U.S. patent number 10,302,009 [Application Number 15/352,484] was granted by the patent office on 2019-05-28 for control device, internal combustion engine system, and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.. The grantee listed for this patent is HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Masaaki Nagashima, Takashi Otobe, Masaki Suzuki, Masaki Ueno.
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United States Patent |
10,302,009 |
Suzuki , et al. |
May 28, 2019 |
Control device, internal combustion engine system, and method
Abstract
A control device for an internal combustion engine includes
circuitry. The circuitry is configured to determine whether a
running state of the internal combustion engine is in an auxiliary
driving state in which an electric motor drives a compressor. The
circuitry is configured to increase an opening degree of a waste
gate valve when the running state is determined to be in the
auxiliary driving state. The circuitry is configured to control a
valve actuation phase variable mechanism to increase an overlap
period in which a valve opening period of an intake valve and a
valve opening period of an exhaust valve are overlapped with each
other when the running state is determined to be in the auxiliary
driving state.
Inventors: |
Suzuki; Masaki (Wako,
JP), Nagashima; Masaaki (Wako, JP), Ueno;
Masaki (Wako, JP), Otobe; Takashi (Wako,
JP) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. |
Tokyo |
N/A |
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
58799600 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/352,484 |
Filed: |
November 15, 2016 |
Prior Publication Data
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|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20170159552 A1 |
Jun 8, 2017 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Dec 7, 2015 [JP] |
|
|
2015-238668 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
13/0261 (20130101); F02B 37/18 (20130101); F02B
37/10 (20130101); F02D 41/10 (20130101); F02D
41/18 (20130101); F02B 25/145 (20130101); F02D
41/0007 (20130101); F02D 37/02 (20130101); F02B
37/14 (20130101); F02D 2041/001 (20130101); Y02T
10/144 (20130101); F02D 2200/0406 (20130101); Y02T
10/18 (20130101); F02D 2041/389 (20130101); Y02T
10/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02B
25/14 (20060101); F02B 37/18 (20060101); F02D
41/00 (20060101); F02D 41/18 (20060101); F02D
41/10 (20060101); F02D 13/02 (20060101); F02D
37/02 (20060101); F02B 37/14 (20060101); F02B
37/10 (20060101); F02D 41/38 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;60/608 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
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2006-017053 |
|
Jan 2006 |
|
JP |
|
2007-023837 |
|
Feb 2007 |
|
JP |
|
2007-262968 |
|
Oct 2007 |
|
JP |
|
2008-019835 |
|
Jan 2008 |
|
JP |
|
2012-092794 |
|
May 2012 |
|
JP |
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2013-127222 |
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Jun 2013 |
|
JP |
|
Other References
Japanese Office Action for corresponding JP Application No.
2015-238668, dated Oct. 3, 2017 (w/ English machine translation).
cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Newton; J. Todd
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Mori & Ward, LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A control device for an internal combustion engine in which fuel
is directly injected into a combustion chamber, the control device
comprising: a supercharger which includes a turbine, the turbine
being provided on an exhaust passage of the engine, a compressor,
the compressor being rotationally driven by the turbine and
pressurizing intake air of the engine, and an electric motor, the
electric motor being provided to be able to drive the compressor; a
valve actuation phase variable mechanism which is capable of
changing an actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and
an exhaust valve of the engine; a waste gate valve which is
provided on a bypass passage bypassing the turbine; and an
electronic control unit configured to control the electric motor,
the valve actuation phase variable mechanism, and an opening of the
waste gate valve such that when the electric motor drives the
compressor in an auxiliary driving state, the opening of the waste
gate valve is increased while an intake pressure of the engine is
determined to be lower than a target supercharging pressure, and an
overlap period in which a valve opening period of the intake valve
and a valve opening period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with
each other is increased.
2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic
control unit is configured to cause the auxiliary driving state to
be executed in an operation state in which a speed of the engine is
determined to be lower than a predetermined threshold speed.
3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic
control unit is configured to control the electric motor and the
opening of the waste gate valve such that when the electronic
control unit determines that the intake pressure of the engine
reaches the target supercharging pressure after a start of the
auxiliary driving state, an output of the electric motor is lowered
and the opening of the waste gate valve is reduced.
4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic
control unit is configured to control the electric motor and the
opening of the waste gate valve such that when predetermined time
elapses from a time point at the start of the auxiliary driving
state, an output of the electric motor is lowered and the opening
of the waste gate valve is reduced.
5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic
control unit is configured to increase the overlap period in which
the valve opening period of the intake valve and the valve opening
period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other based on
a determination that the intake pressure of the engine is
determined to be lower than the target supercharging pressure.
6. A control device for an internal combustion engine including a
combustion chamber into which fuel is directly injected, a
supercharger including a turbine provided in an exhaust passage of
the internal combustion engine, a waste gate valve provided in a
bypass passage bypassing the turbine, a compressor rotationally
driven by the turbine and an electric motor to pressurize intake
air, and a valve actuation phase variable mechanism configured to
change an actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and an
exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine, the control device
comprising: circuitry configured to determine whether a running
state of the internal combustion engine is in an auxiliary driving
state in which the electric motor drives the compressor; increase
an opening degree of the waste gate valve when the running state is
determined to be in the auxiliary driving state and an intake
pressure of the internal combustion engine is determined to be
lower than a target supercharging pressure; and control the valve
actuation phase variable mechanism to increase an overlap period in
which a valve opening period of the intake valve and a valve
opening period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other
when the running state is determined to be in the auxiliary driving
state.
7. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry
is configured to cause the auxiliary driving state to be executed
in an operation state in which a speed of the internal combustion
engine is lower than a predetermined threshold speed.
8. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry
is configured to control the electric motor and the opening of the
waste gate valve such that when the circuitry determines that the
intake pressure of the internal combustion engine reaches the
target supercharging pressure after a start of the auxiliary
driving state, an output of the electric motor is lowered and the
opening of the waste gate valve is reduced.
9. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry
is configured to control the electric motor and the opening of the
waste gate valve such that when a predetermined time elapses from a
time point at the start of the auxiliary driving state, an output
of the electric motor is lowered and the opening of the waste gate
valve is reduced.
10. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry
is configured to increase the overlap period in which the valve
opening period of the intake valve and the valve opening period of
the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other based on a
determination that the intake pressure of the internal combustion
engine is determined to be lower than the target supercharging
pressure.
11. An internal combustion engine system comprising: an internal
combustion engine comprising: a combustion chamber into which fuel
is directly to be injected; a supercharger comprising: a turbine
provided on an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; a
compressor to be rotationally driven by the turbine and to
pressurize intake air of the internal combustion engine; and an
electric motor to drive the compressor; a valve actuation phase
variable mechanism to change an actuation phase of at least one of
an intake valve and an exhaust valve of the internal combustion
engine; and a waste gate valve provided on a bypass passage
bypassing the turbine; and circuitry configured to determine
whether a running state of the internal combustion engine is in an
auxiliary driving state in which the electric motor drives the
compressor; increase an opening degree of the waste gate valve when
the running state is determined to be in the auxiliary driving
state and an intake pressure of the internal combustion engine is
determined to be lower than a target supercharging pressure; and
control the valve actuation phase variable mechanism to increase an
overlap period in which a valve opening period of the intake valve
and a valve opening period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with
each other when the running state is determined to be in the
auxiliary driving state.
12. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 11,
wherein the circuitry is configured to increase the overlap period
in which the valve opening period of the intake valve and the valve
opening period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other
based on a determination that the intake pressure of the internal
combustion engine is determined to be lower than the target
supercharging pressure.
13. A method for controlling an internal combustion engine
including a combustion chamber into which fuel is directly
injected, a supercharger including a turbine provided in an exhaust
passage of the internal combustion engine, a waste gate valve
provided in a bypass passage bypassing the turbine, a compressor
rotationally driven by the turbine and an electric motor to
pressurize intake air, and a valve actuation phase variable
mechanism configured to change an actuation phase of at least one
of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of the internal combustion
engine, the method comprising: determining whether a running state
of the internal combustion engine is in an auxiliary driving state
in which the electric motor drives the compressor; increasing an
opening degree of the waste gate valve when the running state is
determined to be in the auxiliary driving state and an intake
pressure of the internal combustion engine is determined to be
lower than a target supercharging pressure; and controlling the
valve actuation phase variable mechanism to increase an overlap
period in which a valve opening period of the intake valve and a
valve opening period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with each
other when the running state is determined to be in the auxiliary
driving state.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the increasing the
overlap period in which the valve opening period of the intake
valve and the valve opening period of the exhaust valve are
overlapped with each other is performed based on a determination
that the intake pressure of the internal combustion engine is
determined to be lower than the target supercharging pressure.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119
to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-238668, filed Dec. 7, 2015,
entitled "Control Device for Internal Combustion Engine." The
contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference
in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present disclosure relates to a control device, an internal
combustion engine system, and a method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-23837
discloses a control device for internal combustion engine which
includes a valve actuation variable mechanism and a supercharger
with electric motor. When an electronic motor is actuated to
perform supercharging, differential pressure between intake
pressure and exhaust pressure (=intake pressure-exhaust pressure)
is increased. Therefore, the amounts of fuel and intake air which
flow into a combustion chamber and are directly exhausted to an
exhaust passage without contributing to combustion (passing-through
amount) tend to increase. In order to reduce this passing-through
amount, the above-mentioned control device performs control for
shortening an overlap period, in which a valve opening period of an
intake valve and a valve opening period of an exhaust valve are
overlapped with each other, in actuation time of an electric motor
(when driving auxiliary of a supercharger is performed) so as to be
shorter than that in non-actuation time of the electric motor.
Accordingly, excessive increase of the passing-through amount is
prevented.
