U.S. patent application number 16/358195 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-24 for aerodynamic component for a gas turbine engine.
The applicant listed for this patent is United Technologies Corporation. Invention is credited to Steven D. Porter, Jon E. Sobanski.
Application Number | 20200300469 16/358195 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004003450 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-24 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200300469 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Porter; Steven D. ; et
al. |
September 24, 2020 |
AERODYNAMIC COMPONENT FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE
Abstract
An aerodynamic component of a gas turbine engine is provided and
is fittable to a shell having a shell shape. The aerodynamic
component includes a body having a component shape initially
deviating from the shell shape prior to an assembly operation in
which the aerodynamic component is to be fit to the shell.
Deviation of the component shape from the shell shape aids in an
establishment of a final desired shape of the aerodynamic component
following the assembly operation.
Inventors: |
Porter; Steven D.;
(Wethersfield, CT) ; Sobanski; Jon E.;
(Glastonbury, CT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
United Technologies Corporation |
Farmington |
CT |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004003450 |
Appl. No.: |
16/358195 |
Filed: |
March 19, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01D 11/005 20130101;
F23R 3/60 20130101; B21D 31/005 20130101; F23R 3/002 20130101; B21D
25/00 20130101; F23M 5/04 20130101; F02C 3/04 20130101; F23R
2900/00018 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F23R 3/00 20060101
F23R003/00; F23R 3/60 20060101 F23R003/60; F01D 11/00 20060101
F01D011/00; B21D 31/00 20060101 B21D031/00; B21D 25/00 20060101
B21D025/00; F23M 5/04 20060101 F23M005/04; F02C 3/04 20060101
F02C003/04 |
Claims
1. An aerodynamic component of a gas turbine engine fittable to a
shell having a shell shape, the aerodynamic component comprising: a
body having a component shape initially deviating from the shell
shape prior to an assembly operation in which the aerodynamic
component is to be fit to the shell, and deviation of the component
shape from the shell shape aiding in an establishment of a final
desired shape of the aerodynamic component following the assembly
operation.
2. The aerodynamic component according to claim 1, wherein: the
shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is finable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being: cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the shell at a central point of the body and which decreases
toward opposite edges of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
3. The aerodynamic component according to claim 1, wherein: the
shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is finable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being: cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the shell at an edge of the body and which decreases toward an
opposite edge of the body, and deformed to have a substantially
uniform radius of curvature similar to the substantially uniform
radius of curvature of the shell.
4. The aerodynamic component according to claim 1, wherein: the
shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is finable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being: cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the combustor shell at a central point of the body and which
increases toward opposite edges of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
5. The aerodynamic component according to claim 1, wherein: the
shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is finable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being: cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the combustor shell at an edge of the body and which increases
toward an opposite edge of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
6. A combustor section of a gas turbine engine, comprising: an
inner diameter shell having a shell shape; an outer diameter shell
having a shell shape; an inner diameter shell panel according to
the aerodynamic component of claim 1 to be fit to an exterior
surface of the inner diameter shell; and an outer diameter shell
panel according to the aerodynamic component of claim 1 to be fit
to an interior surface of the outer diameter shell.
