U.S. patent number 10,384,691 [Application Number 15/093,362] was granted by the patent office on 2019-08-20 for method and system for setback modular platform with integrated shuttle platform.
This patent grant is currently assigned to NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION. The grantee listed for this patent is NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Edward Boryn, Toniya Camilleri, Kyle Giannaula, Christopher Kattola, Robert Kokx, Glenn Ludemann, Gary Talbot.
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United States Patent |
10,384,691 |
Talbot , et al. |
August 20, 2019 |
Method and system for setback modular platform with integrated
shuttle platform
Abstract
A modular platform system includes a setback platform system for
a shared track rail system on a ground level. The shared track rail
system is usable by a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle
and a freight vehicle. The setback platform includes a first path
at a first height with respect to the ground level. The setback
platform also includes a shuttle platform. The shuttle platform is
at a second height in a first position different from the first
height. The shuttle platform is configured to be moved from the
first position to a second position different from the first
position. A front edge of the shuttle platform is farther away from
a centerline of the shared track rail system if the shuttle
platform is in the first portion than if the shuttle platform is in
the second position.
Inventors: |
Talbot; Gary (Wilmington,
DE), Giannaula; Kyle (Philadelphia, PA), Kokx; Robert
(Sterling Heights, MI), Kattola; Christopher (Sterling
Heights, MI), Boryn; Edward (Commerce Township, MI),
Camilleri; Toniya (Clay, MI), Ludemann; Glenn
(Chesterfield, MI) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION |
Washington |
DC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER
CORPORATION (Washington, DC)
|
Family
ID: |
57111684 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/093,362 |
Filed: |
April 7, 2016 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20160297450 A1 |
Oct 13, 2016 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62144739 |
Apr 8, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61B
1/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B61B
1/02 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Smith; Jason C
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Donovan; Gerard M. Reed Smith
LLP
Parent Case Text
PRIORITY CLAIM
The present application claims priority of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 62/144,739, filed Apr. 8, 2015, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A modular platform system, comprising: a setback platform system
for a shared track rail system on a ground level, the setback
platform comprising: a first path at a first height with respect to
the ground level; a shuttle platform, the shuttle platform being at
a second height in a first position different from the first
height, and configured to be moved from the first position to a
second position different from the first position, wherein a front
edge of the shuttle platform is farther away from a centerline of
the shared track rail system if the shuttle platform is in the
first portion than if the shuttle platform is in the second
position; a first modular platform member proximate to a first end
of the setback platform; and a second modular platform member
proximate to a second end of the setback platform opposite the
first end, wherein each of the first modular platform member and
the second modular platform member comprises: a heating element; a
wire lead coupled with the heating element and configured to be
coupled with an additional wire lead from an adjacent modular
platform member; and a controller component configured to manage an
electric current through the heating element of the first modular
platform member or the second modular platform member.
2. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured to be moved in a linear direction toward and
away from the centerline of the shared rail track system.
3. The modular platform system of claim 2, wherein the linear
direction is in a plane substantially parallel to the ground
level.
4. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured to be moved in a non-linear direction toward
and away from the centerline of the shared rail track system.
5. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured such that at least a portion of the shuttle
platform is under the first path if the shuttle platform is in the
first position.
6. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured such that the shuttle platform is entirely
under the first path if the shuttle platform is in the first
position.
7. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the first height
is greater than the second height.
8. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the second
height is greater than the first height.
9. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the front edge
of the shuttle platform is at least a predetermined distance away
from the centerline of the shared rail track system if the shuttle
platform is in the first position.
10. The modular platform system of claim 9, wherein the
predetermined distance is nine (9) feet.
11. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the front edge
of the shuttle platform is between about five (5) feet six (6)
inches and about five (5) feet eight (8) inches away from the
centerline of the shared track rail system if the shuttle platform
is in the second position.
12. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured to provide a second path if the shuttle
platform is in the second position to allow passengers to board a
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle.
13. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform is configured to provide a second path that allows travel
about the setback platform if the shuttle platform is in the first
position, and moving the shuttle platform from the first position
to the second position expands the second path.
14. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein at least one of
the first modular platform member or the second modular platform
member comprises a frame assembly configured to support the first
path.
15. The modular platform system of claim 14, wherein the first path
comprises concrete.
16. The modular platform system of claim 1, wherein the shuttle
platform comprises a shuttle platform heating element; and the
controller component is further configured to manage the electric
current through the shuttle platform heating element.
17. The modular platform system of claim 1, further comprising: a
support structure extending upward from the ground level and
configured to support to the shuttle platform.
18. A modular platform system, comprising: a setback platform
system for a shared track rail system on a ground level, the
setback platform comprising: a first path at a first height with
respect to the ground level; a shuttle platform, the shuttle
platform being at a second height in a first position different
from the first height, and configured to be moved from the first
position to a second position different from the first position,
wherein a front edge of the shuttle platform is farther away from a
centerline of the shared track rail system if the shuttle platform
is in the first portion than if the shuttle platform is in the
second position; a first modular platform member on a first side of
the shuttle platform; and a second modular platform member on a
second side of the shuttle platform opposite the first side,
wherein the first modular platform member and the second modular
platform member are block-shaped, and the first path comprises the
first modular platform member and the second modular platform
member; and wherein each of the first modular platform member and
the second modular platform member comprises: a heating element; a
wire lead coupled with the heating element and configured to be
coupled with an additional wire lead from an adjacent modular
platform member; and a controller component configured to manage an
electric current through the heating element of the first modular
platform member or the second modular platform member.
