U.S. patent application number 14/038158 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-29 for methods and systems for media guidance applications configured to monitor brain activity.
This patent application is currently assigned to UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC.. Invention is credited to Yinghsueh Chen, Walter R. Klappert, Michael R. Nichols, Camron Shimy, Paul Stathacopoulos, William Wagner.
Application Number | 20150033258 14/038158 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52390049 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150033258 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Klappert; Walter R. ; et
al. |
January 29, 2015 |
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MEDIA GUIDANCE APPLICATIONS CONFIGURED TO
MONITOR BRAIN ACTIVITY
Abstract
Methods and systems are disclosed herein for a media guidance
application that may monitor the brain activity of a user and
determine a first brain state of the user based on the brain
activity, in which the first brain state corresponds to a first
mood. The media guidance application may also select a second brain
state that corresponds to a second mood of the user. In response to
determining the first brain state does not correspond to the second
brain state, the media guidance application may generate a display
of a media asset to the user that is associated with inducing the
second brain state.
Inventors: |
Klappert; Walter R.; (Los
Angeles, CA) ; Nichols; Michael R.; (La Canada
Flintridge, CA) ; Shimy; Camron; (Canyon Country,
CA) ; Wagner; William; (Chester Springs, PA) ;
Chen; Yinghsueh; (San Gabriel, CA) ; Stathacopoulos;
Paul; (San Carlos, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC. |
Santa Clara |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES,
INC.
Santa Clara
CA
|
Family ID: |
52390049 |
Appl. No.: |
14/038158 |
Filed: |
September 26, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61857749 |
Jul 24, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
725/38 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/486 20130101;
H04N 21/4316 20130101; H04N 21/443 20130101; A61B 5/0482 20130101;
A61B 5/7264 20130101; H04N 21/4852 20130101; H04N 21/4668 20130101;
A61B 5/0488 20130101; H04N 21/42222 20130101; H04N 21/4314
20130101; G06F 3/015 20130101; H04N 21/4436 20130101; A61B 5/1103
20130101; A61B 5/0496 20130101; H04N 21/4333 20130101; H04N 21/4126
20130101; H04N 21/42206 20130101; A61B 5/6803 20130101; H04N
21/42201 20130101; H04N 21/482 20130101; A61B 5/0476 20130101; A61B
5/7246 20130101; H04N 21/4334 20130101; H04N 21/44218 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
725/38 |
International
Class: |
H04N 21/422 20060101
H04N021/422 |
Claims
1. A method of selecting media content in response to brain
activity of a user, the method comprising: monitoring the brain
activity of the user; determining a first brain state based on the
brain activity, wherein the first brain state corresponds to a
first mood of the user; selecting a second brain state, wherein the
second brain state corresponds to a second mood of the user;
comparing the first brain state to the second brain state to
determine whether the first brain state corresponds to the second
brain state; and in response to determining the first brain state
does not correspond to the second brain state, generating a display
of a media asset to the user, wherein the media asset is associated
with inducing the second brain state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the brain activity of
the user further comprises receiving data from an
electroencephalogram unit indicating a first frequency range of the
brain activity of the user or receiving data from an electromyogram
unit indicating first electrical activity of muscles near a brain
of the user at rest and during contraction.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the electroencephalogram unit or
the electromyogram unit is incorporated into a mobile headset,
wherein the mobile headset is battery powered.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: cross-referencing the
first frequency range of the brain activity of the user with a
database associated with frequencies of brain states and
corresponding moods to determine the first mood or
cross-referencing the first electrical activity of the muscles near
the brain of the user with a database associated with electrical
activity of brain states and corresponding moods to determine the
first mood.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein comparing the first brain state
to the second brain state to determine whether the first brain
state corresponds to the second brain state, includes retrieving
the first frequency range associated with the first brain state and
retrieving a second frequency range associated with the second
brain state, and comparing the first frequency range to the second
frequency range.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein comparing the first brain state
to the second brain state to determine whether the first brain
state corresponds to the second brain state, includes retrieving
the first electrical activity associated with the first brain state
and retrieving a second electrical activity of muscles near the
brain of the user at rest and during contraction associated with
the second brain state, and comparing the first electrical activity
to the second electrical activity.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the display of the
media asset to the user further comprises: cross-referencing the
second brain state with a database, wherein the database includes a
plurality of previous brain states of the user and corresponding
categories of media assets that the user was consuming during each
of the previous brain states, and wherein in response to receiving
the second brain state, the database outputs a media asset category
corresponding to the previous brain state that matches the second
brain state; and selecting the media asset from the outputted media
asset category.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the first
brain state of the user in response to detecting a change in the
brain activity of the user while monitoring the brain activity of
the user.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second brain state is
selected based on a current time, a user input, a current activity,
or a preferred biorhythmic pattern associated with the user.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the preferred biorhythmic
pattern is a user-selected pattern of brain activity over a
user-selected portion of time.
11. A system of selecting media content in response to brain
activity of a user, the system comprising control circuitry
configured to: monitor the brain activity of the user, determine a
first brain state based on the brain activity, wherein the first
brain state corresponds to a first mood of the user; select a
second brain state, wherein the second brain state corresponds to a
second mood of the user; compare the first brain state to the
second brain state to determine whether the first brain state
corresponds to the second brain state; and in response to
determining the first brain state does not correspond to the second
brain state, generate a display of a media asset to the user,
wherein the media asset is associated with inducing the second
brain state.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry
configured to monitor the brain activity of the user is further
configured to receive data from an electroencephalogram unit
indicating a first frequency range of the brain activity of the
user or receive data from an electromyogram unit indicating first
electrical activity of muscles near a brain of the user at rest and
during contraction.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the electroencephalogram unit
or the electromyogram unit is incorporated into a mobile headset,
wherein the mobile headset is battery powered.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is
further configured to: cross-reference the first frequency range of
the brain activity of the user with a database associated with
frequencies of brain states and corresponding moods to determine
the first mood or cross-reference the first electrical activity of
the muscles near the brain of the user with a database associated
with electrical activity of brain states and corresponding moods to
determine the first mood.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry
configured to compare the first brain state to the second brain
state to determine whether the first brain state corresponds to the
second brain state is further configured to retrieve the first
frequency range associated with the first brain state and retrieve
a second frequency range associated with the second brain state,
and compare the first frequency range to the second frequency
range.
16. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry
configured to compare the first brain state to the second brain
state to determine whether the first brain state corresponds to the
second brain state is further configured to retrieve the first
electrical activity associated with the first brain state and
retrieve a second electrical activity of muscles near the brain of
the user at rest and during contraction associated with the second
brain state, and compare the first electrical activity to the
second electrical activity.
17. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry
configured to generate the display of the media asset to the user
is further configured to: cross-reference the second brain state
with a database, wherein the database includes a plurality of
previous brain states of the user and corresponding categories of
media assets that the user was consuming during each of the
previous brain states, and wherein in response to receiving the
second brain state, the database outputs a media asset category
corresponding to the previous brain state that matches the second
brain state; and select the media asset from the outputted media
asset category.
18. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is
further configured to determine the first brain state of the user
in response to detecting a change in the brain activity of the user
while monitoring the brain activity of the user.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein the second brain state is
selected based on a current time, a user input, a current activity,
or a preferred biorhythmic pattern associated with the user.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the preferred biorhythmic
pattern is a user-selected pattern of brain activity over a
user-selected portion of time.
21-40. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional
patent application No. 61/857,749, filed Jul. 24, 2013, which is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In conventional systems, consumers of media have a plethora
of content options available. For example, the rise in content
available via cable, satellite, on-demand, and/or Internet systems
provides users with ever increasing amounts of content options.
Moreover, as the types of devices on which users may access this
media changes, conventional methods (e.g., handheld remote
controls, touchscreen interfaces, etc.) may no longer meet all of
the users needs. For example, a small display screen (e.g., common
with many mobile devices), with spatial limits for the amount of
content that may be displayed, may reduce the efficiency at which a
user may search and access media.
SUMMARY
[0003] Accordingly, method and systems are disclosed herein for a
media guidance application configured to monitor brain activity in
order to navigate, recommend, provide access to, and perform
operations related to media content. By monitoring brain activity,
in contrast to relying on one or more convention user input types
(e.g., handheld remote controls, physical buttons, touchscreen
interfaces, etc.), a media guidance application as disclosed herein
may more intuitively and more efficiently meet the needs of a
user.
[0004] For example, as described herein a media guidance
application configured to monitor brain activity may perform
various functions, including, but not limited to, recommending
media assets that correspond to a mood of a user (or induce a
preferred mood), providing on-screen options that display or
provide access to operations without the need for a user to
interact with the options via conventional means, monitoring the
attentiveness of a user, compensating for unusual brain activity in
distinct areas of the brain, adjusting power levels in a user
device based on the brain activity of a user, and/or any
combinations thereof. Furthermore, the method and systems described
herein may be applied to a vast array of social and scientific
fields such as advertising, personal/commercial entertainment,
and/or medical therapy.
[0005] In some aspects, the media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may incorporate and/or have access to an electroencephalogram unit
("EEG") indicating a first frequency range of voltage fluctuations
in the brain activity of a user and/or an electromyogram unit
("EMG") indicating first electrical activity of muscles near a
brain of the user at rest and during contraction. For example, an
EMG may indicate (by detecting the electrical activity of muscles
associated with the blinking of the eyes of a user) that a user is
currently blinking his/her eyes. Furthermore, the EEG and/or the
EMG may be incorporated into a battery-powered mobile headset
(e.g., styled as traditional headphones, hats/helmets, glasses,
etc.) upon which the media guidance application is implemented
and/or in communication with. The media guidance may initiate
monitoring in response to a user input entered on the user device
(e.g., turning the user device on), in response to detecting a
change (or lack thereof) in brain activity, and/or based on a
predetermined schedule (e.g., when a user typically wakes up from
sleeping).
[0006] In some aspects, media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may manage power consumption of the user device based on brain
activity of a user. For example, the media guidance application may
operate in a plurality of modes each associated with a power
consumption and/or sensitivity level. In response to the user
request to monitor the brain activity of the user the media
guidance application may initiate a first mode, and in response to
detecting the brain activity of the user does not correspond to a
threshold range of brain activity, the media guidance application
may change from the first mode to the second mode and monitoring
the brain activity of the user with the user device in the second
mode.
[0007] For example, the media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may include a "sleep mode" (e.g., a lower powered/lower sensitivity
mode) that is initiated after prolong periods of similar brain
activity and/or repetitive brain activity cycles. For example, the
media guidance application may initiate the sleep mode in response
to determining that the brain activity of the user has dropped
below a first threshold range (e.g., associated with an awake
user). In another example, the media guidance application may
detect that the brain activity of the user exceeds a second
threshold range (e.g., associated with a sleeping user), and in
response, initiate an "active mode."
[0008] In some aspects, a media guidance application may monitor
the brain activity of a user and determine a first brain state of
the user based on the brain activity. The first brain state (e.g.,
the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations in the brain
and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain at rest and
during contraction) may correspond to a first mood of the user. The
media guidance application may also select a second brain state
(e.g., a preferred frequency range of voltage fluctuations in the
brain and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain at rest
and during contraction) that corresponds to a second mood of the
user. The media guidance application may compare the first brain
state to the second brain state to determine whether the two states
correspond (e.g., indicative of whether or not a user is currently
in a preferred mood). In response to determining the first brain
state does not correspond to the second brain state, the media
guidance application may generate a display of a media asset to the
user that is associated with inducing the second brain state.
[0009] For example, in response to determining that a user is not
in a preferred mood, the media guidance application may generate
for display one or more media assets associated with inducing a
particular mood. Additionally or alternatively, in response to
determining that the user is in a particular mood, the media
guidance application may match media assets to that particular
mood. To select a particular media asset, the media guidance
application may compare the data associated with the current brain
state of the user to a preferred, selected, and/or ideal brain
state of the user.
[0010] To determine a mood corresponding to a brain state, the
media guidance application may cross-reference data associated with
the brain state of the user (e.g., the first frequency range and/or
first electrical activity of the muscles near the brain) with a
database associated with data related to brain states and
corresponding moods. For example, based on the cross-reference, the
media guidance application may determine that the data associated
with the brain state of the user indicates that the user is happy,
scared, etc. The media guidance may then select a second brain
state (e.g., corresponding to a preferred mood, attentiveness
level, etc.) based on a current time, a user input, a current
activity, or a preferred biorhythmic pattern associated with the
user.
[0011] To select a media asset, the media guidance application may
cross-reference the second brain state with a database that
includes a plurality of previous brain states of the user (e.g.,
representing various moods, attentiveness levels, etc.) and
corresponding categories of media assets that the user was
consuming during each of the previous brain states. In response to
determining a media asset is of the category of media assets that
the user was consuming during a previous brain state corresponding
to the second brain state, the media guidance application generates
a display of the media asset to the user.
[0012] In some aspects, the media guidance application may provide
a user feedback associated with his/her brain activity. For
example, the media guidance application may generate audio/visual
cues related to a current brain state of the user and/or preferred
brain state (or progress towards a preferred brain state) of the
user. For example, the media guidance application may monitor the
brain activity of the user associated with a first brain state that
is associated with performing a first operation of the media
guidance application (e.g., navigating about, or accessing a menu
in, a media guide, selecting a media listing, performing a
fast-access playback operation, etc.). The media guidance
application may generate for display an icon on a display screen
that provides feedback to the user related to achieving the first
brain state, and in response to detecting a change in the brain
activity of the user, adjust the icon on the display screen to
reflect the change in the brain activity of the user.
[0013] The icon may include a graphical representation of the brain
activity associated with a brain state of the user (e.g., a graph
indicating a current attentiveness level associated with a user).
and a graphical representation indicating the user's progress
towards the first brain state (e.g., a graph indicting an
attentiveness level goal and a user's current progress towards that
goal). Additionally or alternatively, the icon may include textual
information (e.g., descriptions of media guidance applications that
may be performed and the brain states needed to trigger each
operation) and/or instructions (e.g., instructions on how to
achieve a particular brain state).
[0014] In some aspects, the media guidance application may perform
one or more media guidance applications and/or brain activity
operations in response to detecting particular brain activity
and/or determining a user has achieved a particular brain state.
For example, the media guidance application may detect an eye blink
pattern of a user (and/or the brain activity indicative of an eye
blink pattern). In response to detecting the eye blink pattern, the
media guidance application may monitor brain activity associated
with an attentiveness level of the user. The media guidance
application may then cross-reference the brain activity associated
with the attentiveness level of the user with a database associated
with attentiveness levels and corresponding brain activity to
determine the attentiveness level of the user. The media guidance
application may then compare the attentiveness level of the user to
a threshold attentiveness level, and in response to determining the
attentiveness level of the user does not correspond to the
threshold attentiveness level, the media guidance application may
perform an operation associated with a low attentiveness level of
the user.
[0015] For example, the media guidance application may in response
to detecting one or more eye blinks of a user, initiate brain
monitoring of the user. The media guidance application may then
determine whether or not the user is paying attention (e.g., to a
display device associated with the media guidance application). In
response to determining (e.g., based on comparing the brain
activity of the user to reference brain activity known to be
associated with a particular level of attention (either of the user
or of all users)) an attentiveness level of a user is below a
threshold amount, the media guidance application performs an
operation. The operation may be related to the attentiveness level
of the user (e.g., generating a display of a different media asset,
which may be of interest to the user).
[0016] Additionally, the media guidance application may continue to
perform the same or different operation until it detects a change
in the brain activity of the user (e.g., indicative of a subsequent
eye blink pattern and/or a change in attentiveness level of the
user). For example, in response to determining that the user is not
paying attention or has lost interest in a current media asset
(e.g., a song in a music playlist), the media guidance application
may present a different media asset (e.g., skip to a different song
in the music playlist).
[0017] In some aspects, the media guidance application may perform
a media guidance application operation in response to activity
detected in a particular region of the brain of a user. For
example, the media guidance application may monitor brain activity
of the user in a first region of the brain and determine a first
brain state associated with the first region based on the monitored
brain activity. The media guidance application may then
cross-reference the first region with a database associated with
functions performed by the user using regions of the brain to
determine at least one function the user is performing based on the
brain activity of the user in the first region of the brain. The
media guidance application may then compare the first brain state
to a threshold range for performing the at least one function, and
in response to determining the first brain state does not
correspond to the threshold range, performing a media guidance
operation associated with the at least one function.
[0018] For example, the media guidance application may detect a
state of the brain activity associated with the occipital lobe of
the user. In response to determining that the occipital lobe is
associated with the vision, the media guidance application may
compare the current brain state of the user to typical brain states
(e.g., of the user or all users) associated with viewing media
assets (e.g., represented by a threshold range). In response to
determining that the brain state of the user does not correspond to
the typical brain state (e.g., indicating that the user is having
difficulty seeing the media assets, the user is squinting, the
media asset is too bright, etc.), the media guidance application
may modify (e.g., increase the size of text on the display device,
reduce a brightness setting of the display device, etc.) the media
assets, display settings, etc. in order to align the brain state of
the user with the typical brain state.
[0019] In another example, the media guidance application may
detect a state of the brain activity associated with various
regions of the brain in order to perform a function. For example,
the media guidance application may detect a state of the brain
activity associated with the occipital lobe (e.g., associated with
vision) and the parietal lobe (e.g., associated with reading) of
the user. In response to determining that the brain state of the
brain activity associated with the occipital lobe (e.g., associated
with vision) and the parietal lobe (e.g., associated with reading)
of the user does not correspond to the typical brain state of a
user, while the temporal lobe (e.g., associated with hearing) does
correspond to the typical brain state of the user, the media
guidance application may modify the media assets, display settings,
etc. such that text or important events are communicated to the
user via verbal means (e.g., audio announcements).
[0020] In some aspects, the media guidance application may perform
media guidance application operations in response to changes in
brain activity of a user. For example, the media guidance
application may receive a user request to monitor the brain
activity of the user with a user device and monitor the brain
activity of the user. The media guidance application may then
compare the brain activity of the user to a threshold range of
brain activity, and in response to determining that the brain
activity of the user does not correspond to the threshold range
based on the comparison, instruct the user device to cease
monitoring the brain activity of the user.
[0021] Additionally, in response to determining that the brain
activity of the user does not correspond to the threshold range,
the media guidance application may perform a media guidance
application operation. For example, the media guidance application
may record and/or pause a media asset currently being presented on
a display device.
[0022] The media guidance application may also deactivate the user
device in response to determining that the brain activity of the
user does not correspond to the threshold range. For example, using
an EEG and/or the EMG incorporated in to mobile headset, the media
guidance application may determine that the brain activity of the
user indicates that the user is currently awake. The media guidance
application may monitor for a threshold range of brain activity
(e.g., corresponding to a predetermined frequency range and
amplitude) that indicates that the user has fallen asleep. In
response to detecting that the user has fallen asleep, the media
guidance application may power off the user device.
[0023] It should be noted, the systems, methods, apparatuses,
and/or aspects described above may be applied to, or used in
accordance with, other systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or
aspects.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The above and other objects and advantages of the disclosure
will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed
description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout,
and in which:
[0025] FIG. 1A shows an illustrative media guidance application for
selecting media assets in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 1B shows an illustrative media guidance application for
selecting media assets featuring an on-screen icon associated with
brain activity of a user in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 1C shows an illustrative media guidance application for
selecting media assets featuring an on-screen icon indicating a
user currently has a low attentiveness level in accordance with
some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 2 shows an illustrative media guidance application that
may be used to adjust user settings in accordance with some
embodiments of the disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an illustrative user equipment
device in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative media system in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 5 shows a representation of a user and regions of the
brain of the user associated with monitoring brain activity in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 6 shows multiple user devices that may be associated
with monitoring brain activity in accordance with some embodiments
of the disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 7 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
generating a media asset for display to a user, in which the media
asset is associated with inducing a particular brain state in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 8 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
selecting a media asset associated with inducing a particular brain
state in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 9 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
generating an icon associated with the brain activity of a user in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 10 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
updating an icon associated with the brain activity of a user in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 11 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved
performing an operation associated with a low attentiveness level
of the user in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 12 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
detecting and responding to various types of brain activity in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 13 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
monitoring particular regions of a brain for brain activity
associated with particular functions in accordance with some
embodiments of the disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 14 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
determining a function associated with particular brain activity in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 15 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
changing a user device from one mode to another based on brain
activity in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 16 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
determining when to change a user device from one mode to another
based on brain activity in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 17 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
halting the monitoring of brain activity in based on brain activity
of a user accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 18 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
performing a media guidance application operation based on brain
activity of a user in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosure; and
[0045] FIG. 19 is a table that shows a percent decrease in the
amplitudes of various frequency bands one minute after a user
closed his eyes and began resting.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0046] Method and systems are disclosed herein for a media guidance
application configured to monitor brain activity. As the amount of
content available to users in any given content delivery system can
be substantial, many users desire a form of media guidance through
an interface that allows users to efficiently navigate content
selections and easily identify content that they may desire. An
application that provides such guidance is referred to herein as an
interactive media guidance application or, sometimes, a media
guidance application or a guidance application.
