U.S. patent application number 13/714983 was filed with the patent office on 2014-06-19 for heat exchanger tank with flow elements.
This patent application is currently assigned to VISTEON GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is VISTEON GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.. Invention is credited to Lakhi Goenka, Mark Hatzung, Chris Shaw.
Application Number | 20140166249 13/714983 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50929584 |
Filed Date | 2014-06-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140166249 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Goenka; Lakhi ; et
al. |
June 19, 2014 |
HEAT EXCHANGER TANK WITH FLOW ELEMENTS
Abstract
A heat exchanger configured to condition a flow of fluid
therein. The heat exchanger includes a first tank, a second tank,
and a conditioning assembly having a plurality of tubular elements
extending between the first tank and the second tank. The first
tank includes a hollow interior, an inlet, and a flow element
formed in the hollow interior, wherein a plane generally defined by
the flow element is substantially orthogonal to a plane generally
defined by inlet openings of the tubular elements, and wherein the
flow element includes a first end which curves away from the inlet
in respect to a general direction of flow of the fluid entering the
tank to manipulate the direction of flow of the fluid.
Inventors: |
Goenka; Lakhi; (Ann Arbor,
MI) ; Shaw; Chris; (Windsor, CA) ; Hatzung;
Mark; (Wayne, MI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
VISTEON GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
Van Buren Twp. |
MI |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
VISTEON GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES,
INC.
Van Buren Twp.
MI
|
Family ID: |
50929584 |
Appl. No.: |
13/714983 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/148 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28D 1/05366 20130101;
F28F 2009/029 20130101; F28D 2021/0094 20130101; F28F 9/0268
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/148 |
International
Class: |
F28D 1/06 20060101
F28D001/06 |
Claims
1. A heat exchanger, comprising: a conditioning assembly including
a plurality of tubular elements configured to receive a flow of a
fluid therein; and a tank coupled to the conditioning assembly, the
tank including a hollow interior and at least one flow element
formed in the hollow interior, wherein at least one plane generally
defined by the at least one flow element is substantially
orthogonal to a plane generally defined by inlet openings of the
tubular elements.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein an end of the at least
one flow element one of extends into an inlet of the tank, abuts an
inner surface which defines an opening of the inlet of the tank,
and is spaced apart from the inlet of the tank.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the tank includes a
plurality of the flow elements extending from an inlet of the tank
into the hollow interior towards at least one of a first end and a
second end of the tank.
4. The heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein the flow elements are
uniformly spaced apart.
5. The heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein a ratio of a distance
between the flow elements to a chord length of at least one of the
flow elements is less than about 0.2.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein a chord length of one of
the flow elements is substantially equal to a chord length of
another one of the flow elements.
7. The heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein a chord length of one of
the flow elements adjacent a wall of the tank is greater than a
chord length of another one of the flow elements adjacent an
opposing wall of the tank.
8. A heat exchanger, comprising: a conditioning assembly configured
to condition a fluid flowing therethrough; and a tank coupled to
the conditioning assembly, the tank including a hollow interior, an
inlet, and at least one flow element formed therein, wherein the at
least one flow element includes a first end and a second end, and
wherein the first end curves away from the inlet in respect of a
general direction of flow of the fluid entering the tank to
manipulate the direction of flow of the fluid.
9. The heat exchanger of claim 8, wherein the first end of the at
least one flow element one of extends into the inlet of the tank,
abuts an inner surface which defines an opening of the inlet of the
tank, and is spaced apart from the inlet of the tank.
10. The heat exchanger of claim 8, wherein the tank includes a
plurality of the flow elements extending from the inlet of the tank
into the hollow interior towards at least one of a first end and a
second end of the tank.
11. The heat exchanger of claim 10, wherein the flow elements are
uniformly spaced apart.
12. The heat exchanger of claim 10, wherein a ratio of a distance
between the flow elements to a chord length of at least one of the
flow elements is less than about 0.2.
13. The heat exchanger of claim 10, wherein a chord length of one
of the flow elements is substantially equal to a chord length of
another one of the flow elements.
14. The heat exchanger of claim 10, wherein a chord length of one
of the flow elements adjacent a wall of the tank is greater than a
chord length of another one of the flow elements adjacent an
opposing wall of the tank.
15. A heat exchanger, comprising: a conditioning assembly
configured to condition a fluid flowing therethrough; and a tank
coupled to the conditioning assembly, the tank including an inlet,
a first end, a second end, and a plurality of flow elements formed
therein, wherein one of the flow elements extends from the inlet
towards the first end of the tank and another one of the flow
elements extends from the inlet towards the second end of the
tank.
16. The heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein an end of at least one
of the flow elements one of extends into the inlet of the tank,
abuts an inner surface which defines an opening of the inlet of the
tank, and is spaced apart from the inlet of the tank.
