U.S. patent application number 14/509746 was filed with the patent office on 2015-08-20 for wood adhesive, method for adhering wood materials using the same, and composite wood structure using the same.
The applicant listed for this patent is INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE. Invention is credited to Man-Lin Chen, Su-Huey Chen, Sue-May Chen, Hsien-Kuang Lin.
Application Number | 20150232724 14/509746 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53797536 |
Filed Date | 2015-08-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150232724 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chen; Man-Lin ; et
al. |
August 20, 2015 |
WOOD ADHESIVE, METHOD FOR ADHERING WOOD MATERIALS USING THE SAME,
AND COMPOSITE WOOD STRUCTURE USING THE SAME
Abstract
A wood adhesive, a method for adhering wood materials using the
same, and a composite wood structure using the same are disclosed.
The wood adhesive comprises a first agent and a second agent,
wherein the first agent comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
having a molecular weight from about 15,000 to about 500,000 and a
degree of substitution from about 0.4 to about 2, and the second
agent comprises polymeric quaternary amine.
Inventors: |
Chen; Man-Lin; (Miaoli
County, TW) ; Lin; Hsien-Kuang; (Hsinchu City,
TW) ; Chen; Sue-May; (Taipei City, TW) ; Chen;
Su-Huey; (Hsinchu City, TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE |
Hsinchu |
|
TW |
|
|
Family ID: |
53797536 |
Appl. No.: |
14/509746 |
Filed: |
October 8, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61940862 |
Feb 18, 2014 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/414 ;
156/322; 156/328; 524/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08G 73/0286 20130101;
C08G 73/0293 20130101; C08L 1/286 20130101; B32B 21/042 20130101;
B32B 21/02 20130101; C09J 101/286 20130101; B32B 23/044 20130101;
B32B 21/00 20130101; Y10T 428/31515 20150401; B32B 23/04 20130101;
B32B 7/12 20130101; C09J 179/02 20130101; B32B 21/04 20130101; B32B
7/00 20130101; B32B 23/00 20130101; B32B 23/14 20130101; C09J
179/02 20130101; C08L 1/286 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09J 179/04 20060101
C09J179/04; C09J 5/00 20060101 C09J005/00; B32B 21/04 20060101
B32B021/04; B32B 37/18 20060101 B32B037/18; B32B 7/12 20060101
B32B007/12; C09J 101/10 20060101 C09J101/10; B32B 37/12 20060101
B32B037/12 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 8, 2014 |
TW |
103116383 |
Claims
1. A wood adhesive, comprising: a first agent, comprising: sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose having a molecular weight from 15,000 to
500,000 and a degree of substitution from 0.4 to 2; and a second
agent, comprising: polymeric quaternary amine.
2. The wood adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric
quaternary amine is reacted from polyamidoamine and
epichlorohydrin.
3. The wood adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the first agent
further comprises water, and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is
present in the aqueous phase, and the second agent further
comprises water, and the polymeric quaternary amine is present in
the aqueous phase.
4. The wood adhesive according to claim 1, having a pH value from 2
to 12.
5. A method for adhering wood materials, comprising: providing a
first wood block and a second wood block; and bonding the first
wood block with the second wood block by a wood adhesive, wherein
the wood adhesive comprises a first agent and a second agent, the
first agent comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a
molecular weight from 15,000 to 500,000 and a degree of
substitution from 0.4 to 2, and the second agent comprises
polymeric quaternary amine.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the bonding the first
wood block with the second wood block step comprises: mixing the
first agent and the second agent; applying the wood adhesive to at
least one of the first wood block and the second wood block; and
curing the wood adhesive.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first agent and the
second agent is mixed at a ratio from 0.25:1 to 1:0.1.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first agent and the
second agent is mixed at a ratio from 0.7:1 to 1:0.2.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the curing the wood
adhesive step comprises applying a pressure of 10 kg/cm.sup.2 at
5.degree. C. to 45.degree. C. for 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the curing the wood
adhesive step further comprises applying a pressure of 10
kg/cm.sup.2 at 90.degree. C. to 230.degree. C. for 3 minutes to 25
minutes.
11. The method according to claim 5, further comprising
pre-treating the first wood block and the second wood block.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the pre-treating the
first wood block and the second wood block step comprises
heating.
13. A composite wood structure, comprising: a first wood block; a
second wood block; and an adhesion layer bonding the first wood
block with the second wood block, the adhesion layer is formed by
mixing a first agent and a second agent of a wood adhesive and
curing the wood adhesive, wherein the first agent of the wood
adhesive comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a
molecular weight from 15,000 to 500,000 and a degree of
substitution from 0.4 to 2, and the second agent of the wood
adhesive comprises polymeric quaternary amine.