7. A method of manufacturing an aerodynamic component to be
fittable to a shell in a gas turbine engine, method comprising:
forming materials of the aerodynamic component into a body having
an initial shape that deviates from a shape of the shell; and
deforming the body to assume a second shape that corresponds to the
shape of the shell, the forming of the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the initial shape being executed
such that deviation of the initial shape from the shape of the
shell aids in an assumption of the second shape by the body.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the forming comprises
casting the materials of the aerodynamic component into the body
having the second shape and cold working the body from the second
shape into the initial shape, and the deforming comprises securing
the body having the initial shape in a fixture and coating and/or
laser drilling the body from the initial shape into the second
shape.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the coating comprises
electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the forming comprises
casting the materials of the aerodynamic component into the body
having the second shape and securing the body in a deformed fixture
such that the body assumes the initial shape, and the deforming
comprises coating and/or laser drilling the body from the initial
shape into the second shape.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the coating comprises
electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
12. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the forming comprises
casting the materials of the aerodynamic component into the body
having the initial shape, and the deforming comprises securing the
body in a deformed fixture and coating and/or laser drilling the
body from the initial shape into the second shape.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the coating comprises
electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
14. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the shell is an inner
diameter shell with a substantially uniform radius of curvature,
the shell comprises an exterior surface to which the aerodynamic
component is finable, the forming is executed such that the body
has a radius of curvature, which is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell at a central
point of the body and which decreases toward opposite edges of the
body, and the deforming is executed such that the body has a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
15. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the shell is an inner
diameter shell with a substantially uniform radius of curvature,
the shell comprises an exterior surface to which the aerodynamic
component is finable, the forming is executed such that the body
has a radius of curvature, which is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell at an edge of
the body and which decreases toward an opposite edge of the body,
and the deforming is executed such that the body has a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
16. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the shell is an outer
diameter shell with a substantially uniform radius of curvature,
the shell comprises an interior surface to which the aerodynamic
component is finable, the forming is executed such that the body
has a radius of curvature, which is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell at a central
point of the body and which increases toward opposite edges of the
body, and the deforming is executed such that the body has a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
17. The combustor panel according to claim 7, wherein: the shell is
an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform radius of
curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to which the
aerodynamic component is finable, the forming is executed such that
the body has a radius of curvature, which is similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell at
an edge of the body and which increases toward an opposite edge of
the body, and the deforming is executed such that the body has a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
18. A method of aerodynamic component manufacturing, comprising:
forming the aerodynamic component with an initial shape that
deviates from a normal and final desired curvature during an
initial manufacturing process; and deforming the aerodynamic
component during a subsequent manufacturing process which results
in the aerodynamic component being finable to a shell, the forming
being executed such that the aerodynamic component assumes the
normal and final desired curvature upon completion of the deforming
during the subsequent manufacturing process.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein: the forming
comprises casting and then cold working the aerodynamic component
into the initial shape, and the deforming comprises securing the
aerodynamic component having the initial shape in a fixture and
coating and/or laser drilling the aerodynamic component such that
the aerodynamic component assumes the normal and final desired
curvature.
20. The method according to claim 18, wherein: the forming
comprises casting the aerodynamic component to assume the normal
and desired final curvature and securing the aerodynamic component
in a deformed fixture such that the aerodynamic component assumes
the initial shape, and the deforming comprises coating and/or laser
drilling the aerodynamic component such that the aerodynamic
component assumes the normal and desired final curvature.
21. The method according to claim 18, wherein: the forming
comprises casting the aerodynamic component to have the initial
shape, and the deforming comprises securing the aerodynamic
component in a deformed fixture and coating and/or laser drilling
the aerodynamic component such that the aerodynamic component
assumes the normal and desired final curvature.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate
generally to aerodynamic components and, in one embodiment, to a
pre-deflected combustor panel for a combustor shell fit-up.
[0002] A gas turbine engine typically includes a fan section, a
compressor section, a combustor section and a turbine section. Air
entering the compressor section is compressed and delivered into
the combustion section where it is mixed with fuel and ignited to
generate a high-energy exhaust gas flow. The high-energy exhaust
gas flow expands through the turbine section to drive the
compressor and the fan section. The compressor section typically
includes low and high pressure compressors and the turbine section
includes low and high pressure turbines.
[0003] Within the compressor section, high energy fluids
aerodynamically interact with blades and vanes such that air
flowing into the gas turbine engine can be compressed. Likewise,
within the turbine section, high energy fluids, such as the
products of combustion, aerodynamically interact with blades and
vanes in order to expand and to thereby drive compressor and rotor
rotation.
[0004] During assembly processes, combustor panels of the
combustion section are typically checked for dimensional accuracy
only prior to coating processes. Following this dimensional check,
the combustor panels are coated with multiple, various coating
materials and laser drilled. In some cases, the combustor panels
may also be subjected to shot peening. Thus, since the dimensional
accuracy check is typically only done once, it is often the case
that combustor panels are not dimensionally sound by the time
manufacturing processes are concluded. Such combustor panels will
tend to not fit perfectly up to combustor shells at assembly.
[0005] Any misalignment between combustor panels and shells at
assembly can create pre-loads and strain in the combustor panels
when they are bolted down. These pre-loads and strain can
contribute to early coating spallation, which reduces combustor
life and results in early engine pulls. Accordingly, it is
desirable to have combustor panels be formed and deformed in order
to more accurately fit onto combustor shells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0006] According to an aspect of the disclosure, an aerodynamic
component of a gas turbine engine is provided and is fittable to a
shell having a shell shape. The aerodynamic component includes a
body having a component shape initially deviating from the shell
shape prior to an assembly operation in which the aerodynamic
component is to be fit to the shell. Deviation of the component
shape from the shell shape aids in an establishment of a final
desired shape of the aerodynamic component following the assembly
operation.
