U.S. patent application number 15/041968 was filed with the patent office on 2017-02-09 for methods and apparatus for enhanced system access control for peer-to-peer wireless communication networks.
The applicant listed for this patent is QUALCOMM Incorporated. Invention is credited to Michaela VANDERVEEN.
Application Number | 20170041772 15/041968 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45531579 |
Filed Date | 2017-02-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170041772 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
VANDERVEEN; Michaela |
February 9, 2017 |
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCED SYSTEM ACCESS CONTROL FOR
PEER-TO-PEER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Abstract
An apparatus, a method, and a computer program product are
provided in which an information block is generated to include an
expression encoded based on a system key and an input. The input
includes an area identifier and a time information. The information
block is then broadcasted. An apparatus, a method, and a computer
program product are provided in which an information block is
received that includes an expression encoded based on a system key
and an input. The input includes an area identifier and a time
information. The information block is decoded based on the area
identifier and the time information to obtain the expression.
Inventors: |
VANDERVEEN; Michaela;
(Tracy, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
QUALCOMM Incorporated |
San Diego |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
45531579 |
Appl. No.: |
15/041968 |
Filed: |
February 11, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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12984082 |
Jan 4, 2011 |
9264881 |
|
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15041968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 63/08 20130101;
H04W 12/001 20190101; H04L 67/104 20130101; H04L 63/0428 20130101;
H04L 67/16 20130101; H04W 8/005 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 8/00 20060101
H04W008/00; H04L 29/08 20060101 H04L029/08 |
Claims
1. A method of wireless communication by a wireless device,
comprising: generating, by the wireless device, an information
block comprising an expression, wherein the expression is an
application identifier; and broadcasting, by the wireless device,
the information block over a peer discovery channel, wherein the
information block is encoded with a system key and an input, the
input comprising an area identifier and a time information, prior
to broadcasting by the wireless device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information block is a peer
discovery information block.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression is unique.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a key
stream by encoding the input comprising the area identifier and the
time information based on the system key.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: combining the key
stream with the expression for generating the information
block.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the input further comprises: a
peer discovery resource identifier and system-wide known data
including a set of known bits for padding the input.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information block is encoded
using a keyed hash function.
8. A method of wireless communication by a wireless device,
comprising: receiving, by the wireless device, an information block
comprising an expression, wherein the expression is an application
identifier; and decoding, by the wireless device, the information
block for obtaining the expression for discovering an application
stored at a peer wireless device, wherein the decoding is based at
least on a system key and an input, the input comprising an area
identifier and a time information.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the information block is a peer
discovery information block.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the expression is unique.
11. The method of claim 8, further comprising: generating a key
stream by encoding the input comprising the area identifier and the
time information based on the system key.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: combining the key
stream with the information block for decoding the information
block for obtaining the expression.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the input further comprises: a
peer discovery resource identifier and system-wide known data
including a set of known bits for padding the input.
14. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a memory;
at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
generate an information block comprising an expression, wherein the
expression is an application identifier; and broadcast the
information block over a peer discovery channel, wherein the
information block is encoded with a system key and an input, the
input comprising an area identifier and a time information, prior
to broadcasting by the wireless device.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the information block is a
peer discovery information block.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the expression is
unique.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor
is further configured to: generate a key stream by encoding the
input comprising the area identifier and the time information based
on the system key.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor
is further configured to combine the key stream with the expression
for generating the information block.
19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the input further comprises
a peer discovery resource identifier and system-wide known data
including a set of known bits for padding the input.
20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor
is further configured to encode using a keyed hash function.
21. A apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a memory;
at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive an information block comprising an expression, wherein the
expression is an application identifier; and decode the information
block for obtaining the expression for discovering an application
stored at a peer wireless device, wherein the decoding is based at
least on a system key and an input, the input comprising an area
identifier and a time information.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the information block is a
peer discovery information block.
23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the expression is
unique.
24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor
is further configured to: generate a key stream by encoding the
input comprising the area identifier and the time information based
on the system key.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor
is further configured to: combine the key stream with the
information block for decoding the information block for obtaining
the expression.
