U.S. patent number 10,068,701 [Application Number 14/296,652] was granted by the patent office on 2018-09-04 for adjustable inductive power transmission platform.
This patent grant is currently assigned to POWERMAT TECHNOLOGIES LTD.. The grantee listed for this patent is POWERMAT TECHNOLOGIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Yossi Azancot, Amir Ben-Shalom, Oola Greenwald, Alfred Leibovitz, Ami Oz, Arik Rofe.
United States Patent |
10,068,701 |
Azancot , et al. |
September 4, 2018 |
Adjustable inductive power transmission platform
Abstract
A hybrid power load balancing system configured to manage the
amount of power transfer via a plurality of inductive coils is
provided. The system comprises one or more power supplies, a
plurality of inductive outlets associated with and configured to be
supplied power by each of the power supplies for providing power to
loads connected thereto, and a load balancer associated with each
of the outlets. A power supply and its associated outlets and load
balancers constitute a cluster. The load balancers are configured
to grant power classes to the outlets to supply at least a minimum
required power class to each of the attached loads.
Inventors: |
Azancot; Yossi (Jerusalem,
IL), Ben-Shalom; Amir (Modiin, IL), Rofe;
Arik (Jerusalem, IL), Greenwald; Oola (Mevasseret
Zion, IL), Leibovitz; Alfred (Petach Tikva,
IL), Oz; Ami (Azor, IL) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
POWERMAT TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. |
Neve Ilan |
N/A |
IL |
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Assignee: |
POWERMAT TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
(Neve Ilan, IL)
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Family
ID: |
51568655 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/296,652 |
Filed: |
June 5, 2014 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20140285008 A1 |
Sep 25, 2014 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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13886369 |
May 3, 2013 |
8766488 |
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12731379 |
Jun 4, 2013 |
8456038 |
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PCT/IL2008/001282 |
Sep 24, 2008 |
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60960321 |
Sep 25, 2007 |
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60996191 |
Nov 6, 2007 |
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60996253 |
Nov 8, 2007 |
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61071732 |
May 14, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02J
7/0044 (20130101); F21V 23/02 (20130101); H02J
50/40 (20160201); H02J 50/80 (20160201); H02J
7/025 (20130101); H02J 50/90 (20160201); H01F
38/14 (20130101); H02J 50/12 (20160201); Y10T
307/406 (20150401); F21S 6/003 (20130101); Y10T
307/352 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
H01F
38/14 (20060101); H02J 50/12 (20160101); H02J
50/90 (20160101); H02J 50/40 (20160101); H02J
7/02 (20160101); H02J 50/80 (20160101); F21V
23/02 (20060101); H02J 7/00 (20060101); H02J
5/00 (20160101); F21S 6/00 (20060101) |
References Cited
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Primary Examiner: Fureman; Jared
Assistant Examiner: Bukhari; Aqeel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dippert; William Greenberg;
Laurence Stemer; Werner
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
13/886,369 filed May 3, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser.
No. 12/731,379, filed Mar. 25, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,456,038
issued Jun. 4, 2013, which is a continuation of PCT application
Serial No. PCT/IL2008/001282 filed Sep. 24, 2008, which claims the
benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. Nos. 60/960,321 filed
Sep. 25, 2007; 60/996,191 filed Nov. 6, 2007; 60/996,190 filed Nov.
6, 2007; 60/996,253 filed Nov. 8, 2007 and 61/071,732 filed May 14,
2008, which applications are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A load balancing managing system comprising: at least one
cluster, wherein the at least one cluster comprises: at least one
inductive outlet; at least one power supply configured to supply
power to at least one inductive outlet of the at least one cluster,
wherein each power supply is associated with at least one inductive
outlet of the at least one cluster in the system; and at least one
load balancer associated with at least one of the inductive outlets
of the cluster, wherein each load balancer is configured to
facilitate power requirements management of the inductive outlet; a
mesh network enabling communication between load balancers; and a
controller configured to manage power classes for each load
balancer via the mesh network.
2. The load balancing managing system of claim 1, wherein said
controller has information about each power supply in the system to
allow optimization of power drawn therefrom by its at least one
associated inductive outlet.
3. The load balancing managing system of claim 1, wherein said
controller is configured to determine, upon request of a power
class by an inductive outlet associated with a power supply, the
amount of power available to other inductive outlets associated
with said power supply if the request is granted.
4. The load balancing managing system of claim 3, wherein said
controller is further configured to determine the amount of power
available to other inductive outlets associated with said power
supply if a minimum power class necessary to operate a load
attached to said inductive outlets is granted.
5. The load balancing managing system of claim 4, wherein said
controller is further configured to deny power to an inductive
outlet if the minimum power class necessary to operate the load is
not available.
6. The load balancing managing system of claim 3, wherein said
controller is configured to update other load balancers associated
with the cluster with information regarding the cluster when the
controller grants a power class to any inductive outlet in the
cluster.
7. The load balancing managing system of claim 6, wherein said
information regarding the cluster comprises the amount of power
available for supply by the power source.
8. A method for provisioning power to the inductive outlets of the
managing system of claim 1, the method comprising: receiving a
request for power class for an inductive outlet in a cluster;
determining a minimum required power class for each inductive
outlet in a cluster; determining a balance of power available to
the power supply if the power class is granted; and adjusting said
request for power class to guaranty that said balance of the power
available is sufficient to satisfy said minimum required power
class of the rest of the inductive outlets associated with the same
power supply.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said inductive outlet is one of
at least one of associated outlets which is provided power by the
power supply.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein said minimum required power
class is provided by said inductive outlet.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein each load balancer uses wireless
media for communicating through the mesh network with other load
balancers and the controller.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure is directed to providing a platform for
inductive power transmission to electrical devices.
BACKGROUND
Inductive power coupling allows energy to be transferred from a
power supply to an electric load without connecting wires. A power
supply is wired to a primary coil and an oscillating electric
potential is applied across the primary coil which induces an
oscillating magnetic field. The oscillating magnetic field may
induce an oscillating electrical current in a secondary coil,
placed close to the primary coil. In this way, electrical energy
may be transmitted from the primary coil to the secondary coil by
electromagnetic induction without the two coils being conductively
connected. When electrical energy is transferred from a primary
coil to a secondary coil the pair are said to be inductively
coupled. An electric load wired across such a secondary coil may
draw energy from the power source when the secondary coil is
inductively coupled to the primary coil.
The efficiency of energy transfer via an inductive coupling is
greatly improved when the primary coil is well aligned with the
secondary coil and the gap between the coils is minimal. Thus in
transformers or other fixed inductive couplings the two coils are
often wound about each other. This is not practical, however in
systems where the coupling is of a temporary nature, and the
secondary coil is required to be easily separated from the primary
coil.
Alignment systems for inductive couplings for mobile devices
include for example, the system described in U.S. Pat. No.
7,210,940 to Baily et al., which describes an inductive coupling
for transferring electrical energy to or from a transducer and
measuring circuit. Baily's system consists of a male connector
having a single layer solenoid wound onto a ferromagnetic rod and a
female connector having a second, single layer solenoid. By
inserting the male connector into the female connector, the two
solenoids are brought into alignment, enabling inductive energy
transfer between them. This coupling provides a sealed signal
connection without the disadvantages of having exposed contact
surfaces.
Baily's system allows an electrical device wired to a male
connector to be moved independently from a power source wired to a
female connector, yet the pair may be coupled very precisely by
plugging the two together. However the plugging itself may unduly
restrict the freedom of movement of the electrical device which
cannot move beyond the length of the connecting lead. Moreover,
trailing leads are unsightly and may become snagged or tangled.
Other electrical power transmission systems have been proposed that
allow a power receiving electrical device to be placed anywhere
upon an extended base unit covering a larger area, thereby
providing freedom of movement without requiring the trailing wires
inherent in Baily. One such example is described in U.S. Pat. No.
7,164,255 to Hui. In Hui's system a planar inductive battery
charging system is designed to enable electronic devices to be
recharged. The system includes a planar charging module having a
charging surface on which a device to be recharged is placed.
Within the charging module, and parallel to the charging surface,
is at least one, and preferably an array of primary windings that
couple energy inductively to a secondary winding within the device
to be recharged. Hui's system also provides secondary modules that
allow the system to be used with conventional electronic devices
not supplied with secondary windings.