[0007] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell includes an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the shell at a central point of the body and which decreases
toward opposite edges of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
[0008] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell includes an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the shell at an edge of the body and which decreases toward an
opposite edge of the body, and deformed to have a substantially
uniform radius of curvature similar to the substantially uniform
radius of curvature of the shell.
[0009] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell includes an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the combustor shell at a central point of the body and which
increases toward opposite edges of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
[0010] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, and the deviation is
accomplished by the body being cast to have a radius of curvature,
which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature
of the combustor shell at an edge of the body and which increases
toward an opposite edge of the body, and deformed to have a
substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to the
substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
[0011] According to another aspect of the disclosure, a combustor
section of a gas turbine engine is provided and includes an inner
diameter shell having a shell shape, an outer diameter shell having
a shell shape, an inner diameter shell panel according to the
aerodynamic component to be fit to an exterior surface of the inner
diameter shell and an outer diameter shell panel according to the
aerodynamic component to be fit to an interior surface of the outer
diameter shell.
[0012] According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method of
manufacturing an aerodynamic component to be fittable to a shell in
a gas turbine engine is provided. The method includes forming
materials of the aerodynamic component into a body having an
initial shape that deviates from a shape of the shell and deforming
the body to assume a second shape that corresponds to the shape of
the shell. The forming of the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the initial shape is executed such
that deviation of the initial shape from the shape of the shell
aids in an assumption of the second shape by the body.
[0013] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the second shape and cold working
the body from the second shape into the initial shape and the
deforming includes securing the body having the initial shape in a
fixture and coating and/or laser drilling the body from the initial
shape into the second shape.
[0014] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the coating includes electron-beam physical vapor deposition
(EBPVD).
[0015] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the second shape and securing the
body in a deformed fixture such that the body assumes the initial
shape and the deforming includes coating and/or laser drilling the
body from the initial shape into the second shape.
[0016] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the coating includes electron-beam physical vapor deposition
(EBPVD).
[0017] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the initial shape and the deforming
includes securing the body in a deformed fixture and coating and/or
laser drilling the body from the initial shape into the second
shape.
[0018] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the coating includes electron-beam physical vapor deposition
(EBPVD).
[0019] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell includes an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is finable, the forming is executed
such that the body has a radius of curvature, which is similar to
the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the combustor
shell at a central point of the body and which decreases toward
opposite edges of the body, and the deforming is executed such that
the body has a substantially uniform radius of curvature similar to
the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the shell.
[0020] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an inner diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an exterior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, the forming is
executed such that the body has a radius of curvature, which is
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
combustor shell at an edge of the body and which decreases toward
an opposite edge of the body, and the deforming is executed such
that the body has a substantially uniform radius of curvature
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
shell.
[0021] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, the forming is
executed such that the body has a radius of curvature, which is
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
combustor shell at a central point of the body and which increases
toward opposite edges of the body, and the deforming is executed
such that the body has a substantially uniform radius of curvature
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
shell.
[0022] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the shell is an outer diameter shell with a substantially uniform
radius of curvature, the shell comprises an interior surface to
which the aerodynamic component is fittable, the forming is
executed such that the body has a radius of curvature, which is
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
combustor shell at an edge of the body and which increases toward
an opposite edge of the body, and the deforming is executed such
that the body has a substantially uniform radius of curvature
similar to the substantially uniform radius of curvature of the
shell.
[0023] According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method of
aerodynamic component manufacturing is provided. The method
includes forming the aerodynamic component with an initial shape
that deviates from a normal and final desired curvature during an
initial manufacturing process and deforming the aerodynamic
component during a subsequent manufacturing process which results
in the aerodynamic component being fittable to a shell. The forming
is executed such that the aerodynamic component assumes the normal
and final desired curvature upon completion of the deforming during
the subsequent manufacturing process.
[0024] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting and then cold working the aerodynamic
component into the initial shape and the deforming includes
securing the aerodynamic component having the initial shape in a
fixture and coating and/or laser drilling the aerodynamic component
such that the aerodynamic component assumes the normal and final
desired curvature.
