PCT/EP2015/081017 dated Jun. 30, 2016. cited by applicant .
Search Report and Written Opinion in Italian Patent Application No.
102014902319066 (RM2014A000748) dated Jun. 25, 2015. cited by
applicant .
Branca et al., "Competitive inhibition of the auxin-induced
elongation by a-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem segments",
Physiologia Plantarum 72: 499-504. Copenhagen 1988. cited by
applicant .
Broekaert et al., "Pectic polysaccharides elicit chitinase
accumulation in tobacco", Physiologia Plantarum 74: 740-744.
Copenhagen 1988. cited by applicant .
Filippini et al., "Modulation of auxin-binding proteins in cell
suspensions", Theor Appl Genet (1992) 84:430-434. cited by
applicant .
Manfredini et al., "Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 2 of
Phaseolus vulgaris inhibits BcPG1, a polygalacturonase of Botrytis
cinerea important for pathogenicity, and protects transgenic plants
from infection", Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 67
(2005) 108-115. cited by applicant .
Peretto et al., "Expression and localization of polygalacturonase
during the outgrowth of lateral roots in Allium porrum L.", Planta
(1992) 188(2): 164-172. cited by applicant .
Robert-Seilaniantz et al., "Hormone Crosstalk in Plant Disease and
Defense: More Than Just Jasmonate-Salicylate Antagonism", Annu Rev.
Phytopathol., 2011, 49:317-343. cited by applicant .
Walker-Simmons et al., "Chitosans and Pectic Polysaccharides Both
Induce the Accumulation of the Antigungal Phytoalexin Pisatin in
Pea Pods and Antinutrient Proteinase Inhibitors in Tomato Leaves",
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 110, No.
1, pp. 194-199, Jan. 14, 1983. cited by applicant .
Lee et al., "Transient Expression Assay by Agroinfiltration of
Leaves", Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 323: Arabidopsis
Protocols, Second Edition, 2006. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Rosen; Jason Deveau
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear
LLP
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A nucleic acid molecule coding for a chimeric protein
comprising: an amino acid sequence with polygalacturonase inhibitor
(PGIP) activity of plant origin; and an amino acid sequence with
polygalacturonase (PG) activity of fungal, bacterial or insect
origin; wherein expression of the chimeric protein is under control
of a non-constitutive promoter; and wherein the amino acid sequence
with the PGIP activity is separated from the amino acid sequence
with the PG activity by a linker configured to prevent
intramolecular interactions, wherein the nucleic acid molecule
comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting essentially of SEQ ID
NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9.
2. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein said
chimeric protein comprises the amino acid sequence with the
polygalacturonase inhibitor (PGIP) activity of plant origin at the
N-terminal portion of the chimeric protein, and the amino acid
sequence with the polygalacturonase (PG) activity of fungal,
bacterial or insect origin at the C-terminal portion of the
chimeric protein.
3. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, comprising a
region coding for a signal peptide.
4. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the
promoter regulates the expression of PR-1 gene of Arabidopsis
(PPR-1).
5. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, incorporated in an
expression vector.
6. The expression vector according to claim 5, wherein the nucleic
acid molecule is under the control of the promoter which is active
in plants.
7. The expression vector according to claim 6, wherein the promoter
is pathogen inducible.
8. A method for producing at least one transgenic plant cell,
comprising: introducing the expression vector of claim 5 into at
least one plant cell.
9. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the
promoter is pathogen inducible.
10. The nucleic acid of claim 1 incorporated in at least one host
cell.
11. The host cell of claim 10, wherein the host cell is a plant
cell.
Description
RELATED CASES
This application is the national stage entry under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.
371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2015/081017,
filed on Dec. 22, 2015, which claims the benefit of Italian Patent
Application No. RM2014A000748, filed on Dec. 23, 2014, the entirety
of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention concerns a nucleic acid molecule capable of
expressing, in at least one plant tissue, a chimeric protein
comprising a polygalacturonase (PG) of fungal, bacterial or insect
origin and a plant polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP)
capable of inhibiting said PG. The present invention also relates
to transgenic plants that express said chimeric protein.
PRIOR ART
Plant immunity is mediated not only by pathogen-derived molecules,
called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) (1), but also
by endogenous molecules referred to as damage-associated molecular
patterns (DAMPs), which are released by the host cell during a
microbial infection (2-4).
Oligogalacturonides (OGs), oligomers of .alpha.-1,4-galacturonic
acid released by the plant cell wall following a partial hydrolysis
of homogalacturonan (HG), which is the main constituent of pectin,
are the best characterised of all DAMPs (3).
Most information on OGs has been obtained from in vitro experiments
using exogenous treatments; direct evidence of their accumulation
and their function in plants has to date been lacking.
In the last 30 years evidence has been provided of the fact that
OGs applied from the outside are capable of activating defence
responses in plant tissues (2,3,5). It has been speculated that the
enzymatic degradation of homogalacturonan, which takes place during
microbial infections, leads to a OG-mediated defence response of
the plant against pathogens. It has been demonstrated in vitro that
the interaction between polygalacturonase (PG) and the
polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP), located in the cell
wall, can favour the accumulation of OGs with eliciting activity
(4,6). The use of PGIP has since been tested in transgenic plants
(7-9), where the resistance provided by the inhibitor against a
fungus is dependent on the specificity of recognition of the
inhibitor, which enables it to inhibit only some of the various
existing fungal polygalacturonases (10,11).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,830 relates to nucleotide sequences encoding
plant polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIP) which inhibit the
activity of fungal polygalacturonases. Transgenic plants expressing
a heterologous PGIP show an increased resistance to the fungi that
normally infect plants.
Patent application EP0577252 relates to a method of creating a
transgenic tomato containing a lowered level of the isoform 1 of
polygalacturonase. The DNA sequence encoding at least a portion of
the polygalacturonase beta-subunit which is sufficient to hybridise
effectively to the mRNA for the polygalacturonase beta-subunit in
vivo is used to create a construct in which the cDNA is positioned
in such a way as to produce the antisense version of the
polygalacturonase beta-subunit message.
Moreover, the hypothesis that PGIP favors the production of OGs in
vivo and that these molecules in turn act as defence signals during
an infection has never been proven (Benedetti et al., Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, no. 17, 2015).
Further, plants simultaneously expressing the PGII of Aspergillus
niger and the PGIP2 of Phaseolus vulgaris, which is able to inhibit
the PGII of A. niger, obtained by crossing two transgenic plants
separately expressing either PG or PGIP, do not allow the
production of OG in vivo (Ferrari S, Galletti R, Pontiggia D,
Manfredini C, Lionetti V, Bellincampi D, Cervone F, De Lorenzo G:
Transgenic expression of a fungal endo-polygalacturonase increases
plant resistance to pathogens and reduces auxin sensitivity. Plant
Physiol 2008, 146:669-681).
The basic concept is founded on evidence deriving from the use of
OGs obtained in vitro from commercial pectins originating from
tissues of different species of plants. OGs with a degree of
polymerisation (DP) of between 10 and 15 activate a wide range of
defence responses, such as the accumulation of phytoalexins
(12-14), glucanase and chitinase (15, 16), as well as the
expression of genes correlated with defence (17,18) and the
production of reactive oxygen species (19, 20). In the model plant
Arabidopsis, OGs are perceived by the wall-associated receptor
kinase WAK1 (21, 22), activate gene expression independent of the
signalling pathway which involves ethylene, salicylic acid and
jasmonic acid (23) and activate the phosphorylation of the MAP
kinases AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 (24). OGs can moreover induce a strong
"oxidative burst" mediated by NADPH oxidase AtRbohD, which is also
partly involved in the consequent accumulation of callose in the
cell wall (20). Similarly, in the cells of mammals, DAMP signals
deriving from the degradation of hyaluronan in the extracellular
matrix activate inflammatory responses through the kinase receptors
TLR2 and TLR4, which are also required for the perception of MAMPs
(25). Therefore, MAMPs and DAMPs, notwithstanding their origin and
distinctive characteristics, are functionally similar both in
plants and animals (26).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The authors have demonstrated that Arabidopsis plants expressing a
chimeric protein obtained from the fusion between a fungal PG and a
PGIP accumulate OGs in plant tissues and hence activate the plant
defense responses. Furthermore, plants expressing this fusion
protein (called OG-machine, initials OGM), under the control of a
pathogen-inducible promoter, have an increased resistance against
pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The present
data demonstrate that it is possible to engineer the release of
DAMPs so as to be able to induce plant immunity in vivo. OGMs and
DAMPs are thus powerful tools capable of providing protection to
the plant against pathogens.
It is therefore an object of the present invention a nucleic acid
molecule coding for a chimeric protein comprising:
a) an amino acid sequence with a polygalacturonase inhibitor (PGIP)
activity of plant origin,
b) an amino acid sequence with a polygalacturonase (PG) activity as
in a) of fungal, bacterial or insect origin.
Preferably, said chimeric protein comprises the sequence a) at the
N-terminal portion and the sequence b) at the C-terminal
portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid
molecule codes for a chimeric protein wherein the amino acid
sequence with the PGIP activity comprises a sequence selected from
the group consisting of:
the sequence of PGIP2 of Phaseolus vulgari (Pv PGIP2) comprising
the sequence SEQ ID NO:4, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity, a isoform
thereof or a functional equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative,
synthetic or recombinant functional analogue thereof;
the sequence of PGIP1 of Phaseolus vulgari (Pv PGIP1) comprising
the sequence SEQ ID NO:23, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a
isoform thereof or a functional equivalent, variant, mutant,
derivative, synthetic or recombinant functional analogue
thereof;
the sequence of PGIP3 of Phaseolus vulgari (Pv PGIP3) comprising
the sequence SEQ ID NO:25, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a
isoform thereof or a functional equivalent, variant, mutant,
derivative, synthetic or recombinant functional analogue
thereof;
the sequence of the PGIP of Malus domestica comprising the sequence
SEQ ID NO: 26, or a functional fragment of the same responsible for
the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof or
functional equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or
recombinant functional analogue thereof;
the sequence of PGIP1 of Vitis vinifera comprising the sequence SEQ
ID NO: 28, or a functional fragment of the same responsible for the
polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof or
functional equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or
recombinant functional analogue thereof; and
the sequence of PGIP1 or PGIP2 of Arabidopsis thaliana comprising
respectively the sequence SEQ ID NO:30 or 31, or a functional
fragment of the same responsible for the polygalacturonase
inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof or a functional equivalent,
variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or recombinant functional
analogue thereof.
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acid
sequence with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of PGIP2 of
Phaseolus vulgaris (Pv PGIP2) comprising or having essentially the
sequence SEQ ID NO:4, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or
isoforms thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid
molecule codes for a chimeric protein wherein the amino acid
sequence with the PG activity comprises a sequence selected from
the group consisting of:
the sequence of PG of Fusarium phyllophilum (FpPG) comprising the
sequence SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:22, or a functional fragment of
the same responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or a
isoform thereof or functional equivalent, variant, mutant,
derivative, synthetic or recombinant functional analogue
thereof;
the sequence of PG2 of Aspergillus niger comprising the sequence
SEQ ID NO:24 or a functional fragment of the same responsible for
the polygalacturonase activity or a isoform thereof or a functional
equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or recombinant
functional analogue thereof;
the sequence of the PG of Colletotrichum lupini comprising the
sequence SEQ ID NO:27 or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or a isoform thereof
or a functional equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic
or recombinant functional analogue thereof; and
the sequence of BcPG2 of Botrytis cinerea comprising the sequence
SEQ ID NO:29 or a functional fragment of the same responsible for
the polygalacturonase activity or a isoform thereof or functional
equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or recombinant
functional analogue thereof.
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acid
sequence with the PG activity comprises the sequence of PG of
Fusarium phyllophilum (FpPG) comprising or having essentially the
sequence SEQ ID NO:2, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or isoforms
thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid
molecule codes for a chimeric protein wherein the amino acid
sequence with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of PGIP2 of
Phaseolus vulgari (Pv PGIP2) comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:4,
or a functional fragment of the same responsible for the
polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof
and wherein the amino acid sequence with the PG activity comprises
the sequence of PG of Fusarium phyllophilum (FpPG) comprising the
sequence SEQ ID NO:2, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or a isoform
thereof.
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid
molecule codes for a chimeric protein, comprising:
a) the SEQ ID NO:4 and
b) the SEQ ID NO:2.
Preferably, the functional fragment of the sequence SEQ ID NO:4,
has essentially the sequence aa. 30-aa. 342 of SEQ ID NO:4.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, the amino acid sequence
with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of PVPGIP1 of
Phaseolus vulgaris comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:23 or the
sequence of PGIP2 of Phaseolus vulgari (Pv PGIP2) comprising the
sequence SEQ ID NO:4, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a
isoform thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence with the PG
activity comprises the sequence of PG2 of Aspergillus niger
comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:24 or a functional fragment of
the same responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or a
isoform thereof.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, the amino acid sequence
with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of the PGIP of Malus
domestica comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:26, or a functional
fragment of the same responsible for the polygalacturonase
inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof and wherein the amino acid
sequence with the PG activity comprises the sequence of the PG of
Colletotrichum lupini comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:27 or a
functional fragment of the same responsible for the
polygalacturonase activity or a isoform thereof.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acid
sequence with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of PGIP1 of
Vitis vinifera comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:28, or a
functional fragment of the same responsible for the
polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a isoform thereof and
wherein the amino acid sequence with the PG activity comprises the
sequence of BcPG2 of Botrytis cinerea comprising the sequence SEQ
ID NO: 29 or a functional fragment of the same responsible for the
polygalacturonase activity or a isoform thereof.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acid
sequence with the PGIP activity comprises the sequence of PGIP1 or
PGIP2 of Arabidopsis thaliana comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO:30
or 31 respectively, or a functional fragment of the same
responsible for the polygalacturonase inhibitor activity or a
isoform thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence with the PG
activity comprises the sequence of BcPG2 of Botrytis cinerea
comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: 29 or a functional fragment of
the same responsible for the polygalacturonase activity or a
isoform thereof.
Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule according to the invention
comprises a region coding for a linker, preferably comprised
between the sequence coding for the amino acid sequence with PGIP
activity and the sequence coding for the amino acid sequence with
PG activity.
More preferably, said linker is of sequence Ala, Ala, Ala.
Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule according to the invention
comprises a region coding for a signal peptide, preferably derived
from bean or yeast.
In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule to the
invention comprises the nucleotide sequence having essentially the
SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9.
Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule as above defined further
comprises a promoter which is active in plants. Said promoter is
preferably pathogen inducible, more preferably it is the promoter
which regulates the expression of PR-1 gene of Arabidopsis (PPR-1)
(PPR-1 [Genbank: Accession number: CP002685.1, from 6242431 bp to
6243722 bp]). Preferably, said promoter comprises or has
essentially the sequence nt.1-1291 of the SEQ ID NO: 9. Other
preferred promoters are e.g.: promoter which regulates the
expression of VSR gene of Arabidopsis (PVSR) (PVSR [Genbank:
Accession number: CP002684.1, from 10996136 bp to 10997274 bp]),
promoter which regulates the expression of PBS2/RAR1 gene of
Arabidopsis (PPBS2/RAR1) (PPBS2/RAR1 [Genbank: Accession number:
CP002688.1, from 21003143 bp to 21004278 bp]).
Another object of the invention is an expression vector comprising
the nucleic acid molecule as above defined. In said expression
vector, the nucleic acid molecule is preferably under the control
of a promoter which is active in plants. Said promoter is
preferably pathogen inducible, more preferably it is the promoter
which regulates the expression of PR-1 gene of Arabidopsis (PPR-1)
(PPR-1 [Genbank: Accession number: CP002685.1, from 6242431 bp to
6243722 bp]). Preferably, said promoter comprises or has
essentially the sequence nt.1-1291 of the SEQ ID NO: 9.
Other preferred promoters are e.g.: promoter which regulates the
expression of VSR gene of Arabidopsis (PVSR) (PVSR [Genbank:
Accession number: CP002684.1, from 10996136 bp to 10997274 bp]),
promoter which regulates the expression of PBS2/RAR1 gene of
Arabidopsis (PPBS2/RAR1) (PPBS2/RAR1 [Genbank: Accession number:
CP002688.1, from 21003143 bp to 21004278 bp]).
Another object of the invention is the use of the vector as
described above or of the nucleic acid molecule as described above
for producing transgenic plants or transformed plant tissues or
transformed plant cells.
A further object of the invention is a transgenic plant obtainable
through the use as described above, or parts thereof.
Another object of the invention is a transgenic plant, or parts
thereof, comprising the nucleic acid molecule as described above
and/or expressing the chimeric protein or functional fragments
thereof according to the invention.
Another object of the invention are the seeds of the transgenic
plant of the invention.
Another object of the invention is a chimeric protein, or a
functional fragment of the same, as described above.
A further object of the invention is a chimeric protein, or a
functional fragment of the same, coded by the nucleic acid molecule
as described above.
Preferably, said chimeric protein comprises the amino acid sequence
having essentially the SEQ ID NO: 6 or the SEQ ID NO: 8 or
functional fragment or equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative,
synthetic or recombinant functional analogue thereof.
Another object of the invention is a genetically engineered host
cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule as described above or the
vector as described above and/or expressing the chimeric protein as
described above.
The functional fragment of the amino acid sequence with the PGIP
activity can comprise, for example, at least 20, 25, 35, 40, 50,
60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190,
200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320,
330 or 340 aa of the SEQ ID NO: 4, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30 or 31.
TABLE-US-00001 The amino acid sequence with the PG activity
comprising the sequence of PG of Fusarium phyllophilum (FpPG) can
alternatively have the sequence of NCBI Uniprot Accession Number:
Q07181.1: (SEQ ID NO: 22) ORIGIN 1 mvrnivsrlc sqlfalpsss lqerdpcsvt
eysglatavs scknivlngf qvptgkqldi 61 sslqudstvt fkgtttfatt
adndfnpivi sgsnititga sghvidgngq aywdgkgsns 121 nsnqkpdhfi
vvqkttgnsk itnlniqnwp vhcfditgss qltisglild nragdkpnak 181
sgslpaahnt dgfdisssdh vtldnnhvyn qddcvavtsg trtiwsnmyc sgghglsigs
241 vggksdnvvd gvcgflssqw nsqngcriks nsgatgtinn vtyqniaitn
istygvdvqq 301 dyinggptgk ptngvkisni kfikvtgtva ssaqdwfilc
gdgscsgftf sgnaitgggk 361 tssenyptnt cps. //
The functional fragment of the amino acid sequence with the PG
activity can comprise, for example, at least 20, 25, 35, 40, 50,
60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190,
200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320,
330 or 340 aa of the SEQ ID NO: 2, 22, 24, 27 or 29.
Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule according to the invention
comprises the nucleotide sequence having essentially the SEQ ID
NO:3 and/or the SEQ ID NO:1.
The above described linker is preferably 2-10 amino acid long, more
preferably 3-8 amino acid long, even more preferably it is 3 amino
acid long.
Preferably, said linker comprises hydrophobic aminoacids. More
preferably, said linker is of the sequence Ala, Ala, Ala.
The linker as above defined may be selected by the skilled in the
art according to its properties. In particular, said linker should
be of a proper length which allows to avoid the proteolytic
cleavage of the chimeric protein. Said linker allows the equimolar
production of the amino acid sequence with PGIP activity and of the
amino acid sequence with PG activity. The linker also allows the
intermolecular interaction between the PGIP and the PG moieties,
while not permitting intramolecular enzyme-inhibitor
interactions.
The chimeric protein according to the invention, is preferably
expressed under the control of a promoter that is non constitutive
and which is preferably active only during the infection.
Said promoter is preferably the promoter which regulates the
expression of the gene PR-1 of Arabidopsis (PPR-1 [Genbank:
Accession number: CP002685.1, from 6242431 bp to 6243722 bp]).
Preferably, said promoter comprises or has essentially the sequence
nt.1-1291 of the SEQ ID NO: 9.
The nucleic acid of the invention allows to obtain the expression
of both PGIP and PG simultaneously and in equimolar amounts.
The transgenic plants according to the invention thus accumulate
equimolar levels of PG and PGIP.
As used here, the term "nucleic acid" refers to RNA or DNA,
preferably DNA. Said DNA can be double-stranded or single-stranded.
The term also includes the complementary strand of the specified
sequences. The nucleic acid molecule of the invention can also
include additional coding sequences, such as a leader sequence or a
pro-protein sequence, and/or additional non-coding sequences, such
as UTR sequences.
The term "nucleic acid" can also refer to a "vector", such as, for
example, an expression vector. The term "expression vector"
comprises, for example, a plasmid, a viral particle, a phage, etc.
Such vectors can include bacterial plasmids, phagic DNA,
baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors derived from combinations of
plasmids and phage DNA, and viral DNA, such as vaccinia,
adenovirus, fowl pox virus and pseudorabies virus. A large number
of suitable vectors are known to the person skilled in the art and
are commercially available.