19. A method, comprising: requesting to move one or more modular
platform member of a shuttle platform of a setback platform from a
first position to a second position, the setback platform being
configured to service a shared track rail system, and having a
first path at a first height with respect to a ground level and a
second path at a second height with respect to the ground level;
wherein the shuttle platform comprises: a first modular platform
member on a first side of the shuttle platform; and a second
modular platform member on a second side of the shuttle platform
opposite the first side, wherein each of the first modular platform
member and the second modular platform member comprises: a heating
element a wire lead coupled with the heating element and configured
to be coupled with an additional wire lead from an adjacent modular
platform member; and a controller component configured to manage an
electric current through the heating element of the first modular
platform member or the second modular platform member moving the
shuttle platform based on the request toward the shared rail
system, wherein moving the shuttle platform toward the shared rail
system causes a width of the second path to increase; and stopping
movement of the shuttle platform based on a detected motion between
the setback platform and the shared track rail system.
Description
BACKGROUND
Shared track rail systems are used by freight rail vehicles and
commuter, regional and intercity passenger rail vehicles. Freight
rail vehicles often transport non-human cargo. Commuter, regional
and intercity rail vehicles transport passengers. Regulations for
shared track rail systems are sometimes different from regulations
for rail systems that are exclusive to one of freight rail vehicles
or commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicles. For example, the
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulates a distance between
a centerline of a shared track rail system and a platform based on
the height of the platform relative to the top of rail (TOR). If
the platform is at approximately 8 inch above top of rail (ATR) or
lower, the platform is considered a low platform, and the distance
from the edge of the platform to the centerline of the track is
less. All trains will have the ability to pass over the low
platform unimpeded. If the platform is higher than 8 inches ATR,
the platform is set back further from the centerline of the track
depending on if the track is shared use with freight or passenger
only. As the height of the platform ATR is increased (up to
approximately 48 inches ATR) the platform is setback from the
centerline of the track to allow all trains to pass freely. At
passenger only track locations, the required horizontal gap between
the edge of the high platform (48 inch ATR) and the floor of a
passenger train car is approximately 8 inches. However, when wider
freight trains share the same tracks with passenger rail cars, the
clearance requirement for the high level or level boarding
platforms is significantly increased which can result in an
approximately 48 inch horizontal gap between the edge of the level
boarding platform (setback) and the floor of the passenger rail
car. The distance between the centerline of the shared track rail
system and the edge of a level boarding platform sometimes results
in a gap between a rail car and the platform that must be crossed
to board and exit the rail car.
Conventional commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicles often
include a steep incline of steps for boarding and exiting the
vehicle when the platform used is low level (non-level boarding).
Such steps sometimes make entry and exit difficult for some
passengers. For example, individuals who use a wheeled mobility
device (e.g., wheelchair, motorized assistance vehicle, etc.) are
often unable to enter or exit the commuter, regional and intercity
rail vehicles without a steep ramp or a station based mobile lift.
A setback platform adds additional difficulties with boarding and
exiting commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicles because of
the gap between the setback platform and the rail vehicle, because
of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way
Association (AREMA) and FRA regulated distance between the platform
and the centerline of the shared rail track system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the
following detailed description when read with the accompanying
figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice
in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact,
the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased
or reduced for clarity of discussion.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a setback platform system, in a
cross-sectional view, that includes a shuttle platform in a first
position in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a setback platform system, in a
cross-sectional view, that includes a shuttle platform in a second
position in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a shuttle platform, in a top view,
that includes a shuttle platform in a first position in accordance
with some embodiments.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a shuttle platform, in a top view,
that includes a shuttle platform in a second position in accordance
with some embodiments.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a setback platform system, in a top
view, with a shuttle platform in a first position in accordance
with some embodiments.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of a setback platform system, in a top
view, with a shuttle platform in a second position in accordance
with some embodiments.
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a modular platform member for a
setback platform system in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 8 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 9 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 10 is an illustration of an embodiment of a frame assembly for
a modular platform member used with a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of an embodiment of a frame assembly for
a modular platform member used with a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 12 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 13 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 14 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 15 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 16 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 17 is an illustration of a setback platform system in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system by which
one or more embodiments is implemented.
APPENDIX A is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX B is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX C is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX D is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX E is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX F is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification;
APPENDIX G is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this specification;
and
APPENDIX H is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification.
APPENDIX I is a document that describes aspects of the claimed
subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this
specification.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or
examples, for implementing different features of the provided
subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements
are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are,
of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For
example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second
feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in
which the first and second features are formed in direct contact,
and may also include embodiments in which additional features may
be formed between the first and second features, such that the
first and second features may not be in direct contact. In
addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals
and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the
purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a
relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations
discussed.
Further, spatially relative terms, such as "beneath," "below,"
"lower," "above," "upper" and the like, may be used herein for ease
of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to
another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The
spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different
orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the
orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise
oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the
spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be
interpreted accordingly.
The discussed embodiments relate to methods and systems for a
modular platform system configured to facilitate loading a
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle on a shared track
rail system. The shared track rail system is on a ground level that
is used by a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle and a
freight vehicle. The modular platform system includes a shuttle
platform configured to be moved in a linear plane that is
substantially parallel to the ground level from a first position to
a second position and/or the second position to the first position.