[0025] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting the aerodynamic component to assume
the normal and desired final curvature and securing the aerodynamic
component in a deformed fixture such that the aerodynamic component
assumes the initial shape and the deforming includes coating and/or
laser drilling the aerodynamic component such that the aerodynamic
component assumes the normal and desired final curvature.
[0026] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments,
the forming includes casting the aerodynamic component to have the
initial shape and the deforming includes securing the aerodynamic
component in a deformed fixture and coating and/or laser drilling
the aerodynamic component such that the aerodynamic component
assumes the normal and desired final curvature.
[0027] These and other advantages and features will become more
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] The following descriptions should not be considered limiting
in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like
elements are numbered alike:
[0029] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a gas turbine
engine;
[0030] FIG. 2 is a side schematic view of a combustor or a
combustor section of a gas turbine engine in accordance with
embodiments;
[0031] FIG. 3 is a perspective of a combustor panel to be fit to an
inner combustor shell in accordance with embodiments;
[0032] FIG. 4 is a side schematic view illustrating a deformation
of the combustor panel of FIG. 3 during assembly in accordance with
embodiments;
[0033] FIG. 5 is a side schematic view illustrating a deformation
of the combustor panel of FIG. 3 during assembly in accordance with
embodiments;
[0034] FIG. 6 is a perspective of a combustor panel to be fit to an
outer combustor shell in accordance with embodiments;
[0035] FIG. 7 is a side schematic view illustrating a deformation
of the combustor panel of FIG. 6 during assembly in accordance with
embodiments;
[0036] FIG. 8 is a side schematic view illustrating a deformation
of the combustor panel of FIG. 6 during assembly in accordance with
embodiments;
[0037] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of
manufacturing an aerodynamic component in accordance with
embodiments;
[0038] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of
manufacturing an aerodynamic component in accordance with
embodiments; and
[0039] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of
manufacturing an aerodynamic component in accordance with
embodiments.
[0040] These and other advantages and features will become more
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the
disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of
exemplification and not limitation with reference to the
Figures.
[0042] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20.
The gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool
turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressor
section 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28.
Alternative engines might include other systems or features. The
fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flow path B in a bypass
duct, while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flow
path C for compression and communication into the combustor section
26 and then expansion through the turbine section 28. Although
depicted as a two-spool turbofan gas turbine engine in the
disclosed non-limiting embodiment, it should be understood that the
concepts described herein are not limited to use with two-spool
turbofans as the teachings may be applied to other types of turbine
engines including three-spool architectures.
[0043] The exemplary gas turbine engine 20 generally includes a low
speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about
an engine central longitudinal axis A relative to an engine static
structure 36 via several bearing systems 38. It should be
understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may
alternatively or additionally be provided, and the location of
bearing systems 38 may be varied as appropriate to the
application.
[0044] The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40
that interconnects a fan 42, a low pressure compressor 44 and a low
pressure turbine 46. The inner shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42
through a speed change mechanism, which in exemplary gas turbine
engine 20 is illustrated as a geared architecture 48 to drive the
fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30. The high speed
spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a high
pressure compressor 52 and high pressure turbine 54. A combustor 56
is arranged in the gas turbine engine 20 between the high pressure
compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54. The engine static
structure 36 is arranged generally between the high pressure
turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46. The engine static
structure 36 further supports the bearing systems 38 in the turbine
section 28. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 are
concentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine
central longitudinal axis A which is collinear with their
longitudinal axes.
[0045] The core airflow is compressed by the low pressure
compressor 44 and then the high pressure compressor 52, is mixed
and burned with fuel in the combustor 56 and is then expanded over
the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46. The
high and low pressure turbines 54 and 46 rotationally drive the low
speed spool 30 and the high speed spool 32, respectively, in
response to the expansion. It will be appreciated that each of the
positions of the fan section 22, compressor section 24, combustor
section 26, turbine section 28, and fan drive gear system 48 may be
varied. For example, geared architecture 48 may be located aft of
the combustor section 26 or even aft of the turbine section 28, and
the fan section 22 may be positioned forward or aft of the location
of geared architecture 48.