The nucleic acid molecule, preferably the DNA sequence, in the
vector is operatively linked to an appropriate expression control
sequence (promoter) for direct mRNA synthesis. As examples
representative of such promoters, one may mention a prokaryote or
eukaryote promoter such as a CMV immediate-early promoter, HSV
thymidine kinases, early and late SV40 and retrovirus LTR. The
promoter is preferably the above defined promoter of PR-1. The
expression vector also contains a ribosomal binding site for
starting the translation and a transcription vector. The vector can
also include sequences appropriate for the expression of
amplification.
Furthermore, the vectors preferably contain one or more marker
genes that can be selected to provide a phenotypic trait for the
selection of the transformed host cell, e.g. dihydrofolate
reductase or neomycin resistance for the culture of eukaryotic
cells, or tetracycline or ampicillin resistance in E. coli.
As used here, the term "genetically engineered host cell" refers to
host cells that have been transduced, transformed or transfected
with the nucleic acid molecule or with the vector previously
described.
As representative examples of appropriate host cells, one may
mention bacterial cells such as E. coli, Streptomyces and
Salmonella typhimurium cells, fungal cells such as yeast cells,
insect cells such as Sf9 cells, animal cells such as CHO or COS
cells, plant cells etc. The selection of an appropriate host is
considered in the field of application by the person skilled in the
art. Preferably, said host cell is a plant cell.
The nucleic acid molecule or vector previously described can be
introduced into the host cell using methods that are well known to
a person skilled in the art, e.g. transfection with calcium
phosphate, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, biolistic particle
bombardment, transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
or electroporation.
The nucleic acid molecule of the invention can comprise a region
coding for a linker capable of favouring intra- or intermolecular
interaction in the chimeric protein.
In the context of the present invention the terms "protein", "amino
acid sequence with PGIP activity" or "amino acid sequence with PG
activity" include:
i. the whole protein (for example pvPGIP2 [Uniprot Accession
Number: P58822.1], or the SEQ ID NO:4, or FpPG [Uniprot Accession
Number: Q07181.1] or the SEQ ID NO:2, or the other PGIPs and PGs
above described), isoform, allelic variants and proteins coded by
an orthologous gene of the same (for example, proteins coded by an
orthologous gene of Pv PGIP2 or of SEQ ID NO:4, or proteins coded
by an orthologous gene of FpPG or of SEQ ID NO:2 or of the other
PGIPs and PGs above described);
ii. any functional fragment of the protein with an inhibiting
activity of PG, in the case of PGIP protein fragments, or
polygalacturonase activity, in the case of PG protein
fragments;
iii. any equivalent, variant, mutant, functional derivative,
synthetic or recombinant functional analogue, with PG-inhibiting
activity in the case of equivalents, variants, mutants, functional
derivatives, synthetic or recombinant functional analogues of the
PGIP protein or of the amino acid sequence with PGIP activity (or
of SEQ ID NO: 4 or of the sequences of the other PGIPs above
described) or with polygalacturonase activity in the case of
equivalents, variants, mutants, functional derivatives and
synthetic or recombinant functional analogues of the PG protein or
of the amino acid sequence with PG activity (or of SEQ ID NO: 2 or
of the sequences of the other PGs above described).
In the context of the present invention, the term "functional
fragment" of the chimeric protein as described above refers to
fragments which, once expressed in a plant, plant tissue or plant
cells are capable of inducing the release of oligogalacturonides
(OGs). Said fragment may be long 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450,
500, 550, 600 amino acids.
The term "chimeric protein" also includes its functional
equivalent, variant, mutant, derivative, synthetic or recombinant
functional analogue.
The terms "mutant" or "derivative" or "variant", as used in the
context of the present invention can be intended as the
substitution, deletion and/or addition of a single amino acid in
the protein sequence. Preferably, the mutation of the protein
sequence in the present invention is a substitution. The
substitution can take place with a genetically coded amino acid or
a non-genetically coded amino acid. Examples of non-genetically
coded amino acids are homocysteine, hydroxyproline, omithin,
hydroxylysine, citrulline, carnitine, etc.
As used here, the term "equivalent" means a peptide having at least
one of the activities of the protein PGIP or PG or the same
activity of the chimeric protein of the invention.
"Analogue" will be understood to mean a protein that exhibits some
modifications relative to the proteins PG or PGIP. These
modifications can be a deletion, a truncation, an extension, a
chimeric fusion, and/or a mutation. Among the analogue proteins,
those showing more than 80% of identity are preferred.
"Derivative" refers to any protein, possibly mutated, truncated,
and/or extended, which was chemically modified or contains unusual
amino acids.
As used here, the term "derivatives" refers also to proteins having
a percentage of identity of at least 75% with the sequences
disclosed in the present invention, e.g. with SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID
NO:4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO:8, preferably at least 85%, for
example at least 90%, and more preferably at least 95%.
The chimeric protein of the invention, if required, can be modified
in vitro and/or in vivo, for example by glycosylation,
myristoylation, amidation, carboxylation or phosphorylation, and
can be obtained, for example, by means of synthetic or recombinant
techniques known in the art.
As used here, the term "orthologues" refers to genes in different
species relative to the gene coding for the proteins PvPGIP, or of
SEQ ID NO:4, or FpPG, or of SEQ ID NO:2 or relative to the gene for
the proteins as above defined. As examples of such orthologues, one
may mention the proteins corresponding to PGIP in Arabidopsis
thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, Glycine max, Gossypium arboreum,
Brassica napus, Vitis vinifera and Beta vulgaris or PG in Botrytis
cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Colletotricum lupini, Fusarium
oxysporum, Erwinia carotovora, Lygus ruguhpennis and Adelphocoris
lineolatus.
In further preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the
invention codes for a protein comprising the sequences of:
TABLE-US-00002 the isoform PVPGIP1 of Phaseolus vulgaris (NCBI
Uniprot Accession Number P35334.1: ORIGIN 1 mtqfnlpvtm ssslsillvi
lvslrtalse lcnpqdkqal lqikkdlgnp ttlsswlptt 61 dccnrtwlgv
lcdtdtqtyr vnnldlsghn lpkpypipss lanlpylnfl yigginnlvg 121
pippaiaklt alhylyitht nvsgaipdfl sqiktlvtld fsynalsgtl ppsisslpnl
181 ggitfdgnri sgaipdsygs fsklftamti srnrltgkip ptfanlnlaf
vdlsrnmleg 241 dasvlfgsdk ntkkihlakn slafdlgkvg lsknlngldl
rnnriygtlp qgltqlkflq 301 slnvsfnnlc geipqggnlk rfdvssyann
kclcgsplps ct // (SEQ ID NO: 23)) and the isoform PG2 of
Aspergillus niger (Uniprot Accession Number P26214.1: ORIGIN 1
mhsfasllay glvagatfas aspieardsc tfttaaaaka gkakcstitl nnievpagtt
61 ldltgltsgt kvifegtttf gyeewagpli smsgehitvt gasghlincd
garwwdgkgt 121 sgkkkpkffy ahgldsssit glnikntplm afsvqandit
ftdvtinnad gdtqgghntd 181 afdvgnsvgv niikpwvhnq ddclavnsge
niwftggtci gghglsigsv gdrsnnvvkn 241 vtiehstvsn senavrikti
sgatgsvsei tysnivmsgi sdygvviqqd yedgkptgkp 301 tngvtiqdvk
lesvtgsvds gateiyllcg sgscsdwtwd dvkvtggkks tacknfpsva 361 sc //
(SEQ ID NO: 24)) (10); the PGIP of Malus domestica (NCBI Uniprot
Accession Number P93270.1): ORIGIN 1 melkfsifls ltllfssvlk
palsdlcnpd dkkvllqikk afgdpyvlts wksdtdccdw 61 ycvtcdsttn
rinsltifag qvsgqipalv gdlpyletle fhkqpnitgp iqpaiaklkg 121
lkflrlswtn lsgsvpdfls qlknitfldl sfnnitgaip sslsqlpnln alhldrnklt
181 ghipkslgqf ignvpdlyls hnqlsgnipt sfaqmdftsi dlsrnklegd
asvifglnkt 241 tqivdlsrnl lefnlskvef ptsltsldin hnkiygsipv
eftqlnfqfl nvsynrlcgq 301 ipvggklqsf deysyfhnrc lcgaplpsck // (SEQ
ID NO: 26)) and the PG of Colletotrichum lupini var setosum (NCBI
Uniprot Accession Number A1E266.1): ORIGIN 1 mvssllalga laataiaapl
darasctftd aaaaikgkas ctsiilngiv vpagttldmt 61 glksgttvtf
qgkttfgyke wegplisfsg tniningasg hsidcqgsrw wdskgsnggk 121
tkpkffyahs lkssnikgln vintpvqafs insattlgvy dviidnsagd sagghntdaf
181 dvgsstgvyi sganvknqdd clainsgtni tftggtcsgg hglsigsvgg
rsdntvktvt 241 isnskivnsd ngvriktvsg atgsysgvty sgitlsniak
ygivieqdye ngsptgtptn 301 gvpitgltls kitgsvassg tnvyilcasg
acsnwkwsgv svtggkkstk csnipsgsga 361 ac // (SEQ ID NO: 27))
(Oelofse D, Dubery I A, Meyer R, Arendse M S, Gazendam I, Berger D
K: Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in
transgenic tobacco inhibits polygalacturonases from fungal
pathogens of apple and the anthracnose pathogen of lupins.
Phytochem 2006, 67:255-263.);
TABLE-US-00003 the isoform PGIP1 of Vitis vinifera (NCBI Uniprot
Accession Number A7PW81.1): ORIGIN 1 metsklflls sslllvllat
rpcpslserc npkdkkvllq ikkaldtpyi laswnpntdc 61 cgwycvecdl
tthrinslti fsgqlsgqip davgdlpfle tlifrklsnl tgqippaiak 121
lkhlkmvrls wtnlfgpvpa ffselknity ldlsfnnlsg pipgslsllp nlgalhidrn
181 hltgpipdsf gkfagstpgl hlshnqlsgk ipysfrgfdp nvmdlsrnkl
egdlsiffna 241 nkstqivdfs rnlfqfdlsr vefpksltsl dlshnkiags
1pemmtsldl qfinvsynr1 301 cgkipvggkl qsfdydsyfh nrcicgaplq sck //
(SEQ ID NO: 28)) and the isoform BcPG2 of Botrytis cinerea (NCBI
Uniprot Accession Number A4VB48.1): ORIGIN 1 mvhitslisf lastalvsaa
pgsapadldr ragctfstaa taiaskttcs tiildsvvvp 61 agttldltgl
ktgtkvifqg tatfgysewe gplisisgqd ivvtgasgnk idgggarwwd 121
glgsnvsagk gkvkpkffsa hkltgsssit glnflnapvq cisiggsvgl slininidns
181 agdagnlghn tdafdinlsq nifisgaivk nqddcvavns gtnitftggn
csgghglsig 241 svggrsgtga ndvkdvrfls stvqkstngv rvktvsdtkg
svtgvtfqdi tligitgvgi 301 dvqqdyqngs ptgtptngvp itgltmnnvh
gnviggqnty ilcancsgwt wnkvavtggt 361 vkkacagvpt gasc // (SEQ ID NO:
29))
(Joubert D A, Kars I, Wagemakers L, Bergmann C, Kemp G, Vivier M A,
van Kan J A L: A polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from
grapevine reduces the symptoms of the endopolygalacturonase BcPG2
from Botrytis cinerea in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves without any
evidence for in vitro interaction. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 2007,
20:392-402);
TABLE-US-00004 The isoforms PGIP1 or PGIP2 of Arabidopsis thaliana
(NCBI Uniprot Accession Number Q9M5J9.1 and Q9M5J8.2,
respectively]): ORIGIN 1 mdktatlcll flftflttcl skdlcnqndk
ntllkikksl nnpyhlaswd pqtdccswyc 61 lecgdatvnh rvtaltifsg
qisgqipaev gdlpyletiv frklsnitgt iqptiaklkn 121 lrmlrlswtn
ltgpipdfis qlknleflel sfndlsgsip sslstlpkil alelsrnklt 181
gsipesfgsf pgtvpdlrls hnqlsgpipk slgnidfnri dlsrnklqgd asmlfgsnkt
241 twsidlsrnm fqfdiskvdi pktlgildln hngitgnipv qwteaplqff
nvsynklcgh 301 iptggklqtf dsysyfhnkc lcgapleick // (SEQ ID NO: 30)
ORIGIN 1 mdktmtlfll lstlllttsl akdlchkddk ttllkikksl nnpyhlaswd
pktdccswyc 61 lecgdatvnh rvtsliiqdg eisgqippev gdlpyltsli
frkltnitgh iqptiaklkn 121 ltflrlswtn ltgpvpefls qlknleyidl
sfndlsgsip sslsslrkle ylelsrnklt 181 gpipesfgtf sgkvpslfls
hnqlsgtipk slgnpdfyri dlsrnklqgd asilfgakkt 241 twivdisrnm
fqfdlskvkl aktlnnldmn hngitgsipa ewskayfqll nvsynrlcgr 301
ipkgeyiqrf dsysffhnkc lcgaplpsck // (SEQ ID NO: 31))
and the isoform BcPG2 of Botrytis cinerea (NCBI Uniprot Accession
Number A4VB48.1) (SEQ ID NO:29)) (Ferrari S, Galletti R, Denoux C,
De Lorenzo G, Ausubel F M, Dewdney J: Resistance to Botrytis
cinerea induced in Arabidopsis by elicitors is independent of
salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate signaling but requires
PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3. Plant Physiol 2007, 144:367-379)
or any other combinations of PG and PGIP known to the expert in the
art.
TABLE-US-00005 A further isoform of PGIP included in the present
invention is, for example, PvPGIP3 (Uniprot Accession Number
P58823.1: ORIGIN: 1 mtqfnipvtm ssslsiilvi lvslrtalse lcnpqdkqal
lqikkdlgnp ttlsswlptt 61 dccnrtwlgv lcdtdtqtyr vnnldlsghn
lpkpypipss lanlpylnfl yigginnlvg 121 pippaiaklt qlhylyitht
nvsgaipdfl sqiktlvtld fsynalsgtl ppsisslpnl 181 vgitfdgnri
sgaipdsygs fsklftsmti srnrltgkip ptfanlnlaf vdlsrnmlqg 241
dasvlfgsdk ntqkihlakn sldfdlekvg lsknlngldl rnnriygtlp qgltqlkflh
301 slnvsfnnlc geipqggnlq rfdvsayann kclcgsplpa ct // (SEQ ID NO:
25)).
The nucleic acid molecule according to the invention also comprises
sequences having 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% identity sequence with
the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO:
9.
The transgenic plants according to the invention are resistant to
bacterial and/or fungal and/or insect infections, produced e.g. by
Botrytis cinerea, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas
syringae p.v. tabaci DC3000.
In the context of the present invention the "plant" may be e.g. a
plant included in the genera Arabidopsis, as e.g. Arabidopsis
thaliana, or Phaseolus, as e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris, or Nicotiana,
as e.g. Nicotiana tabacum, or Glycine, as e.g. Glycine max, or
Gossypium, as e.g. Gossypium arboreum, or Brassica, as e.g.
Brassica napus, or Vitis, as e.g. Vitis vinifera, or Beta, as e.g.
Beta vulgaris, or Triticum, as e.g. Triticum aestivum, or Solanum,
as e.g. Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum tuberosum and Solanum
melongena L., or Musa, as e.g. Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana,
or Fragaria, as e.g. Fragaria vesca, Fragaria viridis and Fragaria
moschata, or Oryza, as e.g. Oryza sativa, or Hordeum, as e.g.
Hordeum vulgare, or Olea, as e.g. Olea europaea.
In the context of the present invention fungal origin means that
the protein is of e.g. a fungus included in the genera Fusarium, as
e.g. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium phyllophiliu, Aspergillus, as
e.g. Aspergillus niger, Botrytis, as e.g. Botrytis cinerea,
Colletotrichum, as e.g. Colletotrichum lupine.
In the context of the present invention bacterial origin means that
the protein is of e.g. a bacterium included in the genera Erwinia,
as e.g. Erwinia carotovora.
In the context of the present invention bacterial origin means that
the protein is of e.g. a insect included in the genera Lygus, as
e.g. Lygus rugulipennis, and Adelphocoris, as e.g. Adelphocoris
lineolatus.