In some embodiments, the shuttle platform is associated with a
setback platform that includes one or more modular platform
members. In some embodiments, at least one modular platform member
includes one or more frames, a material encased within the one or
more frames, at least one heating element, and a wire lead
configured to be coupled to a controller component or coupled to an
additional wire lead of another modular platform member. In some
embodiments, the material encased within the one or more frames
comprises concrete. For ease of understanding, this description
refers to the material encased within the one or more frames as
concrete, but the material encased within the one or more frames is
capable of comprising one or more of concrete, cement, a composite
material, a binding material, a polymer, a metal, wood, a
substantially solidified material, some other suitable material, or
combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the shuttle platform is configured to provide
a walkway for one or more passengers to load or unload from a
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle that runs on the
shared track. In some embodiments, the shuttle platform is
associated with a setback platform that provides a first path and a
second path. The first path is substantially parallel to a
centerline of the shared track and the second path is substantially
parallel to the centerline of the shared track. The first path is
at a first height with respect to the ground level, the second path
is at a second height with respect to the ground level, and the
first path and the second path are adjacent to one another. In some
embodiments, at least a portion of the shuttle platform comprises
the second path. In some embodiments, the first height is greater
than the second height, and the shuttle platform is configured to
be moved in a substantially linear motion from the first position
to the second position, wherein at least a portion of the shuttle
platform is under the first path in the first position.
In some embodiments, the first position is a non-loading position
in which a portion of the shuttle platform is under a portion of
the first path. In the non-loading position, the shuttle platform
is not deployed and a front edge of the shuttle platform is
separated from the centerline of the shared track by a
predetermined distance. In some embodiments, the predetermined
distance is about nine (9) feet. In some embodiments, the
predetermined distance is greater than nine feet. In other
embodiments, the predetermined distance is less than nine feet. In
some embodiments, the front edge of the shuttle platform is
parallel to the centerline of the track. In other embodiments, the
front edge of the shuttle platform is substantially parallel to the
centerline of the track. In some embodiments, the front edge of the
shuttle platform has one or more portions that are separated from
the centerline of the track by a distance other than the
predetermined distance.
In some embodiments, the shuttle platform includes one or more
railings configured to provide a visual warning and physical
protection for safety. In some embodiments, the shuttle platform
includes one or more motion sensors configured to detect a motion.
In some embodiments, a signal is generated by the one or more
motion sensors based on a detected motion that causes an alert to
prevent movement of the shuttle platform.
The term "shared track" as used herein (also referred to as a
"shared track rail system") can be defined as rail track of a
general railroad system that is used for both commuter, regional
and intercity rail and freight railroad operations.
The term "vehicle" as used herein can be defined as a mobile
machine or a moveable transportation device that transports at
least one of a person, people, or a cargo. For instance, a vehicle
can be, but is not limited to being, a rail car, an intermodal
container, a locomotive, a commuter, regional and intercity rail
car, or other suitable vessel for transporting at least one of a
person, people or cargo.
The term "component" as used herein can be defined as a portion of
hardware, a portion of software, or a combination thereof. A
portion of hardware can include at least a processor and a portion
of memory, wherein the memory includes an instruction to execute.
Additionally, "component" as used herein includes, but is not
limited to: any programmed, programmable, or other electronic
device or portion thereof that can store, retrieve, and/or process
data; one or more computer readable and/or executable instructions,
stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium/media, that cause
an electronic device to perform one or more functions, actions,
and/or behave in a desired manner as specified in the instructions;
or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the terms "component" and "system," as well as
forms thereof may intend to refer to a computer-related entity,
either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software,
or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is
not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a
processor, an object, an instance, an executable, a thread of
execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration,
both an application running on a computer and the computer can be a
component. One or more components may reside within a process
and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one
computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
The word "exemplary" or various forms thereof are used herein to
mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect
or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be
construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or
designs. Furthermore, examples are provided solely for purposes of
clarity and understanding and are not meant to limit or restrict
the claimed subject matter or relevant portions of this disclosure
in any manner. It is to be appreciated a myriad of additional or
alternate examples of varying scope could have been presented, but
have been omitted for purposes of brevity.
Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "includes," "contains,"
"has," "having" or variations in form thereof are used in either
the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to
be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as
"comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in
a claim.
FIGS. 1-2 are cross-sectional views of a setback platform system
100, in accordance with some embodiments. FIGS. 3-6 are top views
of a shuttle platform 102 in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates a setback platform system 100 with the shuttle
platform 102 in a first position. At least a portion of the shuttle
platform 102 is underneath a first path 104 in the first position.
In some embodiments, a portion of the shuttle platform 102 is
optionally underneath the first path 104 in the first position. In
other embodiments, no portion of the shuttle platform 102 is
underneath the first path 104 in the first position. In some
embodiments, the shuttle platform 102 is entirely underneath the
first path 104 in the first position.
The first path 104 and the shuttle platform 102 are configured to
provide a walkway or path for travel substantially parallel to a
centerline 506 of a shared track rail system 504 (shown in FIGS. 5
and 6). The first path 104 is at a first height above the ground
level 90. The shuttle platform 102 includes a front edge 502, a
rear edge 604 (shown in FIGS. 5 and 6) opposite thereto, wherein
the shuttle platform 102 is at a second height above the ground
level 90 such that the first height is greater than the second
height. In some embodiments, the first path 104 is higher than to
the shuttle platform 102 with respect to the ground level to
facilitate moving the shuttle platform 102 to underneath the first
path 104.