[0046] The gas turbine engine 20 in one example is a high-bypass
geared aircraft engine. In a further example, the gas turbine
engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about six (6), with an
example embodiment being greater than about ten (10), the geared
architecture 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetary
gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of
greater than about 2.3 and the low pressure turbine 46 has a
pressure ratio that is greater than about five. In one disclosed
embodiment, the gas turbine engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than
about ten (10:1), the fan diameter is significantly larger than
that of the low pressure compressor 44, and the low pressure
turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about five
5:1. Low pressure turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressure measured
prior to inlet of low pressure turbine 46 as related to the
pressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46 prior to an
exhaust nozzle. The geared architecture 48 may be an epicycle gear
train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a
gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1. It should be
understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary
of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the
present disclosure is applicable to other gas turbine engines
including direct drive turbofans.
[0047] A significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass
flow B due to the high bypass ratio. The fan section 22 of the gas
turbine engine 20 is designed for a particular flight
condition--typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet
(10,688 meters). The flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft
(10,688 meters), with the engine at its best fuel consumption--also
known as "bucket cruise Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption
(`TSFC`)"--is the industry standard parameter of lbm of fuel being
burned divided by lbf of thrust the engine produces at that minimum
point. "Low fan pressure ratio" is the pressure ratio across the
fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane ("FEGV") system. The
low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one
non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45. "Low corrected fan
tip speed" is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an
industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram .degree.
R)/(518.7.degree. R)].sup.0.5. The "Low corrected fan tip speed" as
disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less
than about 1150 ft/second (350.5 m/sec).
[0048] As will be described below, an aerodynamic component, such
as a combustor panel is provided for use in the combustor 56 of the
combustor section 26 of the gas turbine engine 20 described above.
The aerodynamic component initially has a non-nominal shape and is
deformed during processing and/or assembly so that the aerodynamic
component has a desired shape.
[0049] The following description will generally relate to the cases
of the aerodynamic component being provided as a combustor panel
that is fittable to a combustor shell. This is done for purposes of
clarity and brevity and should not be read or interpreted in a
manner that otherwise limits the scope of the description or the
following claims.
[0050] With reference to FIG. 2, the combustor 56 of the combustor
section 26 of the gas turbine engine 20 (see FIG. 1) includes an
inner diameter shell 410 and an outer diameter shell 420. The inner
diameter shell 410 could have a cylindrical, conical or another
similar shape, and the outer diameter shell 420 could have a
cylindrical, conical or another similar shape. The combustor 56
further includes a plurality of inner diameter panels 430 and a
plurality of outer diameter panels 440. The inner diameter panels
430 are configured to be fit to a radially outer surface 411 of the
inner diameter shell 410 but are each formed with a panel shape
that deviates from the shell shape of the inner diameter shell 410.
The outer diameter panels 440 are configured to be fit to radially
inner surface 421 of the outer diameter shell 420 but are each
formed with a panel shape that deviates from the shell shape of the
outer diameter shell 420.
[0051] An annulus formed between the inner diameter shell 410 and
the inner diameter panels 430 and the outer diameter shell 420 and
the outer diameter panels 440 defines the combustion chamber of the
combustor 56.
[0052] As will be explained below, the respective deviations of the
respective panel shapes of the inner and outer diameter panels 430
and 440 serves to aid in the inner and outer diameter panels 430
and 440 assuming their respectively desired final (i.e., fully
assembled) shapes, reduces spallation and improves an overall
lifespan of the combustor 56.
[0053] With reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, a combustor panel 501 is
fittable to an exterior surface 511 of an inner diameter combustor
shell 510 that has a shell shape (e.g., cylindrical or conical) 512
with a substantially uniform radius of curvature. The combustor
panel 501 includes a body 520 having a panel shape 522. When the
body 520 is formed (e.g., by casting), the panel shape 522
initially has a nominal shape that corresponds to the shell shape
512 or deviates from the shell shape 512 in a first direction D1
(see FIGS. 4 and 5). The following description will relate
generally to the case of the panel shape 522 initially deviating
from the shell shape 512 in the first direction D1.
[0054] The body 520 is deformed such that the panel shape 522
corresponds to the shell shape 512. The deformation can be caused
by coating and/or laser drilling processes whereby, while the panel
shape 522 of the body 520 corresponds to the shell shape 512, the
body 520 is effectively pre-loaded or biased toward re-assuming the
panel shape 522 that deviates from the shell shape 512 in the first
direction D1. At this point, an assembly operation can be executed
in which the combustor panel 501 is fit to the exterior surface 511
of the inner diameter combustor shell 510 whereby the pre-loading
or biasing of the panel shape 522 effectively aids in an
establishment of a final desired shape of the combustor panel 501
following manufacturing operations subsequent to the assembly
operation.