TABLE-US-00006 SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE of Fusarium
phyllophilum PG (cDNA without the sequence coding for the signal
peptide and the proteolytic cleavage signal ["GAT" nucleotides])
(SEQ ID NO: 1) CCCTGCTCCGTGACTGAGTACTCTGGCCTCGCCACCGCTGTCTCATCCT
GCAAAAACATCGTGCTCAACGGTTTCCAAGTCCCGACAGGCAAGCAACT
CGACCTATCCAGCCTCCAGAATGACTCGACCGTTACCTTCAAGGGCACG
ACCACTTTTGCCACCACTGCTGATAACGACTTTAATCCTATCGTCATTA
GTGGAAGTAACATCACTATCACTGGTGCATCTGGCCATGTCATTGATGG
CAACGGTCAGGCGTACTGGGATGGCAAAGGTTCTAACAGCAATAGCAAC
CAAAAGCCCGATCACTTCATCGTTGTTCAGAAGACCACCGGCAACTCAA
AGATCACAAACCTAAATATCCAGAACTGGCCCGTTCACTGCTTCGACAT
TACAGGCAGCTCGCAATTGACCATCTCAGGGCTTATTCTTGATAACAGA
GCTGGCGACAAGCCTAACGCCAAGAGCGGTAGCTTGCCCGCTGCGCATA
ACACCGACGGTTTCGACATCTCGTCCAGTGACCACGTTACGCTGGATAA
CAATCATGTTTATAACCAAGATGATTGTGTTGCTGTTACTTCCGGTACA
AACATCGTCGTTTCTAACATGTATTGCTCCGGCGGCCATGGTCTTAGTA
TCGGATCTGTTGGTGGAAAGAGCGACAATGTCGTTGATGGTGTTCAGTT
CTTGAGCTCGCAGGTTGTGAACAGTCAGAATGGATGTCGCATCAAGTCC
AACTCTGGCGCAACTGGCACGATCAACAACGTCACCTACCAGAACATTG
CTCTCACCAACATCAGCACGTACGGTGTCGATGTTCAGCAGGACTATCT
CAACGGCGGCCCTACTGGAAAGCCGACCAACGGAGTCAAGATCAGCAAC
ATCAAGTTCATCAAGGTCACTGGCACTGTGGCTAGCTCTGCCCAGGATT
GGTTTATTCTGTGTGGTGATGGTAGCTGCTCTGGATTTACCTTCTCTGG
AAACGCTATTACTGGTGGTGGCAAGACTAGCAGCTGCAACTATCCTACC
AACACTTGCCCCAGCTAG AMINO ACID Sequence of Fusarium phyllophilum PG
(without the amino acid sequence coding for the signal peptide and
amino acid D, proteolytic cleavage signal) (SEQ ID NO: 2,
corresponding to region aa. 26-aa. 373 of the sequence with
Accession No. NCBI Q07181.1) ORIGIN 1 PCSVTEYSGL ATAVSSCKNI 21
VLNGFQVPTG KQLDLSSLQN 41 DSTVTFKGTT TFATTADNDF 61 NPIVISGSNI
TITGASGHVI 81 DGNGQAYWDG KGSNSNSNQK 101 PDHFIVVQKT TGNSKITNLN 121
IQNWPVHCFD ITGSSQLTIS 141 GLILDNRAGD KPNAKSGSLP 161 AAHNTDGFDI
SSSDHVTLDN 181 NHVYNQDDCV AVTSGTNIVV 201 SNMYCSGGHG LSIGSVGGKS 221
DNVVDGVQFL SSQVVNSQNG 241 CRIKSNSGAT GTINNVTYQN 261 IALTNISTYG
VDVQQDYLNG 281 GPTGKPTNGV KISNIKFIKV 301 TGTVASSAQD WFILCGDGSC 321
SGFTFSGNAI TGGGKTSSCN 341 YPTNTCPS* NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE of
Phaseolus vulgaris PGIP2 (SEQ ID NO: 3)
ATGACTCAATTCAATATCCCAGTAACCATGTCTTCAAGCTTAAGCATAA
TTTTGGTCATTCTTGTATCTTTGAGCACTGCACACTCAGAGCTATGCAA
CCCACAAGACAAGCAAGCCCTTCTCCAAATCAAGAAAGACCTTGGCAAC
CCAACCACTCTCTCCTCATGGCTTCCAACCACCGACTGTTGCAACAGAA
CCTGGCTAGGTGTTTTATGCGACACCGACACCCAAACATATCGCGTCAA
CAACCTCGACCTCTCCGGCCTTAACCTCCCAAAACCCTACCCTATCCCT
TCCTCCCTCGCCAACCTCCCCTACCTCAATTTTCTATACATTGGTGGCA
TCAATAACCTCGTCGGTCCAATCCCCCCCGCCATCGCTAAACTCACCCA
ACTCCACTATCTCTATATCACCCACACCAATGTCTCCGGCGCAATACCC
GATTTCTTGTCACAGATCAAAACCCTCGTCACCCTCGACTTCTCCTACA
ACGCCCTCTCCGGCACCCTACCTCCCTCCATCTCTTCTCTCCCCAACCT
CGTCGGAATCACATTCGACGGCAACCGAATCTCCGGCGCCATCCCCGAC
TCCTACGGCTCATTTTCGAAGCTGTTCACGTCGATGACCATCTCCCGCA
ACCGCCTCACCGGGAAGATTCCGCCGACGTTTGCGAATCTGAACCTGGC
GTTCGTTGACTTGTCTCGAAACATGCTGGAGGGTGACGCGTCGGTGTTG
TTCGGATCAGATAAGAACACGCAGAAGATACATCTGGCGAAGAACTCTC
TTGCCTTTGATTTGGGGAAAGTGGGGTTGTCAAAGAACTTGAACGGGTT
GGATCTGAGGAACAACCGTATCTATGGGACGCTACCGCAGGGACTGACG
CAGCTAAAGTTTCTGCACAGTTTAAATGTGAGCTTCAACAATCTGTGCG
GTGAGATTCCTCAAGGTGGGAACTTGCAAAGATTTGACGTTTCTGCTTA
TGCCAACAACAAGTGCTTGTGTGGTTCTCCTCTTCCTGCCTGCACT AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
of Phaseolus vulgaris PGIP2 (SEQ ID NO: 4, Accession No. NCBI
UNIPROT P58822.1) ORIGIN 1 MTQFNIPVTM SSSLSIILVI 21 LVSLSTARSE
LCNPQDKQAL 41 LQIKKDLGNP TTLSSWLPTT 61 DCCNRTWLGV LCDTDTQTYR 81
VNNLDLSGLN LPKPYPIPSS 101 LANLPYLNFL YIGGINNLVG 121 PIPPAIAKLT
QIHYLYITHT 141 NVSGAIPDFL SQIKTLVTLD 161 FSYNALSGTL PPSISSLPNL 181
VGITFDGNRI SGAIPDSYGS 201 FSKLFTSMTI SRNRLTGKIP 221 PTFANLNLAF
VDLSRNMLEG 241 DASVLFGSDK NTQKIHLAKN 261 SLAFDLGKVG LSKNINGLDL 281
RNNRIYGTLP QGLTQLKFLH 301 SLNVSFNNLC GEIPQGGNLQ 321 RFDVSAYANN
KCLCGSPLPA 341 CT* NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE OGM EXPRESSED IN
PLANTS (SEQ ID NO: 5)
ATGACTCAATTCAATATCCCAGTAACCATGTCTTCAAGCTTAAGCATAA
TTTTGGTCATTCTTGTATCTTTGAGCACTGCACACTCAGAGCTATGCAA
CCCACAAGACAAGCAAGCCCTTCTCCAAATCAAGAAAGACCTTGGCAAC
CCAACCACTCTCTCCTCATGGCTTCCAACCACCGACTGTTGCAACAGAA
CCTGGCTAGGTGTTTTATGCGACACCGACACCCAAACATATCGCGTCAA
CAACCTCGACCTCTCCGGCCTTAACCTCCCAAAACCCTACCCTATCCCT
TCCTCCCTCGCCAACCTCCCCTACCTCAATTTTCTATACATTGGTGGCA
TCAATAACCTCGTCGGTCCAATCCCCCCCGCCATCGCTAAACTCACCCA
ACTCCACTATCTCTATATCACCCACACCAATGTCTCCGGCGCAATACCC
GATTTCTTGTCACAGATCAAAACCCTCGTCACCCTCGACTTCTCCTACA
ACGCCCTCTCCGGCACCCTACCTCCCTCCATCTCTTCTCTCCCCAACCT
CGTCGGAATCACATTCGACGGCAACCGAATCTCCGGCGCCATCCCCGAC
TCCTACGGCTCATTTTCGAAGCTGTTCACGTCGATGACCATCTCCCGCA
ACCGCCTCACCGGGAAGATTCCGCCGACGTTTGCGAATCTGAACCTGGC
GTTCGTTGACTTGTCTCGAAACATGCTGGAGGGTGACGCGTCGGTGTTG
TTCGGATCAGATAAGAACACGCAGAAGATACATCTGGCGAAGAACTCTC
TTGCCTTTGATTTGGGGAAAGTGGGGTTGTCAAAGAACTTGAACGGGTT
GGATCTGAGGAACAACCGTATCTATGGGACGCTACCGCAGGGACTGACG
CAGCTAAAGTTTCTGCACAGTTTAAATGTGAGCTTCAACAATCTGTGCG
GTGAGATTCCTCAAGGTGGGAACTTGCAAAGATTTGACGTTTCTGCTTA
TGCCAACAACAAGTGCTTGTGTGGTTCTCCTCTTCCTGCCTGCACT
CCCTGCTCCGTGACTGAGTACTCTGGCCTCGCCACCGCTG
TCTCATCCTGCAAAAACATCGTGCTCAACGGTTTCCAAGTCCCGACAGG
CAAGCAACTCGACCTATCCAGCCTCCAGAATGACTCGACCGTTACCTTC
AAGGGCACGACCACTTTTGCCACCACTGCTGATAACGACTTTAATCCTA
TCGTCATTAGTGGAAGTAACATCACTATCACTGGTGCATCTGGCCATGT
CATTGATGGCAACGGTCAGGCGTACTGGGATGGCAAAGGTTCTAACAGC
AATAGCAACCAAAAGCCCGATCACTTCATCGTTGTTCAGAAGACCACCG
GCAACTCAAAGATCACAAACCTAAATATCCAGAACTGGCCCGTTCACTG
CTTCGACATTACAGGCAGCTCGCAATTGACCATCTCAGGGCTTATTCTT
GATAACAGAGCTGGCGACAAGCCTAACGCCAAGAGCGGTAGCTTGCCCG
CTGCGCATAACACCGACGGTTTCGACATCTCGTCCAGTGACCACGTTAC
GCTGGATAACAATCATGTTTATAACCAAGATGATTGTGTTGCTGTTACT
TCCGGTACAAACATCGTCGTTTCTAACATGTATTGCTCCGGCGGCCATG
GTCTTAGTATCGGATCTGTTGGTGGAAAGAGCGACAATGTCGTTGATGG
TGTTCAGTTCTTGAGCTCGCAGGTTGTGAACAGTCAGAATGGATGTCGC
ATCAAGTCCAACTCTGGCGCAACTGGCACGATCAACAACGTCACCTACC
AGAACATTGCTCTCACCAACATCAGCACGTACGGTGTCGATGTTCAGCA
GGACTATCTCAACGGCGGCCCTACTGGAAAGCCGACCAACGGAGTCAAG
ATCAGCAACATCAAGTTCATCAAGGTCACTGGCACTGTGGCTAGCTCTG
CCCAGGATTGGTTTATTCTGTGTGGTGATGGTAGCTGCTCTGGATTTAC
CTTCTCTGGAAACGCTATTACTGGTGGTGGCAAGACTAGCAGCTGCAAC
TATCCTACCAACACTTGCCCCAGCTAG Legend: underlined: SEQUENCE CODING FOR
PGIP2 italics: SEQUENCE CODING FOR FpPG bold: sequence coding for
the spacer composed of 3 alanines AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF OGM
EXPRESSED IN PLANTS (inducible both by b-estradiol and under the
control of the promoter PR-1) (SEQ ID NO: 6) ORIGIN 1 MTQFNIPVTM
SSSLSIILVI 21 LVSLSTAHSE LCNPQDKQAL 41 LQIKKDLGNP TTLSSWLPTT 61
DCCNRTWLGV LCDTDTQTYR 81 VNNLDLSGLN LPKPYPIPSS 101 LANLPYLNFL
YIGGINNLVG 121 PIPPAIAKLT QLHYLYITHT 141 NVSGAIPDFL SQIKTLVTLD 161
FSYNALSGTL PPSISSLPNL 181 VGITFDGNRI SGAIPDSYGS 201 FSKLFTSMTI
SRNRLTGKIP 221 PTFANLNLAF VDLSRNMLEG 241 DASVLFGSDK NTQKIHLAKN 261
SLAFDLGKVG LSKNLNGLDL 281 RNNRIYGTLP QGLTQLKFLH 301 SLNVSFNNLC
GEIPQGGNLQ 321 RFDVSAYANN KCLCGSPLPA 341 CTAAAPCSVT EYSGLATAVS 361
SCKNIVLNGF QVPTGKQLDL 381 SSLQNDSTVT FKGTTTFATT 401 ADNDFNPIVI
SGSNITITGA 421 SGHVIDGNGQ AYWDGKGSNS 441 NSNQKPDHFI VVQKTTGNSK 461
ITNLNIQNWP VHCFDITGSS 481 QLTISGLILD NRAGDKPNAK 501 SGSLPAAHNT
DGFDISSSDH 521 VTLDNNHVYN QDDCVAVTSG 541 TNIVVSNMYC SGGHGLSIGS 561
VGGKSDNVVD GVQFLSSQVV 581 NSQNGCRIKS NSGATGTINN 601 VTYQNIALTN
ISTYGVDVQQ 621 DYLNGGPTGK PTNGVKISNI 641 KFIKVTGTVA SSAQDWFILC 661
GDGSCSGFTF SGNAITGGGK 681 TSSCNYPTNT CPS* Legend: underlined: AMINO
ACID SEQUENCE OF PGIP2 italics: AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF FpPG bold:
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE FOR THE SPACER COMPOSED OF 3 ALANINES
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF OGM EXPRESSED IN PICHIA (SEQ ID NO: 7)
GAGCTATGCAACCCACAAGACAAGCAAGCCCTTCTCCAAATCAAGAAAG
ACCTTGGCAACCCAACCACTCTCTCCTCATGGCTTCCAACCACCGACTG
TTGCAACAGAACCTGGCTAGGTGTTTTATGCGACACCGACACCCAAACA
TATCGCGTCAACAACCTCGACCTCTCCGGCCTTAACCTCCCAAAACCCT
ACCCTATCCCTTCCTCCCTCGCCAACCTCCCCTACCTCAATTTTCTATA
CATTGGTGGCATCAATAACCTCGTCGGTCCAATCCCCCCCGCCATCGCT
AAACTCACCCAACTCCACTATCTCTATATCACCCACACCAATGTCTCCG
GCGCAATACCCGATTTCTTGTCACAGATCAAAACCCTCGTCACCCTCGA
CTTCTCCTACAACGCCCTCTCCGGCACCCTACCTCCCTCCATCTCTTCT
CTCCCCAACCTCGTCGGAATCACATTCGACGGCAACCGAATCTCCGGCG
CCATCCCCGACTCCTACGGCTCATTTTCGAAGCTGTTCACGTCGATGAC
CATCTCCCGCAACCGCCTCACCGGGAAGATTCCGCCGACGTTTGCGAAT
CTGAACCTGGCGTTCGTTGACTTGTCTCGAAACATGCTGGAGGGTGACG
CGTCGGTGTTGTTCGGATCAGATAAGAACACGCAGAAGATACATCTGGC
GAAGAACTCTCTTGCCTTTGATTTGGGGAAAGTGGGGTTGTCAAAGAAC
TTGAACGGGTTGGATCTGAGGAACAACCGTATCTATGGGACGCTACCGC
AGGGACTGACGCAGCTAAAGTTTCTGCACAGTTTAAATGTGAGCTTCAA
CAATCTGTGCGGTGAGATTCCTCAAGGTGGGAACTTGCAAAGATTTGAC
GTTTCTGCTTATGCCAACAACAAGTGCTTGTGTGGTTCTCCTCTTCCTG CCTGCACT
CCCTGCTCCGTGACTGAGTACTCTGGCCTCGC
CACCGCTGTCTCATCCTGCAAAAACATCGTGCTCAACGGTTTCCAAGTC
CCGACAGGCAAGCAACTCGACCTATCCAGCCTCCAGAATGACTCGACCG
TTACCTTCAAGGGCACGACCACTTTTGCCACCACTGCTGATAACGACTT
TAATCCTATCGTCATTAGTGGAAGTAACATCACTATCACTGGTGCATCT
GGCCATGTCATTGATGGCAACGGTCAGGCGTACTGGGATGGCAAAGGTT
CTAACAGCAATAGCAACCAAAAGCCCGATCACTTCATCGTTGTTCAGAA
GACCACCGGCAACTCAAAGATCACAAACCTAAATATCCAGAACTGGCCC
GTTCACTGCTTCGACATTACAGGCAGCTCGCAATTGACCATCTCAGGGC
TTATTCTTGATAACAGAGCTGGCGACAAGCCTAACGCCAAGAGCGGTAG
CTTGCCCGCTGCGCATAACACCGACGGTTTCGACATCTCGTCCAGTGAC
CACGTTACGCTGGATAACAATCATGTTTATAACCAAGATGATTGTGTTG
CTGTTACTTCCGGTACAAACATCGTCGTTTCTAACATGTATTGCTCCGG
CGGCCATGGTCTTAGTATCGGATCTGTTGGTGGAAAGAGCGACAATGTC
GTTGATGGTGTTCAGTTCTTGAGCTCGCAGGTTGTGAACAGTCAGAATG
GATGTCGCATCAAGTCCAACTCTGGCGCAACTGGCACGATCAACAACGT
CACCTACCAGAACATTGCTCTCACCAACATCAGCACGTACGGTGTCGAT
GTTCAGCAGGACTATCTCAACGGCGGCCCTACTGGAAAGCCGACCAACG
GAGTCAAGATCAGCAACATCAAGTTCATCAAGGTCACTGGCACTGTGGC
TAGCTCTGCCCAGGATTGGTTTATTCTGTGTGGTGATGGTAGCTGCTCT
GGATTTACCTTCTCTGGAAACGCTATTACTGGTGGTGGCAAGACTAGCA
GCTGCAACTATCCTACCAACACTTGCCCCAGCTAG Legend: underlined: SEQUENCE
CODING FOR PGIP2 (corresponding to the region nt. 88-1026 of SEQ ID
NO: 3) italics: SEQUENCE CODING FOR FpPG bold: sequence coding for
the spacer composed of 3 alanines AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF OGM
EXPRESSED IN PICHIA (SEQ ID NO: 8) ORIGIN 1 ELCNPQDKQA LLQIKKDLGN
21 PTTLSSWLPT TDCCNRTWLG 41 VLCDTDTQTY RVNNLDLSGL 61 NLPKPYPIPS
SLANLPYLNF 81 LYIGGINNLV GPIPPAIAKL 101 TQLHYLYITH TNVSGAIPDF 121
LSQIKTLVTL DFSYNALSGT 141 LPPSISSLPN LVGITFDGNR 161 ISGAIPDSYG
SFSKLFTSMT 181 ISRNRLTGKI PPTFANLNLA 201 FVDLSRNMLE GDASVLFGSD 221
KNTQKIHLAK NSLAFDLGKV 241 GLSKNLNGLD LRNNRIYGTL 261 PQGLTQLKFL
HSLNVSFNNL 281 CGEIPQGGNL QRFDVSAYAN 301 NKCLCGSPLP ACTAAAPCSV 321
TEYSGLATAV SSCKNIVLNG 341 FQVPTGKQLD LSSLQNDSTV 361 TFKGTTTFAT
TADNDFNPIV 381 ISGSNITITG ASGHVIDGNG 401 QAYWDGKGSN SNSNQKPDHF 421
IVVQKTTGNS KITNLNIQNW 441 PVHCFDITGS SQLTISGLIL 461 DNRAGDKPNA
KSGSLPAAHN 481 TDGFDISSSD HVTLDNNHVY 501 NQDDCVAVTS GTNIVVSNMY 521
CSGGHGLSIG SVGGKSDNVV
541 DGVQFLSSQV VNSQNGCRIK 561 SNSGATGTIN NVTYQNIALT 581 NISTYGVDVQ
QDYLNGGPTG 601 KPTNGVKISN IKFIKVTGTV 621 ASSAQDWFIL CGDGSCSGFT 641
FSGNAITGGG KTSSCNYPTN 661 TCPS* Legend: underlined: PROTEIN
SEQUENCE OF PGIP2 (corresponding to the region aa. 30-342 of the
SEQ ID NO: 4) italics: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF FpPG bold: protein
sequence coding of the spacer composed of 3 alanines NUCLEOTIDE
SEQUENCE OF OGM FUSED TO PROMOTER PR-1 for the expression of the
chimeric protein after a pathogen attack (SEQ ID NO 9)
AAGCTTGTTTTAACTTATAAAATGATTCTCCCTCCATATAAAAAAGTTT
GATTTTATAGAATGTTTATACCGATTAAAAAAATAATAATGCTTAGTTA
TAAATTACTATTTATTCATGCTAAACTATTTCTCGTAACTATTAACCAA
TAGTAATTCATCAAATTTTAAAATTCTCAATTAATTGATTCTTGAAATT
CATAACCTTTTAATATTGATTGATAAAAATATACATAAACTCAATCTTT
TTAATACAAAAAAACTTTAAAAAATCAATTTTTCTGATTCGGAGGGAGT
ATATGTTATTGCTTAGAATCACAGATTCATATCAGGATTGGAAAATTTT
AAAGCCAGTGCATATCAGTAGTCAAAATTGGTAAATGATATACGAAGGC
GGTACAAAATTAGGTATACTGAAGATAGAAGAACACAAAAGTAGATCGG
TCACCTAGAGTTTTTCAATTTAAACTGCGTATTAGTGTTTGGAAAAAAA
AAACAAAGTGTATACAATGTCAATCGGTGATCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTCTTTTTGGATAAATCTCAATGGGTGATCTATTGACTGTT
TCTCTACGTCACTATTTTACTTACGTCATAGATGTGGCGGCATATATTC
TTCAGGACTTTTCAGCCATAGGCAAGAGTGATAGAGATACTCATATGCA
TGAAACACTAAGAAACAAATAATTCTTGACTTTTTTTCTTTTATTTGAA
AATTGACTGTAGATATAAACTTTTATTTTTTCTGACTGTAAATATAATC
TTAATTGCCAAACTGTCCGATACGATTTTTCTGTATTATTTACAGGAAG
ATATCTTCAAAACATTTTGAATGAAGTAATATATGAAATTCAAATTTGA
AATAGAAGACTTAAATTAGAATCATGAAGAAAAAAAAAACACAAAACAA
CTGAATGACATGAAACAACTATATACAATGTTTCTTAATAAACTTCATT
TAGGGTATACTTACATATATACTAAAAAAATATATCAACAATGGCAAAG
CTACCGATACGAAACAATATTAGGAAAAATGTGTGTAAGGACAAGATTG
ACAAAAAAATAGTTACGAAAACAACTTCTATTCATTTGGACAATTGCAA
TGAATATTACTAAAATACTCACACATGGACCATGTATTTACAAAAACGT
GAGATCTATAGTTAACAAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAATAGTTTTCAAATCT
CTATATAAGCGATGTTTACGAACCCCAAAATCATAACACAACAATAACC
ATTATCAACTTAGAAAAATGACTCAATTCAATATCCCAGTAACCATGTC
TTCAAGCTTAAGCATAATTTTGGTCATTCTTGTATCTTTGAGCACTGCA
CACTCAGAGCTATGCAACCCACAAGACAAGCAAGCCCTTCTCCAAATCA
AGAAAGACCTTGGCAACCCAACCACTCTCTCCTCATGGCTTCCAACCAC
CGACTGTTGCAACAGAACCTGGCTAGGTGTTTTATGCGACACCGACACC
CAAACATATCGCGTCAACAACCTCGACCTCTCCGGCCTTAACCTCCCAA
AACCCTACCCTATCCCTTCCTCCCTCGCCAACCTCCCCTACCTCAATTT
TCTATACATTGGTGGCATCAATAACCTCGTCGGTCCAATCCCCCCCGCC
ATCGCTAAACTCACCCAACTCCACTATCTCTATATCACCCACACCAATG
TCTCCGGCGCAATACCCGATTTCTTGTCACAGATCAAAACCCTCGTCAC
CCTCGACTTCTCCTACAACGCCCTCTCCGGCACCCTACCTCCCTCCATC
TCTTCTCTCCCCAACCTCGTCGGAATCACATTCGACGGCAACCGAATCT
CCGGCGCCATCCCCGACTCCTACGGCTCATTTTCGAAGCTGTTCACGTC
GATGACCATCTCCCGCAACCGCCTCACCGGGAAGATTCCGCCGACGTTT
GCGAATCTGAACCTGGCGTTCGTTGACTTGTCTCGAAACATGCTGGAGG
GTGACGCGTCGGTGTTGTTCGGATCAGATAAGAACACGCAGAAGATACA
TCTGGCGAAGAACTCTCTTGCCTTTGATTTGGGGAAAGTGGGGTTGTCA
AAGAACTTGAACGGGTTGGATCTGAGGAACAACCGTATCTATGGGACGC
TACCGCAGGGACTGACGCAGCTAAAGTTTCTGCACAGTTTAAATGTGAG
CTTCAACAATCTGTGCGGTGAGATTCCTCAAGGTGGGAACTTGCAAAGA
TTTGACGTTTCTGCTTATGCCAACAACAAGTGCTTGTGTGGTTCTCCTC TTCCTGCCTGCACT
CCCTGCTCCGTGACTGAGTACTCTG
GCCTCGCCACCGCTGTCTCATCCTGCAAAAACATCGTGCTCAACGGTTT
CCAAGTCCCGACAGGCAAGCAACTCGACCTATCCAGCCTCCAGAATGAC
TCGACCGTTACCTTCAAGGGCACGACCACTTTTGCCACCACTGCTGATA
ACGACTTTAATCCTATCGTCATTAGTGGAAGTAACATCACTATCACTGG
TGCATCTGGCCATGTCATTGATGGCAACGGTCAGGCGTACTGGGATGGC
AAAGGTTCTAACAGCAATAGCAACCAAAAGCCCGATCACTTCATCGTTG
TTCAGAAGACCACCGGCAACTCAAAGATCACAAACCTAAATATCCAGAA
CTGGCCCGTTCACTGCTTCGACATTACAGGCAGCTCGCAATTGACCATC
TCAGGGCTTATTCTTGATAACAGAGCTGGCGACAAGCCTAACGCCAAGA
GCGGTAGCTTGCCCGCTGCGCATAACACCGACGGTTTCGACATCTCGTC
CAGTGACCACGTTACGCTGGATAACAATCATGTTTATAACCAAGATGAT
TGTGTTGCTGTTACTTCCGGTACAAACATCGTCGTTTCTAACATGTATT
GCTCCGGCGGCCATGGTCTTAGTATCGGATCTGTTGGTGGAAAGAGCGA
CAATGTCGTTGATGGTGTTCAGTTCTTGAGCTCGCAGGTTGTGAACAGT
CAGAATGGATGTCGCATCAAGTCCAACTCTGGCGCAACTGGCACGATCA
ACAACGTCACCTACCAGAACATTGCTCTCACCAACATCAGCACGTACGG
TGTCGATGTTCAGCAGGACTATCTCAACGGCGGCCCTACTGGAAAGCCG
ACCAACGGAGTCAAGATCAGCAACATCAAGTTCATCAAGGTCACTGGCA
CTGTGGCTAGCTCTGCCCAGGATTGGTTTATTCTGTGTGGTGATGGTAG
CTGCTCTGGATTTACCTTCTCTGGAAACGCTATTACTGGTGGTGGCAAG
ACTAGCAGCTGCAACTATCCTACCAACACTTGCCCCAGCTAG Legend: underlined:
SEQUENCE OF THE PROMOTER PR-1 italics: SEQUENCE CODING FOR THE OGM
bold: SEQUENCE CODING FOR THE LINKER OF 3 ALANINES
The present invention will be illustrated with non-limiting
examples in reference to the following figures.