17. The heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein the flow elements are
uniformly spaced apart.
18. The heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein a ratio of a distance
between the flow elements to a chord length of at least one of the
flow elements is less than about 0.2.
19. The heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein a chord length of one
of the flow elements is substantially equal to a chord length of
another one of the flow elements.
20. The heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein a chord length of one
of the flow elements adjacent a wall of the tank is greater than a
chord length of another one of the flow elements adjacent an
opposing wall of the tank.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates generally to a heat exchanger
and, more particularly, to a radiator tank with turning vanes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Conventional radiators are usually provided with a cooling
portion in which a radiator liquid is cooled, and two collection
tanks which are connected to the cooling portion at opposite ends.
The first collection tank receives the hot radiator liquid before
it is led into the cooling portion. The second collection tank
receives the radiator liquid after it has passed through the
cooling portion. The cooling portion usually includes a plurality
of tubular elements arranged in parallel which lead the radiator
liquid between the tanks. Surrounding air flows in spaces between
the tubular elements so that the radiator liquid is subjected to
cooling within the tubular elements. Heat transfer elements of
various kinds, e.g. in the form of thin folded fins, are usually
arranged in the spaces between the tubular elements to provide an
increased contact surface with the air which flows in the spaces
between the tubular elements. The tubular elements and the heat
transfer elements may be made of metals such as aluminum, copper,
brass and magnesium or other materials which have desirable
heat-conducting characteristics. Conventional collection tanks are
usually made of injection-molded plastic material.
[0003] One drawback of such conventional radiators is poor heat
exchange efficiency. Typically, the hot radiator liquid is
introduced into an end of the first collection tank through an
inlet and a flow momentum causes the hot radiator liquid to contact
a back wall of the first collection tank. The back wall directs the
radiator liquid downward causing the tubular elements adjacent the
inlet to receive the hot radiator liquid which leads to difficultly
in introduction of the hot radiator liquid into the tubular
elements adjacent an opposite end of the first collection tank,
especially during a cold start up. Such non-uniform distribution of
the hot radiator liquid can cause the tubular elements adjacent the
opposite end of the first collection tank to become obstructed by
an accumulation of the radiator liquid therein resulting from a
lack of use. As a result, severe thermal stresses which can
potentially damage the tubular elements adjacent the opposite end
of the first collection tank may occur.
[0004] It would be desirable to produce a radiator which is
configured to substantially uniformly distribute a radiator liquid,
wherein a structural complexity and a package size thereof are
minimized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In concordance and agreement with the present disclosure, a
radiator which is configured to substantially uniformly distribute
a radiator liquid, wherein a structural complexity and a package
size thereof are minimized, has surprisingly been discovered.
[0006] In one embodiment, a heat exchanger, comprises: a
conditioning assembly including a plurality of tubular elements
configured to receive a flow of a fluid therein; and a tank coupled
to the conditioning assembly, the tank including a hollow interior
and at least one flow element formed in the hollow interior,
wherein at least one plane generally defined by the at least one
flow element is substantially orthogonal to a plane generally
defined by inlet openings of the tubular elements.
[0007] In another embodiment, a heat exchanger, comprises: a
conditioning assembly configured to condition a fluid flowing
therethrough; and a tank coupled to the conditioning assembly, the
tank including a hollow interior, an inlet, and at least one flow
element formed therein, wherein the at least one flow element
includes a first end and a second end, and wherein the first end
curves away from the inlet in respect of a general direction of
flow of the fluid entering the tank to manipulate the direction of
flow of the fluid.
[0008] In a further embodiment, a heat exchanger, comprises: a
conditioning assembly configured to condition a fluid flowing
therethrough; and a tank coupled to the conditioning assembly, the
tank including an inlet, a first end, a second end, and a plurality
of flow elements formed therein, wherein one of the flow elements
extends from the inlet towards the first end of the tank and
another one of the flow elements extends from the inlet towards the
second end of the tank.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The above, as well as other objects and advantages of the
invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art
from a reading the following detailed description of the invention
when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings in
which:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a heat exchanger of
the present invention including a first tank, a second tank, and
conditioning assembly;
[0011] FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the first tank illustrated
in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the first tank illustrated
in FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the present
invention;
[0013] FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the first tank illustrated
in FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention;
and
[0014] FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the first tank illustrated
in FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The following detailed description and appended drawings
describe and illustrate various exemplary embodiments of the
invention. The description and drawings serve to enable one skilled
in the art to make and use the invention, and are not intended to
limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
[0016] FIG. 1 depicts a heat exchanger 10 according to the present
invention. The heat exchanger 10 shown is a radiator to be used in
a vehicle (not shown). The heat exchanger 10 conditions a first
fluid (i.e. a radiator liquid), which circulates in a
fluid-conditioning system (not shown), using a second fluid (i.e.
surrounding air). The fluid-conditioning system may used to cool an
engine (not shown) which powers the vehicle. Those skilled in the
art will appreciate that the heat exchanger 10 can be used in
various other fluid-conditioning systems, e.g. heating systems,
cooling systems, and combination heating/cooling systems, related
and unrelated to vehicle applications.