[0055] That is, the pre-loading or biasing of the panel shape 522
toward re-assuming the panel shape 522 that deviates from the shell
shape 512 in the first direction D1 provides the combustor panel
501 with a spring-like characteristic that increases a tendency of
the combustor panel 501 to assume a shape that fits to the exterior
surface 511 of the inner diameter combustor shell 510.
[0056] It is to be understood that the establishment of the final
desired shape of the combustor panel 501 as described above aids in
the establishment of an improved sealing capability of the
combustor panel 501. This improved sealing capacity arises from the
final desired shape of the combustor panel 501 being highly similar
to the shell shape 512 of the combustor shell 510.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 4, the initial deviation of the panel shape
522 from the shell shape 512 in the first direction D1 is
accomplished by the body 520 being cast to have a radius of
curvature, which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of
curvature of the inner diameter combustor shell 510 at a central
point 520.sub.1 of the body 520 and which decreases toward opposite
edges 520.sub.2 and 520.sub.3 of the body 520.
[0058] As explained above, as a result of the initial deviation and
the subsequent deformation, the body 520 is provided with a
spring-like or elastic quality whereby the body 520 is biased
toward assuming the nominal shape 530 and thus has a substantially
uniform radius of curvature that is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell 510.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 5, the initial deviation of the panel shape
522 from the shell shape 512 in the first direction D1 is
accomplished by the body 520 being cast to have a radius of
curvature, which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of
curvature of the inner diameter combustor shell 510 at an edge
520.sub.2 of the body 520 and which decreases toward an opposite
edge 520.sub.3 of the body 520.
[0060] As explained above, as a result of the initial deviation and
the subsequent deformation, the body 520 is provided with a
spring-like or elastic quality whereby the body 520 is biased
toward assuming the nominal shape 530 and thus has a substantially
uniform radius of curvature that is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell 510.
[0061] With reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, a combustor panel 801 is
fittable to an interior surface 811 of an outer diameter combustor
shell 810 that has a shell shape (e.g., cylindrical or conical) 812
with a substantially uniform radius of curvature. The combustor
panel 801 includes a body 820 having a panel shape 822. When the
body 820 is formed (e.g., by casting), the panel shape 822
initially has a nominal shape that corresponds to the shell shape
812 or deviates from the shell shape 812 in a first direction D1
(see FIGS. 7 and 8). The following description will relate
generally to the case of the panel shape 522 initially deviating
from the shell shape in the first direction D1.
[0062] The body 820 is deformed such that the panel shape 822
corresponds to the shell shape 812. The deformation can be caused
by coating and/or laser drilling processes whereby, while the panel
shape 822 of the body 820 corresponds to the shell shape 812, the
body 820 is effectively pre-loaded or biased toward re-assuming the
panel shape 822 that deviates from the shell shape 812 in the first
direction D1. At this point, an assembly operation can be executed
in which the combustor panel 801 is fit to the interior surface 811
of the outer diameter combustor shell 810 whereby the pre-loading
or biasing of the panel shape 822 effectively aids in an
establishment of a final desired shape of the combustor panel 801
following manufacturing operations subsequent to the assembly
operation.
[0063] That is, the pre-loading or biasing of the panel shape 822
toward re-assuming the panel shape 822 that deviates from the shell
shape 812 in the first direction D1 provides the combustor panel
801 with a spring-like characteristic that increases a tendency of
the combustor panel 801 to assume a shape that fits to the interior
surface 811 of the outer diameter combustor shell 810.
[0064] It is to be understood that the establishment of the final
desired shape of the combustor panel 801 as described above aids in
the establishment of an improved sealing capability of the
combustor panel 801. This improved sealing capacity arises from the
final desired shape of the combustor panel 801 being highly similar
to the shell shape 812 of the combustor shell 810.
[0065] As shown in FIG. 7, the initial deviation of the panel shape
822 from the shell shape 812 in the first direction D1 is
accomplished by the body 820 being cast to have a radius of
curvature, which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of
curvature of the outer diameter combustor shell 810 at a central
point 820.sub.1 of the body 820 and which increases toward opposite
edges 820.sub.2 and 820.sub.3 of the body 820.