Such systems typically provide a relatively low power inductive
coupling which may be adequate for charging batteries. It will be
appreciated however, that extended base units such as Hui's
charging surface which transmit energy approximately uniformly over
the whole area of the unit, are not suitable for use with high
energy systems.
There is a need for a flexible inductive power transmission surface
which allows relatively high power to be cordlessly provided to
electrical devices positioned by a user anywhere over an extended
region. The present disclosure addresses this need.
SUMMARY
It is one aim of the disclosure to provide a power module for
providing power inductively to at least one electrical load, the
power module comprising at least one primary inductor, for
inductively coupling with at least one secondary inductor wired to
the electrical load, wherein the location of the primary inductor
is adjustable.
Optionally, the power module comprises a base unit having at least
one power dock for accommodating at least one primary inductor
unit. The power dock may comprise at least one of: a socket for
releasably receiving the primary inductor unit and a clip for
releasably securing the primary inductor unit. The primary inductor
unit may comprise at least one electrical contact for connecting
the primary inductor unit to a power line for providing power to
the primary inductor. The power line may comprise a signal line for
communicating between a controller and the primary inductor unit.
Typically, the power line comprises a three core cable. In
preferred embodiments primary inductor units are connected in
parallel to the at least one power line. Optionally, a plurality of
the primary inductor units are each connected to at least one power
hub, the power hub for controlling power distribution to the
primary inductor units.
In preferred embodiments the power module comprises at least one
connector for coupling the module to at least one further module.
Preferably, the connector comprises at least one mechanical
connector for mechanically coupling the module to a further module.
Additionally, the connector may comprise at least one electrical
contact for electrically coupling the module to a second module.
Typically the module further comprises a lid for covering the power
docks and thereby providing a generally smooth worktop.
Typically, the module has a tessellating shape for tiling a work
surface. The tessellating shape may be selected from the group
comprising inter alia: quadrilaterals, triangles, hexagons and
square based pentagons. In other embodiments, the module is
incorporated into a horizontal platform. The horizontal platform
may be selected from the group comprising, inter alia: table-tops,
kitchen work-tops, conference tables, work benches, desks and
floors. In still further embodiments the module may be incorporated
into the floors, ceilings or walls of a workspace.
Alternatively, the module comprises at least one flexible strip
capable of assuming a plurality of configurations within at least
one plane, such that the power dock is movable into the vicinity of
the secondary inductor. In some embodiments the flexible strip
comprises a ridged rim. Alternatively, the flexible strip comprises
a plurality of jointed sections. Optionally, the flexible strip
being closed into a band. In various embodiments the module
comprises a flexible material selected from the group comprising
elastomers, woven fabric, unwoven fabrics and polymers.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, a primary inductor
unit is presented for coupling with a secondary inductor unit wired
to an electrical device, the primary inductor unit being
connectable to at least one power dock of base unit.
It is a further aim of the disclosure to present a power module
comprising a plurality of the primary inductors and a common
driver, the driver for providing an oscillating voltage to the
primary inductors, wherein the primary inductors are connected to
the common driver via individual power switches. Preferably, each
of the power switches remains closed for as long as electric
current passes therethrough. Typically, the power switch comprises
a reed switch and a solenoid for providing a magnetic field in the
vicinity of the reed switch when the reed switch is closed.
Preferably, the power module additionally comprises a secondary
sensing unit, in communication with the driver, for detecting the
secondary inductor coupled to the primary inductor. Optionally the
sensing unit comprises an optical receiver for receiving an optical
signal from an optical emitter associated with the secondary
inductor.
It is still a further aim of the disclosure to provide an energy
management system for managing the power drawn by a power board
from a power source, the power board comprising a plurality of
electrical power jacks, wherein the energy management system
comprises: at least one power monitor for monitoring the power
drawn by the power board and for producing a power signal; at least
one load detector for detecting the presence of at least one load
coupled with at least one power jack of the power board and
producing a detection signal; and at least one controller for
receiving the power signal from the power monitor and the detection
signal from the load detector, selecting at least one power jack to
be activated and controlling power delivered to the at least one
power jack.
Optionally the energy management system additionally comprises at
least one energy reservoir.
Typically the energy reservoir is couplable to at least one of the
group comprising the power source and at least one the power
jack.
Preferably a reservoir monitor is provided for monitoring the level
of energy stored in the energy reservoir producing a reservoir
signal such that the controller receives the reservoir signal and
selectively couples the energy reservoir to the power source.
Typically the energy reservoir is selected from at least one of the
group comprising a voltaic cell, a capacitor, a fuel cell, a
supercapicitor, a flow battery and a superconducting magnetic
energy store.
In a preferred embodiment at least one load is a computer having
onboard rechargeable power cells and the energy reservoir being the
power cells. Typically software is provided for reducing screen
brightness of the computer by at least one degree.
Typically the power board comprises an array of inductive power
jacks for inductive coupling to inductive power plugs.
Optionally the load detector is selected from the group comprising
a volume sensor, an infra-red sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a hall
probe, a spring switch, a magnetic switch, a transmitter-receiver
arrangement and inductive coils.
Typically the controller is configured to connect a plurality of
the loads to the power source sequentially.
A further object of the disclosure is to introduce a method for
aligning a primary inductor wired to a power source, to a secondary
inductor wired to an electric load, the method comprising the steps
of: providing at least one adjustable power supply module
comprising said primary inductor; providing at least one secondary
inductor; adjusting the configuration of said adjustable module
such that said primary inductor is proximal said secondary
inductor; and aligning said secondary inductor to said primary
inductor.
Optionally, the method comprises the additional step of coupling
together a plurality of said modules such that said primary
inductor may be selectively positioned in a plurality of
locations.
Where the adjustable module comprises a plurality of power docks
for accommodating said primary inductor, a further step comprises
docking said primary inductor into at least one said power dock.
Where the adjustable module has a plurality of configurations, a
further step comprises selecting a configuration wherein said
primary inductor is in the vicinity of said secondary inductor.
Another aim of the disclosure is to introduce a method for
providing low maintenance inductive power transmission by:
embedding in a module a cluster comprising a plurality of primary
inductors each said primary inductor connected to a power switch,
said power switch being configured to remain closed for as long as
electric current passes therethrough; connecting all power switches
to a common driver, said driver for providing an oscillating
voltage to said cluster only if it receives an activation signal;
providing a inductive power receiver comprising a secondary
inductor wired to an electric load and at least one trigger
configured to close at least one said power switch when said
secondary inductor is aligned with the primary inductor associated
therewith; and providing a secondary detector configured to send
said activation signal to said driver when it detects a secondary
inductor coupled to said primary inductor.
Yet another object of the disclosure is to introduce a method for
managing the power drawn from a power source by a power board, the
power board comprising a plurality of electrical power jacks, the
method comprising the steps: providing at least one power monitor;
providing at least one load detector; providing at least one
controller; monitoring the power drawn by the power board and
producing a power signal; detecting at least one load coupled with
at least one power jack of the power board and producing a
detection signal; the controller receiving the power signal and the
detection signal; the controller selecting at least one power jack
to be activated; the controller determining a duty cycle for
connecting active power jacks; and connecting the active power
jacks according to the duty cycle.
Typically the duty cycle connects active power jacks individually
and sequentially.
Alternatively the duty cycle connects at least two active power
jacks simultaneously.
Optionally the power drawn by the power board is limited to a range
of values. Preferably the range is selected around the peak
efficiency power of the system.
Typically the method includes providing at least one energy
reservoir couplable to at least one of the group comprising the
power source and at least one the power jack.
Preferably the energy reservoir is connected to at least one
activated power jack when the activated power jack is disconnected
from the power source.
According to an aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter,
there is provided a hybrid power load balancing system configured
to manage the amount of power transfer via a plurality of inductive
coils, the system comprising one or more power supplies, a
plurality of inductive outlets associated with and configured to be
supplied power by each of the power supplies for providing power to
loads connected thereto, and a load balancer associated with each
of the outlets, wherein a power supply and its associated outlets
and load balancers constitute a cluster, and wherein the load
balancers are configured to grant power classes to the outlets to
supply at least a minimum required power class to each of the
attached loads.