26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the input further comprises
a peer discovery resource identifier and system-wide known data
including a set of known bits for padding the input.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This Application is a Continuation of and claims priority to
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/984,082 entitled "METHODS AND
APPARATUS FOR ENHANCED SYSTEM ACCESS CONTROL FOR PEER-TO-PEER
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS" filed on Jan. 4, 2011, which is
assigned to the Assignee hereof and hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Field
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication
systems, and more particularly, to enhanced system access control
for peer-to-peer wireless communication networks.
[0004] Background
[0005] Application identifiers are expressions associated with
applications that run on wireless devices. The expressions are
broadcasted (advertised) to allow other applications to discover
each other. There is a need for secure advertising of the
expressions over a broadcast channel and for secure discovery of
the broadcasted expressions.
SUMMARY
[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus, a method, and
a computer program product are provided in which an information
block is generated to include an expression encoded based on a
system key and an input. The input includes an area identifier and
a time information. The information block is then broadcasted.
[0007] In another aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus, a method,
and a computer program product are provided in which an information
block is received that includes an expression encoded based on a
system key and an input. The input includes an area identifier and
a time information. The information block is decoded based on the
area identifier and the time information to obtain the
expression.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware
implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a drawing of a wireless peer-to-peer
communications system.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a system architecture for
wireless peer-to-peer communications system.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a block diagram for illustrating a first exemplary
method of encoding a direct expression into a peer discovery
information block.
[0012] FIG. 5 is a block diagram for illustrating a first exemplary
method of decoding a peer discovery information block to obtain a
direct expression.
[0013] FIG. 6 is a block diagram for illustrating a second
exemplary method of encoding a direct expression into a peer
discovery information block.
[0014] FIG. 7 is a block diagram for illustrating a second
exemplary method of decoding a peer discovery information block to
obtain a direct expression.
[0015] FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an exemplary method in relation to
FIG. 4.
[0016] FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an exemplary method in relation to
FIG. 5.
[0017] FIG. 10 is a flow chart of an exemplary method in relation
to FIG. 6.
[0018] FIG. 11 is a flow chart of an exemplary method in relation
to FIG. 7.
[0019] FIG. 12 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating the
functionality of a first exemplary apparatus.
[0020] FIG. 13 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating the
functionality of a second exemplary apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The detailed description set forth below in connection with
the appended drawings is intended as a description of various
configurations and is not intended to represent the only
configurations in which the concepts described herein may be
practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for
the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various
concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art
that these concepts may be practiced without these specific
details. In some instances, well known structures and components
are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such
concepts.
[0022] Several aspects of communication systems will now be
presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These
apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed
description and illustrated in the accompanying drawing by various
blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes,
algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These
elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer
software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are
implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular
application and design constraints imposed on the overall
system.
[0023] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element,
or any combination of elements may be implemented with a
"processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples
of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital
signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),
programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic,
discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured
to perform the various functionality described throughout this
disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may
execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean
instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,
programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software
applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,
executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc.,
whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode,
hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may
reside on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium
may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory
computer-readable medium include, by way of example, a magnetic
storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an
optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk
(DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key
drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM),
programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically
erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other
suitable medium for storing software and/or instructions that may
be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium
may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission
line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software
and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer.
The computer-readable medium may be resident in the processing
system, external to the processing system, or distributed across
multiple entities including the processing system. The
computer-readable medium may be embodied in a computer-program
product. By way of example, a computer-program product may include
a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in
the art will recognize how best to implement the described
functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the
particular application and the overall design constraints imposed
on the overall system.
[0024] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a
hardware implementation for an apparatus 100 employing a processing
system 114. The processing system 114 may be implemented with a bus
architecture, represented generally by the bus 102. The bus 102 may
include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending
on the specific application of the processing system 114 and the
overall design constraints. The bus 102 links together various
circuits including one or more processors, represented generally by
the processor 104, and computer-readable media, represented
generally by the computer-readable medium 106. The bus 102 may also
link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals,
voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well
known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
A bus interface 108 provides an interface between the bus 102 and a
transceiver 110. The transceiver 110 provides a means for
communicating with various other apparatuses over a transmission
medium.