[0047] Interactive media guidance applications may take various
forms depending on the content for which they provide guidance. One
typical type of media guidance application is an interactive
television program guide. Interactive television program guides
(sometimes referred to as electronic program guides) are well-known
guidance applications that, among other things, allow users to
navigate among and locate many types of content or media assets.
Interactive media guidance applications may generate graphical user
interface screens that enable a user to navigate among, locate and
select content. As referred to herein, the terms "media asset" and
"content" should be understood to mean an electronically consumable
user asset, such as television programming, as well as pay-per-view
programs, on-demand programs (as in video-on-demand (VOD) systems),
Internet content (e.g., streaming content, downloadable content,
Webcasts, etc.), video clips, audio, content information, pictures,
rotating images, documents, playlists, websites, articles, books,
electronic books, blogs, advertisements, chat sessions, social
media, applications, games, and/or any other media or multimedia
and/or combination of the same. Guidance applications also allow
users to navigate among and locate content. As referred to herein,
the term "multimedia" should be understood to mean content that
utilizes at least two different content forms described above, for
example, text, audio, images, video, or interactivity content
forms. Content may be recorded, played, displayed or accessed by
user equipment devices, but can also be part of a live
performance.
[0048] With the advent of the Internet, mobile computing, and
high-speed wireless networks, users are accessing media on user
equipment devices which they traditionally did not use. As referred
to herein, the phrase "user equipment device," "user equipment,"
"user device," "electronic device," "electronic equipment," "media
equipment device," or "media device" should be understood to mean
any device for accessing the content described above, such as a
television, a Smart TV, a set-top box, an integrated receiver
decoder (IRD) for handling satellite television, a digital storage
device, a digital media receiver (DMR), a digital media adapter
(DMA), a streaming media device, a DVD player, a DVD recorder, a
connected DVD, a local media server, a BLU-RAY player, a BLU-RAY
recorder, a personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, a tablet
computer, a WebTV box, a personal computer television (PC/TV), a PC
media server, a PC media center, a hand-held computer, a stationary
telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone,
a portable video player, a portable music player, a portable gaming
machine, a smart phone, or any other television equipment,
computing equipment, or wireless device, and/or combination of the
same. In some embodiments, the user equipment device may have a
front facing screen and a rear facing screen, multiple front
screens, or multiple angled screens. In some embodiments, the user
equipment device may have a front facing camera and/or a rear
facing camera. On these user equipment devices, users may be able
to navigate among and locate the same content available through a
television. Consequently, media guidance may be available on these
devices, as well. The guidance provided may be for content
available only through a television, for content available only
through one or more of other types of user equipment devices, or
for content available both through a television and one or more of
the other types of user equipment devices. The media guidance
applications may be provided as on-line applications (i.e.,
provided on a web-site), or as stand-alone applications or clients
on user equipment devices. Various devices and platforms that may
implement media guidance applications are described in more detail
below.
[0049] In some embodiments, a user device may be configured to
monitor brain activity upon which various media guidance
application operations and features may be based. For example,
based on brain activity information, the media guidance application
may recommend media assets that correspond to a mood of a user or
are likely to induce a preferred mood of the user, provide
on-screen feedback about current brain activity of the user, adjust
media assets and/or media guides in order to compensate for unusual
brain activity in distinct areas of the brain, adjust power levels
in the user device, and/or any combinations thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments, the user device may incorporate and/or
have access to an electroencephalogram unit ("EEG"). An EEG
measures electrical activity associated with a brain of a user. For
example, an EEG may measure voltage fluctuations and/or the
frequency or frequency range of voltage fluctuations generated by
the brain of a user.
[0051] For example, an EEG may describe rhythmic brain activity.
Rhythmic activity (e.g., activity associated with neural
oscillation) also known as brain waves may be described in terms of
frequency bands or frequency ranges. For example, a delta band
includes a frequency range of up to about 4 Hz with a typical
amplitude of 20-200 microvolts. Delta bands are, in some
circumstances, associated with a sleeping state of a user. Theta
bands include a frequency range of 4 to 8 Hz with a typical
amplitude of 10 microvolts. Theta bands are, in some circumstances,
associated with drowsiness. Alpha bands include a frequency range
of 8 to 13 Hz with a typical amplitude of 20-200 microvolts. Alpha
bands are, in some circumstances, associated with a relaxed state
and/or the blinking of a user's eyes. Beta bands include
frequencies of 13 to 30 Hz with a typical amplitude of 5-10
microvolts. Beta bands are, in some circumstances, associated with
alertness, concentration, and/or anxiety. Gamma bands include a
frequency range of 30 to 100 Hz and may have various amplitudes.
Gamma bands are, in some circumstances, associated with
combinations of senses of a user (e.g., sight, smell, sound, touch,
taste) and/or short term memory. Frequency bands and frequency
ranges as well as the symmetry of these bands and ranges across the
brain of a user are also associated with various moods, which is
discussed in detail in Rybak, "Frontal Alpha Power Asymmetry in
Aggressive Children and Adolescents With Mood and Disruptive
Behavior Disorders," Clinical EEL and Neuroscience, Vol. 3, 2006,
which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
[0052] Additional discussion about the use of EEG's to detect a
level of attention, engagement, frustration, anxiety, emotional
state, and comprehension are discussed in detail in Wyczesany,
Miroslaw et al., "Subjective mood estimation co-varies with
spectral power EEG characteristics," Department of
Psychophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, Acta
Neurobiol Exp, 68: 180-192, 2008, Tan, Bao Hong, "Using a Low-cost
EEG Sensor to Detect Mental States, CMU-CS-12-134, School of
Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, August 2012,
Hamadicharef et al., "Learning EEG-based Spectral-Spatial Patterns
for Attention Level Measurement," Institute for Infocomm Research,
2009, Bos, Danny Oude, "EEG-based Emotion Recognition, The
Influence of Visual and Auditory Stimuli," Department of Computer
Science, University of Twente, 2006, and Pradeep et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 8,392,250, issued Mar. 5, 2013, which are hereby incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety.
[0053] In some embodiments, the user device incorporates and/or has
access to an electromyogram unit ("EMG"). An EMG measures the
electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction. The
use of EMG and EEG for providing biofeedback is discussed in detail
in Frank et al., "Biofeedback in medicine: who, when, why and how?"
Ment. Health Fam. Med., June 2010, and Wartena et al., U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. 2012/0029322, filed Mar. 24, 2010,
which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
In some embodiments, the user device may include additional
components for detecting brain activity, moods, and attentiveness
of a user as discussed in detail in Lee et al., U.S. Pat. No.
8,332,883, issued Dec. 11, 2012, and Bill, U.S. Pat. No. 8,373,768,
issued Feb. 12, 2013, which are hereby incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety.
[0054] In some embodiments, a user device may also distinguish
between the different areas of the brain and the different
functions of each area of the brain. For example, the frontal lobes
are typically associated with planning, problem-solving, voluntary
motor control, cognition, intelligence, attention, language
processing and comprehension, and various emotions. The parietal
lobe is typically associated with perception and integration of
somatosensory information (e.g., touch, pressure, temperature, and
pain) visuospatial processing, spatial attention, spatial mapping,
and number representation. The occipital lobe is typically
associated with vision, including color, orientation, and motion.
The temporal lobe is typically associated with recognition,
perception, hearing, smell, and memory. The regions and functions
of the brain, in particular their effect on attention and emotion
are discussed in detail in Yamasaki et al., "Dissociable prefrontal
brain systems for attention and emotion," PNAS, vol. 99, no. 17,
2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
[0055] In some embodiments, a user device may be configured as a
headset. As used herein a "headset" refers to any device or article
worn or affixed to a user for monitoring brain activity. For
example, a user device for monitoring brain activity may be
fashioned as a pair of headphones, a hat, a helmet, a pair of
glasses, and/or other configuration for use by a user. In some
embodiments, a headset may be powered by a local energy storage
device (e.g., a battery). For example, in some embodiments, a
headset may be rechargeable and/or include replaceable energy
storage devices.
[0056] The media guidance application (or a user device upon which
the media guidance application is implemented) may manage power
consumption of the user device based on brain activity of a user.
For example, the media guidance application may operate in a
plurality of modes each associated with a power consumption and/or
sensitivity level. For example, the media guidance application (or
the user device upon which the media guidance application is
implemented) may trigger various modes on the user device based on
a change (or lack of change during a period of time) in brain
activity (e.g., a brain state, frequency range, etc.).
[0057] Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance
application (or the user device upon which the media guidance
application is implemented) may trigger various modes on the user
device for detecting brain activity based on the particular media
guidance operation being performed (or not being performed). For
example, the media guidance application may determine that a
particular mode (e.g., with a particular power consumption level
and/or sensitivity level) corresponds to determining a mood or a
user, whereas a different mode corresponds to determining an
attentiveness level of a user.
[0058] For example, in response to a user request to perform media
guidance operations (e.g., schedule a recording) based on monitored
brain activity, the media guidance application may initiate a first
mode, and, in response to receiving a user request, to perform a
different media guidance operation (e.g., recommend a media listing
based on a mood of the user), the media guidance application may
initiate a second mode. Furthermore, the media guidance application
may automatically adjust the various modes initiated and/or switch
from one mode to another. For example, in response to detecting the
brain activity of the user does not correspond to a threshold range
of brain activity (e.g., associated with actively performing media
guidance application operations), the media guidance application
may change from a first mode to the second mode (e.g., associated
with non-actively performing media guidance applications). This
"sleep" or "stand-by" mode may feature reduce power consumption
levels and/or sensitivity levels, which may be beneficial in
conserving energy consumption as well as reducing a user's exposure
to the techniques used to monitor the brain activity.
[0059] For example, the media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may include a "sleep mode" (e.g., a lower powered/lower sensitivity
mode) that is initiated after prolonged periods of similar brain
activity and/or repetitive brain activity cycles (e.g., indicating
that the user is sleeping, engaged in a repetitive activity, and/or
does not currently need to perform any media guidance application
operations. For example, the media guidance application may
initiate the sleep mode in response to determining that the brain
activity of the user has dropped below a first threshold range
(e.g., associated with an awake user). In another example, the
media guidance application may detect that the brain activity of
the user exceeds a second threshold range (e.g., associated with a
sleeping user), and in response, initiate an "active mode."
[0060] In some embodiments, a media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may detect and/or monitor brain activity of a user. In some
embodiments, the media guidance application may determine whether
or not the brain activity of a user corresponds to a threshold
range. As referred to herein, a "threshold range" refers to a
frequency range and/or amplitude of brain activity that defines the
boundaries of a brain state. For example, a threshold range may be
defined as a particular frequency range (in Hz) associated with a
brain state of a user, may be defined as frequency bands associated
with a brain state of a user, and/or may be defined according to
any other measurement that describes the current, preferred, past,
and/or future brain state of a user. In some embodiments, a
threshold range may account for any transient variations and
amplitudes in brain state. For example, a threshold range may be
defined as an average amplitude, frequency, frequency range, and/or
frequency band over a particular period of time. In addition, a
threshold range may refer to a composite range that includes one or
more amplitudes and/or frequencies associated with one or more
waves. For example, in some embodiments, a particular brain state
may correspond to brain activity corresponding to theta bands with
a first amplitude and delta bands at a second amplitude.
[0061] It should also be noted that in some embodiments, a
threshold range may itself include one or more threshold ranges.
For example, a threshold range associated with one brain state
(e.g., a user being awake) may itself include numerous other
threshold ranges (e.g., a mood of the user, an attentiveness level
of the user, etc.).
[0062] As referred to herein, a "brain state" refers to a
qualitative assessment of the mood, level of anxiety, level of
attentiveness, level of comprehension, level of proficiency
associated with one or more functions (e.g., reading text on a
screen, hearing audio, etc.) of a user, and/or a combination
thereof associated with the brain activity of the user. A brain
state can be quantified as corresponding to a particular threshold
range, and different brain states may be compared based on their
corresponding threshold ranges.
[0063] Brain states may be identified by a user device (e.g., upon
which a media guidance application is implemented) that
incorporates and/or have access to a device for monitoring brain
waves (e.g., an EEG, EMG, and/or any other device discussed
herein). The media guidance application may monitor the brain
activity (e.g., brain waves) of a user and determine a first brain
state of the user based on the brain activity. The first brain
state (e.g., the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations in
the brain, electrical activity of muscles near the brain at rest
and during contraction, and/or threshold range) may correspond to a
first mood of the user. The media guidance application may also
select a second brain state (e.g., a preferred frequency range of
voltage fluctuations in the brain, electrical activity of muscles
near the brain at rest and during contraction, and/or threshold
range) that corresponds to a second mood of the user. The media
guidance application may compare the first brain state to the
second brain state (e.g., compare the frequency range of voltage
fluctuations in the brain, electrical activity of muscles near the
brain at rest and during contraction, and/or threshold range
associated with the first state to the frequency range of voltage
fluctuations in the brain, electrical activity of muscles near the
brain at rest and during contraction, and/or threshold range
associated with the second state) to determine whether two states
corresponds (e.g., indicate the same frequency range of voltage
fluctuations in the brain, electrical activity of muscles near the
brain at rest and during contraction, and/or threshold range). In
response to determining the first brain state does not corresponds
to the second brain state, the media guidance application may
generate a display of a media asset to the user that is associated
with inducing the second brain state.
[0064] For example, in response to determining that a user is not
in a preferred mood, the media guidance application may generate
for display one or more media assets associated with inducing a
particular mood. Additionally or alternatively, in response to
determining that the user is in a particular mood, the media
guidance application may match media assets to that particular
mood. To select a particular media asset, the media guidance
application may compare the data associated with the current brain
state of the user to a preferred, selected, and/or ideal brain
state of the user.
[0065] To determine a mood corresponding to a brain state, the
media guidance application may cross-reference data associated with
the brain state of the user (e.g., a frequency range, an electrical
activity of the muscles near the brain, and/or a threshold range)
with a database associated with data related to brain states and
corresponding moods. For example, based on the cross-reference, the
media guidance application may determine that the data associated
with the brain state of the user indicates that the user is
confused, nervous, etc. The media guidance may then select a new
brain state (e.g., corresponding to a preferred mood, attentiveness
level, etc.) based on a current time, a user input, a current
activity, or a preferred biorhythmic pattern associated with the
user.
[0066] For example, the media guidance application may receive
instructions from the user indicating that the user wishes to be in
a particular mood (e.g., happy) every evening at six o'clock PM. In
response, the media guidance application may ensure the user is
happy at that time by generating a display of a media asset that is
associated with happiness of the user at six o'clock PM. In another
example, the media guidance application may receive instructions
from the user indicating that the user wishes to follow a
particular schedule for his/her biorhythmic activity (e.g., the
user wishes to maintain a therapeutic gradual increase and decrease
in brain activity, frequency bands, etc.) In response, the media
guidance ensures the brain activity of the user corresponds to the
schedule, and if not, generates a display of a media asset (e.g., a
movie that corresponds to the current brain activity of the
schedule, a display of textual instructions such as "Calm Down,"
"Relax," "Breath Deeply," "Concentrate," associated with
maintaining the schedule).
[0067] To select a media asset for display, the media guidance
application may cross-reference a preferred brain state with a
database that includes a plurality of previous brain states of the
user (e.g., representing various moods, attentiveness levels, etc.)
and corresponding categories of media assets that the user was
consuming during each of the previous brain states. In response to
determining a media asset is of the category of media assets that
the user was consuming during a previous brain state corresponding
to the second brain state, the media guidance application selects
the media asset for display to the user.
[0068] The media guidance application may also calibrate and/or
perform a training/set-up mode. For example, the media guidance
application may receive information from the user, in which the
user describes and/or rates current brain states of the user. For
example, during calibration, the media guidance application may
detect a brain state and ask the user to describe the brain (e.g.,
designate the state as associated with a particular mood). The
current brain state of the user (e.g., the current threshold range)
will then be designated as corresponding to the particular mood.
Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance application may
receive instructions designating a particular brain state as
corresponding to a particular mood. For example, the media guidance
application may retrieve/receive instructions that indicate that a
threshold range of 8 to 10 Hz indicates that the particular user is
in a happy mood. Additionally, the media guidance application may
retrieve/receive instructions that indicate that a threshold range
of 10 to 13 Hz indicates that the particular user is in a sad mood.
In another example, if the average amplitude of a threshold range
is 50 microvolts and an average frequency range is 7 Hz, the media
guidance application may determine that the threshold range
indicates that a user is currently anxious.
[0069] The media guidance application may also offer training
opportunities. For example, the media guidance application may
generate for display media assets in sequence in order to sway or
induce a user into a particular brain state. The media guidance
application may also offer tips or instructions for achieving a
particular brain state. For example, the media guidance application
may generate on-screen instructions for achieving and/or
maintaining particular brain states (e.g., moods, attentiveness
levels, etc.).
[0070] The media guidance application may perform numerous
operations for the user. As referred to herein, a "media guidance
application operation" refers to any operation corresponding to
providing, receiving, and generating media guidance data for
consumption by a user. For example, media guidance application
operations include displaying media guidance data, providing
options to navigate, select, and edit media guidance data or
content (e.g., a media asset) associated with media guidance data,
and/or manipulating a device used to access (e.g., a display
device), retrieve (e.g., a server), and/or associate media guidance
data with a user (e.g., a user device for monitoring brain
activity). One of the operations of the media guidance application
is to provide media guidance data to users. As referred to herein,
the phrase, "media guidance data" or "guidance data" should be
understood to mean any data related to content, such as media
listings, media-related information (e.g., broadcast times,
broadcast channels, titles, descriptions, ratings information
(e.g., parental control ratings, critic's ratings, etc.), genre or
category information, actor information, logo data for
broadcasters' or providers' logos, etc.), media format (e.g.,
standard definition, high definition, 3D, etc.), advertisement
information (e.g., text, images, media clips, etc.), on-demand
information, blogs, websites, and any other type of guidance data
that is helpful for a user to navigate among and locate desired
content selections.
[0071] Other operations of a media guidance application are to play
media assets and provide fast access playback operations for those
media assets. As referred to herein, the phrase "fast-access
playback operations" should be understood to mean any operation
that pertains to playing back a non-linear media asset faster than
normal playback speed or in a different order than the media asset
is designed to be played, such as a fast-forward, rewind, skip,
chapter selection, segment selection, skip segment, jump segment,
next segment, previous segment, skip advertisement or commercial,
next chapter, previous chapter or any other operation that does not
play back the media asset at normal playback speed. The fast-access
playback operation may be any playback operation that is not
"play," where the play operation plays back the media asset at
normal playback speed.