14. The composite wood structure according to claim 13, wherein at
least one of the first wood block and the second wood block
comprises a particleboard, an oriented strand board, a fiberboard,
a plywood, a block board, or a laminate.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefits of U.S. provisional
application Ser. No. 61/940,862, filed Feb. 18, 2014, and Taiwan
application Serial No. 103116383, filed May 8, 2014, the
disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The disclosure relates to an adhesive, a method for adhering
materials using the same, and a composite structure using the same.
More particularly, the disclosure relates to a wood adhesive, a
method for adhering wood materials using the same, and a composite
wood structure using the same.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Wood adhesive is the most widely used adhesive, and its
consumption is more than half of the total consumption of the
adhesives. Over 80% of the wood adhesive comprises at least one of
urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic-formaldehyde resin as the main
agent. However, such resins will release formaldehyde for up to
even over ten years due to their curing mechanism, thus cause
pollution and health damage. As such, it is the trend of times to
solving the formaldehyde release and pollution problem of the wood
adhesive.
SUMMARY
[0004] In this disclosure, a wood adhesive using a biomass material
is provided. The biomass material to be used is cellulose
derivative. In this disclosure, a method for adhering wood
materials using the wood adhesive and a composite wood structure
using the wood adhesive are also provided.
[0005] According to some embodiments, the wood adhesive comprises a
first agent and a second agent. The first agent comprises sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose having a molecular weight from about 15,000
to about 500,000 and a degree of substitution from about 0.4 to
about 2. The second agent comprises polymeric quaternary amine.
[0006] According to some embodiments, the method for adhering wood
materials comprises the following steps. At first, a first wood
block and a second wood block are provided. Then, the first wood
block is bonded with the second wood block by a wood adhesive,
wherein the wood adhesive comprises a first agent and a second
agent, the first agent comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
having a molecular weight from about 15,000 to about 500,000 and a
degree of substitution from about 0.4 to about 2, and the second
agent comprises polymeric quaternary amine.
[0007] According to some embodiments, the composite wood structure
comprises a first wood block, a second wood block and an adhesion
layer. The adhesion layer bonds the first wood block with the
second wood block. The adhesion layer is formed by mixing a first
agent and a second agent of a wood adhesive and curing the wood
adhesive, wherein the first agent of the wood adhesive comprises
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a molecular weight from about
15,000 to about 500,000 and a degree of substitution from about 0.4
to about 2, and the second agent of the wood adhesive comprises
polymeric quaternary amine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] None.
[0009] Below, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail
with reference to accompanying drawings so as to be easily realized
by a person having ordinary knowledge in the art. The inventive
concept may be embodied in various forms without being limited to
the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Descriptions of
well-known parts are omitted for clarity, and like reference
numerals refer to like elements throughout.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] In this disclosure, a wood adhesive using a cellulose
derivative is provided. The cellulose derivative has a structure as
shown in Chemical Formula 1, wherein R is H or CH.sub.2CO.sub.2Na,
n is an integer.
##STR00001##
According to some embodiments, the wood adhesive comprises a first
agent and a second agent. The first agent and the second agent may
be stored separately, and not be mixed until the wood adhesive is
needed to be used. However, the embodiments are not limited
thereto.
[0011] The first agent may be a main agent. The first agent
comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a molecular weight
from about 15,000 to about 500,000 and a degree of substitution
from about 0.4 to about 2. The term "degree of substitution" is
defined as the average number of carboxymethyl group in each
glucose unit. In some embodiments, the first agent may further
comprise water. The first agent exists as an aqueous phase, and the
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is present in the aqueous phase.
However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.
[0012] The second agent may be a curing agent. The second agent
comprises polymeric quaternary amine. In some embodiments, the
polymeric quaternary amine may be reacted from polyamidoamine and
epichlorohydrin. Such polymeric quaternary amine comprises a unit
as shown in Chemical Formula 2, wherein m is an integer.
##STR00002##
In some embodiments, the second agent may further comprise water.
The second agent exists as an aqueous phase, and the polymeric
quaternary amine is present in the aqueous phase. However, the
embodiments are not limited thereto.
[0013] In some embodiments, the wood adhesive may further comprise
various additives. For example, the wood adhesive may further
comprise at least one of fillers and a flame resisting agent. The
fillers may comprise at least one kind of starch and wood chips.