FIGS. 1A-1G (collectively referred to as FIG. 1). Characterisation
of the transgenic plants expressing OGM inducible by chemical
treatment. (A) Schematic representation of two OGM molecules that
interact. PvPGIP2 and FpPG are linked by three alanines and
correspond to the N and C terminals of the fusion protein,
respectively. (B) Four-week-old plants of a representative
transgenic line which express the OGM after one week of induction
with .beta.-estradiol. (C) The total protein extracts from the
leaves of the rosette (3 .mu.ng) of 4-week-old plants of a
representative transgenic line which express the OGM after
induction with .beta.-estradiol at the times indicated were
separated by SDS-PAGE and analysed by means of an immunodecoration
assay using the antibody directed against FpPG as the primary one.
The purified OGM (+, 80 kDa) and FpPG (PG, 37 kDa) were used as
reference proteins. (D) Determination of polygalacturone activity
in the protein extracts (3 .mu.g) obtained from leaves of
transgenic plants treated, for the times indicated, with DMSO (-)
or .beta.-estradiol (+) by means of an agar diffusion assay. (E)
Visualisation of callose deposits in the leaves of the rosette of
the transgenic plants treated with DMSO (non-induced) or
.beta.-estradiol for 170 h by staining with aniline blue. (F) The
expression of the genes WRKY40 and RetOx was determined in the
transgenic plants treated with .beta.-estradiol for the times
indicated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, using the expression of the
gene UBQ5 as reference. (G) Wild plants (WT) and transgenic plants
were treated for 170 h with .beta.-estradiol and subsequently
inoculated with a suspension of spores of B. cinerea. After two
days, the area of the lesion generated by the fungus was measured.
The bars indicate the mean lesion area produced by the fungus
(n>10). The asterisk indicates a statistically significant
difference, in accordance with the Student t-test (P<0.05). This
experiment was repeated three times with comparable results.
FIGS. 2A-2F (collectively referred to as FIG. 2). Inducible release
of oligogalacturonides from plants expressing the OGM. (A-E)
HPAEC-PAD analysis on pectin-enriched fractions of cell walls
extracted from plants belonging to a representative transgenic line
expressing the OGM under the control of a
.beta.-estradiol-inducible promoter. Four-week-old plants were
treated with the inducer for 0 (A), 24 (B), 70 (C) and 170 hours
(D) prior to extraction. A preparation of OGs purified with a
degree of polymerisation (DP) of between 6 and 16 was used as a
reference (E). The chromatograms show the signal intensity (nC, y
axis) as a function of the retention time (minutes, X axis). (F)
MALDI-TOF analysis of the same pectin fraction indicated in (D).
The numbers indicate the DP of the oligogalacturonides identified
as sodium adducts of the same mass as the corresponding peak. The
graph shows the intensity of the signals (expressed as a
percentage, Y axis) as a function of the mass of the ion (m/z, X
axis).
FIGS. 3A-3F (collectively referred to as FIG. 3).
Pathogen-inducible expression of the OGM imparts an increased
resistance to microbial infections. (A) Four-week-old plants
belonging to two independent lines expressing the OGM under the
control of the pathogen-inducible promoter which regulates the
expression of PR1 (P.sub.PR1::OGM 1 and 2) were inoculated with a
suspension of spores of B. cinerea and the levels of expression of
the transgene were quantified before (grey bars) and two days after
infection (black bars) by quantitative PCR, using the expression of
the gene UBQ5 as reference. The bars indicate the mean level of
expression (in arbitrary units).+-.SD (n=3). (B) The accumulation
of the OGM in leaves of wild type plants (WT) and transgenic plants
before (-) and two days after inoculation with B. cinerea (+). The
total protein extract (30 .mu.g) was separated by SDS-PAGE and
subjected to an immunodecoration assay, using a primary antibody
directed against FpPG (C-D) The leaves of the rosette of wild type
plants (WT), P.sub.PR1::OGM line 1 and line 2 were inoculated with
B. cinerea and--after 72 h--a determination was made both of the
percentage of infections that took hold, measured as a percentage
of inocula that developed grey rot lesions (C) and the mean area of
the lesions (D). The bars indicate (C) the mean of three
independent experiments (n>12 in each experiment); the bars in
(D) indicate the mean area.+-.SE (n>12). (E) The leaves of the
rosette of wild type plants (WT), P.sub.PR1::OGM line 1 and line 2
were inoculated with P. carototovorum and the area of the lesions
was measured after 16 hours. The bars indicate the mean area of the
lesions.+-.SE (n>12). (f) The leaves of the rosette of
untransformed plants (WT), P.sub.PR1::OGM line 1 and line 2 were
inoculated with P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 and the bacterial
growth within the inoculated tissue was determined at the times
indicated. The bars indicate the colony-forming units (cfu) per
cm.sup.2 of leaf tissue (n=6). The asterisks in (D-F) indicate the
statistically significant differences between the control plant and
the transgenic plants, in accordance with Fischer's exact test (C)
or the Student t-test (D-F). *, P<0.05; ***, P<0.01. The
experiments in (D-F) were repeated three times with comparable
results.
The transgenic plants belonging to both lines were significantly
more resistant to infection, showing a 75% reduction in the
bacterial load detected in the tissues compared to that observed in
wild type plants (WT).
FIGS. 4A-4C (collectively referred to as FIG. 4). Biochemical
characterisation of the OGM expressed in P. pastoris. (A) SDS-PAGE
analysis (7.5% acrylamide) on the purified fusion protein (OGM) and
the one subjected to crosslinking (OGM-cl), where it is possible to
detect the formation of multimers ranging from the dimer to the
tetramer and the disappearance of the monomer. (B) Top panel,
evaluation by agar diffusion assay of the polygalacturone activity
carried out by 220 ng of purified OGM and by 1 ng of purified FpPG;
bottom panel, immunodecoration analysis of the same protein samples
using an antibody directed against the FpPG The expected molecular
weights of the OGM (80 kDa) and FpPG (35 kDa) are shown. In the
culture filtrate of the untransformed (mock) P. pastoris neither
the activity nor the presence of the protein were detected. (C) The
fractions eluted by affinity chromatography AnPGII were subjected
to SDS-PAGE analysis (10% acrylamide) and visualised by Ag
staining. The OGM (80 KDa) was eluted in the fractions. Ft
represents the fraction containing the proteins not bound to the
column.
FIG. 5. The OGs released by plants expressing the OGM are
hydrolysed by polygalacturonase. A fraction of the cell wall of
leaves of the rosette enriched in pectin was extracted from the
transgenic plant expressing the OGM under the control of the
.beta.-estradiol-inducible promoter 170 hours after the time of
induction. The pectic fractions were analysed by HPAEC-PAD before
(-) and after treatment with 5 .mu.g of pure FpPG (+). The
chromatogram shows the intensity of the signals (nC, Y axis) as a
function of the retention times (minutes, X axis).
EXAMPLE
Materials and Methods
Strains
E. coli DH5.alpha. [genotype: F-.phi.80lacZ.DELTA.M15
.DELTA.(lacZYA-argF)U169 deoR recA1 endA1 hsdR17(rk, mk+) phoA
supE44 thi-1 gyrA96 relA1 .lamda.-(Invitrogen)
A. tumefaciens LBA4404 (INVITROGEN, catalogue number:
18313-015)
P. pastoris X33 (wild type) (Invitrogen)
A. thaliana Col-0 (wild type) (purchased from Lehle Seeds)
Construction of the Gene Cassette for the Expression of the
Chimeric Fusion Protein PG-PGIP (OGM) in P. pastoris (Corresponding
to the Amino Acid Sequence of the OGM Expressed in Pichia (SEQ ID
NO:8))
For the expression of the fusion protein in P. pastoris, the 5' end
of the gene coding for PvPGIP2 was fused to the sequence coding for
the alpha factor of yeast present in the integrative vector pGAPZ
alpha which enables the constitutive expression of the transgene;
the construct pGAPZ.alpha.-PGIP2 was thus obtained. The gene coding
for the mature protein PvPGIP2 was amplified by means of specific
primers (EcoRIPGIP2Fw (SEQ ID NO: 10) and NotIPGIP2Rv (SEQ ID NO:
11)) which introduced the "EcoRI" and "NotI" restriction sites at
the 5' and 3' ends, respectively; the gene was then cloned at the
multiple cloning site of the vector by exploiting the aforesaid
restriction sites. In parallel, "NotI" and "XbaI" restriction sites
were introduced at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, of the
sequence coding for FpPG using specific primers (NotIFpPGFw (SEQ ID
NO: 12) and XbaIFpPGRv (SEQ ID NO: 13)) via PCR. The primer which
readapted the SI end of the FpPG gene by inserting the restriction
site NotI maintained the correct reading frame between the PvPGIP2
and FpPG and introduced 9 further nucleotide bases, which would
code the peptide linker composed of 3 alanines. The fragment coding
for FpPG was thus cloned in the multiple cloning site using the
"NotI" and "XbaI" restriction sites. The gene fusion (called
OG-machine; abbreviated as OGM) was sequenced to exclude the
presence of undesirable mutations. The recombinant plasmid was
linearised by means of the AvrII restriction enzyme, necessary for
site-specific recombination in P. pastoris. The transformation,
selection and growth of Pichia took place according to the
instructions given in the Invitrogen manual. The filtrates of
cultures grown for 3 days were tested both by means of an agar
diffusion assay and an immunodecoration assay. The OGM was purified
using the same procedure as used to purify PvPGIP2 from a culture
filtrate of P. pastoris as described in (29).
Primers used for the construction of gene cassettes coding the OGM
for expression in P. pastoris and .beta.-estradiol-inducible
expression in A. thaliana:
TABLE-US-00007 EcoRIPGIP2Fw: (SEQ ID NO: 10) 5'
ATCGATGAATTCGAGCTATGCAACCCACA 3' NotIPGIP2Rv: (SEQ ID NO: 11)
5'-TCTTCTAAGTGCGGCCGCAGTGCAGGCAGGAAGAG-3' NotIFpPGFw: (SEQ ID NO:
12) 5'-TCAACACTATGCGGCCGCACCCTGCTCCGTGACTGAG-3' XbaIFpPGRv: (SEQ ID
NO: 13) 5'-ATCGATTCTAGACTAGCTGGGGCAAGTGTTG-3' AvrIISP1Fw: (SEQ ID
NO: 14) 5'-ACTAAGCCTAGGACTATCTAGAATGACTCAATTCAATATCCCAG-3'
EheIPGIP2Rv: (SEQ ID NO: 15) 5'-GGGGATGGCGCCGGAG-3' XhoISP1Fw: (SEQ
ID NO: 16) 5'-ACTAAGCTCGAGATGACTCAATTCAATATCCCAG-3' PacIFpPGRv:
(SEQ ID NO: 17) 5'-CCTAAGTTAATTAACTAGCTGGGGCAAGTGTTG-3'
The underlined sequences indicate the restriction sites
introduced.
Molecular Crosslinking Experiment Conducted on the OGM
1 .mu.g of pure OGM was subjected to auto-crosslinking in a volume
of 50 .mu.L of a solution containing 50 mM sodium acetate pH 4.6,
to which methanol-free formaldehyde was added at the final
concentration of 1% (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, U.S.A). The reaction
was incubated at a temperature of 28.degree. C. for 16 hours. 2
.mu.L of the reaction was analysed via SDS-PAGE.
Preparation of the Construct for .beta.-Estradiol-Inducible
Expression in A. thaliana
The cDNA coding for the signal peptide of PvPGIP2 (SP), available
already fused to PvPGIP2 (27), was amplified up to the EheI
restriction site located in the sequence of PvPGIP2 a+550 pairs of
bases from the first ATG using the primers called AvrIISP1Fw and
EheIPGIP2Rv (SEQ ID NO:14 and SEQ ID NO: 15, respectively). The
amplified fragment was cloned in the construct used for expression
in P. pastoris using the restriction sites of the AvrII and EheI
enzymes. The new construct obtained, which consisted in a fusion
between the cDNA coding for the OGM and the sequence coding for the
signal peptide for the secretion of PvPGIP2 into the apoplast was
thus introduced by means of electroporation in E. coli DH5.alpha.
for amplification of the plasmid.
The cDNA coding for the fusion protein fused to the signal peptide
for the secretion of PvPGIP2 was amplified by PCR using the
specific XhoISP1Fw and PacIFpPGRv primers (SEQ ID NO:16 and SEQ ID
NO: 17, respectively) which introduced the XhoI and PacI
restriction sites at the 5.sup.I and 3.sup.I ends of the transgene,
respectively. The gene readapted to the ends was then cloned in the
vector pMDC7 for .beta.-estradiol-inducible expression in plants
(31) using the same restriction sites.
The final construct pMDC7.SP-OGM was amplified in E. coli
DH5.alpha., and then plasmid extraction took place; the purified
plasmid was introduced in A. tumefaciens LBA4404 by
electroporation.
Stable Transformation of A. thaliana
The transgenic plants of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 were
generated by infection of the flower primordia mediated by A.
tumefaciens according to the procedure described in (41). Following
the transformation, the transgenic lines were selected in
generation T1 by seeding on a plate containing MS solid medium and
hygromycin (23 mg L-1) as a positive selection marker. The
transgenic lines of the hygromycin-resistant T2 generation were
selected for subsequent analyses; in particular, the lines of the
T2 generation that showed a segregation of the transgene in a 3:1
ratio were isolated for selection of the transforming homozygote in
the T3 generation.
Induction of Expression in the Transgenic Lines of the T3
Generation Using .beta.-Estradiol
XVE is a transcriptional chimeric factor constitutionally expressed
in the nucleus of the plant cell transformed with the T-DNA
deriving from the vector pMDC7. XVE is capable of transcribing the
transgene regulated by the inducible promoter OlexA-46 only in the
presence of .beta.-estradiol (31). The induction of expression was
achieved by spraying 1.5 mL of a solution containing 50 .mu.M
.beta.-estradiol per transgenic plant.
Analysis of Gene Expression by Semiquantitative RT-PCR
The removed leaf tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen,
homogenised by means of an MM301 Ball Mill (Retsch), and the total
RNA was extracted using Isol-RNA Lysis Reagent (5 Prime), following
the instructions provided in the manufacturer's manual. The RNA was
treated with RQ1 DNase (PROMEGA) and the first strand of the cDNA
was synthesized using the reverse transcript ImProm-II (PROMEGA),
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The expression
levels of each gene relative to the expression of the gene UBQ5
were determined using a modification of the Pfaffl method (42) as
previously described in (43). The (RT)-PCR reaction was conducted
in a 50-.mu.L reaction mixture containing 2 .mu.L of cDNA, 1.times.
buffer (RBCBioscience), 3 mm MgCl2, 100 .mu.m of each dNTP, 0.5
.mu.m of each primer (primers EcoRIPGIP2Fw (SEQ ID NO:10) and
EheIPGIP2Rv (SEQ ID NO:15)) and 1 unit of Taq polymerase. 25, 30,
and 35 amplification cycles were carried out by PCR for every pair
of primers in order to verify the linearity of the amplification
reaction. The PCR products were separated by agarose gel
electrophoresis and visualised by means of ethidium bromide.
Immunodecoration Assay
The extraction of total proteins from leaf tissue was carried out
using a buffer consisting of 20 mM sodium acetate pH 4.6 and 1M
NaCl, in which the leaves previously homogenised by means of an
MM301 Ball Mill (Retsch) were incubated for 20 minutes. The same
quantities of total proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE analysis
and then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane using, as the
transfer buffer, a solution containing 25 Mm TRIS, 192 mM glycine,
pH 8.3, and 20% methanol at the temperature of 4.degree. C. for 1
h. Following the transfer, the filter was stained with Ponceau S in
order to verify equal loading for all samples; then the filter was
saturated by incubating it for 2 h in a solution consisting of 50
mM phosphate buffer, 150 mM NaCl and 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA,
SIGMA ALDRICH); subsequently, the filter was incubated for 12 h
with a primary antibody directed toward the FpPG (40). After
suitable washing, the membrane was incubated with a secondary
antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham, UK) for
approximately 2 h. The membrane was washed again and treated with
ECL reagents (Amersham, UK) in order to promote the detection of
the transgenic protein.
Determination of Callose Deposition
Leaves of 5-week-old plants were sprayed with a solution containing
50 .mu.M .beta.-estradiol. After 170 h, about 4 leaves were
collected from 3 independents plants and dehydrated in a solution
consisting of 100% ethanol for about 2 hours. The leaves were then
incubated for 15 minutes in 75% ethanol and, finally, in 50%
ethanol. Following this pretreatment the leaves were washed in 150
mM phosphate buffer pH 8.0 and then stained for 1 h at 25.degree.
C. in 150 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 0.01% (w/v)
aniline blue. After staining, the leaves were incubated in 50%
glycerol and examined by epifluorescence UV using an Axioskop 2
plus microscope (Zeiss). Pictures were taken with a ProgRes C10 3.3
Megapixel colour digital camera (Jenoptik).
Infection Assays
Botrytis cinerea was propagated in a solid medium consisting of 20
g l-1 malt extract, 10 g l-1 peptone (Difco, Detroit, USA), and 15
g l-1 agar for 7-10 days at +24.degree. C. with a photoperiod of 12
h prior to collection of the spores. The rosette leaves of
Arabidopsis plants were placed on Petri plates containing 0.8%
agar, with the petiole inserted into the solid medium to act as a
support. Inoculation was carried out by placing on each side of the
central vein of each leaf 5 microliters of a solution consisting of
PDB liquid medium (PDB; Difco, Detroit, USA) containing a
suspension of 5.times.105 conidiospores mL-1. The plates were
incubated at 22.degree. C. under constant light for 2 days. A high
level of humidity was maintained by covering the plates with
transparent film. Under the experimental conditions, the majority
of the infections produced a rapid expansion of rot lesions of
comparable diameter. The size of the lesion was determined by
measuring the diameter or, in the case of oval lesions, the major
axis of the necrotic area.
P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (formerly E. carotovora subsp.
carotovora) was obtained from DSMZ GmbH Germany (strain DSMZ
30169). Following growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium, the
bacteria were suspended in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH
7.0) and inoculated at a concentration of 5.times.10.sup.7 cells
mL-1. In each experiment, 12 mature leaves were collected (3 leaves
per plant) and placed on damp filter paper in Petri capsules; they
were then inoculated with 5 microliters of the bacterial suspension
and maintained at 22.degree. C. and with a photoperiod of 12 hours.
The area of the lesions was obtained by measuring the surface of
the macerated tissue 16 hours after infection. The areas were
measured with ImageJ software (WS Rasband, ImageJ; National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA). The experiment was
repeated three times with different lots of plants, and a
statistical analysis of the results was conducted by unidirectional
analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Student-Tukey range
test.
Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci DC3000 was propagated in LB liquid
medium at 28.degree. C. for 1 day; the bacterial suspension was
resuspended in 10 mM MgCl.sub.2 (1.times.10.sup.6 cell/ml). The
inoculations were carried out by infiltrating the bacterial
suspension using a 1 ml needleless syringe.