[0072] FIGS. 1A-C and 2 show illustrative display screens that may
be used to provide media guidance data. The display screens shown
in FIGS. 1A-C and 2 may be implemented on any suitable user
equipment device or platform. While the displays of FIGS. 1A-C and
2 are illustrated as full screen displays, they may also be fully
or partially overlaid over content being displayed. A user may
indicate a desire to access content information by selecting a
selectable option provided in a display screen (e.g., a menu
option, a listings option, an icon, a hyperlink, etc.) or pressing
a dedicated button (e.g., a GUIDE button) on a remote control or
other user input interface or device. In response to the user's
indication, the media guidance application may provide a display
screen with media guidance data organized in one of several ways,
such as by time and channel in a grid, by time, by channel, by
source, by content type, by category (e.g., movies, sports, news,
children, or other categories of programming), or other predefined,
user-defined, or other organization criteria. The organization of
the media guidance data is determined by guidance application data.
As referred to herein, the phrase, "guidance application data"
should be understood to mean data used in operating the guidance
application, such as program information, guidance application
settings, user preferences, or user profile information.
[0073] FIG. 1A shows illustrative grid program listings display 100
arranged by time and channel that also enables access to different
types of content in a single display. Display 100 may include grid
102 with: (1) a column of channel/content type identifiers 104,
where each channel/content type identifier (which is a cell in the
column) identifies a different channel or content type available;
and (2) a row of time identifiers 106, where each time identifier
(which is a cell in the row) identifies a time block of
programming. Grid 102 also includes cells of program listings, such
as program listing 108, where each listing provides the title of
the program provided on the listing's associated channel and time.
With a user input device, a user can select program listings by
moving highlight region 110. Information relating to the program
listing selected by highlight region 110 may be provided in program
information region 112. Region 112 may include, for example, the
program title, the program description, the time the program is
provided (if applicable), the channel the program is on (if
applicable), the program's rating, and other desired
information.
[0074] In addition to providing access to linear programming (e.g.,
content that is scheduled to be transmitted to a plurality of user
equipment devices at a predetermined time and is provided according
to a schedule), the media guidance application also provides access
to non-linear programming (e.g., content accessible to a user
equipment device at any time and is not provided according to a
schedule). Non-linear programming may include content from
different content sources including on-demand content (e.g., VOD),
Internet content (e.g., streaming media, downloadable media, etc.),
locally stored content (e.g., content stored on any user equipment
device described above or other storage device), or other
time-independent content. On-demand content may include movies or
any other content provided by a particular content provider (e.g.,
HBO On Demand providing "The Sopranos" and "Curb Your Enthusiasm").
HBO ON DEMAND is a service mark owned by Time Warner Company L. P.
et al. and THE SOPRANOS and CURB YOUR ENTHUSIASM are trademarks
owned by the Home Box Office, Inc. Internet content may include web
events, such as a chat session or Webcast, or content available
on-demand as streaming content or downloadable content through an
Internet web site or other Internet access (e.g. FTP).
[0075] Grid 102 may provide media guidance data for non-linear
programming including on-demand listing 114, recorded content
listing 116, and Internet content listing 118. A display combining
media guidance data for content from different types of content
sources is sometimes referred to as a "mixed-media" display.
Various permutations of the types of media guidance data that may
be displayed that are different than display 100 may be based on
user selection or guidance application definition (e.g., a display
of only recorded and broadcast listings, only on-demand and
broadcast listings, etc.). As illustrated, listings 114, 116, and
118 are shown as spanning the entire time block displayed in grid
102 to indicate that selection of these listings may provide access
to a display dedicated to on-demand listings, recorded listings, or
Internet listings, respectively. In some embodiments, listings for
these content types may be included directly in grid 102.
Additional media guidance data may be displayed in response to the
user selecting one of the navigational icons 120. (Pressing an
arrow key on a user input device may affect the display in a
similar manner as selecting navigational icons 120.)
[0076] Display 100 may also include video region 122, advertisement
124, and options region 126. Video region 122 may allow the user to
view and/or preview programs that are currently available, will be
available, or were available to the user. The content of video
region 122 may correspond to, or be independent from, one of the
listings displayed in grid 102. Grid displays including a video
region are sometimes referred to as picture-in-guide (PIG)
displays. PIG displays and their functionalities are described in
greater detail in Satterfield et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,564,378,
issued May 13, 2003 and Yuen et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,239,794, issued
May 29, 2001, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in
their entireties. PIG displays may be included in other media
guidance application display screens of the embodiments described
herein.
[0077] Advertisement 124 may provide an advertisement for content
that, depending on a viewer's access rights (e.g., for subscription
programming), is currently available for viewing, will be available
for viewing in the future, or may never become available for
viewing, and may correspond to or be unrelated to one or more of
the content listings in grid 102. Advertisement 124 may also be for
products or services related or unrelated to the content displayed
in grid 102. Advertisement 124 may be selectable and provide
further information about content, provide information about a
product or a service, enable purchasing of content, a product, or a
service, provide content relating to the advertisement, etc.
Advertisement 124 may be targeted based on a user's
profile/preferences, monitored user activity, the type of display
provided, or on other suitable targeted advertisement bases.
[0078] While advertisement 124 is shown as rectangular or banner
shaped, advertisements may be provided in any suitable size, shape,
and location in a guidance application display. For example,
advertisement 124 may be provided as a rectangular shape that is
horizontally adjacent to grid 102. This is sometimes referred to as
a panel advertisement. In addition, advertisements may be overlaid
over content or a guidance application display or embedded within a
display. Advertisements may also include text, images, rotating
images, video clips, or other types of content described above.
Advertisements may be stored in a user equipment device having a
guidance application, in a database connected to the user
equipment, in a remote location (including streaming media
servers), or on other storage means, or a combination of these
locations. Providing advertisements in a media guidance application
is discussed in greater detail in, for example, Knudson et al.,
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0110499, filed Jan.
17, 2003; Ward, III et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,756,997, issued Jun. 29,
2004; and Schein et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,388,714, issued May 14,
2002, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entireties. It will be appreciated that advertisements may be
included in other media guidance application display screens of the
embodiments described herein.
[0079] Options region 126 may allow the user to access different
types of content, media guidance application displays, and/or media
guidance application features. Options region 126 may be part of
display 100 (and other display screens described herein), or may be
invoked by a user by selecting an on-screen option or pressing a
dedicated or assignable button on a user input device. The
selectable options within options region 126 may concern features
related to program listings in grid 102 or may include options
available from a main menu display. Features related to program
listings may include searching for other air times or ways of
receiving a program, recording a program, enabling series recording
of a program, setting program and/or channel as a favorite,
purchasing a program, or other features. Options available from a
main menu display may include search options, VOD options, parental
control options, Internet options, cloud-based options, device
synchronization options, second screen device options, options to
access various types of media guidance data displays, options to
subscribe to a premium service, options to edit a user's profile,
options to access a browse overlay, or other options.
[0080] The media guidance application may be personalized based on
a user's preferences. A personalized media guidance application
allows a user to customize displays and features to create a
personalized "experience" with the media guidance application. This
personalized experience may be created by allowing a user to input
these customizations and/or by the media guidance application
monitoring user activity to determine various user preferences.
Users may access their personalized guidance application by logging
in or otherwise identifying themselves to the guidance application.
Customization of the media guidance application may be made in
accordance with a user profile. The customizations may include
varying presentation schemes (e.g., color scheme of displays, font
size of text, etc.), aspects of content listings displayed (e.g.,
only HDTV or only 3D programming, user-specified broadcast channels
based on favorite channel selections, re-ordering the display of
channels, recommended content, etc.), desired recording features
(e.g., recording or series recordings for particular users,
recording quality, etc.), parental control settings, customized
presentation of Internet content (e.g., presentation of social
media content, e-mail, electronically delivered articles, etc.) and
other desired customizations.
[0081] The media guidance application may allow a user to provide
user profile information or may automatically compile user profile
information. The media guidance application may, for example,
monitor the content the user accesses and/or other interactions the
user may have with the guidance application. Additionally, the
media guidance application may obtain all or part of other user
profiles that are related to a particular user (e.g., from other
web sites on the Internet the user accesses, such as
www.allrovi.com, from other media guidance applications the user
accesses, from other interactive applications the user accesses,
from another user equipment device of the user, etc.), and/or
obtain information about the user from other sources that the media
guidance application may access. As a result, a user can be
provided with a unified guidance application experience across the
user's different user equipment devices. This type of user
experience is described in greater detail below in connection with
FIG. 4. Additional personalized media guidance application features
are described in greater detail in Ellis et al., U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. 2005/0251827, filed Jul. 11, 2005,
Boyer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,165,098, issued Jan. 16, 2007, and
Ellis et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0174430,
filed Feb. 21, 2002, which are hereby incorporated by reference
herein in their entireties.
[0082] FIG. 1B shows an illustrative media guidance application for
selecting media assets featuring an on-screen icon associated with
brain activity of a user. For example, in some embodiments, the
media guidance application may generate a display of an on-screen
icon that provides feedback to a user regarding the user's current
brain activity.
[0083] For example, in order to provide a user with guidance
related to performing media guidance application operations using
their brain waves, the media guidance application may provide a
user feedback associated with his/her brain activity. For example,
the media guidance application may generate audio/visual cues
related to a current brain state of the user and/or preferred brain
state (or progress towards a preferred brain state) of the user.
For example, the media guidance application may monitor the brain
activity of the user associated with a first brain state that is
associated with performing a first operation of the media guidance
application (e.g., navigating about, or accessing a menu in, a
media guide, selecting a media listing, performing a fast-access
playback operation, etc.). The media guidance application may
generate for display an icon on a display screen that provides
feedback to the user related to achieving the first brain state,
and in response to detecting a change in the brain activity of the
user, the media guidance application may adjust the icon on the
display screen to reflect the change in the brain activity of the
user.
[0084] The icon may include a graphical representation of the brain
activity associated with a brain state of the user (e.g., a graph
indicating a current attentiveness level associated with a user).
and a graphical representation indicating the user's progress
towards the first brain state (e.g., a graph indicting an
attentiveness level goal and a user's current progress towards that
goal). Additionally or alternatively, the icon may include textual
information (e.g., descriptions of media guidance applications that
may be performed and the brain states needed to trigger each
operation) and/or instructions (e.g., instructions on how to
achieve a particular brain state). Additionally or alternatively,
the icon may include audio information (e.g., sound effects, verbal
instructions, etc.).
[0085] In FIG. 1B, the media guidance application has currently
generated a display of icon 134 on display 130. Icon 134 has
several graphical representations. For example, icon 134 includes
graphical representation 132 of an "Attention Meter," which
indicates a current attentiveness level of the user. The "Attention
Meter" appears as a thermometer, which when full (e.g.,
representing a particular threshold level of attentiveness) may
trigger a particular media guidance application operation.
[0086] As used herein, a "threshold attentiveness level" refers to
a particular attentiveness level required for the media guidance
application to perform an operation. For example, in response to
detecting that the current attentiveness level of a user exceeds
the threshold attentiveness level, the media guidance application
may perform a particular media guidance application operation
(e.g., generated a display of a currently highlighted program).
[0087] The use of a graphical and/or animated representation in
icon 134 provides an intuitive system through which to provide
feedback to a user regarding the brain activity of the user.
Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance application may
generate other graphical representation in the form of any element
that conveys a particular message to a user (e.g., whether a graph,
video clip, inspiration message, etc.).
[0088] Icon 134 also includes several graphical representations
that are textual elements. The graphical representations may serve
multiple purposes. For example, while an animated meter may provide
a user with his/her current progress related to performing one or
more media guidance application operations, textual elements may
provide a user instructions for performing a media guidance
application operations (e.g., what brain state is needed to trigger
the media guidance application operation) and/or indications of
what media guidance application operations are available. For
example, icon 134 includes a textual element 136 of "Concentrate!"
that indicates to a user that the user needs to concentrate (e.g.,
increase his/her attentiveness level) to perform a particular media
guidance application operation.
[0089] In addition, icon 134 includes textual element 138, which
indicates to the user a particular media guidance application
operation that is available. Textual element 138 states, "Focus on
Selecting `The Simpsons`". For example, the media guidance
application may respond to detecting a threshold attentiveness
level of the user by selecting a currently highlighted object
(e.g., program listing 108); therefore, the media guidance
application may provide textual element 138 to inform the user of
the result of his/her attentiveness level.
[0090] In some embodiments, icon 134 may also indicate media
guidance application operations that may occur in response to not
detecting a particular brain state. For example, if the user does
not achieve a brain state corresponding to a level of attentiveness
that exceeds a threshold attentiveness level, the media guidance
application may automatically perform a particular media guidance
application operation.
[0091] For example, FIG. 1C shows an illustrative media guidance
application for selecting media assets featuring an on-screen icon
indicating a user currently has a low attentiveness level. In FIG.
1C, a user did not achieve a threshold attentiveness level (e.g.,
in a particular time period), and in response, the media guidance
application has automatically, without user input, performed a
browse operation (e.g., the browse operation may include scrolling
from one program listing to another program listing in a media
guide, scrolling from one time/date to a different time/date,
etc.). As shown in display 150, the media guidance application has
initiated a browse operation and program listing 152 is now
highlighted.
[0092] In display 150, icon 134 now includes new graphical
representations that correspond to the media guidance application
operation currently being performed. For example, the media
guidance applications has now generated a display of icon 134 which
includes textual element 140 that instructs a user to "Blink eyes
to stop browsing!!" Consequently, in some embodiments, in response
to detecting brain activity associated with a user blinking his/her
eyes, the media guidance application may halt the browse operation
(e.g., the media guidance application may stop scrolling through
media listings and remain on a single media listing).
[0093] Another display arrangement for providing media guidance is
shown in FIG. 2. Video mosaic display 200 includes selectable
options 202 for content information organized based on content
type, genre, and/or other organization criteria. In display 200,
selectable option 204 is selected, thus initiating brain monitoring
of a user. In some embodiments, selecting selectable option 204 may
switch a user device configured to monitor the brain activity of a
user from a first mode (e.g., a "sleep mode") to a second mode
(e.g., an "active mode").
[0094] In response to selectable option 204 being selected, the
media guidance application has also generated a display of icon
218, which instructs a user regarding the monitoring of brain
activity. For example, icon 218 instructs a user to blink his/her
eyes in order to scroll the different media guidance application
operations that are available. For example, the media guidance
application may scroll all available media guidance application
operations, select a particular operation to monitor for, etc.
based on receiving a corresponding eye blink pattern from a
user.
[0095] As used herein, an "eye blink pattern" refers to a
combination of blinks of a user and pauses before or after a blink
that causes the media guidance application to perform an action.
For example, the media guidance application may be configured to
respond to particular eye blink patterns, which may be detected
while monitoring brain activity. For example, the media guidance
application may monitor alpha bands (e.g., typically associated
with eye blinking) in the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia
(e.g., the area of the brain typically associated with controlling
eye blinking) of a user in order to detect an eye blink pattern. It
should be noted that in some embodiments, an eye blink pattern may
include only a single blink.
[0096] In display 200 listings may provide graphical images
including cover art, still images from the content, video clip
previews, live video from the content, or other types of content
that indicate to a user the content being described by the media
guidance data in the listing. Each of the graphical listings may
also be accompanied by text to provide further information about
the content associated with the listing. For example, listings 208,
210, and 212 may include more than one portion, including media
portion 214 and text portion 216. Media portion 214 and/or text
portion 216 may be selectable to view content in full-screen or to
view information related to the content displayed in media portion
214 (e.g., to view listings for the channel that the video is
displayed on).
[0097] The listings in display 200 are of different sizes (i.e.,
listing 206 is larger than listings 208, 210, and 212), but if
desired, all the listings may be the same size. Listings may be of
different sizes or graphically accentuated to indicate degrees of
interest to the user or to emphasize certain content, as desired by
the content provider or based on user preferences. Various systems
and methods for graphically accentuating content listings are
discussed in, for example, Yates, U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2010/0153885, filed Dec. 29, 2005, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0098] Users may access content and the media guidance application
(and its display screens described above and below) from one or
more of their user equipment devices. FIG. 3 shows a generalized
embodiment of illustrative user equipment device 300. More specific
implementations of user equipment devices are discussed below in
connection with FIG. 4. User equipment device 300 may receive
content and data via input/output (hereinafter "I/O") path 302. I/O
path 302 may provide content (e.g., broadcast programming,
on-demand programming, Internet content, content available over a
local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), and/or other
content) and data to control circuitry 304, which includes
processing circuitry 306 and storage 308. Control circuitry 304 may
be used to send and receive commands, requests, and other suitable
data using I/O path 302. I/O path 302 may connect control circuitry
304 (and specifically processing circuitry 306) to one or more
communications paths (described below). I/O functions may be
provided by one or more of these communications paths, but are
shown as a single path in FIG. 3 to avoid overcomplicating the
drawing.
[0099] Control circuitry 304 may be based on any suitable
processing circuitry such as processing circuitry 306. As referred
to herein, processing circuitry should be understood to mean
circuitry based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers,
digital signal processors, programmable logic devices,
field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., and may include a multi-core
processor (e.g., dual-core, quad-core, hexa-core, or any suitable
number of cores) or supercomputer. In some embodiments, processing
circuitry may be distributed across multiple separate processors or
processing units, for example, multiple of the same type of
processing units (e.g., two Intel Core i7 processors) or multiple
different processors (e.g., an Intel Core i5 processor and an Intel
Core i7 processor). In some embodiments, control circuitry 304
executes instructions for a media guidance application stored in
memory (i.e., storage 308). Specifically, control circuitry 304 may
be instructed by the media guidance application to perform the
functions discussed above and below. For example, the media
guidance application may provide instructions to control circuitry
304 to generate the media guidance displays. In some
implementations, any action performed by control circuitry 304 may
be based on instructions received from the media guidance
application.
[0100] In client-server based embodiments, control circuitry 304
may include communications circuitry suitable for communicating
with a guidance application server or other networks or servers.
The instructions for carrying out the above mentioned functionality
may be stored on the guidance application server. Communications
circuitry may include a cable modem, an integrated services digital
network (ISDN) modem, a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem, a
telephone modem, Ethernet card, or a wireless modem for
communications with other equipment, or any other suitable
communications circuitry. Such communications may involve the
Internet or any other suitable communications networks or paths
(which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 4). In
addition, communications circuitry may include circuitry that
enables peer-to-peer communication of user equipment devices, or
communication of user equipment devices in locations remote from
each other (described in more detail below).
[0101] Memory may be an electronic storage device provided as
storage 308 that is part of control circuitry 304. As referred to
herein, the phrase "electronic storage device" or "storage device"
should be understood to mean any device for storing electronic
data, computer software, or firmware, such as random-access memory,
read-only memory, hard drives, optical drives, digital video disc
(DVD) recorders, compact disc (CD) recorders, BLU-RAY disc (BD)
recorders, BLU-RAY 3D disc recorders, digital video recorders (DVR,
sometimes called a personal video recorder, or PVR), solid state
devices, quantum storage devices, gaming consoles, gaming media, or
any other suitable fixed or removable storage devices, and/or any
combination of the same. Storage 308 may be used to store various
types of content described herein as well as media guidance
information, described above, and guidance application data,
described above. Nonvolatile memory may also be used (e.g., to
launch a boot-up routine and other instructions). Cloud-based
storage, described in relation to FIG. 4, may be used to supplement
storage 308 or instead of storage 308.
[0102] Control circuitry 304 may include video generating circuitry
and tuning circuitry, such as one or more analog tuners, one or
more MPEG-2 decoders or other digital decoding circuitry,
high-definition tuners, or any other suitable tuning or video
circuits or combinations of such circuits. Encoding circuitry
(e.g., for converting over-the-air, analog, or digital signals to
MPEG signals for storage) may also be provided. Control circuitry
304 may also include scaler circuitry for upconverting and
downconverting content into the preferred output format of the user
equipment 300. Circuitry 304 may also include digital-to-analog
converter circuitry and analog-to-digital converter circuitry for
converting between digital and analog signals. The tuning and
encoding circuitry may be used by the user equipment device to
receive and to display, to play, or to record content. The tuning
and encoding circuitry may also be used to receive guidance data.
The circuitry described herein, including for example, the tuning,
video generating, encoding, decoding, encrypting, decrypting,
scaler, and analog/digital circuitry, may be implemented using
software running on one or more general purpose or specialized
processors. Multiple tuners may be provided to handle simultaneous
tuning functions (e.g., watch and record functions,
picture-in-picture (PIP) functions, multiple-tuner recording,
etc.). If storage 308 is provided as a separate device from user
equipment 300, the tuning and encoding circuitry (including
multiple tuners) may be associated with storage 308.