These additives may be added into the first agent, the second
agent, or the mixed wood adhesive. In some embodiments, the pH
value of the wood adhesive may be changed to about 2 to about 12.
For example, the pH value of the mixed wood adhesive may be
changed. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.
[0014] In the wood adhesive according to the above embodiments, the
biomass material is used as the main agent. As such, the
formaldehyde release problem is solved. Further, the use of the
wood adhesive according to the above embodiments will not be
affected by the shortage of the petrochemical materials.
[0015] In the wood adhesive according to the above embodiments, the
cellulose derivative is used. Compared to the commonly used soy
protein, which is the most widely used biomass material, the
cellulose derivatives are more abundant in nature, and not needed
to be obtained from food crops. Further, compared to the wood
adhesive using the soy protein, the wood adhesive according to the
above embodiments is less likely to rot and gives no soybean
odor.
[0016] A method for adhering wood materials using a wood adhesive
according to any one of the above embodiments may comprise
providing a first wood block and a second wood block, and bonding
the first wood block with the second wood block by the wood
adhesive. For example, the wood adhesive may comprise a first agent
and a second agent, the first agent comprises sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose having a molecular weight from about 15,000 to about
500,000 and a degree of substitution from about 0.4 to about 2, and
the second agent comprises polymeric quaternary amine.
[0017] More specifically, the first wood block and the second wood
block may be pre-treated, such as be heated for a period of time so
as to remove water, essential oils, volatile compounds and the
like, and kill insect eggs. When intending to bond the first wood
block with the second wood block, the first agent and the second
agent may be mixed. In some embodiments, the first agent and the
second agent may be mixed at a ratio from about 0.25:1 to about
1:0.1, or from about 0.7:1 to about 1:0.2. Then, the mixed wood
adhesive is applied (such as by coating) to the surface(s) of the
first wood block and the second wood block to be bonded. The wood
adhesive may be applied to both of the surfaces to be bonded, or
only one of the surfaces to be bonded. Thereafter, the wood
adhesive may be cured by applying a pressure. In some embodiments,
a pressure of about 10 kg/cm.sup.2 may be applied at about
5.degree. C. to 45.degree. C. for about 10 to 30 minutes, and then
a pressure of about 10 kg/cm.sup.2 may be applied at about
90.degree. C. to 230.degree. C. for about 3 to 25 minutes. As such,
the curing of the wood adhesive is accelerated.
[0018] The curing of the wood adhesive according to the embodiments
is through various reaction mechanisms. One is the cross-linking of
the polymeric quaternary amine itself, the product is shown in
Chemical Formula 3, wherein R' is the polymeric quaternary
amine.
##STR00003##
One is the reaction between the polymeric quaternary amine and the
hydroxyl group of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the hydroxyl
group of the cellulose in the first wood block, or the hydroxyl
group of the cellulose in the second wood block, to form an "--O--"
connection. The product is shown in Chemical Formula 4, wherein R''
is the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the cellulose or the
like.
##STR00004##
Another one is the reaction between the polymeric quaternary amine
and the carboxylate anion of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, to
form a "--COO--" connection. The product is shown in Chemical
Formula 5, wherein R''' is the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
##STR00005##
Since the wood blocks are bonded with the wood adhesive by various
reaction mechanisms, a good bonding characteristic is obtained
through the method for adhering wood materials according to the
embodiments.
[0019] In some embodiments, at least one of the first wood block
and the second wood block comprises a particleboard, an oriented
strand board, a fiberboard, a plywood, a block board, or a
laminate. In some embodiments, the first agent and the second agent
of the wood adhesive may exist as aqueous phases. In some
embodiments, the wood adhesive may further comprise various
additives. For example, the wood adhesive may further comprise
fillers or a flame resisting agent. In some embodiments, the wood
adhesive may have a pH value from about 2 to 12, or from about 3 to
11.53.
[0020] A composite wood structure using a wood adhesive according
to any one of the above embodiments may be bonded by a method for
adhering wood materials according to any one of the above
embodiments. According to some embodiments, a composite wood
structure may comprise a first wood block, a second wood block and
an adhesion layer bonding the first wood block with the second wood
block. The adhesion layer is formed by mixing a first agent and a
second agent of a wood adhesive according to any one of the above
embodiments, and curing the wood adhesive. For example, the wood
adhesive may comprise a first agent and a second agent, the first
agent comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a molecular
weight from about 15,000 to about 500,000 and a degree of
substitution from about 0.4 to about 2, and the second agent
comprises polymeric quaternary amine. The wood adhesive according
to the embodiment may provide a good bonding characteristic to the
composite wood structure. In some embodiments, at least one of the
first wood block and the second wood block comprises a
particleboard, an oriented strand board, a fiberboard, a plywood, a
block board, or a laminate.