Isolation and Detection of Oligogalacturonides in the Transgenic
Plants
Leaves (approximately 100 mg per sample) belonging to transgenic
and wild type plants about 4 weeks old were frozen in liquid
nitrogen following induction with beta-estradiol and homogenised
using a Retschmill machine (model MM200; Retsch) at 25 Hz for 1
min. The pulverised tissue was washed twice using 1 mL of a
solution consisting of 70% ethanol and precipitated by
centrifugation at 20,000.times.g for 10 min. The precipitate was
then washed twice with a chloroform:methanol mixture (1:1, v/v) and
centrifuged at 20000.times.g for 10 minutes. After centrifugation,
the precipitate was suspended twice with acetone and again
precipitated by centrifugation at 20000.times.g for 10 min. The
pellet obtained was incubated overnight under the air flow of a
chemical fume hood in order to favour evaporation of the solvent,
and then resuspended using 200 .mu.L of Ch buffer (composition of
the Ch buffer: 50 mM ammonium acetate pH 5, 50 mM CDTA and 50 mM
ammonium oxalate) for two hours under stirring at room temperature.
The supernatant was recovered after centrifugation at 20000.times.g
for 10 minutes.
Analysis by High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC)
Coupled to a Pulsed Amperometric Detector (PAD)
Analysis of the oligogalacturonides was carried out by HPAEC-PAD.
The HPAEC system (ICS-3000, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, Calif.,
USA) was equipped with a CarboPac PA-200 separation column (2 mm
ID.times.250 mm; Dionex Corporation) and a Carbopac PA-200 guard
column (2 mm ID.times.50 mm; Dionex Corporation). A flow of 0.4 mL
min-1 was used at a constant temperature of 25.degree. C. The
samples, with an injection volume of 25 .mu.L, were separated using
a gradient consisting of 0.05 M KOH (A) and 1 M KOAc in 0.05 M KOH
(B) according to the following elution program: 0-30 min from 20% B
to 80% B, 30-32 min to 100% B. Prior to the injection of each
sample, the column was balanced with 90% A and 10% B for 10
min.
Treatment of Pectin-Enriched Fractions by Means of Exogenous PG
The pectin-enriched fraction extracted from 20 mg of leaf tissue
was treated with 5 .mu.g of pure FpPG for 1 hour at a temperature
of 37.degree. C. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was subjected
to HPAEC-PAD analysis.
Preparation of the Construct for the Expression of the OGM Under
the Control of the Inducible Promoter PR-1 in A. thaliana
The primers for preparing the construct for the pathogen-inducible
expression of the OGM under the control of the promoter that
regulates the expression of the gene PR-1 (AT2G14610, Accession No.
UNIPROT Q39187) in A. thaliana are the following (the underlined
sequence indicates the restriction site introduced):
TABLE-US-00008 XbaISP1Fw: A: (SEQ ID NO: 18)
5'-GACTATCTAGAATGACTCAATTCAATATCCC-3'; HindIIIPR1Fw: B: (SEQ ID NO:
19) 5'-GTTAGCA CAAGCTTGTT TTAAC-3'; XbaIPacIFpPGRv: C: (SEQ ID NO:
20) 5'-CCTAAGTCTAGAGGTCTTAATTAACTAGCTGGGG-3'; HindIIIPGIP2Rv D:
(SEQ ID NO: 21) 5'-TGCTTAAGCTTGAAGACATGGTTACTGGGATATTGAATTGAGTCA
TTTTTCTAAGTTGATAATGG-3'.
As the starting plasmid, the cloning procedure used the vector
pBI121 (Chen P Y, Wang C K, Soong S C, To K Y: Complete sequence of
the binary vector pBI121 and its application in cloning T-DNA
insertion from transgenic plants. Mol Breeding 2003 11(4):
287-293), in which the PacI restriction site was introduced
upstream (-6) of the SacI restriction site, located at the 3' end
of the gene coding for beta-glucuronidase. The gene coding for
beta-glucuronidase was then excised via the restriction sites XbaI
and PacI. Subsequently, the OGM fused to the signal peptide of
PGIP2 was amplified via the primers XbaISP1Fw (SEQ ID NO: 18) and
XbaIPacIFpPGRv (SEQ ID NO: 20) which introduced XbaI and PacI at
the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, of the transgene and cloned in
the vector pBI121 from which the gene coding for beta-glucuronidase
were previously removed. As a second step, the terminal portion of
the promoter which regulates the expression of the gene PR-1 (1300
base pairs of AT2G14610), including the 5' UTR sequence was
amplified from the gDNA of A. thaliana Col-0 using specific primers
(HindIIIPR1Fw (SEQ ID NO: 19) and D (SEQ ID NO: 21)) which
introduce the restriction sites HindIII at both ends of the
amplified product. As a result, the primer of the antisense strand
HindIIIPGIP2Rv readapted the 3' end of the amplicon, introducing a
nucleotide tail consisting of the first 39 bases coding for the
signal peptide of PGIP2, which is characterised by the HindIII
restriction site in its native sequence. The final product obtained
was a transcriptional fusion between the last 1300 pairs of bases
of the promoter PR-1, the 5' UTR region of the gene PR-1 and the
sequence of the signal peptide of PvPGIP2 coding for the first 13
amino acids downstream of the first methionine. The fragment was
cloned using the restriction site HindIII of the plasmid pBI121
(containing the gene OGM), previously digested with HindIII and
dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase. It is worth noting that
the digestion of pBI121 via the enzyme HindIII provokes the
excision of a DNA fragment of 900 pairs of bases corresponding to
the promoter 35S. The cassette was sequenced both to exclude the
presence of undesirable mutations and to verify the correct
orientation of the truncated version of the promoter PR-1.
Results
In order to exploit the potentialities of OGs as generic plant
elicitors during defence responses, we engineered a chimeric fusion
protein comprising PvPGIP2 (Uniprot Accession Number: P58822.1; SEQ
ID NO:4), an inhibitor originating from the common pea (Phaseolus
vulgaris) (27,28), and a PG ligand (FpPG) thereof, originating from
the fungus Fusarium phyllophilum (SEQ ID NO:2; corresponding to
aa.26-aa.373 of the Uniprot sequence Accession Number:
Q07181.1)(29). In this manner, the enzyme and its inhibitor will be
simultaneously expressed in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, which
results in an increase, in vivo, in the production of biologically
active OGs. In Pichia pastoris and Arabidopsis thaliana, fusion
proteins were expressed with linkers consisting of the module
Gly4Ser1 repeated from seven to nine times; their dimensions can
permit an intramolecular interaction between enzyme and inhibitor.
In both organisms these proteins were subjected to proteolytic
cleavage and this caused the release of active FpPG; the high
residual polygalacturone activity caused severe growth defects in
Arabidopsis. This effect was consistent with the one that had
previously been observed in transgenic plants which expressed the
PG of Aspergillus niger; such plants were not able to grow as a
consequence of the high enzymatic activity present in the tissues
(30). Subsequently, a fusion protein with a linker of only three
alanine residues was generated; it was short enough not to permit
intramolecular interactions, but capable of promoting
intermolecular interactions between enzymes and inhibitors
belonging to different chimeric molecules (FIG. 1a). When expressed
in P. pastoris, the fusion protein was recovered as an intact
polypeptide of the expected size, indicating a resistance to
proteolysis (FIG. 4a). The protein was purified by affinity
chromatography using the PGII of A. niger conjugated to a sepharose
matrix, which was capable of binding the PGIP domain of the fusion
protein (FIG. 5b, bottom panel). The enzymatic activity of the
fusion protein was about 220 times lower than the FpPG (FIG. 4b,
top panel). This suggested that the enzymatic activity had
decreased markedly in the fusion protein due to the intramolecular
interactions between the PG domain of one polypeptide and the PGIP
domain of the other (FIG. 1a). Molecular crosslinking experiments
confirmed this hypothesis and further revealed the ability of the
chimera to bring about chain intermolecular interactions ranging
from the dimer (.about.160 KDa) to the tetramer (320 KDa) (FIG.
4a), which were not observed when the FpPG or PvPGIP2 underwent
crosslinking in the absence of the interaction partner (29). The
construct PvPGIP2-FpPG was fused to the signal peptide of the bean
PvPGIP2 to enable correct secretion in the cell wall (30) and it
was later placed under the control of a .beta.-estradiol-inducible
promoter for stable expression in Arabidopsis (31). The presence of
the protein in the leaves of the rosette was observed in the
transgenic plants after 14 h of treatment with .beta.-estradiol and
it reached its maximum accumulation at 170 h after treatment (FIG.
1b). The accumulation was associated with the appearance of slight
PG activity, which, as already previously demonstrated, is detected
following the formation of the PG-PGIP molecular complex (4,6)
(FIG. 1b). Adult transgenic plants did not show any obvious
morphological defects when grown under normal conditions. However,
following treatment with the inducer, the leaves of the transgenic
plants showed discoloration and chlorosis starting from 170 h after
the treatment (FIG. 1d). Treating the transgenic plants with an
inducer also activated the defence responses typically induced
following exogenous treatment with OGs, such as the expression of
the marker genes for defence responses (RetOx and WRKY40; FIG. 1e)
and the accumulation of callose (FIG. 10. Taken as a whole, these
results suggested that an accumulation of OGs might take place in
.beta.-estradiol-inducible transgenic plants that can be capable of
activating defence responses similar to the ones induced as a
result of an exogenous OG treatment. Because of this effect, the
fusion protein was called "OG machine" (OGM). In order to verify
whether the OGM actually caused the accumulation of OGs in the
plant, pectin-enriched fractions were extracted from the leaves of
the transgenic plants at 0, 24, 70 and 170 h following treatment
with .beta.-estradiol. The fractions were then analysed by
high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with a
pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD), which revealed the
presence of molecules with retention times comparable to those
characterizing a mixture of OGs with a degree of polymerization
comprised between 5 and 17; the concentration of these molecules
increased with increases in the induction times (FIG. 2a-d).
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry also confirmed that these molecules
were characterized by molecular masses corresponding to those of
oligomers of unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid with a degree of
polymerization of between 6 and 13 (FIG. 2f). Treatment of the
fractions with a fully active PG of A. niger caused the molecules
to disappear, confirming their OG nature (FIG. 5).
Subsequently, we placed the transgene coding for the OGMs under the
control of the terminal portion (1300 bps) of the promoter which
regulates the expression of the gene PR-1 of Arabidopsis (PPR-1),
strongly induced by bacterial and fungal infections (32-35). The
construct (PPR1::OGM) was introduced in Arabidopsis and two
independent transgenic lines were selected for a more thorough
characterization. Neither transgenic plant showed any evident
morphological difference compared to the wild plant Col-0 despite
having, in the absence of the pathogen, a basal expression of the
transgene that was greater in line 2 than in line 1. After
inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, a significant increase
(approximately 3-fold) was observed in the transcript coding for
the OGM in both lines (FIG. 3a). The immunodecoration analysis
confirmed the presence of a basal level of OGM in the uninfected
plants, as well as the accumulation of the protein during infection
with B. cinerea (FIG. 3b). Subsequently, we compared the
susceptibility of the transgenic plants expressing the OGM and of
the wild type plant Col-0 to some pathogenic microorganisms. The
inocula of B. cinerea in the transgenic plants produced a reduced
number of infections, whose success was indicated by the typical
grey rot lesion (FIG. 3c). Moreover, the average area of the
lesions in the plants of line 2 was significantly smaller than the
one produced in wild type plants. The lesions produced in line 1
were likewise smaller than those of wild type plants, but this
difference was not wholly significant (FIG. 3d). The transgenic
plants also showed a marked resistance against the infections
produced by Pectobacterium carotovorum (FIG. 3e) and Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tomato DC3000. (FIG. 30. In conclusion, the expression
of the OGM under the control of a pathogen-inducible promoter seems
to promote a non-specific resistance towards both fungal and
bacterial pathogens, in which the release of OGs acts as a generic
elicitor of defence responses. The OGM is characterised by a low
residual enzymatic activity, which was optimal for regulating a
controlled release of OGs in vivo and a controlled release of OGs
in plants can in turn activate a wide range of defence responses,
imparting resistance against pathogenic microorganisms to the
plants.
Our research was mainly aimed at investigating the possible
biotechnological applications of the OGM. The expression of the OGM
under the control of a pathogen-inducible promoter enabled a rapid
activation of defences which protected the transgenic plants
against three major pathogens of agronomic interest. The present
strategy of employing the OGM for the constitution of transgenic
plants can be generally effective towards a broad range of
pathogens and can represent a technology for protecting farm
crops.
The controlled expression of the OGM following induction can be
useful not only for engineering resistance, but also for studying
the effects of OGs under physiological conditions. OGs activate
defence responses on the one hand, and on the other hand they
influence plant development and growth, acting like local auxin
antagonists (36-40). The role of OGs as regulators of growth and
development is mainly based on experiments that use exogenous OG
treatments. To what degree OGs accumulate in intact tissues and in
the absence of a pathogen and how they act as endogenous regulators
of plant growth and development can now be investigated.
REFERENCES
1. Newman, M. A., Sundelin, T., Nielsen, J. T. & Erbs, G. MAMP
(microbe-associated molecular pattern) triggered immunity in
plants. Front Plant Sci. 4, 139 (2013). 2. Hahn, M. G., Darvill, A.
G. & Albersheim, P. Host-pathogen interactions. XIX. The
endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide
that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans. Plant Physiol.
68, 1161-1169 (1981). 3. Ferrari, S., Savatin, D. V., Sicilia, F.,
Gramegna, G, Cervone, F. & De Lorenzo, G. Oligogalacturonides:
plant damage-associated molecular patterns and regulators of growth
and development Frontiers in Plant Science 4, 1-16 (2013). 4.
Cervone, F., Hahn, M. G., De Lorenzo, G, Darvill, A. &
Albersheim, P. Host-pathogen interactions. XXXIII. A plant protein
converts a fungal pathogenesis factor into an elicitor of plant
defense responses. Plant Physiol. 90, 542-548 (1989). 5. Nothnagel,
E. A., McNeil, M., Albersheim, P. & Dell, A. Host-pathogen
interactions. XXII. A galacturonic acid oligosaccharide from plant
cell walls elicits phytoalexins. Plant Physiol. 71, 916-926 (1983).
6. Cervone, F., De Lorenzo, G., Degra, L., Salvi, G. & Bergami,
M. Purification and characterization of a
polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Plant Physiol. 85, 631-637 (1987). 7. Ferrari, S., Vairo, D.,
Ausubel, F. M., Cervone, F. & De Lorenzo, G. Tandemly
duplicated Arabidopsis genes that encode
polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins are regulated coordinately by
different signal transduction pathways in response to fungal
infection. Plant Cell 15, 93-106 (2003). 8. Powell, A. L., van Kan,
J., ten Have, A., Visser, J., Greve, L. C., Bennett, A. B.,
Labavitch, J. M. Transgenic expression of pear PGIP in tomato
limits fungal colonization. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13,
942-950 (2000). 9. Manfredini, C., Sicilia, F., Ferrari, F.,
Pontiggia, D., Salvi, G., Caprari, C., Lorito, M., De Lorenzo, G.
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 2 of Phaseolus vulgaris
inhibits BcPG1, a polygalacturonase of Botrytis cinerea important
for pathogenicity, and protects transgenic plants from infection.
Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 67, 108-115 (2005). 10. D'Ovidio, R.,
Raiola, A., Capodicasa, C., Devoto, A., Pontiggia, D., Roberti, S.,
Galletti, R., Conti, E., O'Sullivan, D., De Lorenzo, G
Characterization of the complex locus of bean encoding
polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins reveals subfunctionalization
for defense against fungi and insects. Plant Physiol. 135,
2424-2435 (2004). 11. Casasoli, M., Federici, L., Spinelli, F., of
Matteo, A., Vella, N., Scaloni, F., Fernandez-Recio, J., Cervone,
F. & De Lorenzo, G. Integration of evolutionary and desolvation
energy analysis identifies functional sites in a plant immunity
protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 7666-7671(2009). 12. Davis,
K. R., Darvill, A. G., Albersheim, P. & Dell, A. Host-pathogen
interactions. XXIX. Oligogalacturonides released from sodium
polypectate by endopolygalacturonic acid lyase are elicitors of
phytoalexins in soybean. Plant Physiol. 80, 568-577 (1986). 13.
Walker-Simmons, M., Hadwiger, L. & Ryan, C. A. Chitosans and
pectic polysaccharides both induce the accumulation of the
antifungal phytoalexin pisatin in pea pods and antinutrient
proteinse inhibitors in tomato leaves. Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun. 110, 194-199 (1983). 14. Jin, D. F. & West, C. A.
Characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of
casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings. Plant
Physiol. 74, 989-992 (1984). 15. Davis, K. R. & Hahlbrock, K.
Induction of defense responses in cultured parsley cells by plant
cell wall fragments. Plant Physiol. 85, 1286-1290 (1987). 16.
Broekaert, W. F. & Peumans, W. J. Pectic polysaccharides elicit
chitinase accumulation in tobacco. Physiol. Plant. 74, 740-744
(1988). 17. Denoux, C., Galletti, R., Mammarella, N., Gopalan, S.,
Werck, D., De Lorenzo, G., Ferrari, S., Ausubel, F. M. &
Dewdney, J. Activation of defense response pathways by OGs and
Flg22 elicitors in Arabidopsis seedlings Mol Plant 1, 423-445
(2008). 18. Galletti, R., De Lorenzo, G. & Ferrari, S.
Host-derived signals activate plant innate immunity. Plant Signal.
Behav. 4, 33-34 (2009). 19. Bellincampi, D., Dipierro, N., Salvi,
G., Cervone, F. & De Lorenzo, G. Extracellular H.sub.2O.sub.2
induced by oligogalacturonides is not involved in the inhibition of
the auxin-regulated rolB gene expression in tobacco leaf explants.
Plant Physiol. 122, 1379-1385 (2000). 20. Galletti, R., Denoux, C.,
Gambetta, S., Dewdney, J., Ausubel, F. M., De Lorenzo, G. &
Ferrari, S. The AtrbohD-mediated oxidative burst elicited by
oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis is dispensable for the
activation of defense responses effective against Botrytis cinerea
Plant Physiol. 148, 1695-1706 (2008). 21. Brutus, A., Sicilia, F.,
Macone, A., Cervone, F. & De Lorenzo, G. A domain swap approach
reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a
receptor of oligogalacturonides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107,
9452-9457 (2010). 22. De Lorenzo, G., Brutus, A., Savatin, D. V.,
Sicilia, F. & Cervone, F. Engineering plant resistance by
constructing chimeric receptors that recognize damage-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs). FEBS Lett. 585, 1521-1528 (2011). 23.
Ferrari, S., Galletti, R., Denoux, C., De Lorenzo, G, Ausubel, F.
M. & Dewdney, J. Resistance to Botrytis cinerea induced in
Arabidopsis by elicitors is independent of salicylic acid,
ethylene, or jasmonate signaling but requires PHYTOALEXIN
DEFICIENT3 Plant Physiol. 144, 367-379 (2007). 24. Galletti, R.,
Ferrari, S. & De Lorenzo, G. Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 play
different roles in basal and oligogalacturonide- or
flagellin-induced resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Plant
Physiol 157, 804-814 (2011). 25. Termeer, C., Benedix, F., Sleeman,
J., Fieber, C., Voith, U., Ahrens, T., Miyake, K., Freudenberg, M.,
Galanos, C. & Simon, J. C. Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan
activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4 J. Exp. Med. 195,
99-111 (2002). 26. Nurnberger, T., Brunner, F., Kemmerling, B.
& Piater, L. Innate immunity in plants and animals: striking
similarities and obvious differences. Immunol. Rev. 198, 249-266
(2004). 27. Leckie, F., Maffei, B., Capodicasa, C., Hemmings, A.,
Nuss, L., Aracri, B., De Lorenzo, G. & Cervone, F. The
specificity of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP): a
single amino acid substitution in the solvent-exposed
b-strand/b-turn region of the leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) confers a
new recognition capability EMBO J. 18, 2352-2363 (1999). 28.
Farina, A., Rocchi, V., Janni, M., Benedettelli, S., De Lorenzo,
G., D'Ovidio, R. The bean polygalacturonase inhibiting protein 2
(PvPGIP2) is highly conserved in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris
L.) germplasm and related species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118,
1371-1379 (2009). 29. Benedetti, M., Leggio, C., Federici, L., De
Lorenzo, G., Pavel, N. V. & Cervone, F. Structural Resolution
of the Complex between a Fungal Polygalacturonase and a Plant
Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein by Small-Angle X-Ray
Scattering Plant Physiol. 157, 599-607 (2011). 30. Capodicasa, C.,
Vairo, D., Zabotina, O., McCartney, L., Caprari, C., Maffei, B.,
Manfredini, C., Aracri, B., Benen, J., Knox, P., De Lorenzo, G.,
Cervone, F. Targeted modification of homogalacturonan by transgenic
expression of a fungal polygalacturonase alters plant growth. Plant
Physiol. 135, 1294-1304 (2004). 31 Zuo, J., Niu, Q. W. & Chua,
N. H. Technical advance: An estrogen receptor-based transactivator
XVE mediates highly inducible gene expression in transgenic plants.