The setback platform system 100 includes the shuttle platform 102
and the first path 104. The setback platform system 100 is
configured as a structure for loading and/or unloading of
passengers onto a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle on
a shared track system. In some embodiments, the setback platform
system 100 is a structure that is above ground level. FRA
regulations establish that a distance of approximately nine (9)
feet should exist between the centerline of the shared track and
the setback platform to allow clearance for freight vehicles and
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicles that use the shared
track. In some embodiments, a predetermined distance exists between
the setback platform system 100 and the centerline 506 of a shared
track rail system 504 (shown in FIG. 5), resulting in a gap between
the front edge of the setback platform and a vehicle that uses the
shared track. The shuttle platform 102 incorporated into the
setback platform system 100 is configured to mitigate the gap by
moving from the first position to the second position and to
restore the predetermined distance by moving from the second
position to the first position.
The shuttle platform 102 includes a connect device 106 configured
to couple and decouple the shuttle platform 102 to a drive
component 112. The coupling and/or decoupling is at least one of a
powered, automated or manual process, or a combination thereof. The
drive component 112 is configured to move the shuttle platform 102
in a linear motion in a plane substantially parallel to the ground
level. In some embodiments, the drive component 112 is configured
to cause the shuttle platform to move in a non-linear motion toward
and/or away from the centerline of the shared track rail
system.
The shuttle platform 102 includes a guide system 108 that comprises
one or more rail guides 302 (e.g., illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4).
In some embodiments, a shaft 304 is configured to be used with the
drive component 112 to actuate the shuttle platform 102 between the
first position and the second position (and vice versa). In some
embodiments, the drive component 112 is powered by a power source
114. In some embodiments, shuttle platform 102 includes a
controller component 120 configured to control motion of the
shuttle platform 102.
In some embodiments, the controller component 120 is coupled with a
motion sensor 124 configured to detect motion. The controller
component 120 is configured to prevent the shuttle platform from
being moved from the first position to the second position (and/or
vice versa) if a motion is detected. A detected motion, for
example, is indicative that a person or object is in a path of the
shuttle platform 102.
In some embodiments, the controller component 120 is configured to
receive and/or transmit wireless signals related to control of the
shuttle platform 102. In some embodiments, a signal is communicated
from a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle on the shared
track that indicates a request for deployment of the shuttle
platform 102 from the first position to the second position, and
the controller component is configured to cause the shuttle
platform 102 to be deployed based on the signal. In some
embodiments, a signal is communicated from the controller component
120 to a device associated with one or more commuter, regional and
intercity rail vehicles indicating a state of the shuttle platform
102. In some embodiments, the state of the shuttle platform 102
comprises one or more of a status condition, an error code, an
alert, a failure notification, a portion of text, a graphic, an
audible signal, a visual signal, or other suitable status
indication or indicator.
In some embodiments, the controller component 120 is configured to
receive and/or transmit wireless signals related to control of a
heating element of one or more modular platform members that are
coupled or arranged to form the setback platform system 100. In
some embodiments, the setback platform system 100 includes one or
more controller components configured to manage motion, heating
elements, sensors, motion sensors, railing movement, barriers,
doors, lights, audible signals, weight sensors, and/or other
devices, components, or systems.
Referring to FIGS. 1-6, the shuttle platform 102 is configured to
move from the first position (illustrated in FIG. 1) to the second
position (illustrated in FIG. 2) in to mitigate a gap 606 that
exists between the front edge 502 of the shuttle platform 102 and
an edge of a vehicle 602 on the shared track located at or near the
setback platform system 100. FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional
view of the setback platform system 100 with the shuttle platform
102 in a first position that allows a freight vehicle to travel on
the shared track and/or allows a commuter, regional and intercity
rail vehicle to depart after loading and/or unloading passengers.
In some embodiments, the setback platform system 100 is configured
to allow a freight vehicle to travel on the shared track in
accordance with FRA regulations.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the setback platform system 100
with the shuttle platform 102 in a second position that allows for
loading and/or unloading of passengers to a commuter, regional and
intercity rail vehicle on a shared track rail system.
FIG. 3 is a top view 300 of the shuttle platform 102 without the
first path 104.
FIG. 4 is a top view 400 of the shuttle platform 102 without the
first path 104.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a setback platform system 500 that
illustrates a shared track rail system 504 having a centerline 506.
The shuttle platform 102 includes a front edge 502 that is a
distance 512 from the centerline 506. A portion of the shuttle
platform 102 is optionally under the first path 104 in the first
position, and a second portion 510 of the shuttle platform 102 is
configured to be used as a second path while in the first position.
In other words, while in the first position, the setback platform
system 600 can include the first path 104 parallel to the
centerline 506 and the second portion 510 of the shuttle platform
102 (also referred to as the second path). In some embodiments, the
first path 104 is substantially parallel to the centerline 506.
While in the first position, the front edge 502 of the shuttle
platform 102 is a predetermined distance from the centerline 506 of
the shared track rail system. In some embodiments, the
predetermined distance is about nine (9) feet from the centerline
506 of the shared track rail system, which allows freight vehicles
to travel on the shared track rail system in accordance with FRA
regulations. In some embodiments, the predetermined distance is
greater than nine (9) feet. In other embodiments, the predetermined
distance is less than nine (9) feet. In some embodiments, the front
edge 502 of the shuttle platform 102 has at least one portion that
is separated from the center line 506 of the shared track rail
system by a distance other than the predetermined distance, while a
different portion of the front edge of the shuttle platform 102 is
separated from the center line 506 of the shared track rail system
by the predetermined distance.
FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of a setback platform system 600 that
illustrates the shared track rail system 504 having the centerline
506 in which a vehicle 602 is traveling thereon. The shuttle
platform 102 is configured to move in a linear motion from the
first position (e.g., illustrated at least in FIGS. 1, 3, and 5) to
a second position which reduces a distance or gap 606 between the
front edge 502 and the vehicle 602. The linear motion of the
shuttle platform 102 extends toward the centerline 506 such that a
rear edge 604 of the shuttle platform is positioned adjacent and
proximate a front edge (toward the centerline 506) of the first
path 104. In the second position, the portion of the shuttle
platform 102 that was underneath the first path 104 is extended
toward the centerline 506 exposing a distance 608. By moving the
shuttle platform 102 to the second position, the first path 104
still includes a distance 610 to allow passage parallel to the
shared track 504 but also the shuttle platform 102 is a distance
612 from the centerline 506 which facilitates loading and/or
unloading passengers onto a commuter, regional and intercity rail
vehicle that is on the shared track rail system 504.
The shuttle platform 102 can be any suitable shape or size. It is
to be appreciated that although the shuttle platform 102 is
illustrated as a rectangle shape that holds a volume, but the
shuttle platform 102 may optionally be any suitable shape.
Moreover, the shuttle platform 102 has a length, width, and
thickness, wherein the shuttle platform 102 comprises any suitable
material. In some embodiments, the shuttle platform 102 comprises
at least one of a concrete, a metal, a steel, a composite material,
some other suitable material, or a combination thereof. It is to be
appreciated that the material composition of the shuttle platform
102 can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art and/or with
sound engineering judgment without departing from the scope of the
subject innovation.
FIG. 7 is an isometric view 700 of a modular platform member 701.
The setback platform system 100 includes the shuttle platform 102
and one or more modular platform members 701. In some embodiments,
each modular platform member 701 is customizable for a ground level
or height. In particular, each modular platform member 701 can be
coupled together to create the setback platform system 100.
Multiple modular platform members are capable of being coupled to
one another or positioned adjacent to one another to provide a
structure for loading or unloading to a rail system. The modularity
of the modular platform members 701 allows for elevation changes
from a ground level to a height where passengers load or unload
from a rail vehicle. Thus, not only to does the modularity account
for the various ground levels or elevations, but the modularity of
the modular platform members 701 can account for steps, slopes (up
or down), and various shapes or sizes used for the setback platform
system.
The modular platform members 701 further include electrical
connectivity between one another to allow for a uniform control of
the system via the controller component 120 (discussed above in
FIG. 1). The controller component 120 can manage one or more
modular platform members 701 and respective heating elements. For
example, the controller component 120 can control each modular
platform member 701 individually, a set of the modular platform
members 701, a subset of the modular platform members 701, or a
combination thereof. The controller component 120 can further
leverage sensors, geographic location, temperature, or other
parameters to control the heating element in one or more of the
modular platform members of the setback platform system 100.
The modular platform member 701 can include one or more fasteners,
members, or connectors. The fasteners, members, or connectors are
integrated into or coupled to the modular platform member and
configured to receive or attach one or more railings, guardrails,
handrails, fences, barriers, or other suitable structures.
The modular platform member 701 comprises a frame assembly 703,
wherein the frame assembly 703 includes a first support 705, a
second support opposite 707 the first support 705, and a cross
surface support 709. Each support comprises one or more of steel,
metal, or some other suitable material that can be a frame
configured to support a section of the setback platform system 100.
The first support 705, the second support 707, and the cross
surface support 709 are configured to receive a portion of concrete
and frame said portion of concrete. Upon receipt of the concrete or
other material, the modular platform member 701 can be used to
create the setback platform system 100.
In some embodiments, at least one modular platform member 701 is
customizable in terms of dimensions, size, shape, height, etc. In
some embodiments, a surface of the modular platform member 701 is
stepped, sloped, flat, or a combination thereof.
In an embodiment, concrete is a material used but it is to be
appreciated that various materials can be used to create the
setback platform system 100 in addition to or as an alternative of
concrete.
FIG. 8 illustrates a setback platform system 800 that includes the
shuttle platform 102, a modular platform member 804, a modular
platform member 804, a modular platform member 806, a modular
platform member 808, and modular platform member 810. Each modular
platform member can include a frame assembly corresponding to the
shape or dimensions for the constructed setback platform
system.
FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate a frame assembly 1001 in accordance with
some embodiments.
FIGS. 9 and 12-17 illustrate the setback platform system 900 having
a shuttle platform 102 and one or more modular platform members.
The modular platform members are one or more of individual members
that are arranged together or coupled to one another to create a
setback platform system 900 for a rail system. Each modular
platform member includes connection brackets allowing each concrete
section to be attached and connected in a modular fashion. In some
embodiments, each modular platform member includes an integrated
heating unit, capable of being connected with adjacent sections for
continuity among the setback platform system. In some embodiments,
the integrated heating unit comprises an integrated heating wire
and/or an electrical heat box assembly. In some embodiments, the
electrical heat box assembly is or includes the controller
component 120. In other embodiments, the electrical heat box
assembly comprises a separate controller component different from
the controller component 120. In some embodiments, at least one
modular platform member has an integrated guard rail. In some
embodiments, each modular platform member is configured to receive
a guardrail configured to be attached to the modular platform
member. In some embodiments, at least one modular platform member
includes threaded inserts for guard rail attachment. In some
embodiments, at least one modular platform member is configured to
accommodate a canopy attachment, a roof, an overhang, an overhead
structure, or some other suitable structure. In some embodiments,
one or more modular platform members has a strength rating of at
least 150 pounds per square inch. In some embodiments, the setback
platform system is comprises embossed coverings or finishes. In
some embodiments, each modular platform member can includes a break
away edge.