[0021] A plurality of embodiments of the wood adhesive, the method
for adhering wood materials and the composite wood structure have
been described. For a more clear and specific understanding to the
wood adhesive, the method for adhering wood materials and the
composite wood structure according to the embodiments, several
examples and comparative examples are provided for detailed
illustration.
[0022] Preparation of First Agent (Aqua 1)
[0023] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-1]
[0024] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 880 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 120 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (C5678, SIGMA-ALDRICH) having a molecular
weight of 90,000 and a degree of substitution from 0.65 to 0.9 was
added. The reaction flask was placed in an oil bath controlled at
50.degree. C. A stirring speed of 250 rpm was applied for over 24
hours for dissolving. After cooling, a 12 wt % sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose solution 1-1 (hereinafter Aqua 1-1) was obtained.
[0025] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-2]
[0026] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 937 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 62.7 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (C4888, SIGMA-ALDRICH) having a molecular
weight of 250,000 and a degree of substitution of 0.7 was added.
The reaction flask was placed in an oil bath controlled at
50.degree. C. A stirring speed of 250 rpm was applied for over 24
hours for dissolving. After cooling, a 6.27 wt% sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose solution 1-2 (hereinafter Aqua 1-2) was
obtained.
[0027] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-3]
[0028] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 960 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 40 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (C5013, SIGMA-ALDRICH) having a molecular
weight of 700,000 and a degree of substitution from 0.65 to 0.85
was added. The reaction flask was placed in an oil bath controlled
at 50.degree. C. A stirring speed of 250 rpm was applied for over
24 hours for dissolving. After cooling, a 4 wt % sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose solution 1-3 (hereinafter Aqua 1-3) was
obtained.
[0029] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-4]
[0030] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 900 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 100 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (PR, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
having a molecular weight of 47,000 and a degree of substitution
from 0.6 to 0.7 was added. The reaction flask was placed in an oil
bath controlled at 50.degree. C. A stirring speed of 250 rpm was
applied for over 24 hours for dissolving. After cooling, a 10 wt %
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution 1-4 (hereinafter Aqua 1-4)
was obtained.
[0031] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-5]
[0032] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 880 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 120 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (7A, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
having a molecular weight from 27,000 to 33,000 and a degree of
substitution from 0.7 to 0.8 was added. The reaction flask was
placed in an oil bath controlled at 50.degree. C. A stirring speed
of 250 rpm was applied for over 24 hours for dissolving. After
cooling, a 12 wt % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution 1-5
(hereinafter Aqua 1-5) was obtained.
[0033] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-6]
[0034] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 880 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 120 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (6A, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
having a molecular weight smaller than 27,000 and a degree of
substitution from 0.7 to 0.8 was added. The reaction flask was
placed in an oil bath controlled at 50.degree. C. A stirring speed
of 250 rpm was applied for over 24 hours for dissolving. After
cooling, a 12 wt % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution 1-6
(hereinafter Aqua 1-6) was obtained.
[0035] [Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution 1-7]
[0036] A four-neck reaction flask was provided, and 893 g of
deionized water was added therein. Then, 107 g of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (PL-15, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
having a degree of substitution from 0.45 to 0.55 was added. The
reaction flask was placed in an oil bath controlled at 50.degree.
C. A stirring speed of 250 rpm was applied for over 24 hours for
dissolving. After cooling, a 10.7 wt % sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose solution 1-7 (hereinafter Aqua 1-7) was obtained.
[0037] Preparation of Second Agent (Aqua 2)
[0038] Polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin (Kymene.RTM.557H,
Hercules) was used, hereinafter Aqua 2. It is a 12.5 wt % solution
having a pH value of about 4.
[0039] Tests for the Ratio of First Agent (Aqua 1) and Second Agent
(Aqua 2)
[EXAMPLE 1]
[0040] 1.0 g of Aqua 1-1 and 3.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form
[0041] Wood Adhesive 1. Wood Adhesive 1 was coated between two wood
sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip
shape for the following pull test using a double column pull
testing machine. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets
were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at
120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such,
the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests were carried
out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried
out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the
bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room temperature (such
as 25.degree. C.) for 24 hours, and then the bonded wood sheets
were dried at the room temperature for 2 days. After drying, the
pull test was carried out. The pull tests were carried out using a
double column pull testing machine (Cometech Testing machines Co.,
Ltd.).