Plant J. 24, 265-273 (2000). 32. Cao, H., Bowling, S. A., Gordon,
A. S. & Dong, X. Characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant that
is nonresponsive to inducers of systemic acquired resistance. Plant
Cell 6, 1583-1592 (1994). 33. Zhao, Y, Thilmony, R., Bender, C. L.,
Schaller, A., He, S. Y. and Howe, G. A. Virulence systems of
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato promote bacterial speck disease in
tomato by targeting the jasmonate signaling pathway. Plant J. 36,
485-499 (2003). 34. Lee, M. W. & Yang, Y. Transient expression
assay by agroinfiltration of leaves. Methods Mol. Biol. 323,
225-229 (2006). 35. Robert-Seilaniantz, A., Grant, M. & Jones,
J. D. G. Hormone Crosstalk in Plant Disease and Defense: More Than
Just JASMONATE-SALICYLATE Antagonism. Annual Review of
Phytopathology, Vol 49 49, 317-343 (2011). 36. Branca, C., De
Lorenzo, G. & Cervone, F. Competitive inhibition of the
auxin-induced elongation by a-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem
segments. Physiol. Plant. 72, 499-504 (1988). 37. Hayashi, T. &
Yoshida, K. Cell expansion and single-cell separation induced by
colchicine in suspension-cultured soybean cells. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 85, 2618-2622 (1988). 38. Baldwin, E. A. & Pressey, R.
Pectic enzymes in pectolyase. Separation, characterization, and
induction of ethylene in fruits. Plant Physiol. 90, 191-196 (1989).
39. Filippini, F., Terzi, M., Cozzani, F., Vallone, D. & the
Schiavo, F. Modulation of auxin-binding proteins in cell
suspensions. II. Isolation and initial characterization of carrot
cell variants impaired in somatic embryogenesis. Theor. Appl.
Genet. 84, 430-434 (1992). 40. Peretto, R., Favaron, F., Bettini,
V., De Lorenzo, G., Marini, S., Alghisi, P., Cervone, F., Bonfante,
P. Expression and localization of polygalacturonase during the
outgrowth of lateral roots in Allium porrum L. Planta. 188, 164-172
(1992). 41. Clough, S. J. & Bent, A. F. Floral dip: a
simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 16, 735-43 (1998). 42. Pfaffl, M. W.
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time
RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, e45 (2001). 43. Ferrari, S.,
Galletti, R., Vairo, D., Cervone, F. & De Lorenzo, G. Antisense
expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana AtPGIP1 gene reduces
polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein accumulation and enhances
susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact.
19, 931-936 (2006).
SEQUENCE LISTINGS
1
3111047DNAFusarium phyllophilum 1ccctgctccg tgactgagta ctctggcctc
gccaccgctg tctcatcctg caaaaacatc 60gtgctcaacg gtttccaagt cccgacaggc
aagcaactcg acctatccag cctccagaat 120gactcgaccg ttaccttcaa
gggcacgacc acttttgcca ccactgctga taacgacttt 180aatcctatcg
tcattagtgg aagtaacatc actatcactg gtgcatctgg ccatgtcatt
240gatggcaacg gtcaggcgta ctgggatggc aaaggttcta acagcaatag
caaccaaaag 300cccgatcact tcatcgttgt tcagaagacc accggcaact
caaagatcac aaacctaaat 360atccagaact ggcccgttca ctgcttcgac
attacaggca gctcgcaatt gaccatctca 420gggcttattc ttgataacag
agctggcgac aagcctaacg ccaagagcgg tagcttgccc 480gctgcgcata
acaccgacgg tttcgacatc tcgtccagtg accacgttac gctggataac
540aatcatgttt ataaccaaga tgattgtgtt gctgttactt ccggtacaaa
catcgtcgtt 600tctaacatgt attgctccgg cggccatggt cttagtatcg
gatctgttgg tggaaagagc 660gacaatgtcg ttgatggtgt tcagttcttg
agctcgcagg ttgtgaacag tcagaatgga 720tgtcgcatca agtccaactc
tggcgcaact ggcacgatca acaacgtcac ctaccagaac 780attgctctca
ccaacatcag cacgtacggt gtcgatgttc agcaggacta tctcaacggc
840ggccctactg gaaagccgac caacggagtc aagatcagca acatcaagtt
catcaaggtc 900actggcactg tggctagctc tgcccaggat tggtttattc
tgtgtggtga tggtagctgc 960tctggattta ccttctctgg aaacgctatt
actggtggtg gcaagactag cagctgcaac 1020tatcctacca acacttgccc cagctag
10472348PRTFusarium phyllophilum 2Pro Cys Ser Val Thr Glu Tyr Ser
Gly Leu Ala Thr Ala Val Ser Ser1 5 10 15Cys Lys Asn Ile Val Leu Asn
Gly Phe Gln Val Pro Thr Gly Lys Gln 20 25 30Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser Leu
Gln Asn Asp Ser Thr Val Thr Phe Lys Gly 35 40 45Thr Thr Thr Phe Ala
Thr Thr Ala Asp Asn Asp Phe Asn Pro Ile Val 50 55 60Ile Ser Gly Ser
Asn Ile Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly His Val Ile65 70 75 80Asp Gly
Asn Gly Gln Ala Tyr Trp Asp Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn Ser Asn 85 90 95Ser
Asn Gln Lys Pro Asp His Phe Ile Val Val Gln Lys Thr Thr Gly 100 105
110Asn Ser Lys Ile Thr Asn Leu Asn Ile Gln Asn Trp Pro Val His Cys
115 120 125Phe Asp Ile Thr Gly Ser Ser Gln Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu
Ile Leu 130 135 140Asp Asn Arg Ala Gly Asp Lys Pro Asn Ala Lys Ser
Gly Ser Leu Pro145 150 155 160Ala Ala His Asn Thr Asp Gly Phe Asp
Ile Ser Ser Ser Asp His Val 165 170 175Thr Leu Asp Asn Asn His Val
Tyr Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Val Ala Val 180 185 190Thr Ser Gly Thr Asn
Ile Val Val Ser Asn Met Tyr Cys Ser Gly Gly 195 200 205His Gly Leu
Ser Ile Gly Ser Val Gly Gly Lys Ser Asp Asn Val Val 210 215 220Asp
Gly Val Gln Phe Leu Ser Ser Gln Val Val Asn Ser Gln Asn Gly225 230
235 240Cys Arg Ile Lys Ser Asn Ser Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Ile Asn Asn
Val 245 250 255Thr Tyr Gln Asn Ile Ala Leu Thr Asn Ile Ser Thr Tyr
Gly Val Asp 260 265 270Val Gln Gln Asp Tyr Leu Asn Gly Gly Pro Thr
Gly Lys Pro Thr Asn 275 280 285Gly Val Lys Ile Ser Asn Ile Lys Phe
Ile Lys Val Thr Gly Thr Val 290 295 300Ala Ser Ser Ala Gln Asp Trp
Phe Ile Leu Cys Gly Asp Gly Ser Cys305 310 315 320Ser Gly Phe Thr
Phe Ser Gly Asn Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly Gly Lys Thr 325 330 335Ser Ser
Cys Asn Tyr Pro Thr Asn Thr Cys Pro Ser 340 34531026DNAPhaseolus
vulgaris 3atgactcaat tcaatatccc agtaaccatg tcttcaagct taagcataat
tttggtcatt 60cttgtatctt tgagcactgc acactcagag ctatgcaacc cacaagacaa
gcaagccctt 120ctccaaatca agaaagacct tggcaaccca accactctct
cctcatggct tccaaccacc 180gactgttgca acagaacctg gctaggtgtt
ttatgcgaca ccgacaccca aacatatcgc 240gtcaacaacc tcgacctctc
cggccttaac ctcccaaaac cctaccctat cccttcctcc 300ctcgccaacc
tcccctacct caattttcta tacattggtg gcatcaataa cctcgtcggt
360ccaatccccc ccgccatcgc taaactcacc caactccact atctctatat
cacccacacc 420aatgtctccg gcgcaatacc cgatttcttg tcacagatca
aaaccctcgt caccctcgac 480ttctcctaca acgccctctc cggcacccta
cctccctcca tctcttctct ccccaacctc 540gtcggaatca cattcgacgg
caaccgaatc tccggcgcca tccccgactc ctacggctca 600ttttcgaagc
tgttcacgtc gatgaccatc tcccgcaacc gcctcaccgg gaagattccg
660ccgacgtttg cgaatctgaa cctggcgttc gttgacttgt ctcgaaacat
gctggagggt 720gacgcgtcgg tgttgttcgg atcagataag aacacgcaga
agatacatct ggcgaagaac 780tctcttgcct ttgatttggg gaaagtgggg
ttgtcaaaga acttgaacgg gttggatctg 840aggaacaacc gtatctatgg
gacgctaccg cagggactga cgcagctaaa gtttctgcac 900agtttaaatg
tgagcttcaa caatctgtgc ggtgagattc ctcaaggtgg gaacttgcaa
960agatttgacg tttctgctta tgccaacaac aagtgcttgt gtggttctcc
tcttcctgcc 1020tgcact 10264342PRTPhaseolus vulgaris 4Met Thr Gln
Phe Asn Ile Pro Val Thr Met Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Ile1 5 10 15Ile Leu
Val Ile Leu Val Ser Leu Ser Thr Ala His Ser Glu Leu Cys 20 25 30Asn
Pro Gln Asp Lys Gln Ala Leu Leu Gln Ile Lys Lys Asp Leu Gly 35 40
45Asn Pro Thr Thr Leu Ser Ser Trp Leu Pro Thr Thr Asp Cys Cys Asn
50 55 60Arg Thr Trp Leu Gly Val Leu Cys Asp Thr Asp Thr Gln Thr Tyr
Arg65 70 75 80Val Asn Asn Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly Leu Asn Leu Pro Lys
Pro Tyr Pro 85 90 95Ile Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Asn
Phe Leu Tyr Ile 100 105 110Gly Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Pro Ile
Pro Pro Ala Ile Ala Lys 115 120 125Leu Thr Gln Leu His Tyr Leu Tyr
Ile Thr His Thr Asn Val Ser Gly 130 135 140Ala Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu
Ser Gln Ile Lys Thr Leu Val Thr Leu Asp145 150 155 160Phe Ser Tyr
Asn Ala Leu Ser Gly Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Ile Ser Ser 165 170 175Leu
Pro Asn Leu Val Gly Ile Thr Phe Asp Gly Asn Arg Ile Ser Gly 180 185
190Ala Ile Pro Asp Ser Tyr Gly Ser Phe Ser Lys Leu Phe Thr Ser Met
195 200 205Thr Ile Ser Arg Asn Arg Leu Thr Gly Lys Ile Pro Pro Thr
Phe Ala 210 215 220Asn Leu Asn Leu Ala Phe Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn
Met Leu Glu Gly225 230 235 240Asp Ala Ser Val Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp
Lys Asn Thr Gln Lys Ile His 245 250 255Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Ala
Phe Asp Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Leu Ser 260 265 270Lys Asn Leu Asn Gly
Leu Asp Leu Arg Asn Asn Arg Ile Tyr Gly Thr 275 280 285Leu Pro Gln
Gly Leu Thr Gln Leu Lys Phe Leu His Ser Leu Asn Val 290 295 300Ser
Phe Asn Asn Leu Cys Gly Glu Ile Pro Gln Gly Gly Asn Leu Gln305 310
315 320Arg Phe Asp Val Ser Ala Tyr Ala Asn Asn Lys Cys Leu Cys Gly
Ser 325 330 335Pro Leu Pro Ala Cys Thr 34052082DNAArtificial
Sequencenucleotide sequence of OGM expressed in plant 5atgactcaat
tcaatatccc agtaaccatg tcttcaagct taagcataat tttggtcatt 60cttgtatctt
tgagcactgc acactcagag ctatgcaacc cacaagacaa gcaagccctt
120ctccaaatca agaaagacct tggcaaccca accactctct cctcatggct
tccaaccacc 180gactgttgca acagaacctg gctaggtgtt ttatgcgaca
ccgacaccca aacatatcgc 240gtcaacaacc tcgacctctc cggccttaac
ctcccaaaac cctaccctat cccttcctcc 300ctcgccaacc tcccctacct
caattttcta tacattggtg gcatcaataa cctcgtcggt 360ccaatccccc
ccgccatcgc taaactcacc caactccact atctctatat cacccacacc
420aatgtctccg gcgcaatacc cgatttcttg tcacagatca aaaccctcgt
caccctcgac 480ttctcctaca acgccctctc cggcacccta cctccctcca
tctcttctct ccccaacctc 540gtcggaatca cattcgacgg caaccgaatc
tccggcgcca tccccgactc ctacggctca 600ttttcgaagc tgttcacgtc
gatgaccatc tcccgcaacc gcctcaccgg gaagattccg 660ccgacgtttg
cgaatctgaa cctggcgttc gttgacttgt ctcgaaacat gctggagggt
720gacgcgtcgg tgttgttcgg atcagataag aacacgcaga agatacatct
ggcgaagaac 780tctcttgcct ttgatttggg gaaagtgggg ttgtcaaaga
acttgaacgg gttggatctg 840aggaacaacc gtatctatgg gacgctaccg
cagggactga cgcagctaaa gtttctgcac 900agtttaaatg tgagcttcaa
caatctgtgc ggtgagattc ctcaaggtgg gaacttgcaa 960agatttgacg
tttctgctta tgccaacaac aagtgcttgt gtggttctcc tcttcctgcc
1020tgcactgcgg ccgcaccctg ctccgtgact gagtactctg gcctcgccac
cgctgtctca 1080tcctgcaaaa acatcgtgct caacggtttc caagtcccga
caggcaagca actcgaccta 1140tccagcctcc agaatgactc gaccgttacc
ttcaagggca cgaccacttt tgccaccact 1200gctgataacg actttaatcc
tatcgtcatt agtggaagta acatcactat cactggtgca 1260tctggccatg
tcattgatgg caacggtcag gcgtactggg atggcaaagg ttctaacagc
1320aatagcaacc aaaagcccga tcacttcatc gttgttcaga agaccaccgg
caactcaaag 1380atcacaaacc taaatatcca gaactggccc gttcactgct
tcgacattac aggcagctcg 1440caattgacca tctcagggct tattcttgat
aacagagctg gcgacaagcc taacgccaag 1500agcggtagct tgcccgctgc
gcataacacc gacggtttcg acatctcgtc cagtgaccac 1560gttacgctgg
ataacaatca tgtttataac caagatgatt gtgttgctgt tacttccggt
1620acaaacatcg tcgtttctaa catgtattgc tccggcggcc atggtcttag
tatcggatct 1680gttggtggaa agagcgacaa tgtcgttgat ggtgttcagt
tcttgagctc gcaggttgtg 1740aacagtcaga atggatgtcg catcaagtcc
aactctggcg caactggcac gatcaacaac 1800gtcacctacc agaacattgc
tctcaccaac atcagcacgt acggtgtcga tgttcagcag 1860gactatctca
acggcggccc tactggaaag ccgaccaacg gagtcaagat cagcaacatc
1920aagttcatca aggtcactgg cactgtggct agctctgccc aggattggtt
tattctgtgt 1980ggtgatggta gctgctctgg atttaccttc tctggaaacg
ctattactgg tggtggcaag 2040actagcagct gcaactatcc taccaacact
tgccccagct ag 20826693PRTArtificial Sequenceamino acid sequence of
OGM expressed in plant 6Met Thr Gln Phe Asn Ile Pro Val Thr Met Ser
Ser Ser Leu Ser Ile1 5 10 15Ile Leu Val Ile Leu Val Ser Leu Ser Thr
Ala His Ser Glu Leu Cys 20 25 30Asn Pro Gln Asp Lys Gln Ala Leu Leu
Gln Ile Lys Lys Asp Leu Gly 35 40 45Asn Pro Thr Thr Leu Ser Ser Trp
Leu Pro Thr Thr Asp Cys Cys Asn 50 55 60Arg Thr Trp Leu Gly Val Leu
Cys Asp Thr Asp Thr Gln Thr Tyr Arg65 70 75 80Val Asn Asn Leu Asp
Leu Ser Gly Leu Asn Leu Pro Lys Pro Tyr Pro 85 90 95Ile Pro Ser Ser
Leu Ala Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Asn Phe Leu Tyr Ile 100 105 110Gly Gly
Ile Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Pro Ile Pro Pro Ala Ile Ala Lys 115 120
125Leu Thr Gln Leu His Tyr Leu Tyr Ile Thr His Thr Asn Val Ser Gly
130 135 140Ala Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu Ser Gln Ile Lys Thr Leu Val Thr
Leu Asp145 150 155 160Phe Ser Tyr Asn Ala Leu Ser Gly Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Ile Ser Ser 165 170 175Leu Pro Asn Leu Val Gly Ile Thr Phe
Asp Gly Asn Arg Ile Ser Gly 180 185 190Ala Ile Pro Asp Ser Tyr Gly
Ser Phe Ser Lys Leu Phe Thr Ser Met 195 200 205Thr Ile Ser Arg Asn
Arg Leu Thr Gly Lys Ile Pro Pro Thr Phe Ala 210 215 220Asn Leu Asn
Leu Ala Phe Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Met Leu Glu Gly225 230 235
240Asp Ala Ser Val Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Lys Asn Thr Gln Lys Ile His
245 250 255Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Ala Phe Asp Leu Gly Lys Val Gly
Leu Ser 260 265 270Lys Asn Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp Leu Arg Asn Asn Arg
Ile Tyr Gly Thr 275 280 285Leu Pro Gln Gly Leu Thr Gln Leu Lys Phe
Leu His Ser Leu Asn Val 290 295 300Ser Phe Asn Asn Leu Cys Gly Glu
Ile Pro Gln Gly Gly Asn Leu Gln305 310 315 320Arg Phe Asp Val Ser
Ala Tyr Ala Asn Asn Lys Cys Leu Cys Gly Ser 325 330 335Pro Leu Pro
Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Pro Cys Ser Val Thr Glu Tyr 340 345 350Ser
Gly Leu Ala Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Cys Lys Asn Ile Val Leu Asn 355 360
365Gly Phe Gln Val Pro Thr Gly Lys Gln Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser Leu Gln
370 375 380Asn Asp Ser Thr Val Thr Phe Lys Gly Thr Thr Thr Phe Ala
Thr Thr385 390 395 400Ala Asp Asn Asp Phe Asn Pro Ile Val Ile Ser
Gly Ser Asn Ile Thr 405 410 415Ile Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly His Val Ile
Asp Gly Asn Gly Gln Ala Tyr 420 425 430Trp Asp Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn
Ser Asn Ser Asn Gln Lys Pro Asp His 435 440 445Phe Ile Val Val Gln
Lys Thr Thr Gly Asn Ser Lys Ile Thr Asn Leu 450 455 460Asn Ile Gln
Asn Trp Pro Val His Cys Phe Asp Ile Thr Gly Ser Ser465 470 475
480Gln Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Ile Leu Asp Asn Arg Ala Gly Asp Lys
485 490 495Pro Asn Ala Lys Ser Gly Ser Leu Pro Ala Ala His Asn Thr
Asp Gly 500 505 510Phe Asp Ile Ser Ser Ser Asp His Val Thr Leu Asp
Asn Asn His Val 515 520 525Tyr Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Val Ala Val Thr
Ser Gly Thr Asn Ile Val 530 535 540Val Ser Asn Met Tyr Cys Ser Gly
Gly His Gly Leu Ser Ile Gly Ser545 550 555 560Val Gly Gly Lys Ser
Asp Asn Val Val Asp Gly Val Gln Phe Leu Ser 565 570 575Ser Gln Val
Val Asn Ser Gln Asn Gly Cys Arg Ile Lys Ser Asn Ser 580 585 590Gly
Ala Thr Gly Thr Ile Asn Asn Val Thr Tyr Gln Asn Ile Ala Leu 595 600
605Thr Asn Ile Ser Thr Tyr Gly Val Asp Val Gln Gln Asp Tyr Leu Asn
610 615 620Gly Gly Pro Thr Gly Lys Pro Thr Asn Gly Val Lys Ile Ser
Asn Ile625 630 635 640Lys Phe Ile Lys Val Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Ser