The aforementioned systems (e.g., the shuttle platform 102, the
controller component 120, the modular platform member, etc.),
architectures, environments, and the like have been described with
respect to interaction between several components and/or elements.
It should be appreciated that such components, devices, and
elements can include those elements or sub-elements specified
therein, some of the specified elements or sub-elements, and/or
additional elements. Further yet, one or more elements and/or
sub-elements may be combined into a single component to provide
aggregate functionality. The elements may also interact with one or
more other elements not specifically described herein for the sake
of brevity, but known by those of skill in the art.
In some embodiments, a support structure is incorporated into the
setback platform and affixed to the ground level to provide
structural support to the shuttle platform. In some embodiments, a
guide system is coupled to the shuttle platform for the linear
movement. In some embodiments, a drive component is configured to
actuate the shuttle platform. In some embodiments, a motion sensor
is configured to detect a movement in an area between the front
edge and the centerline, wherein the drive component is disabled
based on a detection of the movement. In some embodiments, a remote
signal is communicated from the commuter, regional and intercity
rail vehicle to activate the linear movement of the shuttle
platform from at least one of the first position to the second
position or the second position to the first position.
In some embodiments, the setback platform system includes a
solenoid device is configured to control a physical connection
between a bottom portion of the shuttle platform and a guide system
that is actuated in the linear movement with a screw drive. In some
embodiments, the setback platform system includes a disconnect
device configured to disconnect the physical connection between a
bottom portion of the shuttle platform and the guide system to
prevent the screw drive from providing the linear movement, wherein
the disconnect device is configured to connect a gear mechanism
that is configured to provide the linear movement rather than the
screw drive.
In some embodiments, the setback platform system includes a power
source configured to deliver electrical power to provide at least
the linear movement. In some embodiments, the setback platform
systems includes a controller component configured to control the
shuttle platform, and, in particular, at least the motion of the
shuttle platform from the first position to the second position. In
some embodiments, an audible alert is activated during the linear
movement from at least one of the first to the second position or
the second position to the first position. In some embodiments, a
railing is affixed to at least one of the first path or the shuttle
platform. In some embodiments, a visible alert is activated during
the linear movement of the shuttle platform from at least one of
the first to the second position or the second position to the
first position.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX A (attached). APPENDIX A
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX B (attached). APPENDIX B
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX C (attached). APPENDIX C
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX D (attached). APPENDIX D
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX E (attached). APPENDIX E
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX F (attached). APPENDIX F
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX G (attached). APPENDIX G
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX H (attached). APPENDIX H
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX I (attached). APPENDIX I
is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter,
and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
While the above disclosed system and methods can be described in
the general context of computer-executable instructions of a
program that runs on one or more computers, those skilled in the
art will recognize that aspects can also be implemented in
combination with other program modules or the like. Generally,
program modules include routines, programs, components, data
structures, among other things that perform particular tasks and/or
implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that the above systems and methods can
be practiced with various computer system configurations, including
single-processor, multi-processor or multi-core processor computer
systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as
personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., personal
digital assistant (PDA), portable gaming device, smartphone,
tablet, Wi-Fi device, laptop, phone, among others),
microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial
electronics, and the like. Aspects can also be practiced in
distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by
remote processing devices that are linked through a communications
network. However, some, if not all aspects of the claimed subject
matter can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed
computing environment, program modules may be located in one or
both of local and remote memory storage devices.
FIG. 18 is an example general-purpose computer 1810 or computing
device (e.g., desktop, laptop, server, hand-held, programmable
consumer or industrial electronics, set-top box, game system . . .
) by which an embodiment is implemented. The computer 1810 includes
one or more processor(s) 1820, memory 1830, system bus 1840, mass
storage 1850, and one or more interface components 1870. The system
bus 1840 communicatively couples at least the above system
components. However, it is to be appreciated that in its simplest
form the computer 1810 can include one or more processors 1820
coupled to memory 1830 that execute various computer executable
actions, instructions, and or components stored in memory 1830.
The processor(s) 1820 can be implemented with a general purpose
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application
specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array
(FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or
transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination
thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A
general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the
alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller,
microcontroller, or state machine. The processor(s) 1820 may also
be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example a
combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of
microprocessors, multi-core processors, one or more microprocessors
in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such
configuration.
The computer 1810 can include or otherwise interact with a variety
of computer-readable media to facilitate control of the computer
1810 to implement one or more aspects of the claimed subject
matter. The computer-readable media can be any available media that
can be accessed by the computer 1810 and includes volatile and
nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media. By way of
example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise
computer storage media and communication media.
Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable
and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for
storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data
structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media
includes, but is not limited to memory devices (e.g., random access
memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) . . . ), magnetic storage
devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, cassettes, tape . . . ),
optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk
(DVD) . . . ), and solid state devices (e.g., solid state drive
(SSD), flash memory drive (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ) . .
. ), or any other medium which can be used to store the desired
information and which can be accessed by the computer 1810.