SUMMARY
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a control
device for an internal combustion engine in which fuel is directly
injected into a combustion chamber, the control device includes a
supercharger which includes a turbine, the turbine being provided
on an exhaust passage of the engine, a compressor, the compressor
being rotationally driven by the turbine and pressurizing intake
air of the engine, and an electric motor, the electric motor being
provided to be able to drive the compressor, a valve actuation
phase variable mechanism which is capable of changing an actuation
phase of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of
the engine and a waste gate valve which is provided on a bypass
passage bypassing the turbine. When driving auxiliary by the
electric motor is performed with respect to the compressor, opening
of the waste gate valve is increased and an overlap period in which
a valve opening period of the intake valve and a valve opening
period of the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other is
increased.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a control
device for an internal combustion engine including a combustion
chamber into which fuel is directly injected, a supercharger
including a turbine provided in an exhaust passage of the internal
combustion engine, a waste gate valve provided in a bypass passage
bypassing the turbine, a compressor rotationally driven by the
turbine and an electric motor to pressurize intake air, and a valve
actuation phase variable mechanism configured to change an
actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust
valve of the internal combustion engine, the control device
includes circuitry. The circuitry is configured to determine
whether a running state of the internal combustion engine is in an
auxiliary driving state in which the electric motor drives the
compressor. The circuitry is configured to increase an opening
degree of the waste gate valve when the running state is determined
to be in the auxiliary driving state. The circuitry is configured
to control the valve actuation phase variable mechanism to increase
an overlap period in which a valve opening period of the intake
valve and a valve opening period of the exhaust valve are
overlapped with each other when the running state is determined to
be in the auxiliary driving state.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, an internal
combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine and
circuitry. The internal combustion engine includes a combustion
chamber, a supercharger, a valve actuation phase variable
mechanism, and a waste gate valve. Fuel is directly to be injected
into the combustion chamber. The supercharger includes a turbine, a
compressor, and an electric motor. The turbine is provided on an
exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine. The compressor
is rotationally driven by the turbine and to pressurize intake air
of the internal combustion engine. The electric motor to drive the
compressor. The valve actuation phase variable mechanism changes an
actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust
valve of the internal combustion engine. The waste gate valve is
provided on a bypass passage bypassing the turbine. The circuitry
configured to determine whether a running state of the internal
combustion engine is in an auxiliary driving state in which the
electric motor drives the compressor. The circuitry configured to
increase an opening degree of the waste gate valve when the running
state is determined to be in the auxiliary driving state. The
circuitry configured to control the valve actuation phase variable
mechanism to increase an overlap period in which a valve opening
period of the intake valve and a valve opening period of the
exhaust valve are overlapped with each other when the running state
is determined to be in the auxiliary driving state.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for
controlling an internal combustion engine including a combustion
chamber into which fuel is directly injected, a supercharger
including a turbine provided in an exhaust passage of the internal
combustion engine, a waste gate valve provided in a bypass passage
bypassing the turbine, a compressor rotationally driven by the
turbine and an electric motor to pressurize intake air, and a valve
actuation phase variable mechanism configured to change an
actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust
valve of the internal combustion engine, the method includes
determining whether a running state of the internal combustion
engine is in an auxiliary driving state in which the electric motor
drives the compressor. The method includes increasing an opening
degree of the waste gate valve when the running state is determined
to be in the auxiliary driving state. The method includes
controlling the valve actuation phase variable mechanism to
increase an overlap period in which a valve opening period of the
intake valve and a valve opening period of the exhaust valve are
overlapped with each other when the running state is determined to
be in the auxiliary driving state.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the
attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same
becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed
description when considered in connection with the accompanying
drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the configuration of an internal
combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a
control system of the internal combustion engine illustrated in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows lift curves of an intake valve and an exhaust valve
for illustrating variable ranges of valve actuation phases varied
by a valve actuation phase variable mechanism in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 illustrates a relationship between an engine speed obtained
when a throttle valve is fully opened and intake pressure and a
relationship between the engine speed and exhaust pressure.
FIGS. 5A to 5D are timing diagrams for illustrating an outline of
motor assistance supercharging control.
FIG. 6 illustrates a relationship between differential pressure,
which is obtained by deducting the exhaust pressure from the intake
pressure, and an overlap period.
FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate maps used for calculation of valve
actuation phases of the intake valve and the exhaust valve.
FIG. 8 illustrates a transition of an output torque obtained when
engine output control corresponding to a required torque is
performed.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are timing diagrams for illustrating a point that a
period in which the intake pressure becomes higher than the exhaust
pressure and thus a scavenging effect is obtained is increased by
performing motor assistance.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating the motor assistance
supercharging control processing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments will now be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate
corresponding or identical elements throughout the various
drawings.
An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the configuration of an internal
combustion engine according to one embodiment of the present
disclosure. An internal combustion engine (referred to below as an
"engine") 1 is a direct injection engine which includes four
cylinders 6 and directly injects fuel into combustion chambers of
the cylinders 6. To each of the cylinders 6, a fuel injection valve
7, an ignition plug 8, and an intake valve and an exhaust valve
(which are not illustrated) are provided.
The engine 1 includes an intake passage 2, an exhaust passage 10, a
turbocharger (supercharger) 12, and a valve actuation phase
variable mechanism 20. The intake passage 2 is connected to a surge
tank 4 and the surge tank 4 is connected to the combustion chamber
of each of the cylinders 6 via an intake manifold 5. To the intake
passage 2, an intercooler 3 for cooling down compressed air and a
throttle valve 13 are provided. The throttle valve 13 is configured
to be able to be driven by a throttle actuator 13a. An intake
pressure sensor 21 which detects intake pressure PB is provided to
the surge tank 4 and an intake airflow rate sensor 22 which detects
intake airflow rate GAIR is provided to the intake passage 2.