Ser Ala Gln Asp Trp 645 650 655Phe Ile Leu Cys Gly Asp Gly Ser Cys
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly 660 665 670Asn Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly Gly
Lys Thr Ser Ser Cys Asn Tyr Pro Thr 675 680 685Asn Thr Cys Pro Ser
69071995DNAArtificial Sequencenucleotide sequence of OGM expressed
in Pichia 7gagctatgca acccacaaga caagcaagcc cttctccaaa tcaagaaaga
ccttggcaac 60ccaaccactc tctcctcatg gcttccaacc accgactgtt gcaacagaac
ctggctaggt 120gttttatgcg acaccgacac ccaaacatat cgcgtcaaca
acctcgacct ctccggcctt 180aacctcccaa aaccctaccc tatcccttcc
tccctcgcca acctccccta cctcaatttt 240ctatacattg gtggcatcaa
taacctcgtc ggtccaatcc cccccgccat cgctaaactc 300acccaactcc
actatctcta tatcacccac accaatgtct ccggcgcaat acccgatttc
360ttgtcacaga tcaaaaccct cgtcaccctc gacttctcct acaacgccct
ctccggcacc 420ctacctccct ccatctcttc tctccccaac ctcgtcggaa
tcacattcga cggcaaccga 480atctccggcg ccatccccga ctcctacggc
tcattttcga agctgttcac gtcgatgacc 540atctcccgca accgcctcac
cgggaagatt ccgccgacgt ttgcgaatct gaacctggcg 600ttcgttgact
tgtctcgaaa catgctggag ggtgacgcgt cggtgttgtt cggatcagat
660aagaacacgc agaagataca tctggcgaag aactctcttg cctttgattt
ggggaaagtg 720gggttgtcaa agaacttgaa cgggttggat ctgaggaaca
accgtatcta tgggacgcta 780ccgcagggac tgacgcagct aaagtttctg
cacagtttaa atgtgagctt caacaatctg 840tgcggtgaga ttcctcaagg
tgggaacttg caaagatttg acgtttctgc ttatgccaac 900aacaagtgct
tgtgtggttc tcctcttcct gcctgcactg cggccgcacc ctgctccgtg
960actgagtact ctggcctcgc caccgctgtc tcatcctgca aaaacatcgt
gctcaacggt 1020ttccaagtcc cgacaggcaa gcaactcgac ctatccagcc
tccagaatga ctcgaccgtt 1080accttcaagg gcacgaccac ttttgccacc
actgctgata acgactttaa tcctatcgtc 1140attagtggaa gtaacatcac
tatcactggt gcatctggcc atgtcattga tggcaacggt 1200caggcgtact
gggatggcaa aggttctaac agcaatagca accaaaagcc cgatcacttc
1260atcgttgttc agaagaccac cggcaactca aagatcacaa acctaaatat
ccagaactgg 1320cccgttcact gcttcgacat tacaggcagc tcgcaattga
ccatctcagg gcttattctt 1380gataacagag ctggcgacaa gcctaacgcc
aagagcggta gcttgcccgc tgcgcataac 1440accgacggtt tcgacatctc
gtccagtgac cacgttacgc tggataacaa tcatgtttat 1500aaccaagatg
attgtgttgc tgttacttcc ggtacaaaca tcgtcgtttc taacatgtat
1560tgctccggcg gccatggtct tagtatcgga tctgttggtg gaaagagcga
caatgtcgtt 1620gatggtgttc agttcttgag ctcgcaggtt gtgaacagtc
agaatggatg tcgcatcaag 1680tccaactctg gcgcaactgg cacgatcaac
aacgtcacct accagaacat tgctctcacc 1740aacatcagca cgtacggtgt
cgatgttcag caggactatc tcaacggcgg ccctactgga 1800aagccgacca
acggagtcaa gatcagcaac atcaagttca tcaaggtcac tggcactgtg
1860gctagctctg cccaggattg gtttattctg tgtggtgatg gtagctgctc
tggatttacc 1920ttctctggaa acgctattac tggtggtggc aagactagca
gctgcaacta tcctaccaac 1980acttgcccca gctag 19958664PRTArtificial
Sequenceamino acid sequence of OGM expressed in Pichia 8Glu Leu Cys
Asn Pro Gln Asp Lys Gln
Ala Leu Leu Gln Ile Lys Lys1 5 10 15Asp Leu Gly Asn Pro Thr Thr Leu
Ser Ser Trp Leu Pro Thr Thr Asp 20 25 30Cys Cys Asn Arg Thr Trp Leu
Gly Val Leu Cys Asp Thr Asp Thr Gln 35 40 45Thr Tyr Arg Val Asn Asn
Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly Leu Asn Leu Pro Lys 50 55 60Pro Tyr Pro Ile Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Asn Phe65 70 75 80Leu Tyr Ile
Gly Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Pro Ile Pro Pro Ala 85 90 95Ile Ala
Lys Leu Thr Gln Leu His Tyr Leu Tyr Ile Thr His Thr Asn 100 105
110Val Ser Gly Ala Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu Ser Gln Ile Lys Thr Leu Val
115 120 125Thr Leu Asp Phe Ser Tyr Asn Ala Leu Ser Gly Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser 130 135 140Ile Ser Ser Leu Pro Asn Leu Val Gly Ile Thr Phe
Asp Gly Asn Arg145 150 155 160Ile Ser Gly Ala Ile Pro Asp Ser Tyr
Gly Ser Phe Ser Lys Leu Phe 165 170 175Thr Ser Met Thr Ile Ser Arg
Asn Arg Leu Thr Gly Lys Ile Pro Pro 180 185 190Thr Phe Ala Asn Leu
Asn Leu Ala Phe Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Met 195 200 205Leu Glu Gly
Asp Ala Ser Val Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Lys Asn Thr Gln 210 215 220Lys
Ile His Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Ala Phe Asp Leu Gly Lys Val225 230
235 240Gly Leu Ser Lys Asn Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp Leu Arg Asn Asn Arg
Ile 245 250 255Tyr Gly Thr Leu Pro Gln Gly Leu Thr Gln Leu Lys Phe
Leu His Ser 260 265 270Leu Asn Val Ser Phe Asn Asn Leu Cys Gly Glu
Ile Pro Gln Gly Gly 275 280 285Asn Leu Gln Arg Phe Asp Val Ser Ala
Tyr Ala Asn Asn Lys Cys Leu 290 295 300Cys Gly Ser Pro Leu Pro Ala
Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Pro Cys Ser Val305 310 315 320Thr Glu Tyr Ser
Gly Leu Ala Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Cys Lys Asn Ile 325 330 335Val Leu
Asn Gly Phe Gln Val Pro Thr Gly Lys Gln Leu Asp Leu Ser 340 345
350Ser Leu Gln Asn Asp Ser Thr Val Thr Phe Lys Gly Thr Thr Thr Phe
355 360 365Ala Thr Thr Ala Asp Asn Asp Phe Asn Pro Ile Val Ile Ser
Gly Ser 370 375 380Asn Ile Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly His Val Ile
Asp Gly Asn Gly385 390 395 400Gln Ala Tyr Trp Asp Gly Lys Gly Ser
Asn Ser Asn Ser Asn Gln Lys 405 410 415Pro Asp His Phe Ile Val Val
Gln Lys Thr Thr Gly Asn Ser Lys Ile 420 425 430Thr Asn Leu Asn Ile
Gln Asn Trp Pro Val His Cys Phe Asp Ile Thr 435 440 445Gly Ser Ser
Gln Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Ile Leu Asp Asn Arg Ala 450 455 460Gly
Asp Lys Pro Asn Ala Lys Ser Gly Ser Leu Pro Ala Ala His Asn465 470
475 480Thr Asp Gly Phe Asp Ile Ser Ser Ser Asp His Val Thr Leu Asp
Asn 485 490 495Asn His Val Tyr Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Val Ala Val Thr
Ser Gly Thr 500 505 510Asn Ile Val Val Ser Asn Met Tyr Cys Ser Gly
Gly His Gly Leu Ser 515 520 525Ile Gly Ser Val Gly Gly Lys Ser Asp
Asn Val Val Asp Gly Val Gln 530 535 540Phe Leu Ser Ser Gln Val Val
Asn Ser Gln Asn Gly Cys Arg Ile Lys545 550 555 560Ser Asn Ser Gly
Ala Thr Gly Thr Ile Asn Asn Val Thr Tyr Gln Asn 565 570 575Ile Ala
Leu Thr Asn Ile Ser Thr Tyr Gly Val Asp Val Gln Gln Asp 580 585
590Tyr Leu Asn Gly Gly Pro Thr Gly Lys Pro Thr Asn Gly Val Lys Ile
595 600 605Ser Asn Ile Lys Phe Ile Lys Val Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Ser
Ser Ala 610 615 620Gln Asp Trp Phe Ile Leu Cys Gly Asp Gly Ser Cys
Ser Gly Phe Thr625 630 635 640Phe Ser Gly Asn Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly
Gly Lys Thr Ser Ser Cys Asn 645 650 655Tyr Pro Thr Asn Thr Cys Pro
Ser 66093373DNAArtificial Sequencenucleotide sequence of OGM fused
to promoter PR-1 9aagcttgttt taacttataa aatgattctc cctccatata
aaaaagtttg attttataga 60atgtttatac cgattaaaaa aataataatg cttagttata
aattactatt tattcatgct 120aaactatttc tcgtaactat taaccaatag
taattcatca aattttaaaa ttctcaatta 180attgattctt gaaattcata
accttttaat attgattgat aaaaatatac ataaactcaa 240tctttttaat
acaaaaaaac tttaaaaaat caatttttct gattcggagg gagtatatgt
300tattgcttag aatcacagat tcatatcagg attggaaaat tttaaagcca
gtgcatatca 360gtagtcaaaa ttggtaaatg atatacgaag gcggtacaaa
attaggtata ctgaagatag 420aagaacacaa aagtagatcg gtcacctaga
gtttttcaat ttaaactgcg tattagtgtt 480tggaaaaaaa aaacaaagtg
tatacaatgt caatcggtga tctttttttt tttttttttt 540tttttttttc
tttttggata aatctcaatg ggtgatctat tgactgtttc tctacgtcac
600tattttactt acgtcataga tgtggcggca tatattcttc aggacttttc
agccataggc 660aagagtgata gagatactca tatgcatgaa acactaagaa
acaaataatt cttgactttt 720tttcttttat ttgaaaattg actgtagata
taaactttta ttttttctga ctgtaaatat 780aatcttaatt gccaaactgt
ccgatacgat ttttctgtat tatttacagg aagatatctt 840caaaacattt
tgaatgaagt aatatatgaa attcaaattt gaaatagaag acttaaatta
900gaatcatgaa gaaaaaaaaa acacaaaaca actgaatgac atgaaacaac
tatatacaat 960gtttcttaat aaacttcatt tagggtatac ttacatatat
actaaaaaaa tatatcaaca 1020atggcaaagc taccgatacg aaacaatatt
aggaaaaatg tgtgtaagga caagattgac 1080aaaaaaatag ttacgaaaac
aacttctatt catttggaca attgcaatga atattactaa 1140aatactcaca
catggaccat gtatttacaa aaacgtgaga tctatagtta acaaaaaaaa
1200aaagaaaaaa atagttttca aatctctata taagcgatgt ttacgaaccc
caaaatcata 1260acacaacaat aaccattatc aacttagaaa aatgactcaa
ttcaatatcc cagtaaccat 1320gtcttcaagc ttaagcataa ttttggtcat
tcttgtatct ttgagcactg cacactcaga 1380gctatgcaac ccacaagaca
agcaagccct tctccaaatc aagaaagacc ttggcaaccc 1440aaccactctc
tcctcatggc ttccaaccac cgactgttgc aacagaacct ggctaggtgt
1500tttatgcgac accgacaccc aaacatatcg cgtcaacaac ctcgacctct
ccggccttaa 1560cctcccaaaa ccctacccta tcccttcctc cctcgccaac
ctcccctacc tcaattttct 1620atacattggt ggcatcaata acctcgtcgg
tccaatcccc cccgccatcg ctaaactcac 1680ccaactccac tatctctata
tcacccacac caatgtctcc ggcgcaatac ccgatttctt 1740gtcacagatc
aaaaccctcg tcaccctcga cttctcctac aacgccctct ccggcaccct
1800acctccctcc atctcttctc tccccaacct cgtcggaatc acattcgacg
gcaaccgaat 1860ctccggcgcc atccccgact cctacggctc attttcgaag
ctgttcacgt cgatgaccat 1920ctcccgcaac cgcctcaccg ggaagattcc
gccgacgttt gcgaatctga acctggcgtt 1980cgttgacttg tctcgaaaca
tgctggaggg tgacgcgtcg gtgttgttcg gatcagataa 2040gaacacgcag
aagatacatc tggcgaagaa ctctcttgcc tttgatttgg ggaaagtggg
2100gttgtcaaag aacttgaacg ggttggatct gaggaacaac cgtatctatg
ggacgctacc 2160gcagggactg acgcagctaa agtttctgca cagtttaaat
gtgagcttca acaatctgtg 2220cggtgagatt cctcaaggtg ggaacttgca
aagatttgac gtttctgctt atgccaacaa 2280caagtgcttg tgtggttctc
ctcttcctgc ctgcactgcg gccgcaccct gctccgtgac 2340tgagtactct
ggcctcgcca ccgctgtctc atcctgcaaa aacatcgtgc tcaacggttt
2400ccaagtcccg acaggcaagc aactcgacct atccagcctc cagaatgact
cgaccgttac 2460cttcaagggc acgaccactt ttgccaccac tgctgataac
gactttaatc ctatcgtcat 2520tagtggaagt aacatcacta tcactggtgc
atctggccat gtcattgatg gcaacggtca 2580ggcgtactgg gatggcaaag
gttctaacag caatagcaac caaaagcccg atcacttcat 2640cgttgttcag
aagaccaccg gcaactcaaa gatcacaaac ctaaatatcc agaactggcc
2700cgttcactgc ttcgacatta caggcagctc gcaattgacc atctcagggc
ttattcttga 2760taacagagct ggcgacaagc ctaacgccaa gagcggtagc
ttgcccgctg cgcataacac 2820cgacggtttc gacatctcgt ccagtgacca
cgttacgctg gataacaatc atgtttataa 2880ccaagatgat tgtgttgctg
ttacttccgg tacaaacatc gtcgtttcta acatgtattg 2940ctccggcggc
catggtctta gtatcggatc tgttggtgga aagagcgaca atgtcgttga
3000tggtgttcag ttcttgagct cgcaggttgt gaacagtcag aatggatgtc
gcatcaagtc 3060caactctggc gcaactggca cgatcaacaa cgtcacctac
cagaacattg ctctcaccaa 3120catcagcacg tacggtgtcg atgttcagca
ggactatctc aacggcggcc ctactggaaa 3180gccgaccaac ggagtcaaga
tcagcaacat caagttcatc aaggtcactg gcactgtggc 3240tagctctgcc
caggattggt ttattctgtg tggtgatggt agctgctctg gatttacctt
3300ctctggaaac gctattactg gtggtggcaa gactagcagc tgcaactatc
ctaccaacac 3360ttgccccagc tag 33731029PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic primer 10Ala Thr Cys Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr
Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Cys1 5 10 15Thr Ala Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys
Cys Ala Cys Ala 20 251135DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer
11tcttctaagt gcggccgcag tgcaggcagg aagag 351237DNAArtificial
Sequencesynthetic primer 12tcaacactat gcggccgcac cctgctccgt gactgag
371331DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer 13atcgattcta
gactagctgg ggcaagtgtt g 311444DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic
primer 14actaagccta ggactatcta gaatgactca attcaatatc ccag
441516DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer 15ggggatggcg ccggag
161634DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer 16actaagctcg
agatgactca attcaatatc ccag 341733DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic
primer 17cctaagttaa ttaactagct ggggcaagtg ttg 331831DNAArtificial
Sequencesynthetic primer 18gactatctag aatgactcaa ttcaatatcc c
311922DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer 19gttagcacaa
gcttgtttta ac 222034DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic primer
20cctaagtcta gaggtcttaa ttaactagct gggg 342165DNAArtificial
Sequencesynthetic primer 21tgcttaagct tgaagacatg gttactggga
tattgaattg agtcattttt ctaagttgat 60aatgg 6522373PRTFusarium
phyllophilum 22Met Val Arg Asn Ile Val Ser Arg Leu Cys Ser Gln Leu
Phe Ala Leu1 5 10 15Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gln Glu Arg Asp Pro Cys Ser
Val Thr Glu Tyr 20 25 30Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Cys Lys
Asn Ile Val Leu Asn 35 40 45Gly Phe Gln Val Pro Thr Gly Lys Gln Leu
Asp Leu Ser Ser Leu Gln 50 55 60Asn Asp Ser Thr Val Thr Phe Lys Gly
Thr Thr Thr Phe Ala Thr Thr65 70 75 80Ala Asp Asn Asp Phe Asn Pro
Ile Val Ile Ser Gly Ser Asn Ile Thr 85 90 95Ile Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly
His Val Ile Asp Gly Asn Gly Gln Ala Tyr 100 105 110Trp Asp Gly Lys
Gly Ser Asn Ser Asn Ser Asn Gln Lys Pro Asp His 115 120 125Phe Ile
Val Val Gln Lys Thr Thr Gly Asn Ser Lys Ile Thr Asn Leu 130 135
140Asn Ile Gln Asn Trp Pro Val His Cys Phe Asp Ile Thr Gly Ser
Ser145 150 155 160Gln Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Leu Ile Leu Asp Asn Arg
Ala Gly Asp Lys 165 170 175Pro Asn Ala Lys Ser Gly Ser Leu Pro Ala
Ala His Asn Thr Asp Gly 180 185 190Phe Asp Ile Ser Ser Ser Asp His
Val Thr Leu Asp Asn Asn His Val 195 200 205Tyr Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys
Val Ala Val Thr Ser Gly Thr Asn Ile Val 210 215 220Val Ser Asn Met
Tyr Cys Ser Gly Gly His Gly Leu Ser Ile Gly Ser225 230 235 240Val
Gly Gly Lys Ser Asp Asn Val Val Asp Gly Val Gln Phe Leu Ser 245 250
255Ser Gln Val Val Asn Ser Gln Asn Gly Cys Arg Ile Lys Ser Asn Ser
260 265 270Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Ile Asn Asn Val Thr Tyr Gln Asn Ile
Ala Leu 275 280 285Thr Asn Ile Ser Thr Tyr Gly Val Asp Val Gln Gln
Asp Tyr Leu Asn 290 295 300Gly Gly Pro Thr Gly Lys Pro Thr Asn Gly
Val Lys Ile Ser Asn Ile305 310 315 320Lys Phe Ile Lys Val Thr Gly
Thr Val Ala Ser Ser Ala Gln Asp Trp 325 330 335Phe Ile Leu Cys Gly
Asp Gly Ser Cys Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly 340 345 350Asn Ala Ile
Thr Gly Gly Gly Lys Thr Ser Ser Cys Asn Tyr Pro Thr 355 360 365Asn
Thr Cys Pro Ser 37023342PRTPhaseolus vulgaris 23Met Thr Gln Phe Asn
Ile Pro Val Thr Met Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Ile1 5 10 15Ile Leu Val Ile
Leu Val Ser Leu Arg Thr Ala Leu Ser Glu Leu Cys 20 25 30Asn Pro Gln
Asp Lys Gln Ala Leu Leu Gln Ile Lys Lys Asp Leu Gly 35 40 45Asn Pro
Thr Thr Leu Ser Ser Trp Leu Pro Thr Thr Asp Cys Cys Asn 50 55 60Arg
Thr Trp Leu Gly Val Leu Cys Asp Thr Asp Thr Gln Thr Tyr Arg65 70 75
80Val Asn Asn Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly His Asn Leu Pro Lys Pro Tyr Pro
85 90 95Ile Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Asn Phe Leu Tyr
Ile 100 105 110Gly Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Pro Ile Pro Pro Ala
Ile Ala Lys 115 120 125Leu Thr Gln Leu His Tyr Leu Tyr Ile Thr His
Thr Asn Val Ser Gly 130 135 140Ala Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu Ser Gln Ile
Lys Thr Leu Val Thr Leu Asp145 150 155 160Phe Ser Tyr Asn Ala Leu
Ser Gly Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Ile Ser Ser 165 170 175Leu Pro Asn Leu
Gly Gly Ile Thr Phe Asp Gly Asn Arg Ile Ser Gly 180 185 190Ala Ile
Pro Asp Ser Tyr Gly Ser Phe Ser Lys Leu Phe Thr Ala Met 195 200