The hybrid power load balancing system may further comprise a mesh
network configured to facilitate communication between the load
balancers.
The load balancers may be configured to determine, upon request of
a power class by an outlet associated with a power supply, the
amount of power available to other outlets associated with the
power supply if the request is granted.
The load balancers may be further configured to determine the
amount of power available to other outlets associated with the
power supply if a minimum power class necessary to operate a load
attached to the outlet is granted.
The load balancers may be further configured to deny power to an
outlet if the minimum power class necessary to operate the load is
not available.
The load balancers may be configured to update other load balancers
in their cluster with information regarding the cluster when it
grants a power class to an outlet.
The information regarding the cluster may comprise the number of
free outlets. The information regarding the cluster may comprise
the amount of power available for supply by the power supply.
The hybrid power load balancing system may further comprise a
controller configured to manage the load balancers. It may further
comprise a mesh network configured to facilitate communication
between the load balancers and the controller.
According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject
matter, there is provided a method for management of power
provisioning by an inductive outlet provided power by a power
supply, the method comprising:
receiving a request for a full power class for the outlet;
determining a minimum required power class for the outlet;
determining the amount of power available to the power source if
the full power class is granted;
if a minimum power class for each available associated outlet can
be met after granting the full power class, provisioning power at
the full power class;
if the minimum power class for each available associated outlet
cannot be met after granting the full power class, determining the
amount of power available to the power source if the minimum
required power class is granted; and
if the minimum power class for each available associated outlet
cannot be met after granting the full power class, and can be met
after granting the minimum required power class, provisioning power
at the minimum required power class.
The inductive outlet may be one of a plurality of associated
outlets provided power by the power supply.
The minimum required power class may be provided by the outlet.
According to a further aspect of the presently disclosed subject
matter, there is provided a method for providing power via an
inductive outlet, the method comprising: requesting, from a load
balancer, a full power class for the outlet; receiving, from the
load balancer, approval to provide an amount of power, the amount
ranging between a minimum required power class and the full power
class; and providing the approved amount of power.
The load balancer may determines the amount of power by:
determining a minimum required power class for the outlet;
determining the amount of power available to the power source if
the full power class is granted; if a minimum power class for each
available associated outlet can be met after granting the full
power class, the approved amount of power is the full power class;
if the minimum power class for each available associated outlet
cannot be met after granting the full power class, determining the
amount of power available to the power source if the minimum
required power class is granted; and if the minimum power class for
each available associated outlet cannot be met after granting the
full power class, and can be met after granting the minimum
required power class, the approved amount of power is the minimum
required power class.
The inductive outlet may be one of a plurality of associated
outlets provided power by the power supply.
The minimum required power class may be provided by the outlet.
According to a still further aspect of the presently disclosed
subject matter, there is provided a method for providing power to
an inductive outlet, the outlet being one of a plurality of
associated outlets provided power by a power supply, the method
comprising: requesting a full power class for the outlet;
determining a minimum required power class for the outlet;
determining the amount of power available to the power source if
the full power class is granted; if a minimum power class for each
available associated outlet can be met after granting the full
power class, granting the full power class; if the minimum power
class for each available associated outlet cannot be met after
granting the full power class, determining the amount of power
available to the power source if the minimum required power class
is granted; and if the minimum power class for each available
associated outlet cannot be met after granting the full power
class, and can be met after granting the minimum required power
class, granting the minimum required power class.
It is noted that the term `resonant frequency` or `effective
resonant frequency` as used herein refers to the frequency of the
peak value of a plot of a variable against frequency. It is
particularly noted that the resonant frequency effectively
increases as a resonant system is damped.
It is noted that in order to implement the methods or systems of
the disclosure, various tasks may be performed or completed
manually, automatically, or combinations thereof. Moreover,
according to selected instrumentation and equipment of particular
embodiments of the methods or systems of the disclosure, some tasks
may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or combinations
thereof using an operating system. For example, hardware may be
implemented as a chip or a circuit such as an ASIC, integrated
circuit or the like. As software, selected tasks according to
embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented as a plurality of
software instructions being executed by a computing device using
any suitable operating system.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, one or more tasks as
described herein may be performed by a data processor, such as a
computing platform or distributed computing system for executing a
plurality of instructions. Optionally, the data processor includes
or accesses a volatile memory for storing instructions, data or the
like. Additionally or alternatively, the data processor may access
a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk,
flash-drive, removable media or the like, for storing instructions
and/or data. Optionally, a network connection may additionally or
alternatively be provided. User interface devices may be provided
such as visual displays, audio output devices, tactile outputs and
the like. Furthermore, as required, user input devices may be
provided such as keyboards, cameras, microphones, accelerometers,
motion detectors or pointing devices such as mice, roller balls,
touch pads, touch sensitive screens or the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the disclosure and to show how it may
be carried into effect, reference will now be made, purely by way
of example, to the accompanying drawings.
With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is
stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for
purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of
the present disclosure only, and are presented in the cause of
providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily
understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of
the disclosure. In this regard, no attempt is made to show
structural details of the disclosure in more detail than is
necessary for a fundamental understanding of the disclosure; the
description taken with the drawings making apparent to those
skilled in the art how the several forms of the disclosure may be
embodied in practice. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic representation of a power
transmission platform with electrical devices thereupon according
to one embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a primary inductor unit for
use with the power transmission platform;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic representations showing two
alternative configurations of the power transmission platform;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic representations of a modular power
transmission platform according to another embodiment of the
disclosure;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic representations showing two
alternative configurations of a flexible power strip in accordance
with a further embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 6A-D are schematic representations showing two embodiments of
a band used to provide flexibility for the flexible power
strip;
FIGS. 7A-D show multiple primary inductor units arranged in a
daisy-chain configuration according to various embodiments of the
disclosure;
FIGS. 8A-C show multiple primary inductor units arranged in a hub
configuration according to various embodiments of the
disclosure;
FIGS. 9A and 9B are flowcharts outlining methods for providing
power to electrical devices using power transmission platforms of
embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the main features of a switching
system for controlling an inductive power outlet;
FIGS. 11A-C are schematic diagrams of an inductive power outlet
incorporating a protected switch according to one embodiment of the
disclosure;
FIG. 11A shows the inductive power outlet in its inactive
configuration;
FIG. 11B shows the inductive power outlet activated to transfer
power to a secondary unit inductively coupled thereto;
FIG. 11C shows the inductive power outlet following the removal of
the secondary unit;
FIG. 12 shows a multicoil inductive power outlet incorporating a
cluster of primary coils each connected to a single driver via
protected switches according to another embodiment of the
disclosure, and
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method for activating and
deactivating an inductive power outlet using a protected switch
system.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an energy management system for
controlling power distribution in a multi-coil power platform;
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the energy
management system having an energy reservoir for storing
energy;
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the energy
management system having individual energy reservoirs for each
power jack;
FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of the energy
management system connected to loads having onboard energy
reservoirs;
FIG. 18 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of
the energy management system used to power two computers having
onboard power cells, and
FIG. 19 shows typical duty cycles for sharing power between five
loads
FIG. 20 illustrates a hybrid power load balancing system (HPLBS);
and
FIG. 21 illustrates a method of supplying power to an outlet of the
HPLBS illustrated in FIG. 20.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are
disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the
disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that
may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are
not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or
minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore,
specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not
to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis
for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present
invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the present disclosure relates to an inductive
power transmission platform 100 for accommodating a plurality of
primary inductor units 200a, 200b, 200c. The inductive power
transmission surface 100 may be incorporated, for example, into a
table top for powering or charging electrical devices 320, such as,
inter alia, a laptop computer 320a, a mobile phone 320b and a
standing lamp 320c, placed thereupon.
The transmission platform 100 includes a plurality of power docks
120, into which the primary inductor units 200 are affixable. For
high density coverage, the power docks 120 may be arranged in a
rectangular or staggered hexagonal (honeycomb) array.
It is a particular feature of some embodiments of the current
disclosure that primary inductor units 200a, 200b, 200c may be
positioned in any of the docks, and thus the arrangement of primary
inductor units 200 may be varied to meet specific needs, perhaps on
a custom basis.