The turbocharger 12 includes a turbine 121 which is provided to the
exhaust passage 10 and is rotationally driven by the kinetic energy
of exhaust air, a compressor 123 which is coupled to the turbine
121 via a shaft 122, and a motor (electric motor) 124 which is
provided to be able to rotationally drive the shaft 122. The
compressor 123 is provided to the intake passage 2 and pressurizes
(compresses) air taken into the engine 1. By driving the motor 124,
driving assistance (driving auxiliary) for assisting driving of the
compressor 123 by the turbine 121 is performed.
The valve actuation phase variable mechanism 20 is a mechanism
which changes actuation phases of the intake valve and the exhaust
valve of each of the cylinders 6.
The combustion chamber of each of the cylinders 6 of the engine 1
is connected to the exhaust passage 10 via an exhaust manifold 9.
To the exhaust passage 10, a bypass passage 11 which bypasses the
turbine 121 is connected, and to the bypass passage 11, a waste
gate valve 14 which controls a flow rate of exhaust air which
passes through the bypass passage 11 is provided.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a
control system for controlling the engine 1. In addition to the
intake pressure sensor 21 and the intake airflow rate sensor 22
which are described above, an engine speed sensor 23 which detects
a speed NE of the engine 1, an accelerator sensor 24 which detects
the depression amount (referred to below as an "accelerator pedal
operation amount") AP of an accelerator pedal (not illustrated) of
a vehicle which is driven by the engine 1, a cooling water
temperature sensor 25 which detects an engine cooling water
temperature TW, and other sensors which are not illustrated are
connected to an electronic control unit (referred to below as an
"ECU") 30. Detection signals of these sensors are supplied to the
ECU 30.
To the output side of the ECU 30, the fuel injection valve 7, the
ignition plug 8, the motor 124, the waste gate valve 14, the
throttle actuator 13a, and an intake valve actuator 201 and an
exhaust valve actuator 202 which are provided to the valve
actuation phase variable mechanism 20 are connected. An intake
valve actuation phase CAIN is changed by driving the intake valve
actuator 201 and an exhaust valve actuation phase CAEX is changed
by driving the exhaust valve actuator 202.
The ECU 30 includes an input circuit which has a function for
shaping waveforms of input signals received from various sensors, a
function for correcting a voltage level to a predetermined level,
and a function for converting an analog signal value into a digital
signal value, for example, a central processing unit (referred to
below as a "CPU"), a storage circuit which stores various
calculation programs executed in the CPU and calculation results,
for example, and an output circuit which supplies a drive signal to
the motor 124 and the like.
The ECU 30 performs fuel injection control by the fuel injection
valve 7, ignition control by the ignition plug 8, driving
assistance control with respect to the turbocharger 12 by the motor
124, turbine drive control by the waste gate valve 14, intake air
rate control by the throttle valve 13, and valve actuation phase
control by the intake valve actuator 201 and the exhaust valve
actuator 202, in accordance with an engine operation state (mainly
the engine speed NE and a required torque TRQD). The required
torque TRQD is calculated mainly based on the accelerator pedal
operation amount AP so that the required torque TRQD is increased
as the accelerator pedal operation amount AP is increased.
FIG. 3 shows lift curves for illustrating variable ranges of valve
actuation phases varied by the valve actuation phase variable
mechanism 20. The horizontal axis represents a crank angle CA ("0"
corresponds to the top dead center on start of an intake stroke).
Dashed lines L1 and L3 respectively correspond to the most advanced
actuation phase of an exhaust valve and the most advanced actuation
phase of an intake valve and solid lines L2 and L4 respectively
correspond to the most retarded actuation phase of the exhaust
valve and the most retarded actuation phase of the intake valve. In
the present embodiment, an overlap period TCAOVL in which a valve
opening period of the intake valve and a valve opening period of
the exhaust valve are overlapped with each other is an important
control parameter. Therefore, a variable range of the overlap
period TCAOVL is described by using an intake valve opening time
CAIO and an exhaust valve closing time CAEC.
In the valve actuation phase variable mechanism 20 of the present
embodiment, the most advanced phase CAIOMIN of the intake valve
opening time CAIO is approximately ATDC (after the top dead center
on start of the intake stroke) -40 degrees (that is, approximately
40 degrees before the top dead center), the most retarded phase
CAIOMAX is approximately ATDC 40 degrees, the most advanced phase
CAECMIN of the exhaust valve closing time CAEC is approximately
ATDC -20 degrees, and the most retarded phase CAECMAX is
approximately ATDC 30 degrees. Accordingly, when the overlap period
TCAOVL is defined as (CAEC-CAIO), the minimum value is smaller than
0 and the maximum value TCAOVLMAX is (CAECMAX-CAIOMIN:
approximately 70 degrees).
Here, FIG. 3 illustrates a valve opening/closing time on the
assumption that a state in which the lift amount LFT is larger than
the reference lift amount LFT0 is a valve opening state.
FIG. 4 illustrates a relationship between the engine speed NE
obtained when the throttle valve 13 is fully opened and the intake
pressure PB and a relationship between the engine speed NE and the
exhaust pressure PEX. A solid line L11 represents a transition of
the exhaust pressure PEX obtained when driving assistance (referred
to below as "motor assistance") by the motor 124 is not performed,
a dashed line L12 represents a transition of the exhaust pressure
PEX obtained when the motor assistance is performed, and a dashed
dotted line L13 represents a transition of the intake pressure PB.