[0017] The heat exchanger 10 includes a first tank 12, a second
tank 14, and a conditioning assembly 16 which extends between the
first tank 12 and the second tank 14. As illustrated, the first
tank 12 has a gradually decreasing cross-sectional flow area in
respect of a direction of flow of the first fluid therethrough, and
the second tank 14 has a gradually increasing cross-sectional flow
area in respect of the direction of flow of the first fluid
therethrough. It is understood, however, that the first tank 12 and
the second tank 14 can have any shape and configuration as desired.
Each of the first tank 12 and the second tank 14 can be formed from
any material and by any process as desired. In certain embodiments,
the first tank 12 and the second tank 14 are formed by
injection-molding a plastic material. In other embodiments, the
first tank 12 may be formed from a material of sufficient strength
so that a wall thickness of the first tank 12 can be minimized,
thereby enhancing heat transfer between the first fluid in the
first tank 12 and the second fluid. For example, the first tank 12
can be formed from aluminum, which is a material with desirable
heat-conducting characteristics and sufficient strength
characteristics. Various other materials can be used to form the
first tank 12 and the second tank 14 if desired.
[0018] An inlet 18 of the first tank 12 is in fluid communication
with the fluid-conditioning system and receives the first fluid
which has been heated by an external component (i.e. the engine)
thereof. The heated first fluid is received in the first tank 12,
from which it flows into the conditioning assembly 16. The
conditioning assembly 16 shown includes a plurality of tubular
elements 20 extending between the first tank 12 and the second tank
14. An inlet opening (not shown) and an outlet opening (not shown)
of each of the tubular elements 20 is fluidly connected to the
first tank 12 and the second tank 14, respectively. The tubular
elements 20 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart at
substantially equal distances so that substantially constant gaps
22 are formed between adjacent tubular elements 20.
[0019] The second fluid flows through the gaps 22 between the
tubular elements 20 to cool the heated first fluid flowing through
tubular elements 20. The flow of the second fluid through the
conditioning assembly 16 may be caused by a movement of the vehicle
and/or by a device which causes the second fluid to flow through
the conditioning assembly 16 of the heat exchanger 10, for example.
In certain embodiments, the gaps 22 may be provided with at least
one heat transfer element 24. Various heat transfer elements 24 can
be employed such as thin folded metal elements or fins, for
example. The heat transfer elements 24 are arranged to abut the
tubular elements 20, thereby increasing a contact surface of the
tubular elements 20 with the second fluid to maximize a heat
transfer from the first fluid to the second fluid. Each of the
tubular elements 20 and the heat transfer elements 24 can be formed
from any suitable material such as a metal (e. g. aluminum, copper,
brass, magnesium, etc.) or other materials which have desired
heat-conducting characteristics. The second tank 14 receives the
cooled first fluid from the respective tubular elements 20 of the
conditioning assembly 16, after which the cooled first fluid is
discharged from the second tank 14 to the fluid-conditioning system
via an outlet 26.
[0020] In certain embodiments, at least one of the first tank 12
and the second tank 14 has a plurality of spaced apart protruding
material portions 28. The protruding material portions 28 are
formed on an outer surface of the tanks 12, 14 and spaced apart at
substantially constant distances from one another. The protruding
material portions 28 may have any suitable shape and size as
desired. The protruding material portions 28 provide increased
contact surface with a portion of the second fluid which flows
around the tanks 12, 14. As a result, the heated first fluid
undergoes a moderate first step of cooling within the first tank 12
before it flows into the conditioning assembly 16.