205Thr Ile Ser Arg Asn Arg Leu Thr Gly Lys Ile Pro Pro Thr Phe Ala
210 215 220Asn Leu Asn Leu Ala Phe Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Met Leu
Glu Gly225 230 235 240Asp Ala Ser Val Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Lys Asn
Thr Lys Lys Ile His 245 250 255Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Ala Phe Asp
Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Leu Ser 260 265 270Lys Asn Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp
Leu Arg Asn Asn Arg Ile Tyr Gly Thr 275 280 285Leu Pro Gln Gly Leu
Thr Gln Leu Lys Phe Leu Gln Ser Leu Asn Val 290 295 300Ser Phe Asn
Asn Leu Cys Gly Glu Ile Pro Gln Gly Gly Asn Leu Lys305 310 315
320Arg Phe Asp Val Ser Ser Tyr Ala Asn Asn Lys Cys Leu Cys Gly Ser
325 330 335Pro Leu Pro Ser Cys Thr 34024362PRTAspergillus niger
24Met His Ser Phe Ala Ser Leu Leu Ala Tyr Gly Leu Val Ala Gly Ala1
5 10 15Thr Phe Ala Ser Ala Ser Pro Ile Glu Ala Arg Asp Ser Cys Thr
Phe 20 25 30Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Lys Ala Lys Cys Ser
Thr Ile 35 40 45Thr Leu Asn Asn Ile Glu Val Pro Ala Gly Thr Thr Leu
Asp Leu Thr 50 55 60Gly Leu Thr Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Ile Phe Glu Gly
Thr Thr Thr Phe65 70 75 80Gln Tyr Glu Glu Trp Ala Gly Pro Leu Ile
Ser Met Ser Gly Glu His 85 90 95Ile Thr Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly His
Leu Ile Asn Cys Asp Gly Ala 100 105 110Arg Trp Trp Asp Gly Lys Gly
Thr Ser Gly Lys Lys Lys Pro Lys Phe 115 120 125Phe Tyr Ala His Gly
Leu Asp Ser Ser Ser Ile Thr Gly Leu Asn Ile 130 135 140Lys Asn Thr
Pro Leu Met Ala Phe Ser Val Gln Ala Asn Asp Ile Thr145 150 155
160Phe Thr Asp Val Thr Ile Asn Asn Ala Asp Gly Asp Thr Gln Gly Gly
165 170 175His Asn Thr Asp Ala Phe Asp Val Gly Asn Ser Val Gly Val
Asn Ile 180 185 190Ile Lys Pro Trp Val His Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Leu
Ala Val Asn Ser 195 200 205Gly Glu Asn Ile Trp Phe Thr Gly Gly Thr
Cys Ile Gly Gly His Gly 210 215 220Leu Ser Ile Gly Ser Val Gly Asp
Arg Ser Asn Asn Val Val Lys Asn225 230 235 240Val Thr Ile Glu His
Ser Thr Val Ser Asn Ser Glu Asn Ala Val Arg 245 250 255Ile Lys Thr
Ile Ser Gly Ala Thr Gly Ser Val Ser Glu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270Ser
Asn Ile Val Met Ser Gly Ile Ser Asp Tyr Gly Val Val Ile Gln 275 280
285Gln Asp Tyr Glu Asp Gly Lys
Pro Thr Gly Lys Pro Thr Asn Gly Val 290 295 300Thr Ile Gln Asp Val
Lys Leu Glu Ser Val Thr Gly Ser Val Asp Ser305 310 315 320Gly Ala
Thr Glu Ile Tyr Leu Leu Cys Gly Ser Gly Ser Cys Ser Asp 325 330
335Trp Thr Trp Asp Asp Val Lys Val Thr Gly Gly Lys Lys Ser Thr Ala
340 345 350Cys Lys Asn Phe Pro Ser Val Ala Ser Cys 355
36025342PRTPhaseolus vulgaris 25Met Thr Gln Phe Asn Ile Pro Val Thr
Met Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Ile1 5 10 15Ile Leu Val Ile Leu Val Ser Leu
Arg Thr Ala Leu Ser Glu Leu Cys 20 25 30Asn Pro Gln Asp Lys Gln Ala
Leu Leu Gln Ile Lys Lys Asp Leu Gly 35 40 45Asn Pro Thr Thr Leu Ser
Ser Trp Leu Pro Thr Thr Asp Cys Cys Asn 50 55 60Arg Thr Trp Leu Gly
Val Leu Cys Asp Thr Asp Thr Gln Thr Tyr Arg65 70 75 80Val Asn Asn
Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly His Asn Leu Pro Lys Pro Tyr Pro 85 90 95Ile Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Asn Phe Leu Tyr Ile 100 105
110Gly Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Pro Ile Pro Pro Ala Ile Ala Lys
115 120 125Leu Thr Gln Leu His Tyr Leu Tyr Ile Thr His Thr Asn Val
Ser Gly 130 135 140Ala Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu Ser Gln Ile Lys Thr Leu
Val Thr Leu Asp145 150 155 160Phe Ser Tyr Asn Ala Leu Ser Gly Thr
Leu Pro Pro Ser Ile Ser Ser 165 170 175Leu Pro Asn Leu Val Gly Ile
Thr Phe Asp Gly Asn Arg Ile Ser Gly 180 185 190Ala Ile Pro Asp Ser
Tyr Gly Ser Phe Ser Lys Leu Phe Thr Ser Met 195 200 205Thr Ile Ser
Arg Asn Arg Leu Thr Gly Lys Ile Pro Pro Thr Phe Ala 210 215 220Asn
Leu Asn Leu Ala Phe Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Met Leu Gln Gly225 230
235 240Asp Ala Ser Val Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Lys Asn Thr Gln Lys Ile
His 245 250 255Leu Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Asp Phe Asp Leu Glu Lys Val
Gly Leu Ser 260 265 270Lys Asn Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp Leu Arg Asn Asn
Arg Ile Tyr Gly Thr 275 280 285Leu Pro Gln Gly Leu Thr Gln Leu Lys
Phe Leu His Ser Leu Asn Val 290 295 300Ser Phe Asn Asn Leu Cys Gly
Glu Ile Pro Gln Gly Gly Asn Leu Gln305 310 315 320Arg Phe Asp Val
Ser Ala Tyr Ala Asn Asn Lys Cys Leu Cys Gly Ser 325 330 335Pro Leu
Pro Ala Cys Thr 34026330PRTMalus domestica 26Met Glu Leu Lys Phe
Ser Ile Phe Leu Ser Leu Thr Leu Leu Phe Ser1 5 10 15Ser Val Leu Lys
Pro Ala Leu Ser Asp Leu Cys Asn Pro Asp Asp Lys 20 25 30Lys Val Leu
Leu Gln Ile Lys Lys Ala Phe Gly Asp Pro Tyr Val Leu 35 40 45Thr Ser
Trp Lys Ser Asp Thr Asp Cys Cys Asp Trp Tyr Cys Val Thr 50 55 60Cys
Asp Ser Thr Thr Asn Arg Ile Asn Ser Leu Thr Ile Phe Ala Gly65 70 75
80Gln Val Ser Gly Gln Ile Pro Ala Leu Val Gly Asp Leu Pro Tyr Leu
85 90 95Glu Thr Leu Glu Phe His Lys Gln Pro Asn Leu Thr Gly Pro Ile
Gln 100 105 110Pro Ala Ile Ala Lys Leu Lys Gly Leu Lys Phe Leu Arg
Leu Ser Trp 115 120 125Thr Asn Leu Ser Gly Ser Val Pro Asp Phe Leu
Ser Gln Leu Lys Asn 130 135 140Leu Thr Phe Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn
Asn Leu Thr Gly Ala Ile Pro145 150 155 160Ser Ser Leu Ser Gln Leu
Pro Asn Leu Asn Ala Leu His Leu Asp Arg 165 170 175Asn Lys Leu Thr
Gly His Ile Pro Lys Ser Leu Gly Gln Phe Ile Gly 180 185 190Asn Val
Pro Asp Leu Tyr Leu Ser His Asn Gln Leu Ser Gly Asn Ile 195 200
205Pro Thr Ser Phe Ala Gln Met Asp Phe Thr Ser Ile Asp Leu Ser Arg
210 215 220Asn Lys Leu Glu Gly Asp Ala Ser Val Ile Phe Gly Leu Asn
Lys Thr225 230 235 240Thr Gln Ile Val Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Leu Leu
Glu Phe Asn Leu Ser 245 250 255Lys Val Glu Phe Pro Thr Ser Leu Thr
Ser Leu Asp Ile Asn His Asn 260 265 270Lys Ile Tyr Gly Ser Ile Pro
Val Glu Phe Thr Gln Leu Asn Phe Gln 275 280 285Phe Leu Asn Val Ser
Tyr Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly Gln Ile Pro Val Gly 290 295 300Gly Lys Leu
Gln Ser Phe Asp Glu Tyr Ser Tyr Phe His Asn Arg Cys305 310 315
320Leu Cys Gly Ala Pro Leu Pro Ser Cys Lys 325
33027362PRTColletotrichum lupini var setosum 27Met Val Ser Ser Leu
Leu Ala Leu Gly Ala Leu Ala Ala Thr Ala Ile1 5 10 15Ala Ala Pro Leu
Asp Ala Arg Ala Ser Cys Thr Phe Thr Asp Ala Ala 20 25 30Ala Ala Ile
Lys Gly Lys Ala Ser Cys Thr Ser Ile Ile Leu Asn Gly 35 40 45Ile Val
Val Pro Ala Gly Thr Thr Leu Asp Met Thr Gly Leu Lys Ser 50 55 60Gly
Thr Thr Val Thr Phe Gln Gly Lys Thr Thr Phe Gly Tyr Lys Glu65 70 75
80Trp Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Ser Phe Ser Gly Thr Asn Ile Asn Ile Asn
85 90 95Gly Ala Ser Gly His Ser Ile Asp Cys Gln Gly Ser Arg Trp Trp
Asp 100 105 110Ser Lys Gly Ser Asn Gly Gly Lys Thr Lys Pro Lys Phe
Phe Tyr Ala 115 120 125His Ser Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Ile Lys Gly Leu
Asn Val Leu Asn Thr 130 135 140Pro Val Gln Ala Phe Ser Ile Asn Ser
Ala Thr Thr Leu Gly Val Tyr145 150 155 160Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Asn
Ser Ala Gly Asp Ser Ala Gly Gly His Asn 165 170 175Thr Asp Ala Phe
Asp Val Gly Ser Ser Thr Gly Val Tyr Ile Ser Gly 180 185 190Ala Asn
Val Lys Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Leu Ala Ile Asn Ser Gly Thr 195 200
205Asn Ile Thr Phe Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys Ser Gly Gly His Gly Leu Ser
210 215 220Ile Gly Ser Val Gly Gly Arg Ser Asp Asn Thr Val Lys Thr
Val Thr225 230 235 240Ile Ser Asn Ser Lys Ile Val Asn Ser Asp Asn
Gly Val Arg Ile Lys 245 250 255Thr Val Ser Gly Ala Thr Gly Ser Val
Ser Gly Val Thr Tyr Ser Gly 260 265 270Ile Thr Leu Ser Asn Ile Ala
Lys Tyr Gly Ile Val Ile Glu Gln Asp 275 280 285Tyr Glu Asn Gly Ser
Pro Thr Gly Thr Pro Thr Asn Gly Val Pro Ile 290 295 300Thr Gly Leu
Thr Leu Ser Lys Ile Thr Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Gly305 310 315
320Thr Asn Val Tyr Ile Leu Cys Ala Ser Gly Ala Cys Ser Asn Trp Lys
325 330 335Trp Ser Gly Val Ser Val Thr Gly Gly Lys Lys Ser Thr Lys
Cys Ser 340 345 350Asn Ile Pro Ser Gly Ser Gly Ala Ala Cys 355
36028333PRTVitis vinifera 28Met Glu Thr Ser Lys Leu Phe Leu Leu Ser
Ser Ser Leu Leu Leu Val1 5 10 15Leu Leu Ala Thr Arg Pro Cys Pro Ser
Leu Ser Glu Arg Cys Asn Pro 20 25 30Lys Asp Lys Lys Val Leu Leu Gln
Ile Lys Lys Ala Leu Asp Thr Pro 35 40 45Tyr Ile Leu Ala Ser Trp Asn
Pro Asn Thr Asp Cys Cys Gly Trp Tyr 50 55 60Cys Val Glu Cys Asp Leu
Thr Thr His Arg Ile Asn Ser Leu Thr Ile65 70 75 80Phe Ser Gly Gln
Leu Ser Gly Gln Ile Pro Asp Ala Val Gly Asp Leu 85 90 95Pro Phe Leu
Glu Thr Leu Ile Phe Arg Lys Leu Ser Asn Leu Thr Gly 100 105 110Gln
Ile Pro Pro Ala Ile Ala Lys Leu Lys His Leu Lys Met Val Arg 115 120
125Leu Ser Trp Thr Asn Leu Phe Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Phe Phe Ser Glu
130 135 140Leu Lys Asn Leu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Asn Leu
Ser Gly145 150 155 160Pro Ile Pro Gly Ser Leu Ser Leu Leu Pro Asn
Leu Gly Ala Leu His 165 170 175Ile Asp Arg Asn His Leu Thr Gly Pro
Ile Pro Asp Ser Phe Gly Lys 180 185 190Phe Ala Gly Ser Thr Pro Gly
Leu His Leu Ser His Asn Gln Leu Ser 195 200 205Gly Lys Ile Pro Tyr
Ser Phe Arg Gly Phe Asp Pro Asn Val Met Asp 210 215 220Leu Ser Arg
Asn Lys Leu Glu Gly Asp Leu Ser Ile Phe Phe Asn Ala225 230 235
240Asn Lys Ser Thr Gln Ile Val Asp Phe Ser Arg Asn Leu Phe Gln Phe
245 250 255Asp Leu Ser Arg Val Glu Phe Pro Lys Ser Leu Thr Ser Leu
Asp Leu 260 265 270Ser His Asn Lys Ile Ala Gly Ser Leu Pro Glu Met
Met Thr Ser Leu 275 280 285Asp Leu Gln Phe Leu Asn Val Ser Tyr Asn
Arg Leu Cys Gly Lys Ile 290 295 300Pro Val Gly Gly Lys Leu Gln Ser
Phe Asp Tyr Asp Ser Tyr Phe His305 310 315 320Asn Arg Cys Leu Cys
Gly Ala Pro Leu Gln Ser Cys Lys 325 33029374PRTBotrytis cinerea
29Met Val His Ile Thr Ser Leu Ile Ser Phe Leu Ala Ser Thr Ala Leu1
5 10 15Val Ser Ala Ala Pro Gly Ser Ala Pro Ala Asp Leu Asp Arg Arg
Ala 20 25 30Gly Cys Thr Phe Ser Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Ile Ala Ser Lys
Thr Thr 35 40 45Cys Ser Thr Ile Ile Leu Asp Ser Val Val Val Pro Ala
Gly Thr Thr 50 55 60Leu Asp Leu Thr Gly Leu Lys Thr Gly Thr Lys Val
Ile Phe Gln Gly65 70 75 80Thr Ala Thr Phe Gly Tyr Ser Glu Trp Glu
Gly Pro Leu Ile Ser Ile 85 90 95Ser Gly Gln Asp Ile Val Val Thr Gly
Ala Ser Gly Asn Lys Ile Asp 100 105 110Gly Gly Gly Ala Arg Trp Trp
Asp Gly Leu Gly Ser Asn Val Ser Ala 115 120 125Gly Lys Gly Lys Val
Lys Pro Lys Phe Phe Ser Ala His Lys Leu Thr 130 135 140Gly Ser Ser
Ser Ile Thr Gly Leu Asn Phe Leu Asn Ala Pro Val Gln145 150 155
160Cys Ile Ser Ile Gly Gln Ser Val Gly Leu Ser Leu Ile Asn Ile Asn
165 170 175Ile Asp Asn Ser Ala Gly Asp Ala Gly Asn Leu Gly His Asn
Thr Asp 180 185 190Ala Phe Asp Ile Asn Leu Ser Gln Asn Ile Phe Ile
Ser Gly Ala Ile 195 200 205Val Lys Asn Gln Asp Asp Cys Val Ala Val
Asn Ser Gly Thr Asn Ile 210 215 220Thr Phe Thr Gly Gly Asn Cys Ser
Gly Gly His Gly Leu Ser Ile Gly225 230 235 240Ser Val Gly Gly Arg
Ser Gly Thr Gly Ala Asn Asp Val Lys Asp Val 245 250 255Arg Phe Leu
Ser Ser Thr Val Gln Lys Ser Thr Asn Gly Val Arg Val 260 265 270Lys
Thr Val Ser Asp Thr Lys Gly Ser Val Thr Gly Val Thr Phe Gln 275 280
285Asp Ile Thr Leu Ile Gly Ile Thr Gly Val Gly Ile Asp Val Gln Gln
290 295 300Asp Tyr Gln Asn Gly Ser Pro Thr Gly Thr Pro Thr Asn Gly
Val Pro305 310 315 320Ile Thr Gly Leu Thr Met Asn Asn Val His Gly
Asn Val Ile Gly Gly 325 330 335Gln Asn Thr Tyr Ile Leu Cys Ala Asn
Cys Ser Gly Trp Thr Trp Asn 340 345 350Lys Val Ala Val Thr Gly Gly
Thr Val Lys Lys Ala Cys Ala Gly Val 355 360 365Pro Thr Gly Ala Ser
Cys 37030330PRTArabidopsis thaliana 30Met Asp Lys Thr Ala Thr Leu
Cys Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Thr Phe Leu1 5 10 15Thr Thr Cys Leu Ser Lys
Asp Leu Cys Asn Gln Asn Asp Lys Asn Thr 20 25 30Leu Leu Lys Ile Lys
Lys Ser Leu Asn Asn Pro Tyr His Leu Ala Ser 35 40 45Trp Asp Pro Gln
Thr Asp Cys Cys Ser Trp Tyr Cys Leu Glu Cys Gly 50 55 60Asp Ala Thr
Val Asn His Arg Val Thr Ala Leu Thr Ile Phe Ser Gly65 70 75 80Gln
Ile Ser Gly Gln Ile Pro Ala Glu Val Gly Asp Leu Pro Tyr Leu 85 90
95Glu Thr Leu Val Phe Arg Lys Leu Ser Asn Leu Thr Gly Thr Ile Gln
100 105 110Pro Thr Ile Ala Lys Leu Lys Asn Leu Arg Met Leu Arg Leu
Ser Trp 115 120 125Thr Asn Leu Thr Gly Pro Ile Pro Asp Phe Ile Ser
Gln Leu Lys Asn 130 135 140Leu Glu Phe Leu Glu Leu Ser Phe Asn Asp
Leu Ser Gly Ser Ile Pro145 150 155 160Ser Ser Leu Ser Thr Leu Pro
Lys Ile Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Ser Arg 165 170 175Asn Lys Leu Thr Gly
Ser Ile Pro Glu Ser Phe Gly Ser Phe Pro Gly 180 185 190Thr Val Pro
Asp Leu Arg Leu Ser His Asn Gln Leu Ser Gly Pro Ile 195 200 205Pro
Lys Ser Leu Gly Asn Ile Asp Phe Asn Arg Ile Asp Leu Ser Arg 210 215
220Asn Lys Leu Gln Gly Asp Ala Ser Met Leu Phe Gly Ser Asn Lys
Thr225 230 235 240Thr Trp Ser Ile Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Met Phe Gln
Phe Asp Ile Ser 245 250 255Lys Val Asp Ile Pro Lys Thr Leu Gly Ile
Leu Asp Leu Asn His Asn 260 265 270Gly Ile Thr Gly Asn Ile Pro Val
Gln Trp Thr Glu Ala Pro Leu Gln 275 280 285Phe Phe Asn Val Ser Tyr
Asn Lys Leu Cys Gly His Ile Pro Thr Gly 290 295 300Gly Lys Leu Gln
Thr Phe Asp Ser Tyr Ser Tyr Phe His Asn Lys Cys305 310 315 320Leu
Cys Gly Ala Pro Leu Glu Ile Cys Lys 325 33031330PRTArabidopsis
thaliana 31Met Asp Lys Thr Met Thr Leu Phe Leu Leu Leu Ser Thr Leu
Leu Leu1 5 10 15Thr Thr Ser Leu Ala Lys Asp Leu Cys His Lys Asp Asp
Lys Thr Thr 20 25 30Leu Leu Lys Ile Lys Lys Ser Leu Asn Asn Pro Tyr
His Leu Ala Ser 35 40 45Trp Asp Pro Lys Thr Asp Cys Cys Ser Trp Tyr
Cys Leu Glu Cys Gly 50 55 60Asp Ala Thr Val Asn His Arg Val Thr Ser
Leu Ile Ile Gln Asp Gly65 70 75 80Glu Ile Ser Gly Gln Ile Pro Pro
Glu Val Gly Asp Leu Pro Tyr Leu 85 90 95Thr Ser Leu Ile Phe Arg Lys
Leu Thr Asn Leu Thr Gly His Ile Gln 100 105 110Pro Thr Ile Ala Lys
Leu Lys Asn Leu Thr Phe Leu Arg Leu Ser Trp 115 120 125Thr Asn Leu
Thr Gly Pro Val Pro Glu Phe Leu Ser Gln Leu Lys Asn 130 135 140Leu
Glu Tyr Ile Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Asp Leu Ser Gly Ser Ile Pro145 150
155 160Ser Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Lys Leu Glu Tyr Leu Glu Leu Ser
Arg 165 170 175Asn Lys Leu Thr Gly Pro Ile Pro Glu Ser Phe Gly Thr
Phe Ser Gly 180 185 190Lys Val Pro Ser Leu Phe Leu Ser His Asn Gln
Leu Ser Gly Thr Ile 195 200 205Pro Lys Ser Leu Gly Asn Pro Asp Phe
Tyr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ser Arg 210 215 220Asn Lys Leu Gln Gly Asp Ala
Ser Ile Leu Phe Gly Ala Lys Lys Thr225 230 235 240Thr Trp Ile Val
Asp Ile Ser Arg Asn Met Phe Gln Phe Asp Leu Ser 245 250 255Lys Val
Lys Leu Ala Lys Thr Leu Asn Asn Leu Asp Met Asn His Asn 260 265
270Gly Ile Thr Gly Ser Ile Pro Ala Glu Trp Ser Lys Ala Tyr Phe Gln
275 280 285Leu Leu Asn Val Ser Tyr Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly Arg Ile Pro
Lys Gly 290 295 300Glu Tyr Ile Gln Arg Phe Asp Ser Tyr Ser Phe
Phe
His Asn Lys Cys305 310 315 320Leu Cys Gly Ala Pro Leu Pro Ser Cys
Lys 325 330
* * * * *