[0103] A user may send instructions to control circuitry 304 using
user input interface 310. User input interface 310 may be any
suitable user interface, such as a remote control, mouse,
trackball, keypad, keyboard, touch screen, touchpad, stylus input,
joystick, voice recognition interface, or other user input
interfaces. Display 312 may be provided as a stand-alone device or
integrated with other elements of user equipment device 300.
Display 312 may be one or more of a monitor, a television, a liquid
crystal display (LCD) for a mobile device, or any other suitable
equipment for displaying visual images. In some embodiments,
display 312 may be HDTV-capable. In some embodiments, display 312
may be a 3D display, and the interactive media guidance application
and any suitable content may be displayed in 3D. A video card or
graphics card may generate the output to the display 312. The video
card may offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of
3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or
the ability to connect multiple monitors. The video card may be any
processing circuitry described above in relation to control
circuitry 304. The video card may be integrated with the control
circuitry 304. Speakers 314 may be provided as integrated with
other elements of user equipment device 300 or may be stand-alone
units. The audio component of videos and other content displayed on
display 312 may be played through speakers 314. In some
embodiments, the audio may be distributed to a receiver (not
shown), which processes and outputs the audio via speakers 314.
[0104] Control circuitry 304 may also instruct monitoring component
316. Monitoring component 316 may include one or more additional
sub-components (e.g., an EEG, EMG, etc.) for monitoring brain
activity of a user. Monitoring component 316 may transmit updates
(e.g., associated with brain activity) of a user to control
circuitry 304. Control circuitry 304 may compare the updates to
data related to brain activity (e.g., threshold ranges, frequency
ranges, etc.) of the user and/or other users stored on storage 308
(e.g., to determine whether or not the brain activity of the user
corresponds to a particular threshold range and/or mood,
attentiveness level, etc.).
[0105] It should be noted, monitoring component 316 may, in some
embodiments, be located on a separate device in communication with
the device upon which a media guidance application (and control
circuitry 304) is implemented. For example, in some embodiments,
monitoring component 316 may communication with device 300 via a
communications network (e.g., communications network 414 (FIG.
4)).
[0106] Control circuitry 304 may also instruct power management
unit (PMU) 318 to switch user equipment device 300 from a first
power mode of operation to a second power mode of operation.
Alternatively, PMU 318 may receive instructions to perform the
switching directly over communications network 414. For example,
monitoring component 316 may send PMU 318 a message telling it to
switch user equipment device 300 from a first power mode to a
second power mode.
[0107] As referred to herein, a first power mode may be a low power
mode of operation. A first power mode may be understood to be a
sleep mode, a standby mode, a power-off mode, a dormant mode, or a
low-power mode. A low-power mode may refer to a mode of operation
wherein user equipment device 300 has sufficient power to perform
basic computation (e.g., compute whether an update should be
performed) using processing circuitry 306 but insufficient power to
perform more power-intensive tasks such as communicate with remote
devices (e.g., media content source 416 (FIG. 4)) over
communications network 414 (FIG. 4) and/or have limited capability
to identify brain activity. As referred to herein, a second power
mode may be a high power mode of operation. A second power mode may
be understood to be an awake mode, an active mode, a full-power
mode, a high-power mode, or an update mode, where a device
operating at a second power mode has sufficient power to provide
updates on brain activity of a user sufficient for determining a
mood, attentiveness level, etc. A device operating at a second
power mode may consume more power than when operating at a first
power mode. In some embodiments, device 300 may operate at a third
power mode, wherein the power consumed at the third power mode is
greater than that consumed at the first power mode but less than
that consumed at the second power mode. A third power mode may be
an update mode, wherein device 300 operates at enough power to
perform updates but not at full-power mode to perform media
guidance application operations. A third power mode may also refer
to a low-power mode, as described above. All three modes of
operation (e.g., first power mode, second power mode, third power
mode) may be used interchangeably within the present
disclosure.
[0108] Once user equipment device 300 is switched to a second power
mode of operation, control circuitry 304 updates the media guidance
application with data from monitoring component 316 and stores the
data in storage 308. As referred to herein, switching refers to
activating a component of circuitry within user equipment device
300 that corresponds to a desired power mode of operation.
Switching may be performed by PMU 318 to switch user equipment
device 300 from a first power mode to a second power mode. A first
power mode may correspond to a first circuitry component, and a
second power mode may correspond to a second circuitry component.
As referred to herein, switching from a first power mode to a
second power mode involves deactivating the first circuitry
component and activating a second circuitry component.
[0109] PMU 318 monitors and manages the power consumption of user
equipment device 300. PMU 318 may be configured to monitor the
current level of power consumption of user equipment device 300
based on device characteristics such as, but are not limited to,
battery usage information, screen brightness, screen saver
settings, central processing unit (CPU) power usage, graphic
processing unit (GPU) power usage, integrated processor power
usage, number of applications currently running on user equipment
device 300, number and frequency of recordings scheduled to be
performed on user equipment device 300, and the current power mode
of operation (e.g., first power mode, second power mode) in
addition to brain activity. More specifically, PMU 318 monitors the
power state of user equipment device 300 to determine when device
300 switches from a first power mode to a second power mode. In
some embodiments, PMU 318 may reside on user equipment device 300
as a component of control circuitry 304. In other embodiments, PMU
318 may be a unit that is external to user equipment device 300. In
these cases, PMU 318 may communicate with user equipment device 300
by sending and receiving instructions from control circuitry
304.
[0110] PMU 318 may perform the switching in response to various
conditions, based on instructions from control circuitry 304. In
some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may receive an indication
to switch user equipment device 300 from a first power mode to a
second power mode. For example, control circuitry 304 may receive a
request from a user input interface 310 or monitoring component 316
to perform the switching. In another example, control circuitry 304
may receive over communications network 414 (FIG. 4) via path 302 a
message from a remote server indicating that user equipment device
300 should be switched to a second power mode of operation. In each
of the aforementioned examples, control circuitry 304 may instruct
PMU 318 to switch user equipment device 300 to a second power mode
of operation in response to the requests and messages received.
These messages and/or requests may include a time field which
indicates a future time at which control circuitry 304 should
switch device 300 to a second power mode to receive updates over
network 414 (FIG. 4) and/or perform updates that are stored in
storage 308. This time field may set a timer to switch user device
300 to a second power mode at a specified time. The time field may
also set a timer to switch user device 300 to a first power mode at
a specified time period when no updates will be sent to device
300.
[0111] The guidance application may be implemented using any
suitable architecture. For example, it may be a stand-alone
application wholly implemented on user equipment device 300. In
such an approach, instructions of the application are stored
locally, and data for use by the application is downloaded on a
periodic basis (e.g., from an out-of-band feed, from an Internet
resource, or using another suitable approach). In some embodiments,
the media guidance application is a client-server based
application. Data for use by a thick or thin client implemented on
user equipment device 300 is retrieved on-demand by issuing
requests to a server remote to the user equipment device 300. In
one example of a client-server based guidance application, control
circuitry 304 runs a web browser that interprets web pages provided
by a remote server.
[0112] In some embodiments, the media guidance application is
downloaded and interpreted or otherwise run by an interpreter or
virtual machine (run by control circuitry 304). In some
embodiments, the guidance application may be encoded in the ETV
Binary Interchange Format (EBIF), received by control circuitry 304
as part of a suitable feed, and interpreted by a user agent running
on control circuitry 304. For example, the guidance application may
be an EBIF application. In some embodiments, the guidance
application may be defined by a series of JAVA-based files that are
received and run by a local virtual machine or other suitable
middleware executed by control circuitry 304. In some of such
embodiments (e.g., those employing MPEG-2 or other digital media
encoding schemes), the guidance application may be, for example,
encoded and transmitted in an MPEG-2 object carousel with the MPEG
audio and video packets of a program.
[0113] User equipment device 300 of FIG. 3 can be implemented in
system 400 of FIG. 4 as user television equipment 402, user
computer equipment 404, wireless user communications device 406, or
any other type of user equipment suitable for accessing content,
such as a non-portable gaming machine. For simplicity, these
devices may be referred to herein collectively as user equipment or
user equipment devices, and may be substantially similar to user
equipment devices described above. User equipment devices, on which
a media guidance application may be implemented, may function as a
standalone device or may be part of a network of devices. Various
network configurations of devices may be implemented and are
discussed in more detail below.
[0114] A user equipment device utilizing at least some of the
system features described above in connection with FIG. 3 may not
be classified solely as user television equipment 402, user
computer equipment 404, or a wireless user communications device
406. For example, user television equipment 402 may, like some user
computer equipment 404, be Internet-enabled allowing for access to
Internet content, while user computer equipment 404 may, like some
television equipment 402, include a tuner allowing for access to
television programming. The media guidance application may have the
same layout on various different types of user equipment or may be
tailored to the display capabilities of the user equipment. For
example, on user computer equipment 404, the guidance application
may be provided as a web site accessed by a web browser. In another
example, the guidance application may be scaled down for wireless
user communications devices 406.
[0115] In system 400, there is typically more than one of each type
of user equipment device but only one of each is shown in FIG. 4 to
avoid overcomplicating the drawing. In addition, each user may
utilize more than one type of user equipment device and also more
than one of each type of user equipment device.
[0116] In some embodiments, a user equipment device (e.g., user
television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404, wireless
user communications device 406) may be referred to as a "second
screen device." For example, a second screen device may supplement
content presented on a first user equipment device. The content
presented on the second screen device may be any suitable content
that supplements the content presented on the first device. In some
embodiments, the second screen device provides an interface for
adjusting settings and display preferences of the first device. In
some embodiments, the second screen device is configured for
interacting with other second screen devices or for interacting
with a social network. The second screen device can be located in
the same room as the first device, a different room from the first
device but in the same house or building, or in a different
building from the first device.
[0117] The user may also set various settings to maintain
consistent media guidance application settings across in-home
devices and remote devices. Settings include those described
herein, as well as channel and program favorites, programming
preferences that the guidance application utilizes to make
programming recommendations, display preferences, and other
desirable guidance settings. For example, if a user sets a channel
as a favorite on, for example, the web site www.allrovi.com on
their personal computer at their office, the same channel would
appear as a favorite on the user's in-home devices (e.g., user
television equipment and user computer equipment) as well as the
user's mobile devices, if desired. Therefore, changes made on one
user equipment device can change the guidance experience on another
user equipment device, regardless of whether they are the same or a
different type of user equipment device. In addition, the changes
made may be based on settings input by a user, as well as user
activity monitored by the guidance application.
[0118] The user equipment devices may be coupled to communications
network 414. Namely, user television equipment 402, user computer
equipment 404, and wireless user communications device 406 are
coupled to communications network 414 via communications paths 408,
410, and 412, respectively. Communications network 414 may be one
or more networks including the Internet, a mobile phone network,
mobile voice or data network (e.g., a 4G or LTE network), cable
network, public switched telephone network, or other types of
communications network or combinations of communications networks.
Paths 408, 410, and 412 may separately or together include one or
more communications paths, such as, a satellite path, a fiber-optic
path, a cable path, a path that supports Internet communications
(e.g., IPTV), free-space connections (e.g., for broadcast or other
wireless signals), or any other suitable wired or wireless
communications path or combination of such paths. Path 412 is drawn
with dotted lines to indicate that in the exemplary embodiment
shown in FIG. 4 it is a wireless path and paths 408 and 410 are
drawn as solid lines to indicate they are wired paths (although
these paths may be wireless paths, if desired). Communications with
the user equipment devices may be provided by one or more of these
communications paths, but are shown as a single path in FIG. 4 to
avoid overcomplicating the drawing.
[0119] Although communications paths are not drawn between user
equipment devices, these devices may communicate directly with each
other via communication paths, such as those described above in
connection with paths 408, 410, and 412, as well as other
short-range point-to-point communication paths, such as USB cables,
IEEE 1394 cables, wireless paths (e.g., Bluetooth, infrared, IEEE
802-11x, etc.), or other short-range communication via wired or
wireless paths. BLUETOOTH is a certification mark owned by
Bluetooth SIG, INC. The user equipment devices may also communicate
with each other directly through an indirect path via
communications network 414.
[0120] System 400 includes content source 416 and media guidance
data source 418 coupled to communications network 414 via
communication paths 420 and 422, respectively. Paths 420 and 422
may include any of the communication paths described above in
connection with paths 408, 410, and 412. Communications with the
content source 416 and media guidance data source 418 may be
exchanged over one or more communications paths, but are shown as a
single path in FIG. 4 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing. In
addition, there may be more than one of each of content source 416
and media guidance data source 418, but only one of each is shown
in FIG. 4 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing. (The different
types of each of these sources are discussed below.) If desired,
content source 416 and media guidance data source 418 may be
integrated as one source device. Although communications between
sources 416 and 418 with user equipment devices 402, 404, and 406
are shown as through communications network 414, in some
embodiments, sources 416 and 418 may communicate directly with user
equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 via communication paths (not
shown) such as those described above in connection with paths 408,
410, and 412.
[0121] Content source 416 may include one or more types of content
distribution equipment including a television distribution
facility, cable system headend, satellite distribution facility,
programming sources (e.g., television broadcasters, such as NBC,
ABC, HBO, etc.), intermediate distribution facilities and/or
servers, Internet providers, on-demand media servers, and other
content providers. NBC is a trademark owned by the National
Broadcasting Company, Inc., ABC is a trademark owned by the
American Broadcasting Company, Inc., and HBO is a trademark owned
by the Home Box Office, Inc. Content source 416 may be the
originator of content (e.g., a television broadcaster, a Webcast
provider, etc.) or may not be the originator of content (e.g., an
on-demand content provider, an Internet provider of content of
broadcast programs for downloading, etc.). Content source 416 may
include cable sources, satellite providers, on-demand providers,
Internet providers, over-the-top content providers, or other
providers of content. Content source 416 may also include a remote
media server used to store different types of content (including
video content selected by a user), in a location remote from any of
the user equipment devices. Systems and methods for remote storage
of content, and providing remotely stored content to user equipment
are discussed in greater detail in connection with Ellis et al.,
U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,892, issued Jul. 20, 2010, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0122] Media guidance data source 418 may provide media guidance
data, such as the media guidance data described above. Media
guidance application data may be provided to the user equipment
devices using any suitable approach. In some embodiments, the
guidance application may be a stand-alone interactive television
program guide that receives program guide data via a data feed
(e.g., a continuous feed or trickle feed). Program schedule data
and other guidance data may be provided to the user equipment on a
television channel sideband, using an in-band digital signal, using
an out-of-band digital signal, or by any other suitable data
transmission technique. Program schedule data and other media
guidance data may be provided to user equipment on multiple analog
or digital television channels.
[0123] In some embodiments, guidance data from media guidance data
source 418 may be provided to users' equipment using a
client-server approach. For example, a user equipment device may
pull media guidance data from a server, or a server may push media
guidance data to a user equipment device. In some embodiments, a
guidance application client residing on the user's equipment may
initiate sessions with source 418 to obtain guidance data when
needed, e.g., when the guidance data is out of date or when the
user equipment device receives a request from the user to receive
data. Media guidance may be provided to the user equipment with any
suitable frequency (e.g., continuously, daily, a user-specified
period of time, a system-specified period of time, in response to a
request from user equipment, etc.). Media guidance data source 418
may provide user equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 the media
guidance application itself or software updates for the media
guidance application.
[0124] Media guidance applications may be, for example, stand-alone
applications implemented on user equipment devices. For example,
the media guidance application may be implemented as software or a
set of executable instructions which may be stored in storage 308,
and executed by control circuitry 304 of a user equipment device
300. In some embodiments, media guidance applications may be
client-server applications where only a client application resides
on the user equipment device, and server application resides on a
remote server. For example, media guidance applications may be
implemented partially as a client application on control circuitry
304 of user equipment device 300 and partially on a remote server
as a server application (e.g., media guidance data source 418)
running on control circuitry of the remote server. When executed by
control circuitry of the remote server (such as media guidance data
source 418), the media guidance application may instruct the
control circuitry to generate the guidance application displays and
transmit the generated displays to the user equipment devices. The
server application may instruct the control circuitry of the media
guidance data source 418 to transmit data for storage on the user
equipment. The client application may instruct control circuitry of
the receiving user equipment to generate the guidance application
displays.
[0125] Content and/or media guidance data delivered to user
equipment devices 402, 404, and 406 may be over-the-top (OTT)
content. OTT content delivery allows Internet-enabled user devices,
including any user equipment device described above, to receive
content that is transferred over the Internet, including any
content described above, in addition to content received over cable
or satellite connections. OTT content is delivered via an Internet
connection provided by an Internet service provider (ISP), but a
third party distributes the content. The ISP may not be responsible
for the viewing abilities, copyrights, or redistribution of the
content, and may only transfer IP packets provided by the OTT
content provider. Examples of OTT content providers include
YOUTUBE, NETFLIX, and HULU, which provide audio and video via IP
packets. Youtube is a trademark owned by Google Inc., Netflix is a
trademark owned by Netflix Inc., and Hulu is a trademark owned by
Hulu, LLC. OTT content providers may additionally or alternatively
provide media guidance data described above. In addition to content
and/or media guidance data, providers of OTT content can distribute
media guidance applications (e.g., web-based applications or
cloud-based applications), or the content can be displayed by media
guidance applications stored on the user equipment device.
[0126] Media guidance system 400 is intended to illustrate a number
of approaches, or network configurations, by which user equipment
devices and sources of content and guidance data may communicate
with each other for the purpose of accessing content and providing
media guidance. The embodiments described herein may be applied in
any one or a subset of these approaches, or in a system employing
other approaches for delivering content and providing media
guidance. The following four approaches provide specific
illustrations of the generalized example of FIG. 4.
[0127] In one approach, user equipment devices may communicate with
each other within a home network. User equipment devices can
communicate with each other directly via short-range point-to-point
communication schemes described above, via indirect paths through a
hub or other similar device provided on a home network, or via
communications network 414. Each of the multiple individuals in a
single home may operate different user equipment devices on the
home network. As a result, it may be desirable for various media
guidance information or settings to be communicated between the
different user equipment devices. For example, it may be desirable
for users to maintain consistent media guidance application
settings on different user equipment devices within a home network,
as described in greater detail in Ellis et al., U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/179,410, filed Jul. 11, 2005. Different
types of user equipment devices in a home network may also
communicate with each other to transmit content. For example, a
user may transmit content from user computer equipment to a
portable video player or portable music player.
[0128] In a second approach, users may have multiple types of user
equipment by which they access content and obtain media guidance.
For example, some users may have home networks that are accessed by
in-home and mobile devices. Users may control in-home devices via a
media guidance application implemented on a remote device. For
example, users may access an online media guidance application on a
website via a personal computer at their office, or a mobile device
such as a PDA or web-enabled mobile telephone. The user may set
various settings (e.g., recordings, reminders, or other settings)
on the online guidance application to control the user's in-home
equipment. The online guide may control the user's equipment
directly, or by communicating with a media guidance application on
the user's in-home equipment. Various systems and methods for user
equipment devices communicating, where the user equipment devices
are in locations remote from each other, is discussed in, for
example, Ellis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,046,801, issued Oct. 25,
2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
[0129] In a third approach, users of user equipment devices inside
and outside a home can use their media guidance application to
communicate directly with content source 416 to access content.
Specifically, within a home, users of user television equipment 402
and user computer equipment 404 may access the media guidance
application to navigate among and locate desirable content. Users
may also access the media guidance application outside of the home
using wireless user communications devices 406 to navigate among
and locate desirable content.
