((I(s)=(∏_(u≤s))(1-dA(u))=(∏_(u≤s))(1-α(u)du)=exp{-(∫_(u≤s))α(u)du}=(exp^(-A(s))))\[Placeholder]
A(s)=-(∫_0^s)((dI(u))/(I((SuperMinus[u]))))Equation   12)