[0025] The processor 104 is responsible for managing the bus 102
and general processing, including the execution of software stored
on the computer-readable medium 106. The software, when executed by
the processor 104, causes the processing system 114 to perform the
various functions described infra for any particular apparatus. The
computer-readable medium 106 may also be used for storing data that
is manipulated by the processor 104 when executing software.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a drawing of an exemplary peer-to-peer
communications system 200. The peer-to-peer communications system
200 includes a plurality of wireless devices 206, 208, 210, 212.
The peer-to-peer communications system 200 may overlap with a
cellular communications system, such as for example, a wireless
wide area network (WWAN). Some of the wireless devices 206, 208,
210, 212 may communicate together in peer-to-peer communication,
some may communicate with the base station 204, and some may do
both. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the wireless devices 206,
208 are in peer-to-peer communication and the wireless devices 210,
212 are in peer-to-peer communication. The wireless device 212 is
also communicating with the base station 204.
[0027] The base station 204 and/or the transmitter 214 may provide
timing information to the wireless devices. The transmitter 214 may
be a peer-to-peer communication device or a non peer-to-peer
communication device that transmits a timing signal and/or
synchronization signal that the wireless devices can detect. For
example, the transmitter 214 may be a beacon transmitter, a time
synchronization transmitter, or a Global Positioning System (GPS)
transmitter.
[0028] The wireless device may alternatively be referred to by
those skilled in the art as user equipment, a mobile station, a
subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless
unit, a wireless node, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless
communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station,
an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a
remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a
client, or some other suitable terminology. The base station may
alternatively be referred to by those skilled in the art as an
access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a
radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set
(BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a Node B, an evolved Node B,
or some other suitable terminology.
[0029] The exemplary methods and apparatuses discussed infra are
applicable to any of a variety of wireless peer-to-peer
communications systems, such as for example, a wireless
peer-to-peer communication system based on FlashLinQ, WiMedia,
Bluetooth, ZigBee, or Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. To
simplify the discussion, the exemplary methods and apparatus are
discussed within the context of FlashLinQ. However, one of ordinary
skill in the art would understand that the exemplary methods and
apparatuses are applicable more generally to a variety of other
wireless peer-to-peer communication systems.
[0030] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a system architecture 300
for a wireless peer-to-peer communications system. As shown in FIG.
3, the wireless device 302 may communicate with the wireless device
304 directly through peer-to-peer communication or indirectly
through a base station using WWAN communication. On each of the
wireless devices 302, 304, applications may be active. For example,
a plurality of applications 352 are running on the wireless device
302 and an application 354 is running on the wireless device 304.
Each of the applications may be associated with a unique
application identifier. An application identifier is an expression.
An expression is referred to as "direct" if there is no privacy
restriction on its discoverability. Direct expressions are strings
that are broadcasted to allow applications to discover each other
so that they may communicate together through peer-to-peer and/or
WWAN communication. As such, direct expressions may be any
application-defined information string, such a location, a service,
or otherwise an identifier associated with a particular application
running on a wireless device. Each direct expression may have a
shorter form code representation. The code representation is
referred to as a direct expression code.
[0031] The wireless device 302 receives an allocation of individual
direct expressions from the Allocation Server (AS) 316. The AS may
also be referred to as an Application Specific Allocator (ASA).
There may be multiple ASs 316, all of which coordinate together to
allocate unique direct expressions. The AS 316 is coupled to the
Direct Expression Provider (DEP) 312. The DEP 312 manages direct
expression name and code spaces and allocates blocks of direct
expression codes to the AS 316. The wireless device 302 and the DEP
312 may obtain a mapping between any direct expression name and
direct expression code from the Expression Name System (ENS) 314,
which maintains a repository of mappings between direct expression
names and codes.
[0032] The Home Service Provider (HSP) 306 authenticates and
authorizes the wireless device 302 to use the subscription service.
The Local Spectrum Provider (LSP) 308 enables the wireless device
302 to access the radio spectrum in a given area by providing the
wireless device 302 authorizing information. The LSP 308 is coupled
to the Domain Name Server (DNS) 310, which maintains DNS records so
that wireless devices may look up an Internet Protocol (IP) address
associated with a direct expression. The timing source 318 provides
global timing information to the wireless devices that have a
subscription through the HSP 306.