EXAMPLE 2
[0042] 2.0 g of Aqua 1-1 and 2.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form Wood Adhesive 2. Wood Adhesive 2 was coated between two
wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm
strip shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1
cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200
psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood
adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two
tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a
pull test was carried out right after the attachment of the wood
sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at
room temperature for 24 hours, and then the bonded wood sheets were
dried at the room temperature for 2 days. After drying, the pull
test was carried out.
EXAMPLE 3
[0043] 3.0 g of Aqua 1-1 and 1.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form Wood Adhesive 3. Wood Adhesive 3 was coated between two
wood sheets.
[0044] The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip
shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2.
The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was
applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive.
As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests
were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test
was carried out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In
Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room
temperature for 24 hours, and then the bonded wood sheets were
dried at the room temperature for 2 days. After drying, the pull
test was carried out.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
[0045] Aqua 2 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then the bonded wood sheets were dried at the room temperature for
2 days. After drying, the pull test was carried out.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
[0046] Aqua 1-1was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then the bonded wood sheets were dried at the room temperature for
2 days. After drying, the pull test was carried out.
[0047] [Test Results]
[0048] The test results of the Examples and the Comparative
Examples described above were listed in Table 1. The term
"percentage of biomass material" means the percentage of biomass
material (at here and most of the following Examples and
Comparative Examples, the biomass material is sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose, and in some of the Comparative Examples, the biomass
material is soy protein) in total weight. Parts of the pull test
results were shown as larger than a certain value. It means that,
when the pull force was at said value, the woods were broken, and
thus the pull force needed to depart the adhesive cannot be
measured out. No good bonding results were obtained in the case
that only Aqua 1-1 was used, i.e., the second agent (polymeric
quaternary amine solution) was not used, or in the case that only
Aqua 2 was used, i.e., the first agent (sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose solution) was not used. While good bonding results were
obtained for the wood adhesives according to the Examples in a wide
component ratio range. Further, even in the case being soaked for
24 hours, good bonding results were still obtained for the wood
adhesives according to the Examples. That is, the wood adhesives
according to the embodiments and Examples have a moisture
resistance to some extent.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition of wood adhesive Percentage Pull
test results Aqua 1-1 Aqua 2 of biomass Test 1 Test 2 (g) (g)
material (kg/cm.sup.2) (kg/cm.sup.2) Comparative 0 1 0 wt % 5.46
separate Example 1 Example 1 1 3 24 wt % >27.8 30.25 Example 2 2
2 49 wt % >24.8 >25.4 Example 3 3 1 74 wt % >23.1 18.9
Comparative 1 0 100 wt % >32 separate Example 2
EXAMPLE 4
[0049] 2.0 g of Aqua 1-2 and 1.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form Wood Adhesive 4. Wood Adhesive 4 was coated between two
wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm
strip shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1
cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200
psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood
adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two
tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a
pull test was carried out right after the attachment of the wood
sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at
room temperature for 24 hours, and then the bonded wood sheets were
dried at the room temperature for 2 days. After drying, the pull
test was carried out.
EXAMPLE 5
[0050] 6.0 g of Aqua 1-2 and 1.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form Wood Adhesive 5. Wood Adhesive 5 was coated between two
wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm
strip shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1
cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200
psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood
adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two
tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a
pull test was carried out right after the attachment of the wood
sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at
room temperature for 24 hours, and then the bonded wood sheets were
dried at the room temperature for 2 days. After drying, the pull
test was carried out.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
[0051] Aqua 1-2 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then the bonded wood sheets were dried at the room temperature for
2 days. After drying, the pull test was carried out.
[0052] [Test Results]
[0053] The test results of the Examples and the Comparative
Examples described above were listed in Table 2. Parts of the pull
test results were shown as larger than a certain value. It means
that, when the pull force was at said value, the woods were broken,
and thus the pull force needed to depart the adhesive cannot be
measured out. No good bonding results were obtained in the case
that only Aqua 1-2 was used, i.e., the second agent (polymeric
quaternary amine solution) was not used, or in the case that only
Aqua 2 was used, i.e., the first agent (sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose solution) was not used. While good bonding results were
obtained for the wood adhesives according to the Examples in a wide
component ratio range. Further, even in the case being soaked for
24 hours, good bonding results were still obtained for the wood
adhesives according to the Examples. That is, the wood adhesives
according to the embodiments and Examples have a moisture
resistance to some extent.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Composition of wood adhesive Percentage Pull
test Aqua 1-2 Aqua 2 of biomass Test 1 Test 2 (g) (g) material
(kg/cm.sup.2) (kg/cm.sup.2) Comparative 0 1 0 wt % 5.46 separate
Example 1 Example 4 2 1 50 wt % 21.46 >25 Example 5 6 1 74 wt %
>12 >15.45 Comparative 1 0 100 wt % >25.4 separate Example
3
[0054] Tests for the pH Value of Wood Adhesive
EXAMPLE 6
[0055] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.88 g of a HCl
solution (a dilute solution in which concentrated hydrochloric acid
is 18.5 wt %, hereinafter HCl.sub.(aq)) were uniformly mixed to
form Wood Adhesive 6. Wood Adhesive 6 was coated between two wood
sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip
shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2.