[0130] In a fourth approach, user equipment devices may operate in
a cloud computing environment to access cloud services. In a cloud
computing environment, various types of computing services for
content sharing, storage or distribution (e.g., video sharing sites
or social networking sites) are provided by a collection of
network-accessible computing and storage resources, referred to as
"the cloud." For example, the cloud can include a collection of
server computing devices, which may be located centrally or at
distributed locations that provide cloud-based services to various
types of users and devices connected via a network such as the
Internet via communications network 414. These cloud resources may
include one or more content sources 416 and one or more media
guidance data sources 418. In addition or in the alternative, the
remote computing sites may include other user equipment devices,
such as user television equipment 402, user computer equipment 404,
and wireless user communications device 406. For example, the other
user equipment devices may provide access to a stored copy of a
video or a streamed video. In such embodiments, user equipment
devices may operate in a peer-to-peer manner without communicating
with a central server.
[0131] The cloud provides access to services, such as content
storage, content sharing, or social networking services, among
other examples, as well as access to any content described above,
for user equipment devices. Services can be provided in the cloud
through cloud computing service providers, or through other
providers of online services. For example, the cloud-based services
can include a content storage service, a content sharing site, a
social networking site, or other services via which user-sourced
content is distributed for viewing by others on connected devices.
These cloud-based services may allow a user equipment device to
store content to the cloud and to receive content from the cloud
rather than storing content locally and accessing locally-stored
content.
[0132] A user may use various content capture devices, such as
camcorders, digital cameras with video mode, audio recorders,
mobile phones, and handheld computing devices, to record content.
The user can upload content to a content storage service on the
cloud either directly, for example, from user computer equipment
404 or wireless user communications device 406 having content
capture feature. Alternatively, the user can first transfer the
content to a user equipment device, such as user computer equipment
404. The user equipment device storing the content uploads the
content to the cloud using a data transmission service on
communications network 414. In some embodiments, the user equipment
device itself is a cloud resource, and other user equipment devices
can access the content directly from the user equipment device on
which the user stored the content.
[0133] Cloud resources may be accessed by a user equipment device
using, for example, a web browser, a media guidance application, a
desktop application, a mobile application, and/or any combination
of access applications of the same. The user equipment device may
be a cloud client that relies on cloud computing for application
delivery, or the user equipment device may have some functionality
without access to cloud resources. For example, some applications
running on the user equipment device may be cloud applications,
i.e., applications delivered as a service over the Internet, while
other applications may be stored and run on the user equipment
device. In some embodiments, a user device may receive content from
multiple cloud resources simultaneously. For example, a user device
can stream audio from one cloud resource while downloading content
from a second cloud resource. Or a user device can download content
from multiple cloud resources for more efficient downloading. In
some embodiments, user equipment devices can use cloud resources
for processing operations such as the processing operations
performed by processing circuitry described in relation to FIG.
3.
[0134] FIG. 5 shows a representation of a user and regions of the
brain of the user associated with monitoring brain activity. For
example, in some embodiments, the media guidance application may be
implemented upon (or be in communication with) a user device that
monitors brain activity of a user (e.g., via monitoring component
316 (FIG. 3)). The user device may reside upon the head of a user
and include components (or sub-components) for testing different
areas of the scalp of a user.
[0135] For example, the scalp of user 500 includes first portion
502, second portion 504, third portion 506, and fourth portion 508.
In some embodiments, each of first portion 502, second portion 504,
third portion 506, and fourth portion 508 may correspond to a
different region of brain 510. For example, in some embodiments,
first portion 502 may correspond to frontal lobe 512, second
portion 504 may correspond to parietal lobe 514, third portion 506
may correspond to occipital lobe 516, and fourth portion 508 may
correspond to temporal lobe 518.
[0136] For example, in some embodiments, the media guidance
application may perform a media guidance application operation in
response to brain activity detected in a particular region of the
brain of a user. For example, the media guidance application may
monitor brain activity of the user in portion 502 (e.g., using
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) and determine a first brain
state associated with frontal lobe 512 of the monitored brain
activity. The media guidance application may then cross-reference
portion 502 with a database associated with functions performed by
the user using regions of the brain to determine at least one
function the user is performing based on the brain activity of the
user in portion 502. For example, the cross-reference may reveal
that frontal lobe 512 is associated with generating emotions and
emotional responses in a user.
[0137] The media guidance application may then compare the first
brain state to a threshold range for performing the at least one
function, and in response to determining the first brain state does
not correspond to the threshold range, performing a media guidance
operation associated with the at least one function.
[0138] For example, the media guidance application may detect a
state of the brain activity associated with frontal lobe 512 of the
user. In response to determining that frontal lobe 512 is
associated with emotions, the media guidance application of may
compare the current brain state of the user to typical brain states
(e.g., of the user or all users) associated with a particularly
preferred emotion (e.g., happiness). In response to determining
that the brain state of the user does not correspond to the
preferred emotion (currently happy), the media guidance application
may replace the media assets currently being consumed by the user
with a media asset with a higher likelihood of making the user
happy.
[0139] In another example, the media guidance application may
detect a state of the brain activity associated with various
regions of the brain in order to perform a function. For example,
the media guidance application may detect a state of the brain
activity associated with occipital lobe 516 (e.g., associated with
vision) and parietal lobe 514 (e.g., associated with reading) of
the user. In response to determining that the brain state of the
brain activity associated with occipital lobe 516 (e.g., associated
with vision) and parietal lobe 514 (e.g., associated with reading)
of the user does not correspond to the typical brain state of a
user, while temporal lobe 518 (e.g., associated with hearing) does
correspond to the typical brain state of the user, the media
guidance application may modify the media assets, display settings,
etc. such that text or important events are communicated to the
user via verbal means (e.g., audio announcements).
[0140] FIG. 6 shows multiple user devices that may be associated
with monitoring brain activity. For example, a user device (e.g.,
upon which a media guidance application is implemented and/or which
a media guidance application is in communication with) may be
fashioned as a form of headwear.
[0141] For example, user device 600 is fashioned as a headset, user
device 630 is fashioned as a hat/helmet, and user device 660 is
fashioned as eye glasses. It should be noted that a user device
configured to monitor brain activity as described herein may be
fashioned as any headwear. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a user
device may not be fashioned as headwear, but instead may be
configured as any device capable of monitoring brain activity of a
user. For example, any device which may incorporate and/or have
access to an EEG, EMG, and/or other means for monitoring brain
activity described herein may constitute a user device.
[0142] In some embodiments, user devices 600, 630, and 660 may
further include additional sub-components (e.g., sub-components of
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)), which may monitor brain
activity on one or more regions of the brain. Sub-components may
include electrodes or other features that may attach to the various
portions (e.g., portions 502, 504, 506, and 508 (FIG. 5)) of a user
(e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)). Furthermore, in some embodiments,
sub-components may extend and/or retract during various modes of
the user device in order to accommodate the comfort of the
user.
[0143] In some embodiments, user devices 600, 630, and 660 may be
battery-powered in order to provide a user with additional
mobility. Furthermore, user devices 600, 630, and 660 include
multiple modes, each corresponding to different power consumption
levels and/or sensitivity levels.
[0144] FIG. 7 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
generating a media asset for display to a user, in which the media
asset is associated with inducing a particular brain state. It
should be noted that process 700 or any step thereof, could be
displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4
and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)). For example, process 700 may be executed by control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)
any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG.
6) as instructed by the media guidance application while a user is
consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A),
display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200
(FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process 700 may be
incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of any other
process (e.g., as described in FIGS. 8-18).
[0145] At step 702, the media guidance application monitors the
brain activity of a user. For example, the media guidance
application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may
receive data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3))
associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
[0146] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity of a user using an EEG,
EMG, or suitable device for monitoring brain waves (e.g.,
incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)). Alternatively, the media guidance application may periodically
poll the brain activity of a user (e.g., on a predetermined
schedule and/or in response to a user input, (i.e., selecting
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)).
[0147] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
trigger (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes
for monitoring brain activity, in which each mode is associated
with a different power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16). For example,
the media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)) in order to extend the life of an
energy storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5) to activities of the monitoring component.
[0148] At step 704, the media guidance application determines a
first brain state based on the brain activity, in which the first
brain state corresponds to the mood of a user. For example, the
media guidance application may receive data from a monitoring
component (e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) incorporated
into and/or in communication with (e.g., via communications network
414 (FIG. 4) a user device (e.g., user device 300 (FIG. 3) and/or
user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)) upon which the
media guidance application is implemented. The media guidance
application may (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) process
that data to determine a brain state that corresponds with the
retrieved data. For example, the receiving data may correspond to a
particular frequency range and/or electrical activity of the
muscles near a particular region (e.g., frontal lobe 512 (FIG. 5))
of a brain (e.g., brain 510 (FIG. 5)) of the user.
[0149] The media guidance application may then cross-reference the
frequency range of the brain activity of the user with a database
stored locally on storage 308 (FIG. 3) or stored remotely at media
guidance data source 418 (FIG. 4), and/or any location accessible
via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) associated with
frequencies of brain states and corresponding moods to determine
the first mood and/or cross-reference the electrical activity of
the muscles near the brain of the user with a database (e.g.,
stored locally on storage 308 (FIG. 3) or stored remotely at media
guidance data source 418 (FIG. 4), and/or any location accessible
via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) associated with electrical
activity of brain states and corresponding moods to determine the a
current mood of the user.
[0150] For example, the particular frequency range of the brain
activity of a user may correspond to a particular mood (e.g.,
sadness). This correspondence may be recorded in a database, which
records the various frequency ranges of different moods of the user
and/or all users. To determine the correspondence, the media
guidance application may input the determined frequency range of
the brain activity of the user into the database. The database may
then identify all available moods that correspond to the determined
frequency range. For example, a brain state has a frequency of 4 to
8 Hz, the database may identify moods (e.g., happiness),
corresponding to a frequency of 4 to 8 Hz. The database may then
output the results, which indicate an identified mood that
corresponds to the current frequency range of the brain activity of
the user.
[0151] At step 706, the media guidance application selects a second
brain state, in which the second brain state corresponds to a
second mood of the user. In some embodiments, the media guidance
application (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may select
the second brain state based on a current time, a user input, a
current activity, or a preferred biorhythmic pattern associated
with the user.
[0152] For example, the media guidance application may receive
instructions from the user (e.g., entered via user input interface
310 (FIG. 3)) indicating that the user wishes to be in a particular
mood (e.g., happy). Additionally or alternatively, the media
guidance activity may retrieve a schedule (e.g., from storage 308
(FIG. 3)), which indicates that every evening at six o'clock PM,
the user wishes to be in a happy mood.
[0153] In another example, the media guidance application may
receive instructions from the user (e.g., via user input interface
310 (FIG. 3)) indicating that the user wishes to follow a
particular schedule for his/her biorhythmic activity (e.g., the
user wishes to maintain a therapeutic gradual increase and decrease
in brain activity, frequency bands, etc.).
[0154] At step 708, the media guidance application compares the
first brain state to the second brain state. In order to compare
the different brain states, the media guidance application may
retrieve quantitative measurements associated with each brain
state. For example, in some embodiments, each brain state is
associated with a particular frequency range, electrical activity,
and/or threshold range. These quantitative measurements may be
compared (e.g., using processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) by the
media guidance application to determine whether or not the two
measurements match (e.g., within a particular degree of deviation).
For example, the media guidance application may determine (e.g.,
via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) whether the two measurements
share the same frequency bands.
[0155] At step 710, in response to determining the first brain
state does not correspond to the second brain state, the media
guidance application generates a display of a media asset to the
user, in which the media asset is associated with inducing the
second brain state. For example, in response to determining (e.g.,
via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) that the two quantitative
measurements of brain activity do not match, the media guidance
application may instruct (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3))
generate a display of a media asset associated with the second
brain state. For example, in response to receiving instructions for
a preferred mood (e.g., the second brain state), the media guidance
application may ensure the user achieves that preferred mood by
generating a display of a media asset that is associated with the
preferred mood.
[0156] The media guidance application may (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) process the second brain state to determine
a corresponding media asset. For example, the media guidance
application may cross-reference the second brain state with a
database (e.g., stored locally on storage 308 (FIG. 3) or stored
remotely at media guidance data source 418 (FIG. 4), and/or any
location accessible via communications network 414 (FIG. 4))
associated with media assets corresponding to moods of a user to
determine a media asset or a category of media assets associated
with a particular mood. For example, the database may include data
associated with each media asset indicating the particular mood or
brain state that the media asset is associated with. Additionally
or alternatively, a database may indicate every media asset
associated with a particular mood or brain state. In order to
select a particular media asset, the media guidance application
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may identify the
available media assets that corresponds to the second brain
state.
[0157] In some embodiments, the information in the database may be
generated by a third party. For example, the media guidance
application may receive data associated with a media asset from a
remote source (e.g., media content source 416 (FIG. 4)) that
indicates the mood associated with the media asst. Additionally or
alternatively, the media guidance application may track (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) the particular mood (e.g., as
determined by data receiving from monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)) that a user was in when the user viewed one or more previous
showings of the media asset. The media guidance application may
then associate that media asset with the particular mood.
[0158] After selecting the media asset, the media guidance
application (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) may transmit
instructions to a display device (e.g., user equipment device 402,
404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4) and/or any display (e.g., display 312
(FIG. 3)) associated with the user device upon which the media
guidance application is implemented and/or associated with to
display the selected media asset (e.g., an inspiration message,
preferred movie, etc.). The media guidance application may then
monitor (e.g., using monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) the brain
activity of the user to ensure that the second brain state is
achieved. In response to determining that the second brain state is
not achieved, the media guidance application may generate a display
of a different media asset.
[0159] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 7
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
7 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 7.
[0160] FIG. 8 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
selecting a media asset associated with inducing a particular brain
state. It should be noted that process 800 or any step thereof,
could be displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in
FIGS. 3-4 and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5)). For example, process 800 may be executed by control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or
406 (FIG. 4) any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as
shown in FIG. 6) as instructed by the media guidance application
while a user is consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display
100 (FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or
display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process
800 may be incorporated into, or combined with, one or more steps
of any other process (e.g., as described in FIGS. 7 and 9-18).
[0161] At step 802, the media guidance application selects a
preferred brain state. The preferred state may be in response to a
user selection (e.g., of one of selectable options 202 (FIG. 2))
indicating a particular mood the user would prefer to have.
Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance application may
receive instructions from the user (e.g., via user input interface
310 (FIG. 3)) indicating that the user wishes to have a particular
scheduled brain state, or the media guidance application may
receive (e.g., via I/O path 302 (FIG. 3)) a recommended brain state
from a remote location (e.g., media content source 416, media
guidance data source 418, and/or any location accessible via
communications network 414 (FIG. 4)).
[0162] For example, the media guidance application may receive a
user input indicating that the user wishes to be happy (or have a
brain state corresponding to a brain state associated with
happiness). In response the media guidance application may generate
a display of media asset that may cause the user to become happy.
Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance application may
detect that a user is happy. In response the media guidance
application may generate a display of media assets that are
associated with happiness of the user. For example, in response to
determining that a user is in a carefree mood (or has a brain state
associated with carefreeness), the media guidance application may
generate a display of comedies (or any other media asset associated
with carefreeness). In contrast, in response to determining that a
user is in a serious mood (or has a brain state associated with
seriousness), the media guidance application may generate a display
of documentaries (or any other media asset associated with
seriousness).
[0163] At step 804, the media guidance application initiates
monitoring of brain activity of a user. For example, the media
guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may
instruct a user device (e.g., user device 600, 630, and/or 660
(FIG. 6)) to switch from a first mode associated with a first power
consumption and/or sensitivity level to a second mode associated
with a second power consumption and/or sensitivity level. For
example, a first mode may be associated with a "stand-by" or
"sleep" mode and may not include active monitoring of brain
activity of a user. A second mode (e.g., an "active" mode) may
include active monitoring of brain activity.
[0164] At step 806, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to monitor the brain activity of a user using an
EEG. For example, the user device (e.g., user device 600, 630,
and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) may include one or more monitoring components
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) or monitoring
sub-components, which may include an EEG. If the media guidance
application determines to monitor the brain activity of a user
using an EEG, the media guidance application proceeds to step 808,
determines a measurement of a frequency range of the brain activity
of a user of one or more regions of the brain of a user, and then
proceeds to step 816. If the media guidance application determines
not to use an EEG (e.g., an EEG is not included in the monitoring
component associated with the media guidance application), the
media guidance application proceeds to step 810.
[0165] At step 810, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to monitor the brain activity of a user using an
EMG. For example, the user device (e.g., user device 600, 630,
and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) may include one or more monitoring components
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) or monitoring
sub-components, which may include an EMG. If the media guidance
application determines to monitor the brain activity of a user
using an EMG, the media guidance application proceeds to step 812,
determines a measurement of electrical activity of a user of one or
more regions of the brain of a user, and then proceeds to step 816.
If the media guidance application determines not to use an EMG
(e.g., an EMG is not included in the monitoring component
associated with the media guidance application), the media guidance
application proceeds to step 812.
[0166] At step 814, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to monitor the brain activity of a user using a
default measuring technique. For example, the use device (e.g.,
user device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) may include one or more
monitoring components (e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) or
monitoring sub-components, which may be configured for functional
magnetic resonance imaging ("fMRI"), which tracks brain activity by
monitoring the levels of oxygenated blood that travel to active
neurons, a positron emission tomography scan ("PET scan"), which
tracks neurons' use of glucose in response to a stimulus, or any
other suitable technique. If the media guidance application
determines to monitor the brain activity of a user using a default
measuring technique, the media guidance application proceeds to
step 816 and determines a measurement of the brain activity of a
user of one or more regions of the brain of a user using the
technique, and proceeds to step 816. It should be noted that, in
some embodiments, the media guidance application may obtain one or
more of the measurements using one or more techniques for
monitoring brain activity.
[0167] At step 816, the media guidance application determines
whether or not the measurement corresponds to measurement
associated with preferred brain state. For example, in some
embodiments, step 816 may correspond to step 708 (FIG. 7)). For
example, in some embodiments, each brain state is associated with a
particular frequency range, electrical activity, and/or threshold
range. These quantitative measurements may be compared (e.g., using
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) by the media guidance
application to determine whether or not the two measurements match
(e.g., within a particular degree of deviation). For example, the
media guidance application may determine (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) whether the two measurements share the same
frequency bands.
[0168] If the media guidance application determines (e.g., via
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) that the measurements do
correspond, the media guidance application returns to step 804. If
the media guidance application determines (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) that the measurements do not correspond
(e.g., the current brain state of the user is different than a
preferred brain state of the user) the media guidance application
proceeds to step 818.
[0169] At step 818, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) cross-reference the preferred brain
state with a database of previous brain states of the user. For
example, the media guidance application may search for a media
asset (e.g., a movie, television program, video clip, textual
message) that a user was watching when the user achieved the
preferred brain state. For example, if the preferred brain state is
happy, the media guidance application may search (e.g., via control
circuitry 3 (FIG. 3)), for a media asset that previously made, or
was previously viewed while, a user was happy (e.g., a humorous
video clip).
[0170] In some embodiments, the database may be stored locally on
storage 308 (FIG. 3) or stored remotely at media guidance data
source 418 (FIG. 4) and/or any location accessible via
communications network 414 (FIG. 4). Additionally or alternatively,
the information in the database may be generated by a third party.
For example, the media guidance application may receive data
associated with a media asset from a remote source (e.g., media
content source 416 (FIG. 4)) that indicates a mood associated with
a media asset.
[0171] At step 820, the media guidance application receives an
output of a media asset and/or a media asset category that the user
was consuming during a previous brain state matching the preferred
brain state. For example, if a movie of an Action genre previously
made a user happy (e.g., the preferred brain state), the media
guidance application may receive (e.g., via I/O path 302 (FIG. 3))
an output of an Action movie.
[0172] At step 822, the media guidance application presents a media
asset from the outputted media asset category. For example, the
media guidance application may generate a display (e.g., via
instructions transmitted from control circuitry 304 FIG. 3)) of the
outputted media asset on a display device (e.g., user equipment
402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)). After generating a display of the
media asset from the outputted category, the media guidance
application returns to step 804.
[0173] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 8
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
8 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 8.
[0174] FIG. 9 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
generating an icon associated with the brain activity of a user. It
should be noted that process 900 or any step thereof, could be
displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4
and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)). For example, process 900 may be executed by control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)
any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG.