[0033] As discussed supra, application identifiers are expressions
of entities, services, locations, or other information associated
with an application. The expressions are broadcasted (advertised)
to allow other applications to discover each other. In the
following figures, methods of encoding/decoding direct expressions
are provided in order to provide secure advertising of the
expressions over a broadcast channel and secure discovery of the
broadcasted expressions.
[0034] FIG. 4 is a block diagram 400 for illustrating a first
exemplary method of encoding a direct expression into a peer
discovery information block. The method is performed by a wireless
device 302. The wireless device 302 may be allocated a direct
expression. The direct expression string corresponds to a direct
expression code 418, which is a code representation of the direct
expression string. The direct expression code 418 is encoded into a
peer discovery information block 420. The wireless device 302
broadcasts/advertises the peer discovery information block 420 in a
peer discovery channel. As shown in FIG. 4, the direct expression
code 418 is combined 422 with a key stream 416 to generate the peer
discovery information block 420. In one configuration, the direct
expression code 418 is combined 422 with the key stream 416 using
an XOR operation. Combining using an XOR operation allows for a
subset of the peer discovery information block 420 to be decoded
and utilized without decoding the entire peer discovery information
block 420. In other configurations, the direct expression code 418
is combined using other logical operations, such as for example,
through an OR operation, an AND operation, or any combination of OR
and AND operations. The key stream 416 is output by an encoder 414.
The encoder 414 may be a time-varying encoder 414. The encoder 414
generates the key stream 416 based on a system key 412 and an input
410. The input 410 includes at least one of a peer discovery
resource identifier (PDRID) 404 or an area identifier 406. The
PDRID 404 is associated with a particular peer discovery
subchannel, which includes a particular set of orthogonal frequency
divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a peer discovery channel
That is, each PDRID 404 maps to a set of OFDM symbols for use for
peer discovery. The area identifier 406 is an identifier
(geographic location information) associated with a particular
area, such as for example, a GPS location, an area defined by a GPS
location, or an identifier from a local beacon. Areas outside the
particular area have different area identifiers 406. The input 410
may also include time information 402. The time information 402 may
be obtained from the timing source 318. The input 410 may further
include system-wide known data 408. The system-wide known data 408
is a set of known bits that may be used to pad the input 410.
[0035] The time information 402 adds security to the communication
of the peer discovery information block 420, as the time
information 402 introduces variation over time into the
communicated peer discovery information block 420 while still
permitting wireless devices that receive the peer discovery
information block 420 to interpret the communicated information. As
such, the peer discovery information block 420 is effectively a
time-stamped, pseudo-random sequence. The time-stamped peer
discovery information block 420 can reassure a receiving wireless
device that the broadcast is recent and is not a replay from the
past. Furthermore, if the key stream 416 is somehow decoded (e.g.,
by a cryptographic attack) by a rogue wireless device which does
not have access to the (secret) system key 412, the key stream 416
may only be used to decode peer discovery information blocks that
were encoded with the same time information 402 through which the
key stream 416 was derived. As such, a compromised (fraudulently
obtained) key stream 416 would have only limited use.
[0036] The area identifier 406 adds further security to the
communication of the peer discovery information block 420, as the
area identifier 406 introduces area-dependent variation into the
communicated peer discovery information block 420. As such, the
peer discovery information block 420 is effectively space-stamped.
The space-stamped peer discovery information block 420 can reassure
a receiving wireless device that the broadcast was not sent in some
other region. Furthermore, if the key stream 416 is somehow
compromised, the key stream 416 may only be used to decode peer
discovery information blocks that were encoded with the same area
identifier 406 through which the key stream 416 was derived. As
such, a compromised key stream 416 would have only limited use in
the region in which the compromised key stream 416 was derived.
[0037] The PDRID 404 adds another layer of security to the
communication of the peer discovery information block 420, as the
PDRID 404 introduces channel-dependent variation into the
communicated peer discovery information block 420. As such, the
peer discovery information block 420 is effectively
channel-stamped. If the key stream 416 is somehow compromised, the
key stream 416 may only be used to decode peer discovery
information blocks that were encoded with the same PDRID 404
through which the key stream 416 was derived. As such, a
compromised key stream 416 could not be used for the discovery of
other expressions being advertised at the same time and location,
but in a different channel resource.