Electrical devices 320, such as a computer 320a, mobile telephone
320b or a desk lamp 320c, for example, may be provided with
secondary inductors 322 for coupling with the primary inductor
units 200 to draw power therefrom.
Each primary inductor units 200 may be secured into place at a dock
120 by a fastening means 122 such as clips arranged around the dock
120. Preferably, the primary inductive coil unit 200 may be
snap-fitted into a dock 120 by pushing it manually into position,
and released therefrom by pulling. It will be apparent that other
securing means such as clasps, sockets and the like may
alternatively perform the function illustrated here by the clips
122.
The primary inductor units 200 are connected to a power source by a
supply power line 222. Short-length connecting power lines 224a,
224b may be used to connect a chain of primary inductor units 200
together. The power lines 222, 224 may be electrically coupled to
the primary inductor units 200 via connecting plugs 240. Power
lines 222, 224, typically include two power cores 221a and 221b
(FIG. 2) for providing the varying potential used to power the
primary inductor units 200 as well as a signal line 223 for
providing a communications channel between a controller (not shown)
and the primary inductor units 200 for controlling the power
distribution. It will be appreciated that various connection
configurations may be preferred for certain applications such as
hub configurations or the like as described below.
Typically the power platform 100 is covered by a lid 140, providing
a generally smooth worktop 300. By aligning the secondary inductors
322 with primary inductor units 200 situated at access points
380a-c below the smooth worktop 300, power may be transferred to
the associated electrical devices 320.
By way of example, only, the inductive platform 100 described
hereinabove is a module adapted to be placed onto a desk-top. It is
noted, however, that primary inductor units 200 may be usefully
affixed to or within other work surfaces such as within a desk-top,
a kitchen work-top, a conference table, a work bench, as an
under-floor arrangement or the like, which may optionally be
covered to produce a generally smooth working area. Indeed in other
embodiments of the disclosure, primary inductor units 100 may be
embedded into non-horizontal surfaces such as the walls of a room,
a ceiling, or the side of a cabinet for example.
Although, inductive power transferred from a suitable primary
inductor unit 100 may be used for recharging a mobile phone 320b,
as previously described in systems such as that described in U.S.
Pat. No. 7,164,255 to Hui, referenced hereinabove, it is a
particular feature of embodiments of the disclosure, that because
the power may be supplied at specific (albeit user configurable)
locations within the surface, and not generally simultaneously all
over an extended surface, high power, even that sufficient for
directly powering a computer 320a, a desk lamp 320c or the like,
may be inductively provided where needed.
One embodiment of a primary inductor unit 200 is represented in
FIG. 2. A coil 201 of conductive material is nested between a
central shaft 203a and an encompassing ring 203b of a ferromagnetic
flux guiding core 203, such as a ferrite material. A contact socket
205 on the outer surface 206 of the primary inductor unit 200 is
configured to receive the connecting plug 240 of a power line 220.
The power line 220 is typically a three core cable having two power
cores 221a and 221b as well as a signal line 223. The primary
inductor unit 200 is secured to the power transmission surface 100
by being pushed into the power dock 120 where it may be fastened
into place by a clip 122 or the like.
In contradistinction to prior art systems, in preferred embodiments
of the current disclosure the primary inductor units 200 are
movable within or over the surface to which they are attached or
else removable therefrom. It will be apparent, therefore that the
arrangement of the primary inductor units 200 may be configured and
reconfigured, thereby allowing the transmission surface 300 to be
customized to suit various and perhaps changing needs.
With reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the same power transmission
platform 100 is shown in two alternative configurations.
With particular reference to FIG. 3A, three primary inductor units
202, 204, 206 are connected to three separate power docks 120a,
120b, 120c respectively. Primary inductor units 200a-c may be
suited for particular devices, so, for example a low power primary
inductor unit 200b may be optimized to recharge a mobile phone 320b
whereas a high power primary inductor 200a may be optimized to
power a computer 320a and a medium power primary inductor 200c may
be optimized to power a desk lamp 320c for example.
By way of example only, a right handed user may choose to customize
the primary inductor units 200a, 200b ergonomically so that the
mobile phone 320b may be placed to the right of the computer 320a,
say, where it may be easily reached. However, a left handed user
may desire to reconfigure the power transmission platform 100, as
shown in FIG. 3B, so that the lamp 320c and the mobile telephone
320b are situated to the left of the computer 320a. Such a
reconfiguration may be achieved by rearranging the primary inductor
units 200 on the power transmission platform 100, connecting them
to other power docks 120d, 120e, 120f, located more conveniently
for the requirements of the new configuration.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 4A and 4B, showing a modular power
platform 110 according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
Where the area of the required work surface is greater than the
area of the individual module 110 more than one module may be
coupled together to form a larger transmission surface 310.
Mechanical connectors 400, such as clips, hook-and-eye connectors,
magnets and the like, are preferably provided around the perimeter
420 of the module for releasably attaching two modules 110
mechanically. Electrical contacts 440 may also be used to provide
electrical communication between the power lines 224 of adjacent
modules 110.
Referring particularly to FIG. 4B, module tiles 110a-g may be
coupled together both electrically and mechanically. Connectors 242
may be used to electrically connect power lines 224 within each
tile 110 to electrical contacts 440 on the tile perimeter,
alternatively longer power lines 226 may be used to directly couple
individual primary coil units. A horizontal transmission surface
310 is thereby provided upon which electrical devices 320 may be
placed. Electrical devices 320, such as a computer 320a, mobile
telephone 320b or a desk lamp 320c, for example, may be provided
with secondary inductive coils 322 for coupling with the primary
coils 200 embedded within transmission surface 310. Power may be
transferred to the electrical devices 320 by aligning the secondary
inductive coils 322 associated with the electrical devices 320 with
access points 380a c upon the transmission surface 310 at which the
primary coils 200 are located.
Although only hexagonal tiles 110 are described hereabove, it will
be apparent that any tessellating shape may be used to produce a
power transmission surface 310. Tiles of any tessellating shape may
be used, such as quadrilaterals, triangles, square based pentagons,
hexagons, etc. Alternatively, tiles may be produced in
complementary tessellating pairs, such as octagons and squares for
example, so as to provide semi-regular tessellations, or an
octagonal array with spaces therewithin may be provided.
Optionally, an extended cover 145 may be provided for covering a
plurality of tiles 110, as well as the seams 112 between adjacent
tiles 110. In this way a generally smooth transmission surface 310
may be provided suitable for a variety of applications.
Still another embodiment of the disclosure is shown in FIGS. 5A and
5B. Referring particularly to FIG. 5A, a flexible base unit is
configured as a strip 102 for inductively providing power to a
plurality of electrical devices such as a laptop computer 520.
Primary inductor units 200a-h are incorporated within a band 130
for inductively coupling with secondary inductors wired to the
electrical devices. It is a particular feature of this embodiment
of the present disclosure that the configuration of the band 130
may be adjusted to suit a plurality of needs.
By way of example, the usefulness of the flexible power strip 102
may be illustrated by considering the following situation. One
power strip 102 may be closed into a band and overlaid upon a
conference table 302 and used to power four laptop computers 520a
d, each perhaps used by a different participant at a meeting. Each
computer 520 has a secondary coil unit 322 associated therewith.
The secondary coil units 322 may be external units 324 coupled to a
computer by a connecting lead 326, alternatively computers and the
like may include hardwired integral secondary coils. A first
configuration C1 of the power strip 102 may be selected such that
there is at least one primary coil unit 200a-d within reach of each
computer 520a-d. A fifth participant may subsequently join the
meeting bringing a fifth laptop 520e computer, as shown in FIG. 5B.
Because the first configuration C1 was selected to best suit the
needs of four computers 520a d, there may be no primary coil unit
200 within reach of the extra computer 520e. The inherent
flexibility of the power strip 102 allows it to be adjusted into a
second configuration C2 in which an extra primary coil unit 200e is
brought into the vicinity of the extra computer 520e.
In addition to a conference table 300 as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B,
it will be appreciated that flexible power strips 102 of
embodiments of the disclosure may be placed on or incorporated
within other work surfaces including desk-tops, kitchen work-tops,
work benches, floors and the like. Indeed, the flexible strip 102
may also be vertically mounted on a wall for example.