As is apparent from FIG. 4, in the range in which the engine speed
NE is lower than a boundary speed NEB, the exhaust pressure PEX can
be lowered to be lower than the intake pressure PB by performing
the motor assistance. In a state in which the exhaust pressure PEX
is lower than the intake pressure PB, scavenging of residual gas in
the cylinder can be promoted by increasing the overlap period
TCAOVL.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, such motor assistance
supercharging control is executed that the opening of the waste
gate valve 14 is maximized so as to lower the exhaust pressure PEX
and the overlap period TCAOVL is increased while executing the
motor assistance in an operation state in which the engine speed NE
is relatively low and the intake pressure PB is lower than a target
supercharging pressure POBJ (referred to below as a "specific
operation state"). The target supercharging pressure POBJ is a
target pressure targeted when the intake pressure PB is enhanced by
supercharging and the target supercharging pressure POBJ is set
higher as the required torque TRQD is higher. Therefore, the
specific operation state corresponds to a high-load operation state
in which an accelerator pedal is rapidly depressed and the throttle
valve 13 is opened to be in an approximately fully opened state
when the engine speed NE is relatively low in the main.
FIGS. 5A to 5D are timing diagrams for illustrating an outline of
motor assistance supercharging control of the present embodiment.
FIGS. 5A to 5D respectively illustrate a transition of an output
torque TRQM of the motor 124, a transition of the opening of the
waste gate valve 14 (referred to below as the "WG opening") WGO,
transitions of the intake pressure PB and the exhaust pressure PEX,
and transitions of the intake valve opening time CAIO and the
exhaust valve closing time CAEC. Here, a dashed line shown in FIG.
5B represents a transition of a flow rate of exhaust air which
passes through the waste gate valve 14. On the vertical axis of
FIG. 5D, the intake valve opening time CAIO and the exhaust valve
closing time CAEC are shown to be increased as the intake valve
opening time CAIO and the exhaust valve closing time CAEC are
retarded.
When the motor assistance supercharging control is started at time
t0, the motor 124 is driven so that the motor output torque TRQM
becomes to have the maximum value TMAX, and the waste gate valve 14
is opened so that the WG opening WGO is set to be the maximum
opening VOMAX. A solid line and a dashed line in FIG. 5D
respectively represents a transition of the intake valve opening
time CAIO and a transition of the exhaust valve closing time CAEC.
Immediately after the start of the motor assistance supercharging
control, values of the intake valve opening time CAIO and the
exhaust valve closing time CAEC are maintained at values
immediately before the start of the motor assistance supercharging
control. An example illustrated in FIG. 5D corresponds to a case
where the overlap period TCAOVL at the start of the motor
assistance supercharging control has a value smaller than "0".
From a time point in the vicinity of time t1 at which the intake
pressure PB exceeds the exhaust pressure PEX, the valve actuation
phases are changed so that the intake valve opening time CAIO is
advanced and the exhaust valve closing time CAEC is retarded and
thus, the overlap period TCAOVL is increased. FIG. 5D illustrates
such that valve actuation phases are started to be changed from
time t1. However, FIG. 5D merely illustrates an ideal state and an
actual change start time of valve actuation phases and time t1 are
not always accorded with each other.
When the intake pressure PB reaches the target supercharging
pressure POBJ at time t2, transient control for gradually lowering
the motor output torque TRQM and the WG opening WGO is executed. At
this time, actuation phases of the intake valve and the exhaust
valve are controlled so that the intake valve opening time CAIO is
gradually retarded and the exhaust valve closing time CAEC is
gradually advanced. Both of the motor output torque TRQM and the WG
opening WGO become "0" at time t3 and the motor assistance
supercharging control shifts to normal supercharging control. Here,
the change (advancing and retarding) of the intake valve opening
time CAIO is actually executed through change of the intake valve
actuation phase CAIN and the change of the exhaust valve closing
time CAEC is actually executed through change of the exhaust valve
actuation phase CAEX.
FIG. 6 illustrates an ideal relationship between differential
pressure DP (=PB-PEX) obtained by deducting the exhaust pressure
PEX from the intake pressure PB and the overlap period TCAOVL. In
the present embodiment, the overlap period TCAOVL is set to have a
value smaller than "0" in principle when the differential pressure
DP has a negative value, and a calculation map of the intake valve
actuation phase CAIN (referred to below as a "CAIN map") and a
calculation map of the exhaust valve actuation phase CAEX (referred
to below as a "CAEX map") are set so as to obtain such property
that the overlap period TCAOVL is increased as the differential
pressure DP is increased.
In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 7A to 7D, the
first CAIN map (FIG. 7A) and the first CAEX map (FIG. 7C) which
correspond to a state in which the motor output torque TRQM reaches
maximum (100%) and the second CAIN map (FIG. 7B) and the second
CAEX map (FIG. 7D) which correspond to a state in which motor
assistance is not performed (0%) are provided. Each of the maps is
set in accordance with the engine speed NE and an estimated output
torque TRQH of the engine 1. The estimated output torque TRQH is
calculated based on the intake airflow rate GAIR of the engine 1
and an ignition time IG. More specifically, the estimated output
torque TRQH is calculated so that the estimated output torque TRQH
is increased as the intake airflow rate GAIR is increased and
calculated so that the estimated output torque TRQH is decreased as
the retard amount of the ignition time IG is increased when the
ignition time IG is retarded from the optimum ignition time
(ignition time on which an output torque reaches maximum).