6) as instructed by the media guidance application while a user is
consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A),
display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200
(FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process 900 may be
incorporated into, or combined with, one or more steps of any other
process (e.g., as described in FIGS. 7-8 and 10-18).
[0175] At step 902, the media guidance application monitors brain
activity of a user for a first state in which the first state is
associated with performing a first operation of a media guidance
application. For example, in some embodiments, the media guidance
application may perform various media guidance application
operations based on a user achieving (or varying from) a particular
brain state.
[0176] For example, the media guidance application (e.g.,
implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive data (e.g.,
from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) associated with the brain
activity (e.g., the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations
in the brain and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain
at rest and during contraction) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5))).
[0177] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity of a user using an EEG,
EMG, or suitable device for monitoring brain waves (e.g.,
incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)). Alternatively, the media guidance application may periodically
poll the brain activity of a user (e.g., on a predetermined
schedule and/or in response to a user input (e.g., selecting
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)).
[0178] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
trigger (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes
for monitoring brain activity, in which each mode is associated
with a different power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16). For example,
the media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)) in order to extend the life of an
energy storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5) to activities of the monitoring component. In some
embodiments, the power consumption and/or sensitivity level may be
associated with being monitored for a particular brain state. For
example, if monitoring of the particular brain state requires a
higher degree of sensitivity, the media guidance application (e.g.,
via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may instruct PMU 318 (FIG. 3)
to switch to a mode corresponding to a higher level of
sensitivity.
[0179] At step 904, the media guidance application generates for
display an icon on a display screen, in which the icon provides
feedback to the user related to achieving the first brain state.
For example, as shown and described in FIGS. 1B-C, the media
guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may
transmit instructions to generate a icon (e.g., icon 134, which may
include graphical representations (e.g., graphical representation
132 (FIG. 1B)) and/or textual elements (e.g., textual element 138
(FIG. 1B)).
[0180] In some embodiments, an icon (e.g., icon 134 (FIG. 1B))
generated by a media guidance application (e.g., via control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 4)) on a display (e.g., display 312 (FIG. 3) on
a user device (e.g., user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406
(FIG. 4)) may indicate the status of a first brain state and/or the
progress of a user towards achieving a first brain state.
Additionally or alternatively, the media guidance application may
generate an icon (e.g., icon 134 (FIG. 1B) that includes
instructions for achieving the first brain state and/or media
guidance application operations that are associated with achieving
(or not achieving) the first brain state.
[0181] At step 906, the media guidance application, in response to
detecting a change in the brain activity of the user, adjusts the
icon on the display screen to reflect the change in the brain
activity. For example, as the media guidance application
continuously, in response to user inputs, or periodically based on
a predetermined schedule monitors the brain activity of a user
using an EEG, EMG, or suitable device for monitoring brain waves
(e.g., incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3)), the media guidance application (e.g., via control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may modify the generated icon (e.g., icon
134 (FIG. 1B)) to reflect the monitored brain activity.
Accordingly, as a user's progress towards or away from a particular
brain state (e.g., associated with a particular mood, attentiveness
level, etc.) changes, the media guidance application present
feedback to the user regarding the change.
[0182] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 9
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
9 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 9.
[0183] FIG. 10 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
updating an icon associated with the brain activity of a user. It
should be noted that process 1000 or any step thereof, could be
displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4
and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)). For example, process 1000 may be executed by control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment devices 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG.
4) any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in
FIG. 6) as instructed by the media guidance application while a
user is consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100
(FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or
display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process
1000 may be incorporated into, or combined with, one or more steps
of any other process (e.g., as described in FIGS. 7-9 and
11-18).
[0184] At step 1002, the media guidance application receives an
instruction to initiate monitoring of brain activity. For example,
the media guidance application may receive a user input (e.g., via
user input interface 310 (FIG. 3)) requesting the media guidance
application to switch from a first mode (e.g., associated with
limited brain activity monitoring and/or media guidance application
operations) to a second more (e.g., associated with expansive brain
activity monitoring and/or media guidance application
operations).
[0185] At step 1004, the media guidance application selects a media
guidance application operation to perform. For example, the media
guidance application may be configured to perform one or more media
guidance application operations while a user accesses media
guidance (e.g., as shown and described in relation to FIGS. 1A-C).
The media guidance application may select (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) a media guidance application operation to
perform. It should be noted, in some embodiments, the media
guidance application may be configured to monitor for and/or
perform multiple media guidance application operations
simultaneously. However, for simplicity, only the performance of a
single media guidance application operation will be discussed.
[0186] At step 1006, the media guidance application selects a brain
state corresponding to performance of the media guidance
application operation. For example, the media guidance application
may retrieve (e.g., from storage 308 (FIG. 3)) a list of all media
guidance application operations that the media guidance application
is configured to perform. For each of those operations, the media
guidance application may also retrieve a brain state, which, if
detected (e.g., via monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)), will cause
the media guidance application to perform a particular media
guidance application operation.
[0187] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
allow a user to customize the particular brain state that may
trigger a particular media guidance application operation.
Furthermore, the media guidance application may allow a user to
calibrate brain state determination to a particular user and/or
define the amount of time a user is given to achieve a particular
brain state and well as the length of time a brain state must be
maintained in order to perform a particular media guidance
application operation. Any customization of a media guidance
application may be stored (e.g., locally on storage 308 FIG. 3) or
remotely on at any location accessible via communications network
414 (FIG. 4)) in a user profile associated with a user that is
retrieve when a user active a user device (e.g., user device 600,
630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)).
[0188] For example, a first media guidance application operation
(e.g., a browse command) may be triggered in response to detecting
that the attentiveness level of a user is below a threshold
attentiveness level. A second media guidance application operation
(e.g., selecting a currently highlighted media listing) may be
triggered in response to determining the attentiveness level of a
user is above a threshold attentiveness level. In another example,
a third media guidance application operation (e.g., generating a
display of an action movie) may be triggered in response to
detecting that a user is in a particular mood. A fourth media
guidance application operation (e.g., generating a display of a
horror movie) may be triggered in response to determining the user
is in a different mood.
[0189] At step 1008, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to generate a graphical representation of progress
of a user in achieving a brain state. For example, the media
guidance application may determine (e.g., via processing circuitry
306 (FIG. 3)) whether or not to generate a display of a graphical
representation (e.g., graphical representation 132 (FIG. 1B)) that
indicates a user's progress in achieving a particular brain state,
indicates a particular media guidance application operation that
may be performed based on a user achieving a particular brain
state, indicates how a user may achieve a particular brain state,
and/or any other information associated with the media guidance
application.
[0190] The media guidance application may generate any type of
graphical representation. For example, the graphical representation
may include any one or more animations, video clips,
questionnaires, and/or any other graphical property used to convey
information to a user. The data used to generate a graphical
representation may be stored in a local (e.g., at storage 308 (FIG.
3)) or remote (e.g., as media content source 416, media guidance
data source 418, and/or any location accessible via communications
network 414 (FIG. 4)) location.
[0191] If the media guidance application determines not to generate
a graphical representation, the media guidance application proceeds
to step 1012. If the media guidance application determines to
generate a graphical representation of the progress of a user to
achieving the brain state, the media guidance application proceeds
to step 1010 and selects a graphical representation corresponding
to the brain state and the media guidance operation to be performed
and then proceeds to step 1012. To select the graphical
representation, the media guidance application may cross-reference
the brain state and the media guidance operation to be performed in
a database associated with various graphical representations. The
database may be structured as a lookup table in which inputting the
brain state and the media guidance operation to be performed may
result in a graphical representation associated with the input
being outputted.
[0192] At step 1012, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to generate a textual element related to the
progress of a user in achieving a brain state. For example, the
media guidance application may determine (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) whether or not to generate a display of a
textual element (e.g., textual element 138 (FIG. 1B)) that relates
to a user's progress in achieving a particular brain state, relates
to a particular media guidance application operation that may be
performed based on a user achieving a particular brain state,
relates to how a user may achieve a particular brain state, and/or
any other information associated with the media guidance
application.
[0193] The media guidance application may generate any type of
textual element. For example, a textual element may include any one
or more font, character size, motion or animation, color, and/or
any other graphical property used to convey information to a user
as well as any content, including names, phrases, punctuation, etc.
The data used to generate a textual element may be stored in local
(e.g., at storage 308 (FIG. 3)) or remote (e.g., as media content
source 416, media guidance data source 418, and/or any location
accessible via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)).
[0194] If the media guidance application determines not to generate
a textual element, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1012. If the media guidance application determines to generate a
textual element, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1014 and selects a textual element corresponding to the brain state
and media guidance operation to be performed and then proceeds to
step 1012. To select the textual element, the media guidance
application may cross-reference the brain state and the media
guidance operation to be performed in a database associated with
various textual elements. The database may be structured as a
lookup table in which inputting the brain state and the media
guidance operation to be performed may result in a textual element
associated with the input being outputted.
[0195] At step 1016, the media guidance application generates an
icon for display to the user incorporating the graphical
representation and/or textual element (if any) selected. For
example, the media guidance application may (e.g., via control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) generate an icon (e.g., icon 134 (FIG. 1B))
associated with a brain state, progress towards achieving a brain
state, media guidance application operation to be performed, and/or
any other information for display to a user (e.g., on display 312
(FIG. 3)).
[0196] The media guidance application may generate the icon (e.g.,
icon 134 (FIG. 1B)) as an overlay on a display (e.g., display 200
(FIG. 2)) generated by the media guidance application. Additionally
or alternatively, the icon may appear in a separate window, on a
separate user equipment device, in various shapes and sizes, and/or
with various levels of transparency.
[0197] At step 1018, the media guidance application monitors the
brain activity of the user. For example, the media guidance
application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may
receive data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3))
associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5))).
[0198] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity of a user using an EEG,
EMG, or suitable device for monitoring brain waves (e.g.,
incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)). Alternatively, the media guidance application may periodically
poll the brain activity of a user (e.g., on a predetermined
schedule and/or in response to a user input (e.g., selecting
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)).
[0199] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
trigger (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes
for monitoring brain activity, in which each mode is associated
with a different power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16). For example,
the media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)) in order to extend the life of an
energy storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5) to activities of the monitoring component.
[0200] At step 1020, the media guidance application determines
whether or not the brain activity of a user corresponds to the
brain state. For example, the media guidance application may (e.g.,
via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) determine whether or not a
frequency range associated with the brain state corresponds to the
frequency range associated with the current brain state of the
user. To determine the frequency range associated with the brain
state, the media guidance application may cross-reference a
database (e.g., at storage 308 (FIG. 3), media guidance data source
418 (FIG. 4), and/or any other location accessible via
communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) associated with frequency
ranges for various brain states.
[0201] If the media guidance application determines (e.g., via
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) that the brain activity of the
user corresponds to the brain state, the media guidance application
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) performs the media
guidance application operation at step 1022. If the media guidance
application determines (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG.
3)) that the brain activity of the user does not correspond to the
brain state, the media guidance application (e.g., via control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) proceeds to step 1024.
[0202] At step 1024, the media guidance application determines
(e.g., via monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) whether or not a
change in the brain activity of the user is detected. If so, the
media guidance application proceeds to step 1026 and updates the
icon before returning to step 1018. If no change is detected, the
media guidance application maintains the icon and returns to step
1018.
[0203] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 10
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
10 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 10.
[0204] FIG. 11 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved
performing an operation associated with a low attentiveness level
of the user. It should be noted that process 1100 or any step
thereof, could be displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices
shown in FIGS. 3-4 and 6 in response to brain activity of a user
(e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)). For example, process 1100 may be
executed by control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device
402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4) any of which may be configured as
headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6) as instructed by the media
guidance application while a user is consuming media content (e.g.,
displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display
150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or
more steps of process 1100 may be incorporated into or combined
with one or more steps of any other process (e.g. as described in
FIGS. 7-10 and 12-18).
[0205] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) perform one or more
media guidance application and/or brain activity operations in
response to detecting particular brain activity and/or determining
a user has achieved a particular brain state. For example, in
response to detecting a first type of brain activity, the media
guidance application may monitor for a second type of brain
activity. Process 1100 relates to determining the attentiveness
level of a user and performing a browse operation in response to
detecting a low attentiveness level of a user. It should be noted
however that process 1100 may be equally applied to any brain
activities and/or any media guidance application operation.
[0206] At step 1102, the media guidance application detects a first
eye blink pattern of a user. In some embodiments, the media
guidance application may be configured to detect particular eye
blink patterns while monitoring the brain activity of a user. For
example, the media guidance application (e.g., via monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) may monitor alpha bands (e.g., typically
associated with eye blinking) in the globus pallidus of the basal
ganglia (e.g., the area of the brain typically associated with
controlling eye blinking) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)) in
order to detect an eye blink pattern.
[0207] At step 1104, the media guidance application may in response
to detecting the eye blink pattern, monitor brain activity
associated with an attentiveness level of the user. For example, in
response to detecting a first type of brain activity (e.g., an eye
blink pattern), the media guidance application initiates the
monitoring (e.g., via monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) of a
second type of brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
In this example, in response to detecting the first eye blink
pattern, the media guidance application monitors the brain activity
associated with the attentiveness of a user.
[0208] For example, as described in relation to FIG. 2, the media
guidance application may (e.g., control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3))
generate a display of a media asset and/or media guidance data
(e.g., as shown in display 200 (FIG. 2)) on a display screen (e.g.,
associated with user device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)) in which
a user may navigate through various media guidance application
operations using a first type of brain activity (e.g., associated
with the first eye blink pattern). Upon detecting a second eye
blink pattern, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) select a media guidance application
operation to perform as well as a brain activity that may trigger
the selected media guidance application operation. Following the
selection, the media guidance application (e.g., via monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) monitors for a different type of brain
activity. In process 1100, the media guidance application (e.g.,
via monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) monitors for brain activity
associated with the attentiveness of a user.
[0209] For example, the media guidance application (e.g.,
implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive data (e.g.,
from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) associated with the brain
activity (e.g., the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations
in the brain and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain
at rest and during contraction) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5))) in the region of the brain (e.g., portion 502, 504, 506,
and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) associated with attentiveness of a user.
[0210] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may also
transmit (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) an instruction
to switch to a particular mode associated with monitoring for brain
activity associated with an attentiveness level of a user. For
example, a user device (e.g., user device 600, 630, and/or 660 may
have a particular power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16) associated
with monitoring for an attentiveness level of a user.
[0211] At step 1106, the media guidance application may
cross-reference the brain activity of the user with a database
associated with attentiveness levels of brain states to determine
an attentiveness level of the user. For example, the media guidance
application may (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) input
the frequency range of brain activity of a user, the electrical
activity of muscles near brain of the user at rest and during
contraction, etc. into a database (e.g., stored locally of storage
308 (FIG. 3) or stored remotely at any location accessible via
communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) and receive a description of
the attentiveness of the user.
[0212] At step 1108, the media guidance application compares the
attentiveness level of the user to a threshold attentiveness level.
For example, the media guidance application may receive the
attentiveness level of the user in the same unit of measure as a
threshold attentiveness level. In some embodiments, a threshold
attentiveness level may be retrieved from local storage (e.g.,
storage 308 (FIG. 3)). Alternatively, a threshold attentiveness
level may be received (e.g., via I/O path 302 (FIG. 3)) from a
remote location (e.g., any location accessible via communications
network 414 (FIG. 4)). Additionally, the threshold attentiveness
level may also be customized based on a user. For example, some
users may normally have higher or lower attentiveness levels when
consuming media.
[0213] The media guidance application may then (e.g., via
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) determine whether or not the
attentiveness level of the user corresponds to the threshold
attentiveness level at step 1110. At step 1110, the media guidance
application, in response to determining the attentiveness level of
the user does not correspond to the threshold attentiveness level,
performs an operation associated with a low attentiveness level.
For example, if the media guidance application determines that a
user is not currently paying attention to a media asset displayed
on a display device (e.g., user equipment device 402, 404, and/or
406 (FIG. 4)), the media guidance application may (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) perform a browse function (e.g.,
scroll from one media object generated for display in a media guide
to another media object generated for display in a media
guide).
[0214] In some embodiments, the media guidance application
operation associated with brain states may be determined based on
instructions received from storage 308 (FIG. 3). Alternatively or
additionally, the media guidance application (e.g., implemented on
user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive instructions for a particular
media guidance application operation to perform based on particular
brain activity from remote sources (e.g., any location accessible
via communications network 414 (FIG. 4). The media guidance
application may also receive user input (e.g., via user input
interface 310 (FIG. 3)) customizing the media guidance application
operation performed.
[0215] In some embodiments, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may
be coupled to an Infrared (IR) Blaster or Emitter (e.g.,
incorporated in and/or accessible to control circuitry 304 (FIG.
3)). A person may tune to a channel using a media guidance
application that operates based on the output of monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3). For example, the media guidance application
may receive output from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)
indicating EEG measurements for "attention" and "blink". Using that
information, the media guidance application may change channels
and/or select content in the media guidance application.
[0216] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
utilize a blink detection output from monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3) to initiate a grid display. For example, monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3) may output a blink detection of the user
which may instruct the media guidance application to launch a grid
display (e.g., display 100 (FIG. 1A), display 200 (FIG. 2), etc.).
Based on data received from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3), the
media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG.
3)) may transmit a series of IR commands or wireless commands in
response to detecting a blink instructing the media guidance
application to display a list of favorite channels or a grid (e.g.,
grid 102 matching a user's preferences).
[0217] It should be noted, although grid navigation is discussed
below, any other type of user interface or media guidance display
may be navigated to select content in a similar way. For example,
an online website or application on a mobile device may present
media listings in a similar manner as the media guidance display
shown in display 100 (FIG. 1A), display 200 (FIG. 2), etc. The
media guidance display may be navigated up/down/left/right to
identify content for selection in a similar way as discussed
below.
[0218] The media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3)) may transmit an "Arrow Down" command at a rate of
about one command per second until monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3) detects another "blink" from the user. Specifically, the grid
shown in display 100 (FIG. 1A), display 200 (FIG. 2), etc. may be
scrolled left/right/up/down at a constant rate automatically until
the user blinks a second time. For example, when the user blinks
the first time, the media guidance application may be instructed to
launch a grid. Until a subsequent blink is detected (e.g., a second
time the user blinks), the grid that is displayed may be scrolled
to display additional content sources (e.g., channels) using the
down arrow 120 (FIG. 1A) automatically at a constant rate of one
content source per second. Alternatively, until a subsequent blink
is detected (e.g., a second time the user blinks), the grid that is
displayed may be scrolled to display later/earlier using the right
arrow 120 automatically at a constant rate of thirty minute
intervals per second.
[0219] In some embodiments, after the second blink is detected or
after another mental/physical condition is detected by monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3), attention of the user is monitored. In some
implementations, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may wait a
threshold period of time (e.g., five seconds) for the attention
level to increase. For example, after the grid is scrolled to a
specific position (e.g., time and content source list), monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3) may measure an attention level of the user
by analyzing brain wave frequencies. Monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3) may compare the brain state before the second blink and/or other
mental/physical condition was detected and the brain state after
the second blink and/or other mental/physical condition was
detected.
[0220] Specifically, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may compare
the previous brain states (e.g., those occurring while the grid was
being scrolled) to those occurring after the grid has stopped
scrolling. If the brain state has changed beyond a threshold range,
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may output an indication that the
user attention level has increased. In some implementations,
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may compare the current brain
state frequencies to a threshold range to determine whether the
user attention level has increased or reached a threshold range
associated with a particular mood, attentiveness level, etc. For
example, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may wait until the brain
state of the user reaches a brain state associated with a 60%
attentiveness level. Upon determining that that brain state has
been reached, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may output an
indication that the user attentiveness level has increased.
[0221] In some implementations, once monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3) outputs the indication that the user attentiveness level has
increased, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may generate an
instruction to the media guidance application to select the content
source shown in the grid. For example, monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3) may instruct the media guidance application to tune to the
current channel identified by a highlight region in grid 102 (FIG.