[0038] FIG. 5 is a block diagram 450 for illustrating a first
exemplary method of decoding a peer discovery information block to
obtain a direct expression. As shown in FIG. 5, the peer discovery
information block 420 is combined 422 with a key stream 416 in
order to recover the direct expression code 418. The peer discovery
information block 420 is combined 422 with the key stream 416 using
logical operations, such as for example, XOR, AND, and/or OR
operations. As discussed supra, combining using an XOR operation
allows for a subset of the peer discovery information block 420 to
be decoded in order to obtain only the portions of the direct
expression code 418 that are needed. The key stream 416 is output
by an encoder 414. The encoder 414 generates the key stream 416
based on a system key 412 and an input 410. The input 410 includes
at least one of a PDRID 404 or an area identifier 406. The input
410 may also include time information 402. The input 410 may
further include system-wide known data 408.
[0039] FIG. 6 is a block diagram 600 for illustrating a second
exemplary method of encoding a direct expression into a peer
discovery information block. As shown in FIG. 6, the direct
expression code 618 may be an input to the encoder 614. The encoder
614 receives as input the input 610 and the system key 612 and
outputs the peer discovery information block 620. The input 610
includes the direct expression code 618 and at least one of a PDRID
604 and an area identifier 606. The input 610 may further include
time information 602 and/or system-wide known data 608. The encoder
614 may be a time-varying encoder and may employ a cipher algorithm
or a message authentication code algorithm (sometimes called a
keyed (cryptographic) hash function) for performing the
encryption.
[0040] FIG. 7 is a block diagram 650 for illustrating a second
exemplary method of decoding a peer discovery information block to
obtain a direct expression. As shown in FIG. 7, the decoder 614
decodes the peer discovery information block 620 based on the
system key 612 and other input in order to obtain the direct
expression code 618. The input 611 includes the peer discovery
information block 620 and at least one of a PDRID 604 or an area
identifier 606. The input 611 may further include timing
information 602 and/or system-wide known data 608. The decoder 614'
may employ a cipher algorithm or a message authentication code
algorithm for performing the decryption.
[0041] As discussed supra, the peer discovery information block may
be encoded/encrypted with time information in order to provide a
time-stamp to protect against "replay attacks." Methods for further
securing the advertising of the expressions over a broadcast
channel and for securing the discovery of the broadcasted
expressions are provided in FIGS. 8-11. In the methods, a peer
discovery information block for broadcasting is encoded along with
at least one of a PDRID in order to provide a channel-stamp, or an
area identifier in order to provide a space-stamp to protect
against "wormhole attacks." A wireless device that receives a
particular peer discovery information block encoded with the
correct area identifier may be reassured that the broadcast
received is not one that was broadcasted in another region with a
different area identifier. Furthermore, a rogue wireless device
that obtains the key stream without paying for (or being authorized
to use) the system key will obtain only limited use of the key
stream, as the key stream may only be used to decode/decrypt peer
discovery information blocks that were derived with the same PDRID
and/or area identifier.
[0042] FIG. 8 is a flow chart 800 of an exemplary method. The
method is performed by a wireless device 302 in relation to FIG. 4.
As shown in FIG. 8, the wireless device 302 encodes an input
including at least one of a PDRID or an area identifier based on a
system key in order to generate a key stream (802). The wireless
device 302 combines the key stream with an expression to generate
an information block (804). The wireless device 302 generates the
information block to include the expression encoded based on at
least one of the PDRID or the area identifier (806). The wireless
device 302 sends the information block for broadcasting (808). The
information block may be a peer discovery information block. The
expression may be unique. The input may further include a timing
sequence. The input may include both the PDRID and the area
identifier. The input may further include system-wide known
data.
[0043] FIG. 9 is a flow chart 900 of an exemplary method. The
method is performed by the wireless device 302 in relation to FIG.
5. As shown in FIG. 9, the wireless device 302 receives an
information block that includes an expression encoded based on at
least one of a PDRID or an area identifier (902). The wireless
device 302 encodes an input including at least one of the PDRID or
the area identifier based on a system key in order to generate a
key stream (904). The wireless device 302 combines the key stream
with the information block in order to decode the information block
to obtain the expression (906). The wireless device 302 decodes the
information block based on said at least one of the PDRID or the
area identifier to obtain the expression (908). The information
block may be a peer discovery information block. The expression may
be unique. The input may further include a timing sequence. The
input may include both the peer discovery resource identifier and
the area identifier. The input may further include system-wide
known data.