Advance amounts CAIN0 to CAIN5 and CAIN0 to CAIN3a based on the
most retarded phase are respectively set in the first CAIN map and
the second CAIN map and retard amounts CAEX0 to CAEX4 and CAEX0 to
CAEX3 based on the most advanced phase are respectively set in the
first CAEX map and the second CAEX map. Here, both of CAIN0 and
CAEX0 correspond to the reference phase and are set to be "0".
Further, when the motor output torque TRQM is between 0% and 100%,
interpolation calculation is performed in accordance with the motor
output torque TRQM on the corresponding time point so as to obtain
the intake valve actuation phase CAIN and the exhaust valve
actuation phase CAEX.
Set values of the first and second CAIN maps have the following
relationship:
CAIN0<CAIN1<CAIN2<CAIN3<CAIN3a<CAIN4<CAIN5
That is, the set value of the first CAIN map is set to be larger
than the set value of the second CAIN map and the overlap period
TCAOVL is set to be increased, in a high-load region in which the
estimated output torque TRQH is large.
Further, set values of the first and second CAEX maps have the
following relationship:
CAEX0<CAEX1<CAEX2<CAEX3<CAEX4
That is, the set value of the first CAEX map is set to be larger
than the set value of the second CAEX map and the overlap period
TCAOVL is set to be increased, in the high-load region in which the
estimated output torque TRQH is large.
The map setting illustrated in FIGS. 7A to 7D realizes a change
characteristic of the intake valve opening time CAIO and a change
characteristic of the exhaust valve closing time CAEC, which are
close to the characteristics illustrated in FIG. 5D, and realizes a
change characteristic of the overlap period TCAOVL which is close
to the ideal characteristic illustrated in FIG. 6. Here, in FIG.
5D, the intake valve opening time CAIO and the exhaust valve
closing time CAEC are maintained from time t0 to time t1 because
increase of the estimated output torque TRQH is delayed with
respect to increase of the target supercharging pressure POBJ
accompanied by increase of the required torque TRQD.
FIG. 8 illustrates a transition of the output torque TRQE obtained
when engine output control corresponding to the required torque
TRQD of the engine 1 is performed. A dashed line L21 of FIG. 8
represents a transition of the required torque TRQD. A solid line
L22 and a dashed line L23 represent transitions of the output
torque TRQE and respectively correspond to a case where the motor
assistance supercharging control is executed and a case where
normal supercharging control, in which the motor assistance is not
performed, is executed. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the engine output
torque TRQE can be rapidly increased to the required torque TRQD by
executing the motor assistance supercharging control and thus, such
advantageous effect can be obtained that responsiveness of the
turbocharger 12 is improved.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are timing diagrams for illustrating a point that a
period in which intake pressure becomes higher than exhaust
pressure and thus scavenging effect is obtained is increased by
performing the motor assistance supercharging control (the
horizontal axis represents a crank angle CA). FIG. 9A illustrates
actuation phases of an intake valve and an exhaust valve and FIG.
9B illustrates transitions of intake pressure PBS and exhaust
pressure PEXS. Here, the intake pressure PBS and the exhaust
pressure PEXS respectively correspond to intake pressure and
exhaust pressure of a single cylinder.
Dashed lines L31, L33, L41, and L51 correspond to a case where the
motor assistance supercharging control is not performed and solid
lines L32, L34, L42, and L52 correspond to a case where the motor
assistance supercharging control is performed.
In the case where the motor assistance supercharging control is not
performed, a high intake pressure period in which the intake
pressure PBS is higher than the exhaust pressure PEXS is TCA1 and
the overlap period TCAOVL in which the scavenging effect is
obtained is limited to the high intake pressure period TCA1 or
shorter. On the other hand, in the case where the motor assistance
supercharging control is performed, the intake pressure PBS rises
from a pressure value represented by the dashed line L51 to a
pressure value represented by the solid line L52 and therefore, the
high intake pressure period is TCA2. Accordingly, the overlap
period TCAOVL in which the scavenging effect is obtained can be
increased to the high intake pressure period TCA2. Here, the
transition of the exhaust pressure PEXS is changed from the dashed
line L41 to the solid line L42 because the exhaust valve actuation
phase is retarded so as to increase the overlap period TCAOVL.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating the above-described motor
assistance supercharging control. In step S11, the target
supercharging pressure POBJ is calculated in accordance with the
required torque TRQD and the engine speed NE. In step S12, whether
or not the engine speed NE is lower than the boundary speed NEB
(which is set to be approximately 3000 rpm, for example) is
determined. When the answer of step S12 is affirmative (YES),
whether or not the intake pressure PB is lower than the target
supercharging pressure POBJ is determined (step S13). The boundary
speed NEB is set so that a low speed state of the engine 1, in
which the exhaust pressure PEX can be lowered to be lower than the
intake pressure PB, can be determined by executing motor assistance
(see FIG. 4).