Communication media typically embodies computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a
modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport
mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term
"modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its
characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode
information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation,
communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or
direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF,
infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above
should also be included within the scope of computer-readable
media.
Memory 1830 and mass storage 1850 are examples of computer-readable
storage media. Depending on the exact configuration and type of
computing device, memory 1830 may be volatile (e.g., RAM),
non-volatile (e.g., ROM, flash memory . . . ) or some combination
of the two. By way of example, the basic input/output system
(BIOS), including basic routines to transfer information between
elements within the computer 1810, such as during start-up, can be
stored in nonvolatile memory, while volatile memory can act as
external cache memory to facilitate processing by the processor(s)
1820, among other things.
Mass storage 1850 includes removable/non-removable,
volatile/non-volatile computer storage media for storage of large
amounts of data relative to the memory 1830. For example, mass
storage 1850 includes, but is not limited to, one or more devices
such as a magnetic or optical disk drive, floppy disk drive, flash
memory, solid-state drive, or memory stick.
Memory 1830 and mass storage 1850 can include, or have stored
therein, operating system 1860, one or more applications 1862, one
or more program modules 1864, and data 1866. The operating system
1860 acts to control and allocate resources of the computer 1810.
Applications 1862 include one or both of system and application
software and can exploit management of resources by the operating
system 1860 through program modules 1864 and data 1866 stored in
memory 1830 and/or mass storage 1850 to perform one or more
actions. Accordingly, applications 1862 can turn a general-purpose
computer 1810 into a specialized machine in accordance with the
logic provided thereby.
All or portions of the claimed subject matter can be implemented
using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce
software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control
a computer to realize the disclosed functionality. By way of
example and not limitation, the controller component 120, or
portions thereof, can be, or form part, of an application 1862, and
include one or more modules 1864 and data 1866 stored in memory
and/or mass storage 1850 whose functionality can be realized when
executed by one or more processor(s) 1820.
In accordance with one particular embodiment, the processor(s) 1820
can correspond to a system on a chip (SOC) or like architecture
including, or in other words integrating, both hardware and
software on a single integrated circuit substrate. Here, the
processor(s) 1820 can include one or more processors as well as
memory at least similar to processor(s) 1820 and memory 1830, among
other things. Conventional processors include a minimal amount of
hardware and software and rely extensively on external hardware and
software. By contrast, an SOC implementation of processor is more
powerful, as it embeds hardware and software therein that enable
particular functionality with minimal or no reliance on external
hardware and software. For example, the controller component 120,
and/or associated functionality can be embedded within hardware in
a SOC architecture.
The computer 1810 also includes one or more interface components
1870 that are communicatively coupled to the system bus 1840 and
facilitate interaction with the computer 1810. By way of example,
the interface component 1870 can be a port (e.g. serial, parallel,
PCMCIA, USB, FireWire . . . ) or an interface card (e.g., sound,
video . . . ) or the like. In one example implementation, the
interface component 1870 can be embodied as a user input/output
interface to enable a user to enter commands and information into
the computer 1810 through one or more input devices (e.g., pointing
device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard,
microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, camera,
other computer . . . ). In another example implementation, the
interface component 1870 can be embodied as an output peripheral
interface to supply output to displays (e.g., CRT, LCD, plasma . .
. ), speakers, printers, and/or other computers, among other
things. Still further yet, the interface component 1870 can be
embodied as a network interface to enable communication with other
computing devices (not shown), such as over a wired or wireless
communications link.
An aspect of this description is directed to a modular platform
system for a shared track rail system on a ground level that is
used by a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle and a
freight vehicle. The modular platform system can be utilized in
conjunction with a setback platform system, wherein the module
platform system provides adaptability to various landscapes or
elevations and such modular platform members can be coupled to one
another. Moreover, the modular platform system can include modular
platform members that are electrically and/or physically coupled
together, wherein a controller component can be configured to
manage electrical signals or control to one or more of the modular
platform members.
The modular platform system is configured to provide modularity to
allow for installation of a platform system for a track rail system
on various levels of a ground; integrated heating or cooling
elements within each modular platform member, wherein the members
can be in electrical communication with one another and/or a
controller component; one or more members incorporated with one or
more of the modular platform members of the system to receive or
attach a guardrail, a railing, a fence, or a handrail; customizable
height for the modular platform member in which the customizable
height can include steps, ramps, elevation changes, gradual slopes,
gradual declines, etc.; the modular platform member(s) having one
or more members to receive or attach supports for a canopy, roof,
or overhang structure; a load capacity of at least 150 psi (pounds
per square inch); adaptability for installation on various
footings; sides of the modular platform members to receive or have
affixed customizable finishes, facades, faces, or skins, wherein
the sides can include emblems, logos, writing, etc.; the modular
platform members can be created off-site and installed by placing
on an excavated level or pre-defined height; and each modular
platform member can include a breakaway edge.