[0044] FIG. 10 is a flow chart 1000 of an exemplary method. The
method is performed by the wireless device 302 in relation to FIG.
6. As shown in FIG. 10, the wireless device 302 encodes, using one
of a cipher algorithm or a message authentication code algorithm,
an input based on a system key in order to generate an information
block (1002). The input includes an expression and at least one of
a PDRID or an area identifier (1002). In addition, the wireless
device 302 generates the information block to include the
expression encoded based on at least one of the PDRID or the area
identifier (1004). Furthermore, the wireless device 302 sends the
information block for broadcasting (1006).
[0045] FIG. 11 is a flow chart 1100 of an exemplary method. The
method is performed by a wireless device 302 in relation to FIG. 7.
As shown in FIG. 11, the wireless device 302 receives an
information block that includes an expression encoded based on at
least one of a PDRID or an area identifier (1102). In addition, the
wireless device 302 decodes the information block based on the at
least one of the PDRID or the area identifier to obtain the
expression (1104). The wireless device 302 may perform the decoding
with one of a cipher algorithm or a message authentication code
algorithm. In such a configuration, the wireless device 302
performs the decoding on an input based on a system key in order to
decode the information block to obtain the expression. The input
includes the information block and at least one of the PDRID or the
area identifier.
[0046] FIG. 12 is a conceptual block diagram 1200 illustrating the
functionality of an exemplary apparatus 100, which may be a
wireless device 302. The apparatus 100 includes a module 1202 that
generates an information block to include an expression encoded
based on at least one of a PDRID or an area identifier. In
addition, the apparatus 100 includes a module 1204 that sends the
information block for broadcasting.
[0047] FIG. 13 is a conceptual block diagram 1300 illustrating the
functionality of an exemplary apparatus 100, which may be a
wireless device 302. The apparatus 100 includes a module 1302 that
receives an information block that includes an expression encoded
based on at least one of a PDRID or an area identifier. In
addition, the apparatus 100 includes a module 1304 that decodes the
information block based on said at least one of the PDRID or the
area identifier to obtain the expression.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, in one configuration, the apparatus 100
for wireless communication is a wireless device 302 and includes
means for generating an information block to include an expression
encoded based on at least one of a PDRID or an area identifier. In
addition, the apparatus 100 includes means for sending the
information block for broadcasting. The apparatus 100 may further
include means for encoding an input comprising at least one of the
PDRID or the area identifier based on a system key in order to
generate a key stream. The apparatus 100 may further include means
for combining the key stream with the expression to generate the
information block. The apparatus 100 may further include means for
encoding, using one of a cipher algorithm or a message
authentication code algorithm, an input based on a system key in
order to generate the information block. The input includes the
expression and at least one of the PDRID or the area identifier.
The aforementioned means is the processing system 114 configured to
perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0049] In another configuration, the apparatus 100 for wireless
communication is a wireless device 302 and includes means for
receiving an information block that includes an expression encoded
based on at least one of a PDRID or an area identifier. In
addition, the apparatus 100 includes means for decoding the
information block based on said at least one of the PDRID or the
area identifier to obtain the expression. The apparatus 100 may
further include means for encoding an input comprising at least one
of the PDRID or the area identifier based on a system key in order
to generate a key stream. The apparatus 100 may further include
means for combining the key stream with the information block in
order to decode the information block to obtain the expression. The
aforementioned means is the processing system 114 configured to
perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0050] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of
steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary
approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that
the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be
rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the
various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to
the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0051] The previous description is provided to enable any person
skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described
herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles
defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims
are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is
to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims,
wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to
mean "one and only one" unless specifically so stated, but rather
"one or more." Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term
"some" refers to one or more. All structural and functional
equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described
throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known
to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated
herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the
claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be
dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is
explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be
construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn.112, sixth
paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase
"means for" or, in the case of a method claim, the element is
recited using the phrase "step for."
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