[0066] As explained above, as a result of the initial deviation and
the subsequent deformation, the body 820 is provided with a
spring-like or elastic quality whereby the body 820 is biased
toward assuming the nominal shape 830 and thus has a substantially
uniform radius of curvature that is similar to the substantially
uniform radius of curvature of the combustor shell 810.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 8, the initial deviation of the panel shape
822 from the shell shape 812 in the first direction D1 is
accomplished by the body 820 being cast to have a radius of
curvature, which is similar to the substantially uniform radius of
curvature of the outer diameter combustor shell 810 at an edge
820.sub.2 of the body 820 and which increases toward an opposite
edge 820.sub.3 of the body 820.
[0068] As explained above, as a result of the initial deviation and
the deformation, the body 820 is provided with a spring-like or
elastic quality whereby the body 820 is biased toward assuming the
nominal shape 830 and thus has a substantially uniform radius of
curvature that is similar to the substantially uniform radius of
curvature of the combustor shell 810.
[0069] With reference to FIG. 9, a method of manufacturing an
aerodynamic component to be fittable to a shell in a gas turbine
engine is provided and includes an initial manufacturing process
including forming materials of the aerodynamic component into a
body having an initial shape that deviates from a shape of the
shell (901) and a subsequent manufacturing processing including
deforming the body to assume a second shape that corresponds to the
shape of the shell (902). Here, the forming of operation 901 is
executed such that deviation of the initial shape from the shape of
the shell aids in an assumption of the second shape by the body. In
greater detail, as shown in FIG. 9, the forming of operation 901
includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic component into
the body having the second shape (9011) and cold working the body
from the second shape into the initial shape (9012) and the
deforming of operation 902 includes securing the body having the
initial shape in a fixture (9021) and coating and/or laser drilling
the body from the initial shape into the second shape (9022). In
accordance with embodiments, the coating of operation 9022 can
include electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
[0070] With reference to FIG. 10, a method of manufacturing an
aerodynamic component to be fittable to a shell in a gas turbine
engine is provided and includes an initial manufacturing processing
including forming materials of the aerodynamic component into a
body having an initial shape that deviates from a shape of the
shell (1001) and a subsequent manufacturing process including
deforming the body to assume a second shape that corresponds to the
shape of the shell (1002). Here, again, the forming of operation
1001 is executed such that deviation of the initial shape from the
shape of the shell aids in an assumption of the second shape by the
body. In greater detail, as shown in FIG. 10, the forming of
operation 1001 includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the second shape (10011) and
securing the body in a deformed fixture such that the body assumes
the initial shape (10012) and the deforming of operation 1002
includes coating and/or laser drilling the body from the initial
shape into the second shape (10021). In accordance with
embodiments, the coating of operation 10021 can include
electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
[0071] With reference to FIG. 11, a method of manufacturing an
aerodynamic component to be fittable to a shell in a gas turbine
engine is provided and includes an initial manufacturing process
including forming materials of the aerodynamic component into a
body having an initial shape that deviates from a shape of the
shell (1101) and a subsequent manufacturing processing including
deforming the body to assume a second shape that corresponds to the
shape of the shell (1102). Here, again, the forming of operation
1101 is executed such that deviation of the initial shape from the
shape of the shell aids in an assumption of the second shape by the
body. In greater detail, as shown in FIG. 11, the forming of
operation 1101 includes casting the materials of the aerodynamic
component into the body having the initial shape (11011) and the
deforming of operation 1102 includes securing the body in a
deformed fixture (11021) and coating and/or laser drilling the body
from the initial shape into the second shape (11022). In accordance
with embodiments, the coating of operation 11022 can include
electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD).
[0072] Benefits of the features described herein are the reduction
of residual stress in aerodynamic components, such as combustor
panels, which is imparted by assembly processes where the combustor
panels are "stuck down" to conform to the combustor shell. This
will result in less premature coating spallation and greater
combustor life. In addition, the combustor panels being "stuck
down" provide for an increase in perimeter sealing effectiveness of
impingement film float wall combustor panels with and without
midrails (i.e., lower temperatures from less wasted air results in
colder combustor panels and improved life.
[0073] The term "about" is intended to include the degree of error
associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon
the equipment available at the time of filing the application.
[0074] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of
the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a",
"an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well,
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further
understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when
used in this specification, specify the presence of stated
features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components,
but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or
groups thereof
[0075] While the present disclosure has been described with
reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be
made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof
without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In
addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular
situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure
without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it
is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the
particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for
carrying out this present disclosure, but that the present
disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of
the claims.
* * * * *