The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was
applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive.
As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests
were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test
was carried out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In
Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room
temperature for 24 hours, and then a pull test was carried out
without drying. Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH
value and the pot life at 25.degree. C. of Wood Adhesive 6 were
measured. The pH value was measured using a pH meter (pH meter
6250, JENCO electronics). In the measurement of pot life, the
viscosity of Wood Adhesive 6 was measured at 30 minutes after
mixing and 5 hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of
a viscometer (DV-III, BROOK Field) at 30 rpm, and then the change
of the viscosity was calculated.
EXAMPLE 7
[0056] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.385 of a
HCl.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 7. Wood
Adhesive 7 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets were
configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following pull
test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 7 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 7 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 8
[0057] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1 and 5.0 g of Aqua 2 were uniformly mixed
to form Wood Adhesive 8. Wood Adhesive 8 was coated between two
wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm
strip shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1
cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200
psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood
adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two
tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a
pull test was carried out right after the attachment of the wood
sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at
room temperature for 24 hours, and then a pull test was carried out
without drying. Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH
value and the pot life at 25.degree. C. of Wood Adhesive 8 were
measured. The pH value was measured using the pH meter. In the
measurement of pot life, the viscosity of Wood Adhesive 8 was
measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5 hours after mixing,
respectively, using Spindle 28 of the viscometer at 30 rpm, and
then the change of the viscosity was calculated.
EXAMPLE 9
[0058] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.206 g of a NaOH
solution (a dilute solution in which concentrated sodium hydroxide
solution is 10 wt %, hereinafter NaOH.sub.(aq)) were uniformly
mixed to form Wood Adhesive 9. Wood Adhesive 9 was coated between
two wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1
cm strip shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1
cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200
psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood
adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two
tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a
pull test was carried out right after the attachment of the wood
sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at
room temperature for 24 hours, and then a pull test was carried out
without drying. Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH
value and the pot life at 25.degree. C. of Wood Adhesive 9 were
measured. The pH value was measured using the pH meter. In the
measurement of pot life, the viscosity of Wood Adhesive 9 was
measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5 hours after mixing,
respectively, using Spindle 28 of the viscometer at 30 rpm, and
then the change of the viscosity was calculated.
EXAMPLE 10
[0059] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 10. Wood
Adhesive 10 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 10 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 10 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 30 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 11
[0060] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.69 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 11. Wood
Adhesive 11 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 11 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 11 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 12
[0061] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 1.039 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 12. Wood
Adhesive 12 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 12 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 12 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 30 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 13
[0062] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 1.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 13. Wood
Adhesive 13 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 13 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 13 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
[0063] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 2 g of HCl.sub.(aq)
were uniformly mixed to form a comparative wood adhesive. The
comparative wood adhesive was coated between two wood sheets. The
wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for
the following pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood
sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at
120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such,
the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests were carried
out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried
out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the
bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24
hours, and then a pull test was carried out without drying.
Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH value of the
comparative wood adhesive was measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. The pot life of this comparative wood adhesive
was not measured due to phase separation.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5
[0064] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 2.54 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form a comparative wood
adhesive. The comparative wood adhesive was coated between two wood
sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip
shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2.
The wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was
applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive.