When the answer of step S12 or S13 is negative (NO) and the engine
speed NE is equal to or higher than the boundary speed NEB or the
intake pressure PB is equal to or higher than the target
supercharging pressure POBJ, whether or not a motor assistance ON
flag FMAST is "1" is determined (step S18). The motor assistance ON
flag FMAST is a flag which is set to "1" when the motor assistance
is started (see step S14). When the answer of step S18 is negative
(NO), the motor assistance is turned off (step S19), the intake
valve actuation phase CAIN is calculated by using the second CAIN
map (step S20), and the exhaust valve actuation phase CAEX is
calculated by using the second CAEX map (step S21). Then, normal
supercharging control is executed (step S25). When the answer of
step S18 is affirmative (YES) and the answer of step S12 or S13
becomes negative (NO) after execution of step S14, the process goes
to step S22 and the transient control which is described with
reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D is executed.
When the answer of step S13 is affirmative (YES), the motor
assistance supercharging control is executed. In step S14, the
motor assistance is turned on and the motor assistance ON flag
FMAST is set to "1". At this time, the motor 124 is driven so that
the output torque TRQM has the maximum value TMAX. In step S15, the
waste gate valve 14 is fully opened. That is, the waste gate valve
14 is opened to be in a fully-opened state when the waste gate
valve 14 is closed, while, when the waste gate valve 14 is already
in the fully-opened state, the state is maintained.
The intake valve actuation phase CAIN is calculated by using the
first CAIN map (step S16) in step S16 and the exhaust valve
actuation phase CAEX is calculated by using the first CAEX map
(step S17). As described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D, the set
value of the first CAIN map is larger than the set value of the
second CAIN map and the set value of the first CAEX map is larger
than the set value of the second CAEX map, in the high-load region
in which the estimated output torque TRQH is large. Accordingly,
the overlap period TCAOVL is increased by applying the intake valve
actuation phase CAIN and the exhaust valve actuation phase CAEX
which are respectively calculated in step S16 and step S17. After
the execution of step S17, the process returns to step S12.
When the answer of step S12 or S13 becomes negative (NO) during the
execution of the motor assistance supercharging control by steps
S12 to S17, the process goes to step S22 through step S18 and the
transient control which is described with reference to FIGS. 5A to
5D is executed. That is, the motor output torque TRQM and the WG
opening WGO are gradually reduced. Further, the intake valve
actuation phase CAIN is calculated by performing interpolation
calculation of the set value of the first CAIN map and the set
value of the second CAIN map so as to be gradually retarded, while
the exhaust valve actuation phase CAEX is calculated by performing
interpolation calculation of the set value of the first CAEX map
and the set value of the second CAEX map so as to be gradually
advanced.
In step S23, whether or not the motor output torque TRQM is "0" is
determined. When the answer in step S23 is negative (NO), the
transient control is continued. When the answer in step S23 is
affirmative (YES), the motor assistance ON flag FMAST is set to "0"
(step S24) and the motor assistance supercharging control is
shifted to normal control.
In the present embodiment, when the motor assistance supercharging
control in which driving assistance with respect to the compressor
123 is performed by the motor 124 is executed, such control is
performed that the opening WGO of the waste gate valve 14 is
increased and the overlap period TCAOVL in which the valve opening
period of the intake valve and the valve opening period of the
exhaust valve are overlapped with each other is increased, as
described above. By increasing the opening WGO of the waste gate
valve 14, such setting can be achieved that increase of the exhaust
pressure PEX is minimized when the required load TRQD is high, that
is, when the target supercharging pressure POBJ is high, so as to
enhance the filling efficiency and the ignition time is made closer
to the optimum ignition time. Further, by increasing the overlap
period TCAOVL, scavenging of residual gas in the combustion chamber
can be promoted to increase the fresh air amount and the ignition
time can be advanced while avoiding knocking. As a result, engine
output can be enhanced to be able to improve fuel economy. More
specifically, execution of the motor assistance supercharging
control in the specific operation state (NE<NEB, PB<POBJ) of
the engine 1 can provide an effect of enhancing an engine output
due to a remarkable scavenging promoting effect and an effect of
improving responsiveness of the turbocharger 12.
Further, when the intake pressure PBA reaches the target
supercharging pressure POBJ after the start of the motor
assistance, such transient control is performed that the motor
output torque TRQM is reduced and the opening WGO of the waste gate
valve is reduced. After sufficient supercharging pressure (target
supercharging pressure) is obtained, the motor output torque TRQM
is reduced to shift the supercharging to normal supercharging using
exhaust energy, being able to reduce power for driving the motor
124.
It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to
the above-described embodiment but various alterations can be made.
For example, the specific operation state in which the motor
assistance supercharging control is executed is set to be the state
in which the engine speed NE is lower than the boundary speed NEB
and the intake pressure PB is lower than the target supercharging
pressure POBJ, in the control illustrated in FIG. 10. However, the
motor assistance supercharging control may be executed more simply
such that time from a time point on which the accelerator pedal
operation amount AP is rapidly increased from a relatively small
value to a time point after elapse of predetermined time TMASTX is
determined as the specific operation state. The predetermined time
TMASTX is set to be from a time point on which the throttle valve
opening is shifted from a state close to a fully-closing state to a
throttle valve fully-opening operation (a time point on start of
the motor assistance supercharging control) to a time point at
which the intake pressure PB securely reaches the target
supercharging pressure POBJ, for example. By setting the
predetermined time TMASTX so that sufficient supercharging pressure
can be obtained, excessive assistance by the motor 124 can be
avoided and power consumption can be reduced.