An exemplary flexible band 130 is shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. A
flexible material is provided with ridged edges 132. The flexible
material may be inter alia an elastomer such as rubber, butadiene,
neopropene or the like, a woven fabric, an unwoven fabric such as
felt or the like. The flexible band 130 may be arranged in a
straight configuration as shown in FIG. 6A in which the ridges 134
are all of the same dimensions. Alternatively, the band 130 may be
bent to provide a curved configuration as shown in FIG. 6B wherein
ridges 134a-c long the outer edge 132a are wider than the ridges
134d-f along the inner edge 132b.
Referring now to FIGS. 6C and 6D, alternative flexible strips 150
or bands may include jointed sections 152a-j, articulated frames or
the like, which may be bent in at least one plane to provide a
plurality of configurations of the band 150A, 150B.
Referring to FIG. 7A, primary inductor units 200a-e may be arranged
in a daisy-chain configuration controlled by a controller 260 wired
to a power source. The primary inductor units 200 are connected by
connecting power lines 220 which conductively connect the primary
coils 201 to the power source via switching units 270a-e. The
switching units 270a-e are in communication with the controller 260
via a signal line 223 and are configured and operable to activate
the primary coils 201 when they receive a signal. FIG. 7B shows how
the daisy-chain configuration may be incorporated into a power
platform. Similarly, the daisy-chain configuration may be
incorporated into other embodiments of the disclosure such as the
modular power platform or flexible power platform as shown in FIG.
7C and FIG. 7D respectively.
Referring to FIG. 8A, an alternative hub-control configuration of
the primary inductor units 200a-e is shown. The primary inductor
units 200a-e are controlled centrally from a single control hub 280
which is wired to the power source. Each primary coil 201a-e is
conductively connected directly to the control hub 280 via power
lines 220. The control hub 280 is thus able to directly and
individually connect each primary coil 201a-e to the power source.
FIG. 8B shows how the hub-control configuration may be incorporated
into the power platform and FIG. 8C shows the hub-control
configuration incorporated into a modular platform.
It will be appreciated that electronic driving circuitry is
necessary to drive the primary coils 201 such as, for example a
high frequency voltage oscillator. Driving electronics may be
provided by the controller 260 alongside a selector for selecting
which primary coil 201 is to be driven. Alternatively, the driving
electronics may be incorporated within the switching units 270 of
the individual primary inductor units 200 and the controller 260
may serve to select the primary inductor unit(s) 200 to be
activated.
With further reference to the flowchart of FIG. 9A, a method for
wirelessly providing power using the power transmission platform
100 described above is presented. Power transmission modules 110
comprising at least one power dock 120 are provided (step a).
Optionally, at least two power transmission modules 110 are coupled
together along a common edge to form a larger surface (step b).
Primary inductor units 200 are provided for inductively coupling
with secondary inductive coils wired to electrical devices (step
c). At least one primary inductor unit 200 is incorporated within
the power transmission surface (step d). Power lines 220 are
provided for providing power to the primary coil units (step e) and
the primary inductor units 200 are electrically connected therewith
(step f). An electrical device wired to a secondary inductor is
provided (step g) and the secondary inductor is aligned to one of
the primary inductor units 200 (step h). A varying electric
potential is applied to the primary inductive coil 201 via the
power line 222 (step i) and the secondary inductive coil 322
inductively receives power transmitted by the primary inductive
coil 201 thereby providing power to an electrical load coupled
therewith.
With further reference to the flowchart of FIG. 9B, a second method
for wirelessly providing power using the flexible power strip 102
described above is presented. An adjustable flexible band 130 is
provided which may assume a plurality of configurations and which
has at least one power dock 120 incorporated therein (step a').
Primary inductor units 200 are provided for inductively coupling
with secondary inductive coils wired to electrical devices (step
b'). At least one primary coil unit 200 is docked to the flexible
band (step c'). Power lines 220 are provided for providing power to
the primary inductor units (step d') and the primary inductor units
200 are electrically connected therewith (step e'). The
configuration of the flexible band 130 is adjusted such that a
primary inductor unit 200 is brought into the vicinity of an
electrical device such as a computer 520 wired to a secondary
inductive coil (step f). The secondary inductive coil is aligned to
one of the primary inductor unit 200 of the strip 102 (step g'). A
varying electric potential is applied to the primary inductive coil
201 via the power line 222 (step h') and the secondary inductive
coil 322 inductively receives power transmitted by the primary
inductive coil 201 thereby providing power to the electrical device
320.
Referring back to the switching units 270, used to control the
primary inductors 201, it is noted that power switches are an
important safety component in any power outlets since they may
serve to cut off the power outlet from its power source. This is
particularly important in inductive power outlets which do not
typically require conductive contact to transmit power. In
inductive power outlets, the power switches may be necessary to
prevent power leakages.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,744, to Sabo, titled "Alignment independent and
self aligning inductive power transfer system" describes an
inductive power transfer device for recharging cordless appliances.
Sabo's device includes a plurality of inductors which each serve as
the primary coil of a transformer. The secondary coil of the
transformer is arranged within the appliance. When the appliance is
positioned proximate to the power transfer device with the primary
and secondary coils in alignment, power is inductively transferred
from the device to the appliance via the transformer.
The inductors of Sabo's system are arranged in an array and
connected to a power supply via power switches, embedded in the
power transfer device. The power switches are selectively operable
to activate associated inductors. The power switches conserve power
and prevent the transmission of electromagnetic fields from the
inductors of the power transfer system. Such power switches are
switched each time an inductor is activated and deactivated and
consequently deteriorate relatively quickly. Moreover, because the
switches are embedded within the power transfer device, they are
not easily replaceable.
Reference is now made to FIG. 10 showing a block diagram of the
main features of a switching system 10 for controlling a primary
inductive unit 20 according to various embodiments of the present
disclosure.
The primary inductive unit 20 consists of a primary inductor 22,
wired to a power supply 24, for inductively coupling with a
secondary inductor 32, housed in a secondary unit 30, wired to an
electric load 34.
The primary coil 22 is wired to the power supply 24 via a driver 23
which provides the electronics necessary to drive the primary coil
22. Driving electronics provides a high frequency oscillating
voltage supply. Where the power outlet 20 consists of more than one
primary coil 22, the driver 23 may additionally consist of a
selector for selecting which primary coil 22 is to be driven.
The power outlet 20 is controlled by a switching system 10
consisting of a power switch 12, for connecting the primary coil 22
to the driver 23, and a sensing unit 14 in communication with the
switch 12 and the driver 23, for detecting a secondary coil 32 in
proximity to the primary coil 22. When the sensing unit 14 detects
that a secondary coil 32 is within range of the primary coil 22,
the power switch 12 is closed.
Opening a closed switch while current is flowing may cause arcing,
with a spark formed across the gap. Such arcing or sparking is
problematic as it can lead to deterioration or failure of the
switch.
Sparking occurs when the voltage drop between the contacts is large
and the gap between the contacts is small enough that the voltage
discharges across the gap. These conditions typically occur when a
power switch is opened while current is passing through it.
Sparking may corrode the contacts by the formation of an insulating
oxide layer which prevents the contacts from forming a conductive
bridge even when they are in contact with one another. Moreover,
the effective contact area may be decreased due to erosion which
increases the resistance and causes overheating and possibly even
fire.
The number of times a switch may be switched on and off before
being replaced is limited by the build up of the non-conductive
oxide layer. Thus in systems requiring frequent switching standard
switches are unsuitable. In preferred embodiments of the present
disclosure the power switch 12 is not used to disconnect the
primary coil 22 from the driver 23 while the primary coil 22 is
active. Rather, when the sensing unit 14 detects that the secondary
coil 32 has been moved out of range of the primary coil 22, the
driver 23 is deactivated before the power switch 12 is opened.
Thus, the current stops flowing through the power switch 12 before
the power switch 12 is opened. This prevents sparking between the
contacts (not shown) of the power switch 12.