Another aspect of this description is related to a setback platform
for a shared track rail system on a ground level that is used by a
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle and a freight
vehicle. The setback platform system comprises at least one of the
following: a setback platform that is substantially parallel to the
shared track rail system and is approximately nine (9) feet from a
centerline of the shared track rail system; a first path at a first
height along and on top of the setback platform; a shuttle platform
coupled to the setback platform that actuates from a first position
to a second position with a linear movement toward the centerline
or from a second position to the first position with a linear
movement away from the centerline in a plane that is parallel to
the ground level, the shuttle platform is at a second height along
and on top of the setback platform and includes a front edge, a
rear edge opposite thereto, and a thickness, wherein the first
height is greater than the second height; in the first position, a
portion of the shuttle platform is situated below the first path
and the front edge is approximately nine (9) feet from the
centerline; in the second position, the portion of the shuttle is
adjacent to the first path and the front edge is a distance from
the centerline, wherein the distance is between five (5) feet six
(6) inches and five (5) eight (8) inches; the shuttle platform
provides a path in the second position to allow passengers to board
the commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle; and the shuttle
platform in the first position creates a second path that allows
travel about the setback platform.
A further aspect of this description is related to a modular
platform system that comprises a setback platform system for a
shared track rail system on a ground level. The shared track rail
system is usable by a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle
and a freight vehicle. The setback platform comprises a first path
at a first height with respect to the ground level. The setback
platform also comprises a shuttle platform. The shuttle platform is
at a second height in a first position different from the first
height. The shuttle platform is configured to be moved from the
first position to a second position different from the first
position. A front edge of the shuttle platform is farther away from
a centerline of the shared track rail system if the shuttle
platform is in the first portion than if the shuttle platform is in
the second position.
Another aspect of this description is related to a modular platform
system that comprises a setback platform system for a shared track
rail system on a ground level. The shared track rail system is
usable by a commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle and a
freight vehicle. The setback platform comprises a first path at a
first height with respect to the ground level. The setback platform
also comprises a shuttle platform. The shuttle platform is at a
second height in a first position different from the first height.
The shuttle platform is configured to be moved from the first
position to a second position different from the first position. A
front edge of the shuttle platform is farther away from a
centerline of the shared track rail system if the shuttle platform
is in the first portion than if the shuttle platform is in the
second position. The setback platform further comprises a first
modular platform member on a first side of the shuttle platform.
The setback platform additionally comprises a second modular
platform member on a second side of the shuttle platform opposite
the first side. The first modular platform member and the second
modular platform member are block-shaped. The first path comprises
the first modular platform member and the second modular platform
member.
Another aspect of this description is related to a method for
extending a shuttle platform of a setback platform. The method
comprises receiving a request to move the shuttle platform from a
first position to a second position. The setback platform is
configured to service a shared track rail system usable by a
commuter, regional and intercity rail vehicle and a freight
vehicle. The setback platform has a first path at a first height
with respect to a ground level and a second path at a second height
with respect to the ground level. The method also comprises moving
the shuttle platform based on the request toward the shared rail
system. Moving the shuttle platform toward the shared rail system
causes a width of the second path to increase. The method further
comprises stopping movement of the shuttle platform based on a
detected motion between the setback platform and the shared track
rail system.
What has been described above includes examples of the subject
innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every
conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes
of describing the claimed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill
in the art may recognize that many further combinations and
permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly,
the claimed subject matter is intended to embrace all such
alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the
spirit and scope of the appended claims.
One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the
discussed embodiments may have other applications in other
environments. In fact, many embodiments and implementations are
possible. The following claims are in no way intended to limit the
scope of the subject innovation to the specific embodiments
described above. In addition, any recitation of "means for" is
intended to evoke a means-plus-function reading of an element and a
claim, whereas, any elements that do not specifically use the
recitation "means for", are not intended to be read as
means-plus-function elements, even if the claim otherwise includes
the word "means."
The aforementioned systems have been described with respect to
interaction between several components. It can be appreciated that
such systems and components can include those components or
specified sub-components, some of the specified components or
sub-components, and/or additional components, and according to
various permutations and combinations of the foregoing.
Sub-components can also be implemented as components
communicatively coupled to other components rather than included
within parent components (hierarchical). Additionally, it should be
noted that one or more components may be combined into a single
component providing aggregate functionality or divided into several
separate sub-components. Any components described herein may also
interact with one or more other components not specifically
described herein but generally known by those of skill in the
art.
Although the subject innovation has been shown and described with
respect to a certain preferred embodiment or embodiments, it is
obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to
others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of
this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard
to the various functions performed by the above described elements
(e.g., components, devices, etc.), the terms (including a reference
to a "means") used to describe such elements are intended to
correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any element which
performs the specified function of the described element (e.g.,
that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally
equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function
in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment or embodiments of
the innovation. In addition, while a particular feature of the
innovation may have been described above with respect to only one
or more of several illustrated embodiments, such feature may be
combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments,
as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular
application. Although certain embodiments have been shown and
described, it is understood that equivalents and modifications
falling within the scope of the appended claims will occur to
others who are skilled in the art upon the reading and
understanding of this specification.
In the specification and claims, reference will be made to a number
of terms that have the following meanings. The singular forms "a",
"an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly
dictates otherwise. Approximating language, as used herein
throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify
any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without
resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related.
Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as "about" is not to
be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the
approximating language may correspond to the precision of an
instrument for measuring the value. Moreover, unless specifically
stated otherwise, any use of the terms "first," "second," etc., do
not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms "first,"
"second," etc., are used to distinguish one element from
another.
As used herein, the terms "may" and "may be" indicate a possibility
of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a
specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify
another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability,
or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly,
usage of "may" and "may be" indicates that a modified term is
apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated
capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in
some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be
appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some
circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other
circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur--this distinction
is captured by the terms "may" and "may be."
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that
those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the
present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that
they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for
designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying
out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the
embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also
realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the
spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make
various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
* * * * *