As such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests
were carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test
was carried out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In
Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room
temperature for 24 hours, and then a pull test was carried out
without drying. Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH
value and the pot life at 25.degree. C. of the comparative wood
adhesive were measured. The pH value was measured using the pH
meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity of the
comparative wood adhesive was measured at 30 minutes after mixing
and 5 hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
[0065] [Test Results]
[0066] The test results of the Examples and the Comparative
Examples described above were listed in Table 3. Only ranges for
the results of pot life and pull test were shown due to sample
deviation. The results of the pot life is very good for lower than
or equal to 50%, good for higher than 50% while lower than 100%,
usable for higher than or equal to 100%. The user may choose anyone
according to his or her need. However, the ones having a pot life
higher than 200% are not suitable for use. The results of the pull
test is very good for higher than or equal to 15 kg/cm.sup.2, good
for lower than 15 kg/cm.sup.2 while higher than 8 kg/cm.sup.2,
usable for lower than or equal to 8 kg/cm.sup.2 while higher than 3
kg/cm.sup.2. The user may choose anyone according to his or her
need. However, the ones having a pull test result lower than or
equal to 3 kg/cm.sup.2 are not suitable for use. No good bonding
results were obtained in the case too acidic or too basic. While
good bonding results were obtained for the wood adhesives according
to the Examples in a wide pH range, in particular good for pH value
in a range from about 2 to about 12. Further, even in the case
being soaked for 24 hours, good bonding results were still obtained
for the wood adhesives according to the Examples.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Composition of wood adhesive Pot life
HCl.sub.(aq)/ Percentage Result Result Pot Pull test Aqua 1-1 Aqua
2 NaOH.sub.(aq) of biomass pH of 30 min of 5 hr life Test 1 Test 2
(g) (g) (g) material value (cps) (cps) (%) (kg/cm.sup.2)
(kg/cm.sup.2) Comparative 15 5 2 74 wt % 1.01 -- -- -- .ltoreq.3
.ltoreq.3 Example 4 Example 6 15 5 0.88 74 wt % 2.87 20903 38108 82
8 to 15 3 to 8 Example 7 15 5 0.385 74 wt % 3.81 16200 20000 23 8
to 15 8 to 15 Example 8 15 5 -- 74 wt % 5.3 17633 28900 63
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 9 15 5 0.206 74 wt % 6.85 14067 22000 26
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 10 15 5 0.5 74 wt % 8.06 13100 15200 16
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 11 15 5 0.69 74 wt % 9.57 10300 12400 20
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 12 15 5 1.039 74 wt % 11.53 9113 12067
32 .gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 13 15 5 1.5 74 wt % 11.96 5867 10000
70 .gtoreq.15 3 to 8 Comparative 15 5 2.539 74 wt % 12.08 2475 5200
220 .gtoreq.15 .ltoreq.3 Example 5
[0067] Tests for Molecular Weight and Degree of Substitution of
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose of First Agent (Aqua 1)
EXAMPLE 14
[0068] 30.0 g of Aqua 1-2, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 14. Wood
Adhesive 14 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 14 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 14 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 15 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 15
[0069] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-1, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 15. Wood
Adhesive 15 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 15 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 15 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 30 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 16
[0070] 18.75 g of Aqua 1-4, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 16. Wood
Adhesive 16 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm.sup.2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 16 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 16 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 30 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 17
[0071] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-5, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 17. Wood
Adhesive 17 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 17 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 17 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 28 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 18
[0072] 15.0 g of Aqua 1-6, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 18. Wood
Adhesive 18 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 18 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 18 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 100 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
EXAMPLE 19
[0073] 16.8 g of Aqua 1-7, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form Wood Adhesive 19. Wood
Adhesive 19 was coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets
were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following
pull test. The coated area was 1 cm2. The wood sheets were
overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C.
for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets
were attached to each other. Two tests were carried out for the
bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right
after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood
sheets were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and
then a pull test was carried out without drying. Further, after the
two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree.
C. of Wood Adhesive 19 were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of Wood Adhesive 19 was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5
hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the
viscometer at 60 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6
[0074] 45.0 g of Aqua 1-3, 5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of
NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to form a comparative wood
adhesive. The comparative wood adhesive was coated between two wood
sheets. The wood sheets were configured to have a 10 cm*1 cm strip
shape for the following pull test. The coated area was 1 cm2. The
wood sheets were overlapped, and a pressure of 200 psi was applied
at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to cure the wood adhesive. As
such, the wood sheets were attached to each other. Two tests were
carried out for the bonded wood sheets. In Test 1, a pull test was
carried out right after the attachment of the wood sheets. In Test
2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked in water at room temperature
for 24 hours, and then a pull test was carried out without drying.