A schematic diagram of an exemplary switching system 1100 for
controlling an inductive power outlet 1200 is shown in FIGS. 11A-C
according to another embodiment of the disclosure. The switching
system 1100 consists of a reed switch 1120, a solenoid 1122 and a
secondary sensing unit 1140. The reed switch 1120 is configured to
close when a magnet 1130 is brought into proximity therewith, the
solenoid 1122 is configured to produce a magnetic field of
sufficient magnitude to keep the reed switch 1120 closed and the
secondary sensing unit 1140 is configured to detect the presence of
a secondary coil 1320.
When closed, the reed switch 1120 connects a primary coil 1220 to a
driver 1230 which is wired to a power supply 1240. Additionally,
the reed switch 1120 also connects the power supply 1240 to the
solenoid 1122. The solenoid 1122 thus produces a magnetic field
which keeps the reed switch 1120 closed. In this way, once the reed
switch 1120 has been closed by the magnet 1130, the magnet 1130 can
be removed without the reed switch 1120 opening.
The reed switch 1120 is protected from sparking because its
contacts are held together by the magnetic field of the solenoid
1122 for as long as current flows therethrough. Although a reed
switch is described hereabove it is noted that in other embodiments
of the disclosure, other magnetically sensitive switches such as
Hall switches or the like may be preferred.
The secondary sensing unit 1140 is configured to detect when a
secondary coil 1320 is inductively coupled to the primary coil
1220. When a secondary coil 1320 is detected, an activation signal
Si is sent to the driver 1230, which then drives the primary coil
1220. When the secondary coil 1320 is removed, the secondary
sensing unit 1140 sends a deactivation signal S0 to the driver
1230, which then stops driving the primary coil 1220.
The secondary sensing unit 1140 may include, for example, an
optical receiver 1142 associated with the primary coil 1220 which
is configured to receive a detection signal from an optical emitter
1144 associated with the secondary coil 1320.
Alternatively or additionally, the secondary sensing unit 1140 may
be configured to receive a detection signal such as some standard
data signal of a type widely used in computing and
telecommunications, for example an Infra-red, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
signal or the like. Indeed, any light emitting diodes, radio
transmitters, optocouplers, ultrasonic transducers or other such
emitters may be used.
According to another embodiment of the disclosure (not shown) a
reception circuit may be incorporated within the driver for
monitoring the power drawn from the primary coil. This reception
circuit may be configured to deactivate the driver when no load is
detected. Optionally, a corresponding transmission circuit,
comprising an ancillary load connected to the secondary coil via a
switching unit in parallel to the main electrical load, may be used
to modulate the power received by the secondary coil so that data
may be transferred to the reception circuit.
FIG. 11A shows the inductive power outlet 1200 in its inactive
configuration with no secondary coil 1320 coupled thereto. In this
configuration, the reed switch 1120 is open and the primary coil
1220 is disconnected from the driver.
In FIG. 11B a secondary unit 1300 is shown aligned to the inductive
power outlet 1200. The secondary unit 1300 comprises a secondary
coil 1320, wired to an electric load 1340, a magnet 1130,
configured to close the reed switch 1120 and an optical emitter
1144. When the secondary unit 1300 is positioned relative to the
inductive power outlet 1200 such that the secondary coil 1320 is
aligned with the primary coil 1220, the magnet 1320 closes the reed
switch 1120 connecting the driver 1230 to the primary coil 1220.
Moreover, the detector 1142 receives a detection signal from the
emitter 1144 thereby activating the driver 1230. Consequently, the
primary coil 1220 transfers energy inductively to the secondary
coil 1320.
With reference to FIG. 11C, the inductive power outlet 1200 is
shown during the short time interval between the secondary unit
1300 being removed and the driver 1230 being deactivated. With the
secondary unit 1300 removed, the magnet 1130 is no longer close
enough to the reed switch 1120 to keep the reed switch 1120 closed
(otherwise it is the magnet). However, the protective solenoid 1122
is still connected to the active driver 1130 and therefore, itself
provides a magnetic field of sufficient strength to keep the reed
switch 1120 closed. The detector 1142 no longer receives the
detection signal from the emitter 1144 so a deactivation signal is
passed to the driver 1230 which stops driving the primary coil
1220. The driver 1230 stops providing power to the primary coil
1220, the protective solenoid 1122 is disconnected and the reed
switch 1120 opens. The inductive power outlet 1200 therefore adopts
its inactive configuration as shown in FIG. 2a. It is noted that,
because the driver 1230 is deactivated before the reed switch 1120
opens, sparking is avoided since current stops flowing through the
reed switch 1120 prior to being unplugged.
Reference is now made to FIG. 12 which shows a schematic diagram of
a multicoil inductive power outlet 2200 controlled by protected
power switches 2120 according to a further embodiment of the
disclosure. The multicoil inductive power outlet 2200 includes a
cluster 2210 of primary inductive coils 2220a-d. All of the primary
inductive coils 2220a-d are connected to a single driver 2230 via
separate power switches 2120a-d each protected by a solenoid
2122a-d. The multicoil inductive power outlet may, for example, be
incorporated into a flat surface 2400, such as a desk top, to
provide power inductively to electrical devices placed upon the
surface 2400.
A secondary unit 2300 is configured to receive power from the
inductive power outlet 2200. The secondary unit 2300 consists of a
secondary coil 2320 wired to an electrical load 2340 and a
triggering mechanism 2130, such as a magnet for closing a reed
switch. Secondary units 2300 may be inductive power receivers,
integral or retrofitted to electrical devices such as computers,
televisions and the like.
The secondary unit 2300 is located such that its triggering magnet
2130 closes the protected power switch 2120a thereby connecting the
associated primary inductive coil 2220a to the driver 2230. A
secondary detector 2140a is configured to send an activation signal
to the driver 2230 indicating that the secondary inductive coil
2320 is coupled to the primary inductive coil 2220a.
When the driver 2230 receives the activation signal, an oscillating
voltage is provided to the cluster 2210. Although the driver 2230
provides the oscillating voltage to the whole cluster 2210, only
one of the power switches 2120a is closed. Therefore only the
primary inductive coil 2220a associated with the closed power
switch 2120a is activated. All other primary coils 2220b-d remain
inactive.
Although the secondary unit 2300 is shown drawing power from one
primary inductive coil 2220a, it will be appreciated that the
secondary unit 2300 may be alternatively aligned with any other
primary inductive coil 2220b-d.
When the secondary unit 2300 is moved away from a primary inductive
coil 2220a, the trigger magnet 2130 is removed from the associated
power switch 2120a but the switch 2120a remains closed. The
secondary detector 2140a detects that the secondary coil 2320 is no
longer coupled to the primary coil 2220a and sends a deactivation
signal to the driver 2230. The driver 2230 stops providing the
oscillating voltage and the power switch 2120a opens without
sparking.
The secondary unit 2300 may then be brought into alignment with
another primary inductive coil 2220b. The associated power switch
2120b is closed by the triggering magnet 2130 and the secondary
detector 2140b sends an activation signal to the driver 2230. It is
noted that two or more primary inductive coils 2220 may be
controlled by a common secondary detector 2140.
In preferred embodiments, the secondary unit 2300 additionally
includes an internal power source 2330, such as a voltaic cell,
capacitor or the like, for providing power to the load 2340 during
transition between the primary inductive coils 2220. In this way
the secondary unit 2300 may be moved between the primary inductive
coils 2220 without a user noticing the transition.
It is a particular feature of this embodiment of the disclosure
that since only one driver 2230 is needed to control the whole
multicoil cluster 2210, the system requires minimal maintenance.
Consequently, the power switches 2120 and primary coils 2220 may be
embedded into surfaces 2400, such as desktops, flat electrical
appliances, walls, floors and so on. The central driver 2230, which
is a more costly component, may usefully be housed in a remote unit
where it may be more easily accessed. This represents an advantage
over prior art inductive power systems where each primary coil
typically requires a separate driver or a specialized power
switch.