1A). In some implementations, when multiple content sources are
shown in the media guidance application display, upon determining
that the user attention level has increased, an eye position
detection module (e.g., incorporated into monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3)) may determine where the user's eyes are focused.
Specifically, the eye position detection module may identify to the
media guidance application where the user's eyes are focused when
the user attentiveness level has increased. The media guidance
application may correlate that information with which content
source is shown at the position being focused by the user's eyes.
The media guidance application may then tune or access the content
source the user is focusing on when the user attention level has
increased as determined by monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3).
[0222] In some implementations, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)
may determine whether, after the threshold period of time (e.g.,
five seconds), the attentiveness level has not increased following
the second blink detection or after another mental/physical
condition is detected. In response to determining that the
attentiveness level has not increased after the threshold period of
time, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may instruct the media
guidance application to scroll again (e.g., the time or content
source or both) at a given rate (e.g., once per second).
Specifically, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may transmit an
"Arrow Down" command at a rate of about one command per second
until monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) detects another "blink"
from the user (e.g., a third blink). Specifically, the grid shown
in display 100 or 200 may be scrolled left/right/up/down at a
constant rate automatically until the user blinks a third time.
Until the third blink is detected (e.g., a second time the user
blinks), the grid that is displayed may be scrolled to display
additional content sources (e.g., channels) using the down arrow
120 automatically at a constant rate of one content source per
second.
[0223] Alternatively, until the third blink is detected (e.g., a
second time the user blinks), the grid that is displayed may be
scrolled to display later/earlier using the right arrow 120
automatically at a constant rate of thirty minute intervals per
second. Monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may then repeat the
process of determining whether the attentiveness level of the user
has increased to instruct the media guidance application to select
a given content source.
[0224] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
recommend a media asset based on a current or desired mental state
of the user. Specifically, based on a measured brain state of the
user monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may inform the media
guidance application of the user's current or desired brain state.
The media guidance application may then automatically select a
media asset to match the current or desired mental state. For
example, the user may be in a happy state of mind as determined by
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3). Monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3) may inform the media guidance application that the user is happy
and the media guidance application may select media asset that
correspond to that state of mind (e.g., comedy media assets). For
example, the user may desire to be in a sad state of mind as
determined by monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3). Monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3) may inform the media guidance application
that the user desires to be sad and the media guidance application
may select media asset that correspond to that state of mind (e.g.,
drama media assets).
[0225] Monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may record the brain
states of a user for a period of time that the user is experiencing
a media asset. After recording the brain states while experiencing
many media assets, the media guidance application (e.g., via
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) may generate correlations with
different media characteristics or attributes, such as genre,
actors, content sources and other metadata. For example, the media
guidance application (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3))
may determine that the user is usually (e.g., more than 60-80
percent or greater than a threshold amount of time) in a sleep
state of mind when watching comedies. Accordingly, the media
guidance application (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3))
may correlate comedies with a sleep state of mind. Based on these
correlations, media guidance application (e.g., via processing
circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) may determine a current state of mind and
find a media asset to match the current state of mind.
Specifically, if the correlation determines that when the user is
in a sleepy state of mind, the user watches comedy type media
assets, media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may select a comedy media asset when the user is
determined to be currently in a sleep state of mind.
[0226] In some implementations, the recommended media assets may be
selected to place the user in a desired state of mind. For example,
the user may instruct the media guidance application of the desire
to enter a sleepy state of mind. The media guidance application may
cross-reference the correlations generated by monitoring component
316 (FIG. 3)) to determine what types of media assets are
correlated with the sleepy state of mind for the user. The
correlations may indicate that comedies are associated with a
sleepy state of mind. Accordingly, the media guidance application
may select a comedy media asset to cause the user to enter the
state of mind (e.g., sleepy) selected by the user. This way a user
who is in an active state can tell the media application they want
to enter a sleepy state. Based on past brain activity detected for
the user by monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)), the media guidance
application may determine the types of media assets the user needs
to consume to enter the desired state of mind (e.g., sleepy).
[0227] In some embodiments, the information received from
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may be used to select which
advertisements to deliver to the device or user connected to
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3). For example, monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3) may receive an indication from the media
guidance application that an advertisement needs to be displayed.
Monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may measure brain states of the
user to determine a state the user is in. Monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3) may inform the media guidance application about the
determined state of the user. The media guidance application, based
on the determined state (e.g., sleepy state), may select an
advertisement suitable for the state. For example, the media
guidance application may select an advertisement about a bed when
the user is in a sleepy state as determined by monitoring component
316 (FIG. 3). Alternatively, the media guidance application may
select an advertisement about baseball game when the user is in an
active state as determined by monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3).
[0228] In some embodiments, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may
monitor user reactions to the displayed advertisements. Monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3) may determine when the user attentiveness
level rises when an advertisement is displayed. For example, the
media guidance application may determine that an advertisement is
being displayed. In response, the media guidance application may
instruct monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) to monitor the
frequencies of the user to determine whether the attentiveness
level of the user has increased. Specifically, monitoring component
316 (FIG. 3) may determine whether the brain activity increased
between the time prior to when the advertisement was displayed and
when the advertisement was shown. When the brain activity is
determined to have increased, monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may
indicate that the attention level of the user increased when the
advertisement was displayed. Alternatively or in addition,
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) may measure the brain frequencies
at the time the advertisement is displayed. When the brain
frequencies rise above a given threshold, monitoring component 316
(FIG. 3) may indicate that the attention level of the user
increased when the advertisement was displayed. Based on the
indications received from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3) the
media guidance application may determine which advertisements have
the greatest impact or affect on the user (e.g., which
advertisements caused the user's attention level to increase). The
media guidance application may adjust a user profile based on the
determination to improve the advertisement targeting/selection in
the future.
[0229] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 11
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
11 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 11.
[0230] FIG. 12 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
detecting and responding to various types of brain activity. It
should be noted that process 1200 or any step thereof, could be
displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4
and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)). For example, process 1200 may be executed by control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3), on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG.
4) any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in
FIG. 6) as instructed by the media guidance application while a
user is consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100
(FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or
display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process
1200 may be incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of
any other process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-11 and 13-18).
[0231] At step 1202, the media guidance application receives
instructions to initiate monitoring of brain activity. For example,
the media guidance application may receive a user input (e.g., via
user input interface 310 (FIG. 3)) requesting the media guidance
application to switch from a first mode (e.g., associated with
limited brain activity monitoring and/or media guidance application
operations) to a second mode (e.g., associated with associated with
expansive brain activity monitoring and/or media guidance
application operations). For example, a user may have selected
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2) instructing a user device (e.g.,
user device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) to actively monitor the
brain activity of the user.
[0232] At step 1204, the media guidance application may present a
media guidance application operation. For example, the media
guidance application may present a display of an icon (e.g., icon
218 (FIG. 2)) on a display screen (e.g., display 200 FIG. 2)) on a
user device (e.g., user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG.
4)), which instructs a user regarding the monitoring of brain
activity. For example, the icon (e.g., icon 218 (FIG. 2)) may
instruct a user to blink his/her eyes in order to scroll the
different media guidance application operations that are
available.
[0233] At step 1206, the media guidance application determines
whether or not a first brain activity is detected. For example, the
media guidance application may monitor the brain activity of a user
for a particular type of brain activity. For example, the media
guidance application may (e.g., via monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)) monitor a particular region of the brain (e.g., portion 502,
504, 506, and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) for a particular type of brain
activity (e.g., a particular frequency range, frequency band,
electrical activity, etc.). In some embodiments, step 1206 may
correspond to step 1102 (FIG. 11), and the media guidance
application may be configured to detect particular eye blink
patterns while monitoring the brain activity of a user. For
example, the media guidance application (e.g., via monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) may monitor alpha bands (e.g., typically
associated with eye blinking) in the globus pallidus of the basal
ganglia (e.g., the area of the brain typically associated with
controlling eye blinking) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)) in
order to detect an eye blink pattern.
[0234] If the media guidance application determines that first
brain activity is not detected, the media guidance application
returns to step 1204. If the media guidance application determines
that the first brain activity is detected, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1208 and retrieves a threshold range
necessary for performance of the operation. For example, the media
guidance application may retrieve a threshold range, which if
detected triggers performance of the media guidance application
operation. The threshold range may be, depending on the user (e.g.,
based on information in a user profile), based on the particular
media guidance application operation to be performed (e.g., each
operation may be associated with a unique threshold range), based
on information received from a remote source (e.g., an industry
standard threshold range), etc.
[0235] At step 1210, the media guidance application monitors the
brain activity of a user. For example, the media guidance
application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may
receive data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3))
associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
[0236] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity of a user using an EEG,
EMG, or suitable device for monitoring brain waves (e.g.,
incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)). Alternatively, the media guidance application may periodically
poll the brain activity of a user (e.g., on a predetermined
schedule and/or in response to a user input (e.g., selecting
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)).
[0237] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
trigger (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes
for monitoring brain activity, in which each mode is associated
with a different power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16). For example,
the media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)). In some embodiments, particular
modes may be invoked in order to monitor for particular brain
activity and/or in order to monitor particular regions (e.g.,
portion 502, 504, 506, and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) of the brain (e.g.,
brain 550 (FIG. 5)).
[0238] At step 1212, the media guidance application determines the
current brain activity of the user. For example, the media guidance
application may determine a particular frequency range, frequency
band, etc. of the current brain activity of the user. At step 1214,
the media guidance application determines whether or not the
current brain activity corresponds to the threshold brain activity.
For example, the media guidance application may determine (e.g.,
via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) whether the current brain
activity of a user (e.g., indicative of an attentiveness level of
the user) corresponds to a threshold range (e.g., indicative of an
attentiveness level necessary to perform a media guidance
application operation). If the media guidance application
determines that the current brain activity does not correspond to
the threshold brain activity, the media guidance application
returns to step 1210. If the media guidance application determines
that the current brain activity does correspond to the threshold
brain activity, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1216.
[0239] At step 1216, the media guidance application performs the
media guidance application operation. For example, if the media
guidance application operation is the recommendation of media
assets, the media guidance application may, in response to
determining the user is unhappy (e.g., the current brain activity
of the user does not meet a threshold range associated with
happiness) with a current media asset (e.g., displayed on user
equipment 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)), recommend different media
assets.
[0240] The media guidance application then returns to step 1204.
For example, the media guidance application may return to step 1204
and present a media guidance application operation corresponding to
stopping the media guidance application operation performed in step
1216 (e.g., stopping the recommendation of media assets).
[0241] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 12
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
12 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one or more of the steps in FIG. 12.
[0242] FIG. 13 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
monitoring particular regions of a brain for brain activity
associated with particular functions. It should be noted that
process 1300 or any step thereof, could be provided by, any of the
devices shown in FIGS. 3-4 and 6 in response to brain activity of a
user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)). For example, process 1300 may be
executed by control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device
402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4) any of which may be configured as
headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6) as instructed by the media
guidance application while a user is consuming media content (e.g.,
displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display
150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or
more steps of process 1300 may be incorporated into or combined
with one or more steps of any other process (e.g. as described in
FIGS. 7-12 and 14-18).
[0243] At step 1302, the media guidance application monitors brain
activity of a user in a first region of a brain of the user. For
example, the media guidance application (e.g., implemented on user
device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive data (e.g., from monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) associated with the brain activity (e.g.,
the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations in the brain
and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain at rest and
during contraction) of a region (e.g., portion 502, 504, 506,
and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) of a brain (e.g., brain 510 (FIG. 5)) of a
user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
[0244] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity at different regions of the
brain of a user using an EEG, EMG, or suitable device for
monitoring brain waves (e.g., incorporated as a sub-component of
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)). Alternatively, the media
guidance application may periodically poll the brain activity of a
user (e.g., on a predetermined schedule and/or in response to a
user input (e.g., selecting selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)). In
some embodiments, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) receive data from various
electrodes located at various regions on the scalp of a user. In
some embodiments, the various electrodes may extend and/or retract
from a user device (e.g., user device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG.
6)).
[0245] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
trigger (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes
for monitoring brain activity, in which each mode is associated
with a different power consumption level and/or sensitivity level
(e.g., as discussed below with regard to FIGS. 15-16). For example,
the media guidance application (e.g., via control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)) based on a particular region of a
brain of the user that needs to be monitored. For example, if the
region of the brain is more difficult to monitor due to location,
density, size/shape of the user device, etc., the media guidance
application may adjust the power consumption and/or sensitivity
level accordingly.
[0246] At step 1304, the media guidance application determines a
first brain state associated with a first region of the brain based
on the brain activity of the user in the first region. For example,
based on the presence of a particular frequency range of brain
activity in the frontal lobes, which are typically associated with
various emotions, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) determine that a user is
happy.
[0247] At step 1306, the media guidance application
cross-references the first region with a database associated with
functions performed by the user using regions of the brain to
determine at least one function the user is performing based on the
brain activity of the user in the first region of the brain. For
example, in response to detecting (e.g., via monitoring component
316 (FIG. 3)) the first brain state in a particular region (e.g.,
portion 502, 504, 506, and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) of the brain (e.g.,
brain 510 (FIG. 5)) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)), the media
guidance application may cross-reference a database to determine
the functions that are typically associated with that region of the
brain.
[0248] For example, in response to detecting brain activity in the
parietal lobe, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 4)) access a database (e.g., located
locally at storage 308 (FIG. 3) or remotely at any location
accessible via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) listing
functions of the parietal lobe. In response the media guidance
application may receive a particular function or a list of
functions that the user may be performing based on the brain
activity in the parietal lobe. For example, the media guidance
application may (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3))
determine that the user is either reading or performing
mathematical calculations.
[0249] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
further filter the possible functions that a user is performing by
analyzing the content a user is consuming (e.g., on a display 312
(FIG. 3)). For example, in some embodiments, the media guidance
application may receive information (e.g., as metadata) describing
the current content that a user is consuming. Alternatively or
additionally, the media guidance application may incorporate or
have access to one or more content-recognition modules, which may
be used by the media guidance application to analyze media objects
and/or the content of media objects. For example, the media
guidance application may include an object recognition module. The
object recognition module may use edge detection, pattern
recognition, including, but not limited to, self-learning systems
(e.g., neural networks), optical character recognition, on-line
character recognition (including, but not limited to, dynamic
character recognition, real-time character recognition, intelligent
character recognition), and/or any other suitable technique or
method to determine the objects in and/or characteristics of video
and audio content. For example, the media guidance application may
receive a media asset in the form of a video (e.g., an audio/video
recording of a user). The video may include a series of frames. For
each frame of the video, the media guidance application may use an
object recognition module to determine the content and context of a
media asset for use in determining the functions that a user may be
performing.
[0250] In some embodiments, the content-recognition module or
algorithm may also include audio analysis and speech recognition
techniques, including, but not limited to, Hidden Markov Models,
dynamic time warping, and/or neural networks (as described above)
to process audio data and/or translate spoken words into text or
other data forms that may be processed by the media guidance
application. The content-recognition module may also use any other
suitable techniques for processing audio and/or visual data. For
example, the content-recognition module may analyze audio data to
determine the content and context of a media asset.
[0251] In some embodiments, attributes of media content or the
asset information may indicate that a user is likely performing a
particular function. For example, if possible functions include
reading and performing mathematical computations, and the current
content of the media asset the user is consuming includes text, but
no numbers, the media guidance application may determine that the
function the user is performing is reading and not number
computations.
[0252] Upon determining the function a user is performing while
consuming a media asset (e.g., on a display device such as user
equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)) the media guidance
application determines (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG.
3)) whether or not the first brain state corresponds to a typical
brain state of the user and/or all users performing the function.
For example, if the brain state does not correspond (e.g.,
indicating that the user is straining), the media guidance
application may (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) adjust
the media asset.
[0253] At step 1308, the media guidance application compares the
first brain state to a threshold range for preforming the at least
one function. For example, the media guidance application may
(e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) determine the
particular frequency range, frequency band, electrical activity,
etc. associated with the first brain state and compare that
information to the frequency range.
[0254] At step 1310, in response to determining the first brain
state does not correspond to the threshold range, the media
guidance application may perform a media guidance application
operation associated with the at least on function. For example,
the media guidance application may detect a first brain state
associated with the occipital lobe (e.g., occipital lobe 516 (FIG.
5)) of the user. In response to determining that the occipital lobe
is associated with vision, the media guidance application may
compare the first brain state of the user to a typical brain state
of the user (e.g., retrieved from a user profile) associated with
viewing media assets (e.g., represented by a threshold range). In
response to determining that the brain state of the user does not
correspond to the typical brain state (e.g., indicating that the
user is having difficulty seeing the media assets, the user is
squinting, the media asset is too bright, etc.), the media guidance
application may modify (e.g., increase the size of text on the
display device, reduce a brightness setting of the display device,
etc.) the media assets, display settings, etc. in order to align
the brain state of the user with the typical brain state.
[0255] In another example, the media guidance application may
detect a state of the brain activity associated with various
regions of the brain in order to perform a function. For example,
the media guidance application may detect a state of the brain
activity associated with the occipital lobe (e.g., associated with
vision) and the parietal lobe (e.g., associated with reading) of
the user. In response to determining that the brain state of the
brain activity associated with the occipital lobe (e.g., associated
with vision) and the parietal lobe (e.g., associated with reading)
of the user does not correspond to the typical brain state of a
user, while the temporal lobe (e.g., associated with hearing) does
correspond to the typical brain state of the user (e.g., indicating
that user is straining to read and/or see a media asset, but not
straining to hear a media asset), the media guidance application
may modify the media assets, display settings, etc. such that text
or important events are communicated to the user via verbal means
(e.g., audio announcements).
[0256] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 13
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
13 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 13.
[0257] FIG. 14 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
determining a function associated with particular brain activity.
It should be noted that process 1400 or any step thereof, could be
displayed on, or provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4
and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)). For example, process 1400 may be executed by control circuitry
304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)
any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG.
6) as instructed by the media guidance application while a user is
consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A),
display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200
(FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process 1400 may be
incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of any other
process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-13 and 15-18).
[0258] At step 1402, the media guidance application receives
information on a brain state of a region of a brain of a user. For
example, in some embodiments, step 1402 may correspond to step 1302
(FIG. 13). For example, the media guidance application (e.g.,
implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive data (e.g.,
from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) associated with the brain
activity (e.g., the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations
in the brain and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain
at rest and during contraction) of a region (e.g., portion 502,
504, 506, and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) of a brain (e.g., brain 510 (FIG.
5)) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
[0259] At step 1404, the media guidance application retrieves a
list of functions performed using the region of the brain of the
user. For example, in response to detecting brain activity in the
occipital lobe (e.g., occipital lobe 516 (FIG. 5)), the media
guidance application may (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 4))
access a database (e.g., located locally at storage 308 (FIG. 3) or
remotely at any location accessible via communications network 414
(FIG. 4)) listing functions of the occipital lobe. In response the
media guidance application may receive a particular function or a
list of functions that the user may be performing based on the
brain activity in the occipital lobe. For example, the media
guidance application may (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG.
3)) determine that the occipital lobe is associated with visual
perception and color perception based on a list received (e.g., via
I/O path 302 (FIG. 3)) from the database.
[0260] At step 1406, the media guidance application selects a
function from the list of functions. For example, if the list
includes multiple functions that may be being performed, the media
guidance application (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3))
selects the first function in the list. At step 1408, the media
guidance application determines whether or not the selected
function corresponds to current activity of the user. For example,
if the media guidance application determines that a current media
asset (e.g., presented on user equipment 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG.
4)) includes color (e.g., via metadata associated with the media
asset and/or the object recognition techniques discussed above),
the media guidance application may (e.g., via processing circuitry
306 (FIG. 3)) determine that a selected function of color
perception does correspond to the current activity of the user. If
so, the media guidance application proceeds to step 1410.
Alternatively, if the media guidance application determines that a
current media asset (e.g., presented on user equipment 402, 404,
and/or 406 (FIG. 4)) does not include color (e.g., the media asset
is consumed in black and white), the media guidance application may
(e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) determine that a
selected function of color perception does not correspond to the
current activity of the user. If so, the media guidance application
returns to step 1406 and selects a different function from the list
of functions.