Further, after the two agents were mixed, the pH value and the pot
life at 25.degree. C. of the comparative wood adhesive were
measured. The pH value was measured using the pH meter. In the
measurement of pot life, the viscosity of the comparative wood
adhesive was measured at 30 minutes after mixing and 5 hours after
mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of the viscometer at 40 rpm,
and then the change of the viscosity was calculated.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7
[0075] Preparing a 26 wt % soy protein solution using soy protein
(Dupont.RTM. Soy polymer, LVH). 7.5 g of the soy protein solution,
5.0 g of Aqua 2 and 0.5 g of NaOH.sub.(aq) were uniformly mixed to
form a comparative wood adhesive. The comparative wood adhesive was
coated between two wood sheets. The wood sheets were configured to
have a 10 cm*1 cm strip shape for the following pull test. The
coated area was 1 cm2. The wood sheets were overlapped, and a
pressure of 200 psi was applied at 120.degree. C. for 20 minutes to
cure the wood adhesive. As such, the wood sheets were attached to
each other. Two tests were carried out for the bonded wood sheets.
In Test 1, a pull test was carried out right after the attachment
of the wood sheets. In Test 2, the bonded wood sheets were soaked
in water at room temperature for 24 hours, and then a pull test was
carried out without drying. Further, after the two agents were
mixed, the pH value and the pot life at 25.degree. C. of the
comparative wood adhesive were measured. The pH value was measured
using the pH meter. In the measurement of pot life, the viscosity
of the comparative wood adhesive was measured at 30 minutes after
mixing and 5 hours after mixing, respectively, using Spindle 29 of
the viscometer at 40 rpm, and then the change of the viscosity was
calculated.
[0076] [Test Results]
[0077] The test results of the Examples and the Comparative
Examples described above were listed in Table 4. Only ranges for
the results of pot life and pull test were shown due to sample
deviation. The results of the pot life is very good for lower than
or equal to 50%, good for higher than 50% while lower than 100%,
usable for higher than or equal to 100%. The user may choose anyone
according to his or her need. However, the ones having a pot life
higher than 200% are not suitable for use. The results of the pull
test is very good for higher than or equal to 15 kg/cm.sup.2, good
for lower than 15 kg/cm.sup.2 while higher than 8 kg/cm.sup.2,
usable for lower than or equal to 8 kg/cm.sup.2 while higher than 3
kg/cm.sup.2. The user may choose anyone according to his or her
need. However, the ones having a pull test result lower than or
equal to 3 kg/cm.sup.2 are not suitable for use. Good bonding
results were obtained for the wood adhesives according to the
Examples in a wide molecular weight range and a wide
degree-of-substitution range. In particular, it is good to have a
molecular weight from about 15,000 to about 250,000 and a degree of
substitution higher than 0.4. Further, even in the case being
soaked for 24 hours, good bonding results were still obtained for
the wood adhesives according to the Examples. The wood adhesive
using the soy protein were listed as a comparative example
(Comparative Example 7). The wood adhesive according to the
Examples is competitive to the wood adhesive using the soy
protein.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Composition of Pot life wood adhesive
Percentage Result Result Pot Pull test Aqua 1 Aqua 2 NaOH.sub.(aq)
of biomass pH of 30 min of 5 hr life Test 1 Test 2 (g) (g) (g)
material value (cps) (cps) (%) (kg/cm.sup.2) (kg/cm.sup.2)
Comparative 45 5 0.5 74 wt % 8 to 10 37500 340000 806 .gtoreq.15 8
to 15 Example 6 Example 14 30 5 0.5 74 wt % 52100 92000 76
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 15 15 5 0.5 74 wt % 13100 15200 16
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 16 18.75 5 0.5 74 wt % 16167 27500 70
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 17 15 5 0.5 74 wt % 2033 2350 15
.gtoreq.15 8 to 15 Example 18 15 5 0.5 74 wt % 240 260 8 .gtoreq.15
3 to 8 Example 19 16.8 5 0.5 74 wt % 10100 12500 23 .gtoreq.15 3 to
8 Comparative 7.5 5 0.5 74 wt % 5200 6200 25 .gtoreq.15 3 to 8
Example 7
[0078] In summary, since the biomass material is used as the main
agent in the wood adhesive according to embodiments, the
formaldehyde release problem is solved, and the use of the wood
adhesive will not be affected by the shortage of the petrochemical
materials. In addition, since the cellulose derivative is used in
the wood adhesive according to embodiments, compared to the
commonly used soy protein, the wood adhesive according to
embodiments is less likely to rot and gives no soybean odor.
Further, the wood adhesive according to embodiments has a good
moisture resistance and a good bonding effect.
[0079] The composite wood structure using said wood adhesive is
less likely to rot and gives no soybean odor. Further, the
composite wood structure has a good moisture resistance and a good
bonding effect.
[0080] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed
embodiments. It is intended that the specification and examples be
considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of the disclosure
being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
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