Further, in the example illustrated in FIG. 5D, such operation
example is illustrated that the overlap period TCAOVL at a time
point on start of the motor assistance supercharging control has a
value smaller than "0" and the overlap period TCAOVL is increased
from the state. However, there is a case where an initial value of
the overlap period TCAOVL at a time point on start of the motor
assistance supercharging control is larger than "0". In that case,
such control is performed that the overlap period TCAOVL is
increased during execution of the motor assistance supercharging
control from the initial value.
Further, in the above-described motor assistance supercharging
control, the motor output torque TRQM and the WG opening WGO are
set to have maximum values from the start point of the control, but
the motor output torque TRQM and the WG opening WGO are not
necessarily set to have the maximum values and may be set to have
values slightly smaller than the maximum values. Further, in the
above-described embodiment, the valve actuation phase variable
mechanism 20 which is capable of changing actuation phases of the
intake valve and the exhaust valve is used. However, the overlap
period TCAOVL can be changed by changing either one of the
actuation phases of the intake valve and the exhaust valve, so that
a mechanism which is capable of changing either one of the
actuation phases of the intake valve and the exhaust valve may be
used as the valve actuation phase variable mechanism 20. Further,
FIG. 1 illustrates the engine having four cylinders, but the
present disclosure is applicable irrespective of the number of
cylinders.
A control device for internal combustion engine, according to a
first aspect of the present disclosure, in which fuel is directly
injected into a combustion chamber, includes a supercharger which
includes a turbine, which is provided on an exhaust passage of the
engine, a compressor, which is rotationally driven by the turbine
and pressurizes intake air of the engine, and an electric motor,
which is provided to be able to drive the compressor; a valve
actuation phase variable mechanism which is capable of changing an
actuation phase of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust
valve of the engine; and a waste gate valve which is provided on a
bypass passage bypassing the turbine, in which when driving
auxiliary by the electric motor is performed with respect to the
compressor, opening (WGO) of the waste gate valve is increased and
an overlap period (TCAOVL) in which a valve opening period of the
intake valve and a valve opening period of the exhaust valve are
overlapped with each other is increased.
Here, it should be noted that "the overlap period is increased"
includes a case where the overlap period at a time point on start
of the driving auxiliary with respect to the compressor by the
electric motor is increased from a value larger than "0" and a case
where the overlap period is increased from a value equal to or
smaller than "0".
According to this configuration, when the driving auxiliary by the
electric motor is performed with respect to the compressor, such
control is performed that the opening of the waste gate valve is
increased and the overlap period in which the valve opening period
of the intake valve and the valve opening period of the exhaust
valve are overlapped with each other is increased. By increasing
the opening of the waste gate valve, such setting can be achieved
that increase of the exhaust pressure is minimized when a required
load of the engine is high so as to enhance the filling efficiency
and the ignition time is made closer to the optimum ignition time.
Further, by increasing the overlap period, scavenging of residual
gas in the combustion chamber can be promoted to increase the fresh
air amount and the ignition time can be advanced while avoiding
knocking. As a result, an output of the engine can be enhanced to
improve fuel economy and improve responsiveness of the
supercharger.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, the driving
auxiliary by the electric motor may be executed in an operation
state in which a speed of the engine is relatively low and intake
pressure of the engine is lower than a target supercharging
pressure (POBJ) in the control device for internal combustion
engine according to the first aspect.
By performing the driving auxiliary by the electric motor in the
operation state in which the engine speed is relatively low and the
intake pressure is lower than the target supercharging pressure,
rise of the intake pressure is accelerated to be able to obtain an
effect in improving responsiveness of the supercharger and an
effect in promoting scavenging.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, when the
intake pressure (PB) of the engine reaches the target supercharging
pressure (POBJ) after start of the driving auxiliary by the
electric motor, an output of the electric motor may be lowered and
the opening (WGO) of the waste gate valve may be reduced, in the
control device for internal combustion engine according to the
first or second aspect.
According to this configuration, when the intake pressure reaches
predetermined pressure after the start of the driving auxiliary by
the electric motor, such control is performed that the output of
the electric motor is reduced and the opening of the waste gate
valve is reduced. After sufficient supercharging pressure (target
supercharging pressure) is obtained, the driving auxiliary by the
electric motor is reduced to shift the supercharging to normal
supercharging using exhaust energy, being able to reduce power for
driving the electric motor.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, when
predetermined time (TMASTX) elapses from a time point on the start
of the driving auxiliary by the electric motor, the output of the
electric motor may be lowered and the opening (WGO) of the waste
gate valve may be reduced, in the control device for internal
combustion engine according to the first or second aspect.
According to this configuration, when predetermined time elapses
from a time point on the start of the driving auxiliary by the
electric motor, such control is performed that the output of the
electric motor is lowered and the opening of the waste gate valve
is reduced. The predetermined time is set to time at which the
intake pressure securely reaches the target supercharging pressure
so as to be able to obtain the advantageous effect same as that of
the third aspect.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described herein.
* * * * *