[0261] At step 1410, the media guidance application retrieves a
threshold range of brain activity associated with the function. For
example, the threshold range may indicate the typical brain
activity associated with performing the selected function. In some
embodiments, this step may correspond to step 1306 (FIG. 13)). It
should be noted that in some embodiments, the media guidance
application may determine (e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG.
3)) that multiple functions correspond to the current activity of
the user. In such cases, the media guidance application may
retrieve composite threshold ranges, which account for multiple
functions being performed by a user.
[0262] At step 1412, the media guidance application determines
whether or not the brain state corresponds to the threshold range.
For example, the media guidance application may (e.g., via
processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) compare the frequency range,
frequency bands, electrical activity, etc. of the brain state to
the threshold range. If the brain state corresponds to the
threshold range (e.g., if the brain state matches the threshold
range within an acceptable deviation), the media guidance
application returns to step 1402. If the media guidance application
determines that the brain state does not correspond to the
threshold range, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1414.
[0263] At step 1414, the media guidance application performs a
media guidance application operation corresponding to the function.
For example, the media guidance application may cross-reference the
function and the brain state of the user with a database (e.g.,
located locally on storage 308 (FIG. 3) or remotely at any location
accessible via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)) in order to
determine a particular media guidance application operation that
may align the brain state of the user with the threshold range.
[0264] For example, if the user is having trouble seeing (e.g., as
indicated by brain activity indicative of straining) the media
guidance application may generate on screen text in a larger size.
In another example, if a user does not have brain activity
corresponding to a particular function (e.g., vision) indicating
the user has a deficiency related to that particular function
(e.g., is blind), the media guidance application may determine
another function (e.g., hearing) associated with a different region
of the brain (e.g., temporal lobe) and modify the media asset
(e.g., generate audio announcements of subtitles) such that that
region of the brain is used by a user to consume the media
asset.
[0265] At step 1416, the media guidance application receives
updated information on the brain state. For example, the media
guidance application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG.
3)) may receive new data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)) associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a region (e.g., portion 502, 504, 506, and/or 508 (FIG. 5)) of a
brain (e.g., brain 510 (FIG. 5)) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG.
5)) in order to determine whether or not modifying the media asset
was successful in aligning the brain state of the user with the
threshold range. The media guidance application then returns to
step 1412.
[0266] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 14
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
14 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 14.
[0267] FIG. 15 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
changing a user device from one mode to another based on brain
activity. It should be noted that process 1500 or any step thereof,
could be provided by, any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4 and 6
in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)).
For example, process 1500 may be executed by control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4) any
of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6)
as instructed by the media guidance application while a user is
consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A),
display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200
(FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process 1500 may be
incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of any other
process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-14 and 18).
[0268] In some embodiments, the media guidance application (or a
user device upon which the media guidance application is
implemented) may manage power consumption of the user device based
on brain activity of a user. For example, the media guidance
application may operate in a plurality of modes each associated
with a power consumption and/or sensitivity level.
[0269] At step 1502, the media guidance application receives a user
request to monitor brain activity of a user with a user device, in
which the user device operates in a first mode and a second mode,
and wherein the first mode is associated with a first power
consumption level and the second mode is associated with a second
power consumption level. For example, the media guidance
application may receiving a user input (e.g., via user input
interface 310 (FIG. 3)) requesting that a user device (e.g., user
device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) operate in a first mode or a
second mode.
[0270] At step 1504, the media guidance application, in response to
the user request, monitors the brain activity of the user with the
user device in the first mode. For example, the media guidance
application may receive a user selection (e.g., of selectable
option 204 (FIG. 2)), initiating the monitoring the user's brain
activity. Upon initiation, the media guidance application may
operate in a first mode (e.g., as determined by PMU 318 (FIG.
3)).
[0271] At step 1506, the media guidance application, in response to
detecting the brain activity of the user does not correspond to a
threshold range, changes from the first mode to the second mode and
monitors the brain activity of the user with the user device in the
second mode.
[0272] For example, the media guidance application (or a user
device upon which the media guidance application is implemented)
may include a "sleep mode" (e.g., a lower powered/lower sensitivity
mode) that is initiated after prolong periods of similar brain
activity and/or repetitive brain activity cycles. For example, the
media guidance application may initiate the sleep mode in response
to determining that the brain activity of the user has dropped
below a first threshold range (e.g., associated with an awake
user). In another example, the media guidance application may
detect that the brain activity of the user exceeds a second
threshold range (e.g., associated with a sleeping user), and in
response, initiate an "active mode."
[0273] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 15
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
15 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 15.
[0274] FIG. 16 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
determining when to change a user device from one mode to another
based on brain activity. It should be noted that process 1600 or
any step thereof, could be provided by, any of the devices shown in
FIGS. 3-4 and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5)). For example, process 1600 may be executed by control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or
406 (FIG. 4) any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as
shown in FIG. 6) as instructed by the media guidance application
while a user is consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display
100 (FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or
display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process
1600 may be incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of
any other process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-15, 17 and 18).
[0275] At step 1602, the media guidance application monitors brain
activity of a user in a first mode. For example, the media guidance
application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may
receive data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3))
associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)) based on a power consumption
and/or sensitivity level of the first mode.
[0276] At step 1604, the media guidance application determines
whether or not a user input requesting a switch to a different mode
is received. For example, the media guidance application may
receive various inputs (e.g., via user input interface 310 (FIG.
3)) from a user. The media guidance application may receive a
request from a user to lower a current power consumption and/or
sensitivity level of a user device (e.g., user device 600, 630,
and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) in order to extend the life of an energy
storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g., user 500
(FIG. 5)) to activities of the monitoring component. Alternatively,
the media guidance application may receive a request from a user to
increase a current power consumption and/or sensitivity level of a
user device (e.g., user device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)) in
order to generate more accurate results and/or monitor a particular
region of the brain.
[0277] If the media guidance application receives a user input
request to switch to a different mode, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1616. If the media guidance
application does not receive a user request to switch to a
different mode, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1606.
[0278] At step 1606, the media guidance application determines
whether or not a third party instruction to switch to a different
mode is received. For example, the media guidance application
(e.g., implemented in user device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6))
may receive instructions (e.g., via I/O path 302 (FIG. 3)) for
particular modes the user device configured. For example, a remote
source (e.g., media guidance data source 418 (FIG. 4)) may
determine the particular brain activity and/or regions of the brain
that should be monitored. In such cases, the media guidance
application may need to operate in a particular mode.
[0279] If the media guidance application receives a third party
instruction to switch to a different mode, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1616. If the media guidance
application does not receive a third party instruction to switch to
a different mode, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1608.
[0280] At step 1608, the media guidance application determines
whether or not a change in the brain activity is detected. For
example, the media guidance application may detect a change (e.g.,
via monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)). If the media guidance
application does not detect a change, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1612. If the media guidance
application determines a change was detected, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1610 and determines if the change was
within the threshold range. For example, in some embodiments, the
media guidance application may allow for transient variations and
amplitudes as long as the variations and amplitudes are within a
threshold range. If the change is not within the threshold range,
the media guidance application proceeds to step 1616. If the change
is within the threshold range, the media guidance application
proceeds to step 1612.
[0281] At step 1612, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to automatically switch based on a lack of change in
brain activity is enabled. For example, a user may enable automatic
switching based on a lack of change in brain activity (e.g., via
user input interface 310 (FIG. 3)) in order to extend the life of
an energy storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g.,
user 500 (FIG. 5) to the activities of a monitoring component
(e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)). For example, a user may
request the media guidance application to engage a "sleep" mode
after determining that a user has maintained a particular threshold
range for a particular amount of time. For example, a user may be
sleeping, consuming a feature length media asset, and/or performing
another activity that does not require media guidance. If automatic
switching is not enabled, the media guidance application returns to
step 1602. If automatic switching is enabled, the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1614.
[0282] At step 1614, the media guidance application determines
whether or not there has been a lack of change in brain activity
during a threshold period of time. For example, the media guidance
application may automatically switch to a different mode, the media
guidance application does not detect (e.g., via monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) a change in the brain activity of the user
during a particular amount of time.
[0283] In some embodiments, the media guidance may select the
particular amount of time constituting the threshold period of time
based on instructions received from storage 308 (FIG. 3).
Alternatively or additionally, the media guidance application
(e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive
instructions from a remote source (e.g., any location accessible
via communications network 414 (FIG. 4)). The media guidance
application may also receive a user input (e.g., via user input
interface 310 (FIG. 3)) customizing the threshold period of time.
If the media guidance application determines that there has been a
change in brain activity within the threshold period of time, the
media guidance application returns to step 1602. If the media
guidance application determines that there has not been a change
within the threshold period of time, the media guidance application
proceeds to step 1616 and switches to a second mode.
[0284] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 16
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
16 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 16.
[0285] FIG. 17 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
halting the monitoring of brain activity in based on brain activity
of a user. It should be noted that process 1700 or any step thereof
could be provided by any of the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4 and 6 in
response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5)). For
example, process 1700 may be executed by control circuitry 304
(FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4) any
of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6)
as instructed by the media guidance application while a user is
consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display 100 (FIG. 1A),
display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or display 200
(FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process 1700 may be
incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of any other
process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-16 and 18).
[0286] At step 1702, the media guidance application receives a user
request to monitor the brain activity of the user with a user
device. For example, in some embodiments, the media guidance
application may perform various media guidance application
operations (e.g., as discussed above) based on a user achieving (or
varying from) a particular brain state. In order to enable
performing the various media guidance operations based on the brain
activity of the user, the media guidance application may first need
to be activated.
[0287] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
receive a user input (e.g., via user input interface 310 (FIG. 3))
indicating that the user would like to initiate brain activity
monitoring. In some embodiments, the user input may power on the
user device, and/or in some embodiments, the user input may adjust
the mode of the user device (e.g., as discussed above).
[0288] At step 1704, the media guidance application monitors the
brain activity of the user. For example, the media guidance
application (e.g., implemented on user device 300 (FIG. 3)) may
receive data (e.g., from monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3))
associated with the brain activity (e.g., the current frequency
range of voltage fluctuations in the brain and/or electrical
activity of muscles near the brain at rest and during contraction)
of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5))).
[0289] In some embodiments, the media guidance application may
continuously monitor the brain activity of a user using an EEG,
EMG, or a suitable device for monitoring brain waves (e.g.,
incorporated as a sub-component of monitoring component 316 (FIG.
3)). Alternatively, the media guidance application may periodically
poll the brain activity of a user (e.g., on a predetermined
schedule and/or in response to a user input (e.g., selecting
selectable option 204 (FIG. 2)).
[0290] At step 1706, the media guidance application compares the
brain activity of the user to a threshold range. For example, the
media guidance application may retrieve a threshold range, which if
detected causes the media guidance application to issue
instructions (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) to perform
one or more actions (e.g., powering off the user device, adjusting
the current mode of the user device, performing a media guidance
application operation, etc.).
[0291] In some embodiments, the threshold range may depend on the
user (e.g., based on information in a user profile), and/or may be
based on the particular action to be performed (e.g., each media
guidance application operation may be associated with a unique
threshold range), based on information received from a remote
(e.g., an industry standard threshold range) or local source (e.g.,
storage 308 (FIG. 3)), etc.
[0292] To compare the brain activity of the user to the threshold
range, the media guidance application may first identify a brain
state corresponding to the brain activity of the user. The brain
state may correspond to the average frequencies and amplitudes of
brain waves in the brain of a user. For example, a brain state may
be associated with the average frequencies and amplitudes of brain
activity of a user over a period of time (e.g., 5 seconds). For
example, if the threshold range over the period of time includes an
average frequency of 4 Hz and an amplitude of 15 microvolts (e.g.,
as determined by processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)), and the brain
activity of the user averages a frequency of 5 Hz and/or 10
microvolts over the period of time, the media guidance application
may determine that the brain activity and/or brain state does not
correspond to the threshold range. In another example, the
threshold range may be associated with frequencies between 3-5 Hz
and amplitudes of between 10-20 microvolts. In response to
determining that the brain activity of a user does not have
frequencies between 3-5 Hz and/or amplitudes between 10-20
microvolts (e.g., as determined by processing circuitry 306 (FIG.
3)), the media guidance application may determine that the brain
activity and/or brain state does not correspond to a threshold
range.
[0293] For example, as shown in FIG. 19, within minutes of a user
falling asleep the brain activity of the user (e.g., the amplitudes
associated with different frequencies) may decrease dramatically.
FIG. 19 shows a percent decrease in the amplitudes of various
frequency bands one minute after a user closed his eyes and began
resting. As shown in FIG. 19, certain frequency bands may
experience dramatic changes as a user engages in different
behaviors. Accordingly, the media guidance application (e.g., via
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) may detect these changes and
compare the changes (or the brain activity after the changes) to
the threshold range). For example, as a user falls asleep, the
media guidance application may determine that the brain activity of
the user no longer corresponds to a threshold range associated with
a user being awake.
[0294] In another example, an EMG (e.g., incorporated into a
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) may determine that the muscles
near the brain (e.g., associated with the blinking of the eyes)
showed a decrease of eye blinks from every two or three seconds to
about one blink per minute. In such cases, the threshold range may
be expressed in terms of electrical activity in the muscles near
the brain and/or the number of eye blinks over a particular period
of time.
[0295] At step 1708, the media guidance application in response to
determining that the brain activity of the user does not correspond
to the threshold range based on the comparison, instructs the user
device to cease monitoring the brain activity of the user. For
example, the media guidance application may trigger (e.g., via
control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) various modes for monitoring brain
activity, in which each mode is associated with a different power
consumption level and/or sensitivity level (e.g., as discussed
above with regard to FIGS. 15-16). One such mode may correspond to
the user device (e.g., user device 300 (FIG. 3)) being powered-off.
For example, the media guidance application (e.g., via control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may induce different modes of a monitoring
component (e.g., monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) in response to
instructions and/or information received from a power management
unit (e.g., PMU 318 (FIG. 3)) in order to extend the life of an
energy storage device or limit the exposure of a user (e.g., user
500 (FIG. 5)) to activities of the monitoring component. In some
embodiments, the power consumption and/or sensitivity level may be
associated with being monitored for a particular brain state. For
example, if monitoring of the particular brain state requires a
lower (or no) degree of sensitivity, the media guidance application
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) may instruct PMU 318
(FIG. 3) to switch to a mode corresponding to a lower level of
sensitivity and/or power consumption level.
[0296] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 17
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
17 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 17.
[0297] FIG. 18 is a flow-chart of illustrative steps involved in
performing a media guidance application operation based on brain
activity of a user. It should be noted that process 1800 or any
step thereof could be provided by any of the devices shown in FIGS.
3-4 and 6 in response to brain activity of a user (e.g., user 500
(FIG. 5)). For example, process 1800 may be executed by control
circuitry 304 (FIG. 3) on user equipment device 402, 404, and/or
406 (FIG. 4) any of which may be configured as headwear (e.g., as
shown in FIG. 6) as instructed by the media guidance application
while a user is consuming media content (e.g., displayed on display
100 (FIG. 1A), display 130 (FIG. 1B), display 150 (FIG. 1C), and/or
display 200 (FIG. 2)). In addition, one or more steps of process
1800 may be incorporated into or combined with one or more steps of
any other process (e.g. as described in FIGS. 7-17).
[0298] It is contemplated that the steps or descriptions of FIG. 18
may be used with any other embodiment of this disclosure. In
addition, the steps and descriptions described in relation to FIG.
18 may be done in alternative orders or in parallel to further the
purposes of this disclosure. For example, each of these steps may
be performed in any order or in parallel or substantially
simultaneously to reduce lag or increase the speed of the system or
method. Furthermore, it should be noted that any of the devices or
equipment discussed in relation to FIGS. 3-4 and 6 could be used to
perform one of more of the steps in FIG. 18.
[0299] At step 1802, the media guidance application monitors the
brain activity of a user using a user device. For example, in some
embodiments, step 1802 may correspond to step 1704 (FIG. 17). For
example, the media guidance application (e.g., implemented on user
device 300 (FIG. 3)) may receive data (e.g., from monitoring
component 316 (FIG. 3)) associated with the brain activity (e.g.,
the current frequency range of voltage fluctuations in the brain
and/or electrical activity of muscles near the brain at rest and
during contraction) of a user (e.g., user 500 (FIG. 5))).
[0300] At step 1804, the media guidance application determines a
brain state of the user. For example, the media guidance
application may receive data from a monitoring component (e.g.,
monitoring component 316 (FIG. 3)) incorporated into and/or in
communication with (e.g., via communications network 414 (FIG. 4) a
user device (e.g., user device 300 (FIG. 3) and/or user equipment
device 402, 404, and/or 406 (FIG. 4)) upon which the media guidance
application is implemented. The media guidance application may
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) process that data to
determine a brain state that corresponds with the retrieved data.
For example, the receiving data may correspond to a particular
frequency range and/or electrical activity of the muscles near a
particular region (e.g., frontal lobe 512 (FIG. 5)) of a brain
(e.g., brain 510 (FIG. 5)) of the user.
[0301] At step 1806, the media guidance application determines
whether or not the brain state corresponds to the threshold range.
For example, in some embodiments, step 1806 may correspond to step
1706 (FIG. 17). To determine whether or not the brain state
corresponds to the threshold range, the media guidance application
(e.g., via processing circuitry 306 (FIG. 3)) may determine whether
or not the bounds and/or values associated with the brain state are
within the bounds and/or values associated with the threshold
range.
[0302] If the media guidance application determines that the brain
state does correspond to the threshold range, the media guidance
application returns to step 1802. If the media guidance application
determines that the brain state does not correspond to the
threshold range, the media guidance application proceeds to step
1808.
[0303] At step 1808, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to perform a media guidance application operation.
For example, in some embodiments, the media guidance application
may issue instructions (e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3))
to perform one or more media guidance application operations (e.g.,
record and/or pause a currently presented media asset, lower the
volume of a display device, etc.). For example, if the media
guidance application determines that a user has fallen asleep
(e.g., the brain state of a user no longer corresponds to the
threshold range associate with an awake user), the media guidance
application may record and/or pause the media asset. In another
example, the media guidance application may additionally or
alternatively lower the volume of the display device and/or set an
alarm/reminder for when a user needs to wake up.
[0304] If the media guidance application determined to perform one
or more media guidance application operations the media guidance
application proceeds to step 1810 and performs the media guidance
application before proceeding to step 1812. If the media guidance
application determines not to perform the media guidance
application operation the media guidance application proceeds to
step 1812 without performing any media guidance application
operation.
[0305] At step 1812, the media guidance application determines
whether or not to deactivate the user device. For example, in some
embodiments, the media guidance application may issue instructions
(e.g., via control circuitry 304 (FIG. 3)) to power off the user
device and/or change the user device to a different mode (e.g.,
corresponding to a different power consumption level). For example,
if the media guidance application determines that a user has fallen
asleep (e.g., the brain state of a user no longer corresponds to
the threshold range associated with an awake user), the media
guidance application may turn off the user device (e.g., user
device 600, 630, and/or 660 (FIG. 6)).
[0306] If the media guidance application determines to deactivate
the user device the media guidance application proceeds to step
1814 and deactivates the user device. If the media guidance
application determines not to deactivate the user device, the media
guidance application returns to step 1802. For example, the media
guidance application may determine to adjust the power consumption
level of the user device (e.g., as described in FIGS. 15-16) to a
different mode rather that deactivate the user device.
[0307] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure
are presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation,
and the present disclosure is limited only by the claims which
follow. Furthermore, it should be noted that the features and
limitations described in any one embodiment may be applied to any
other embodiment herein, and flowcharts or examples relating to one
embodiment may be combined with any other embodiment in a suitable
manner, done in different orders, or done in parallel. In addition,
the systems and methods described herein may be performed in
real-time. It should also be noted, the systems and/or methods
described above may be applied to, or used in accordance with,
other systems and/or methods.
* * * * *
References