A large coil cluster 2210 with a high coil density may be
incorporated with a single driver 2230 into a surface 2400. Thus,
power may be provided to a secondary unit 2300 placed anywhere on
the surface 2400 and even when the secondary unit 2300 is moved
across the surface 2400. Despite power being directed to single
units in turn, the user experience of such a surface 2400 is that
the whole surface 2400 is power enabled.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method for providing a low
maintenance inductive power transmission said method comprising the
following steps: embedding, in a surface, a cluster comprising a
plurality of primary inductive coils each connected to a power
switch, the power switch being configured to remain closed for as
long as electric current passes therethrough--step (alpha);
connecting all power switches to a common driver, the driver for
providing an oscillating voltage to the cluster only if it receives
an activation signal--step (beta); providing a inductive power
receiver comprising a secondary inductive coil wired to an electric
load and at least one trigger configured to close at least one
power switch when the secondary inductive coil is aligned with the
primary inductive coil associated therewith--step (gamma); and
providing a secondary detector configured to send said activation
signal to said driver when it detects a secondary inductive coil
coupled to said primary inductive coil--step (delta).
According to further embodiments of the disclosure, the power
distribution to the inductors of a multi-coil inductive outlet may
be controlled by an energy management system. Referring now to FIG.
14 an exemplary energy management system 4100 is shown coupled to a
power source 4300 and connected to a plurality of loads 4200a-f.
The power source 4300 is electrically coupled to a power board 4110
via a controller 4150. The controller 4150 is configured to receive
a power signal SP from a power monitor 4130 and a load signal SL
from a load monitor 4140. The power board 4300 includes a plurality
of electrical power jacks 4120a-f which may be coupled to a
plurality of electrical loads 4200a-f.
When a load 4200 is coupled to a jack 4120, the load 4200 is
detected by the load detector 4140. The load signal SL relays this
information to the controller 4150. For example, in FIG. 14 only
three loads 4200a, 4200b and 4200f are connected to power jacks
4120. As a result the controller 4150 provides power to the active
jacks 4120a, 4120b and 4120f which are connected to those loads
4200a, 4200b and 4200f but not to the inactive jacks 4200c, 4200d
and 4200e to which no loads are connected. If an additional load
4200c is connected to an inactive jack 120c then this load 200c is
detected by the load detector 4140 which sends a signal to the
controller 4150. The controller 4150 then activates the inactive
jack 4120c thereby providing power to the new load 4200c.
Although various modes by which a load detector 4140 may locate
loads 4200 may be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, a
selection of possible methods includes: external sensors such as
volume sensors, infra-red sensors, ultrasonic sensors, hall probes
or the like, perhaps using simple triangulation to locate the load
4200; connecting load 4200 to a jack 4120 to close a detection
circuit for example by pushing down a spring switch that is
conductively connecting two contacts or the like; magnetic switches
in the power board 4110 that may detect the presence of a magnet
embedded in the load 4200, possibly using a magnetic key to
identify the load; transmitters 4290 (FIG. 17) embedded in the load
4200 transmitting signals such as for example infra-red signals,
radio signals or the like to a receiver 4190 (FIG. 4) in the load
detector 4140; and primary inductive coils in the power board 4110
which may be used to locate a secondary inductive coil in a load
4200 by scanning at low power and detecting additional power drawn
by a load 4200.
In addition, the controller 4150 is configured to regulate the
power delivered to the power jacks 4120a-f. The power monitor 4130
monitors the power delivered to the power board 4110 and relays
this information to the controller in the power signal SP. The
controller 4150 is preconfigured to provide power to the power
jacks 4120 in a manner at least partially determined by the power
signal SP. Power may be provided to more than one power jack 4120
in a number of ways, such as simultaneously, sequentially or
intermittently, for example.
An exemplary energy management system may be used to regulate the
current being drawn by the power board 4100 from the power source
4300. The controller 4150 may be preconfigured to limit the current
drawn I.sub.in from the power source 4300 such that it will not
exceed a maximum value. The current drawn by the power board
I.sub.in depends upon the current i.sub.a-f drawn by all connected
loads 4200. When the connected loads 4200a, 400b and 4200f draw too
much current i.sub.a, i.sub.b and i.sub.f the current drawn
I.sub.in from the power source 4300 may exceed its maximum value.
In such a scenario, the controller 4150 may be preconfigured to
sequentially switch between the active power jacks 4120a, 4120b and
4120f according to a predetermined duty cycle. Thus the total
current drawn by the connected loads 4200a, 4200b and 4200f is
limited thereby, maintaining the current I.sub.in drawn by the
power board at a level below its maximum value.
Reference is now made to FIG. 15 showing a second embodiment of the
energy management system 4101 having an energy reservoir 4160 such
as a voltaic cell, a capacitor, a fuel cell, a super-capacitor, a
flow battery, a superconducting magnetic energy store or the like.
A reservoir monitor 4170 is configured to monitor the energy level
of the energy reservoir 4160 and relay this information to the
controller 4151 in reservoir signal S.sub.R.
In the second embodiment of the energy management system 4101, the
controller 4151 is preconfigured to selectively charge up the
energy reservoir 4160, for example when the power signal S.sub.P
indicates that the power being drawn from the power source 4300 is
low. This function may be used to provide a lower limit upon the
drawn current I.sub.in.
Furthermore, as outlined above, when the drawn current I.sub.in
exceeds its upper limit, active power jacks 4120 are intermittently
connected to the power source 4300 according to a duty cycle. In
the second embodiment of the energy management system 4101, the
energy reservoir 4160, once it has been charged, may be used to
provide power to active power jacks 4120 for the duration of the
cycle when they are disconnected from the power source 4300. Thus
uninterrupted power is provided to all the loads 4200a-f
continuously.
It will be appreciated that by limiting the operating parameters of
the energy management system 4101 to fall within a specific range,
the efficiency of the system 4101 may be optimized to minimize the
power lost when operating within this precisely known range. Thus
the energy management system 4101 may significantly reduce energy
losses particularly when operating over long periods of time.
In FIG. 16 a third embodiment of the energy management system 4102
is shown wherein each of the power jacks 4122a-f has an
individually coupled energy reservoir 4162a-f which are all
monitored by a reservoir monitor 4172. The controller 4152 may
control each jack 4122 and may switch between charging the
reservoir 4162, supplying power directly to the jack 4122 or both
simultaneously.
Referring now to FIG. 17 a fourth embodiment of the energy
management system 103 is shown. Here each load 4203a-f carries its
own energy reservoir 4263. Transmitters 4290a-f in communication
with the loads transmit signals to a receiver 4190 in communication
with the reservoir monitor 4173 thereby providing data regarding
the power level of energy reservoirs 4263.
When the controller 4153 connects a power jack 4123a-f to the power
source 4300, the coupled load 4203a-f automatically charges the
energy reservoir 4263a-f and directly powers the load 4203a-f
simultaneously. When the controller 4153 disconnects a power jack
4123a-f, the coupled load 4203a-f automatically draws power from
its own energy reservoir 4263a-f The controller 4153 receiving the
reservoir signal S.sub.R may thus be configured to provide power
intermittently to each load 4203a-f such that the power level of
each reservoir 4263a-f is maintained. In this manner each load 4200
is able to operate continuously and the power drawn from the power
source 4300 is minimized.
A preferred embodiment of the energy management system 4105 is
shown in FIG. 18. With reference to FIG. 18, a power board 4114
comprises an array of inductive power jacks 4124, each inductive
power jack 4124 has a primary inductive coil 1242 and a magnetic
switch 1244. Two computers 4204a, 4204b having onboard power cells
4264a, 4264b are coupled to the power board 4114 via inductive
power plugs 4224a, 4224b. Each of the inductive power plugs 4224a,
4224b includes a secondary inductive coil 2242 and a magnet 2244. A
power monitor 4134, load detector 4144 and reservoir monitor 4174
provide control signals for a controller 4154 which regulates the
power drawn from a power source 4304 and delivered to the power
jacks 4124.
When an inductive power plug 4224a, 4224b is brought into proximity
with an inductive power jack 4114a, 4114b the magnet 2244 triggers
the magnetic switch 1244. This sends a signal to the load detector
4144 which is relayed to the controller such that the associated
inductive power jack 4114a, 4114b is activated. Radio transmitters
4294a, 4294b transmit the power level of the onboard cells 4264a,
4264b to a receiver 4194 in communication with the reservoir
monitor 4174. The controller can thereby monitor the level of the
onboard cells 4264 of connected computers 4204 and selectively
connect and disconnect the power jacks 4114a, 4114b thereby
ensuring that the power drawn from the power source 4304 is
minimized.
It is further noted that if the transmitters 4294 are configured to
be in close proximity to the receivers 4194, they may be used to
provide data-transfer at low power. By using low power Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth signals, for example, the power demanded by these
applications may be minimized.
Typical duty cycles for providing power to five loads are shown in
FIG. 6. A constant power level P is drawn throughout the duty
cycle. However, this power is delivered sequentially to each of the
five loads. Load A receives power P for a short time interval
.delta.t.sub.1 and is then disconnected for a longer interval
.delta.t.sub.off. Once Load A is disconnected Load B is connected
for a time interval .delta.t.sub.2 and then switched off. All loads
are connected sequentially over the time period .DELTA.t of the
duty cycle and then the cycle is repeated. Typically all loads are
connected for equal time intervals .delta.t.sub.1-5, however it
will be appreciated that unequal time intervals may be
accommodated.
Thus, according to various embodiments of the current disclosure,
an adjustable platform is provided for providing movable inductive
outlets. Preferably a user is able to position the inductive
outlets as required. Optionally, the inductive outlets may be
controllable separately allowing power to be provided by induction
to a plurality of electrical loads. In further embodiments of the
disclosure, the power distribution to such loads is controlled
centrally allowing energy to be conserved.
As illustrated in FIG. 20, a hybrid power load balancing system
(HPLBS) 5000 may be provided, to manage the amount of power
transferred via the inductive coils. The HPLBS 5000 comprises one
or more power supplies 5002, each of which is configured for
supplying power to two or more inductive outlets 5004, and a load
balancer 5006, which is configured to facilitate management of
local and cluster power, associated with each outlet. Each power
supply 5002 and its associated outlets 5004 and load balancers 5006
constitutes a cluster 5008. The total power available to each
cluster 5008 for immediate use is called a "power pool". A
controller 5010 is provided to manage one or more clusters 5008 at
a venue 5012. A mesh network 5014 may be provided to facilitate
communication among the load balancers 5006, and to facilitate the
controller's 5010 management of its associated clusters 5008.
The HPLBS 5000 is configured to facilitate efficient utilization of
a single power source for several outlets simultaneously.
Accordingly, it defines a power supply rating of each outlet as a
maximum predicted consumption of the various outlets. In addition,
it defines a power usage policy by which the outlets 5004 on each
cluster 5008 will always be able to meet minimum power consumption
requirements for operation.
In operation, the controller 5010 maps the number of outlets and
power requirements thereof for each cluster, and transmits the
information, e.g. via the mesh network 5014, to the load balancers
5006. The load balancers 5006 each execute a bidirectional
handshake with their associated outlets 5004, thereby initiating
communication therewith for a session. During operation, the load
balancer 5006 may monitor one or more parameters associated with
the outlet 5004, including, but not limited to, the amount of power
required for powering up a load connected thereto (i.e., drawing
power therefrom), the maximum and/or minimum power consumption of
the load, when, if at all, the load does not require power, and a
maximum power class per session.
When a new outlet 5004 or cluster 5008 is installed at a venue
5012, the controller 5010 sends information to each load balancer
5006 in the cluster regarding its cluster, the maximum allowed
power class, the number of outlets in the cluster, and the maximum
load per cluster. This information may be stored in non-volatile
memory of load balancer 5006.
When an outlet 5004 requires power from its associated power pool,
the load balancer 5006 calculates any applicable approved power
class, taking into account the requirements of the load with those
of the cluster 5008. The load balancer 5006 then broadcasts through
the mesh network 5014 updated information regarding the power pool,
including, but not limited to, the number of free outlets 5004
thereon, an update value therefor, etc. Load balancers 5006 which
are part of the same cluster 5008 receive the message and update
the power pool accordingly. The broadcast may be ignored by load
balancers 5006 which are part of a different cluster 5008. The load
balancer 5006 may update the controller 5010 regarding the updated
power pool status and/or other relevant information concerning the
load 5004. The controller 5010 selects an action to take, which may
be one or more of logging the event, responding as per a predefined
policy, or any other suitable action.
FIG. 21 illustrates a method 5020 which the load balancer 5006 may
execute when an outlet 5004 requires power. In step 5022, an outlet
5004 is activated, thereby requesting power from a power supply
5002. In step 5024, the outlet 5004 begins supply power to the load
at a minimum power class necessary for operation thereof.
Prx.sub.min. In step 5026, the outlet 5004 requests a power class
Prx. In step 5028, the load balancer 5006 determines whether
supplying the requested power class Prx to the outlet 5004 is
possible, i.e., if it will leave enough power to for the power
supply 5002 to supply the predetermined minimum power class
P.sub.min to all free outlets, by calculating:
P.sub.free-(N.sub.free-1).times.P.sub.min.
Where P.sub.free is the amount of available power in the power
pool, N.sub.free is the number of available outlets, and P.sub.min
is a predetermined guaranteed minimum per outlet.
In step 5030, if the calculated value is greater than the requested
power class Prx, the power class Prx is granted, P.sub.free is
decremented by the requested power class Prx, and N.sub.free is
decremented by one. In step 5032, the updated information is
broadcast or multicast by the load balancer 5006, and in step 5034
the load balancer updates the controller 5010.
In step 5036, if the calculated value is less than the requested
power class Prx, the load balancer 5006 determines whether
supplying the minimum power class necessary for operation of the
load Prx.sub.min to the outlet 5004 is possible, i.e., if it will
leave enough power to for the power supply 5002 to supply the
predetermined minimum power class P.sub.min to all free outlets,
i.e., comparing the calculated value to Prx.sub.min. In step 5038,
if the calculated value is greater than Prx.sub.min, the minimum
power class Prx.sub.min is granted, P.sub.free is decremented by
the minimum power class Prx.sub.min, and N.sub.free is decremented
by one. The method 5020 proceeds to steps 5032 and 5034 as
above.
In step 5040, if the calculated value is less than Prx.sub.min, the
operation is denied, and in step 5042, a fault is sent to the
controller 5010.
Technical and scientific terms used herein should have the same
meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art
to which the disclosure pertains. Nevertheless, it is expected that
during the life of a patent maturing from this application many
relevant systems and methods will be developed. Accordingly, the
scope of the terms such as computing unit, network, display,
memory, server and the like are intended to include all such new
technologies a priori.
As used herein the term "about" refers to at least 10%.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including",
"having" and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to"
and indicate that the components listed are included, but not
generally to the exclusion of other components. Such terms
encompass the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially
of".
The phrase "consisting essentially of" means that the composition
or method may include additional ingredients and/or steps, but only
if the additional ingredients and/or steps do not materially alter
the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition or
method.
As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" may include
plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
For example, the term "a compound" or "at least one compound" may
include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example,
instance or illustration". Any embodiment described as "exemplary"
is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous
over other embodiments or to exclude the incorporation of features
from other embodiments.
The word "optionally" is used herein to mean "is provided in some
embodiments and not provided in other embodiments". Any particular
embodiment of the disclosure may include a plurality of "optional"
features unless such features conflict.
Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to
include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the
indicated range. The phrases "ranging/ranges between" a first
indicate number and a second indicate number and "ranging/ranges
from" a first indicate number "to" a second indicate number are
used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and
second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral
numerals therebetween. It should be understood, therefore, that the
description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity
and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the
scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the description of a range
should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the
possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within
that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6
should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such
as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6,
from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range,
for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 as well as non-integral
intermediate values. This applies regardless of the breadth of the
range.
It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which
are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments,
may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment.
Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for
brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also
be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as
suitable in any other described embodiment of the disclosure.
Certain features described in the context of various embodiments
are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments,
unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.
Although the disclosure has been described in conjunction with
specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives,
modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in
the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such
alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the
spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this
specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by
reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each
individual publication, patent or patent application was
specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein
by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any
reference in this application shall not be construed as an
admission that such reference is available as prior art to the
present disclosure. To the extent that section headings are used,
they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.
The scope of the disclosed subject matter is defined by the
appended claims and includes both combinations and sub combinations
of the various features described hereinabove as well as variations
and modifications thereof, which would occur to persons skilled in
the art upon reading the foregoing description.
* * * * *