[0021] FIGS. 1-2 show the first tank 12 according to an embodiment
of the invention. The first tank 12 includes a first end 46 and a
second end 48. A pair of spaced apart flow elements 30 is arranged
within the first tank 12. Additional or fewer flow elements 30 than
shown can be employed in the first tank 12 if desired. Although the
flow elements 30 shown are substantially uniformly spaced apart
from each other, it is understood that the flow elements 30 can be
non-uniformly spaced apart if desired. The flow elements 30 extend
substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first tank 12
from the inlet 18 into a hollow interior of the first tank 12
towards the second end 48 of the first tank 12. As illustrated,
each plane generally defined by each one of the flow elements 30 is
substantially orthogonal to a plane generally defined by the inlet
openings of the tubular elements 20 of the conditioning assembly
16. It is understood, however, that each plane generally defined by
each one of the flow elements 30 can be substantially parallel to
the plane generally defined by the inlet openings of the tubular
elements 20 of the conditioning assembly 16 if desired. The flow
elements 30 direct portions of the first fluid from the inlet 18
along flow paths 36a, 36b, 36c. The flow paths 36a, 36b, 36c are
defined by the flow elements 30 and an inner surface 38 of the
first tank 12. In certain embodiments, the flow elements 30 extend
across an opening of the inlet 18 (shown in FIG. 1). In other
embodiments, the flow elements 30 are spaced from the inlet
openings of the tubular elements 20 to allow the portions of the
first fluid to mix within the hollow interior of the first tank 12
before flowing into the tubular elements 20.
[0022] Each of the flow elements 30 has a first end 40 and a second
end 42. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first end 40 of the flow
elements 30 is spaced from an opening of the inlet 18 which leads
into the hollow interior of the first tank 12. Spacing the first
end 40 of the flow elements 30 from the opening of the inlet 18
allows the incoming first fluid to enter the hollow interior of the
first tank 12 before being directed into the flow paths 36a, 36b,
36c by the flow elements 30, as well as allows the opening of the
inlet 18 to have a radius (not shown) formed thereon which enhances
a distribution of flow of the first fluid into the hollow interior
of the first tank 12. It is understood that the first end 40 of the
flow elements 30 may be formed to abut an inner surface which
defines the opening of the inlet 18 or extend through the opening
into a passageway of the inlet 18 (as shown in FIGS. 3-5) if
desired.
[0023] The first end 40 of the flow elements 30 is gradually curved
away from the inlet 18 to manipulate a direction of flow of the
first fluid entering the hollow interior of the first tank 12,
while minimizing interference with the flow of the first fluid
through the first tank 12. As illustrated, the flow elements 30 are
configured so that the first fluid contacts a concave surface of
the first end 50 in respect to the general direction of flow of the
first fluid entering the hollow interior of the first tank 12 to
manipulate the direction of flow of the first fluid. Each of the
first end 40 and the second end 42 may also include a radius to
further minimize interference with the flow of the first fluid
through the first tank 12.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the shape, size, and positioning of
the flow elements 30 are such that a ratio (hereinafter "gap-chord
ratio") of a distance D1 between the flow elements 30 to a chord
length extending between point A and point B of each of the
respective flow elements 30 is less than about 0.2. A gap-chord
ratio of less than about 0.2 has been found to facilitate
sufficient manipulation of the direction of flow of the first fluid
entering the hollow interior of the first tank 12, ensuring that at
least a portion of the first fluid travels from the first end 46 of
the first tank 12 along the flow paths 36a, 36b, 36c to the second
end 48 of the first tank 12. As such, the first fluid is
substantially uniformly distributed into the tubular elements 20 of
the conditioning assembly 16, which minimizes the potential for the
tubular elements 20 adjacent the second end 48 of the first tank 12
to become obstructed, especially during start up transients. As
illustrated, the flow elements 30 have substantially equal chord
lengths.
[0025] The flow elements 30 shown are integrally formed with a wall
50 of the first tank 12. However, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that the flow elements 30 can be separately formed from
the wall 50 of the first tank 12 if desired. In certain
embodiments, the flow elements 30 are formed in the first tank 12
during an injection-molding forming process of the first tank 12.
Accordingly, a thickness of each of the flow elements 30 may be
tapered (i.e. about 0.5 degrees) from an outer edge 52 thereof to
the wall 50 of the first tank 12 to allow for retraction of a
molding tool during manufacture of the first tank 12. It is
understood, however, that the thickness of each of the flow
elements 30 can be substantially constant from the outer edge 52 to
the wall 50 if desired. It is further understood that the thickness
of each of the flow elements 30 may be any suitable thickness to
militate against damage and/or breakage of the flow elements 30.
Each of the flow elements 30 may also be formed from a material
with desirable heat-conducting characteristics to further enhance
heat transfer between the first fluid and the second fluid. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate that the flow elements 30 can be
formed from any material and by any suitable process as
desired.
[0026] FIG. 3 shows a first tank 12' according to another
embodiment of the invention. Reference numerals for similar
structure in respect of the description of FIGS. 1-2 are repeated
in FIG. 3 with a prime (') symbol. The first tank 12' is
substantially similar to the first tank 12 shown in FIGS. 1-2
except that the chord lengths of the flow elements 30' are
different. As illustrated, the chord length extending between point
A and point B of the flow element 30' adjacent a wall 54 of the
first tank 12' is greater than the chord length extending between
point A and point B of the flow element 30' adjacent an opposing
wall 55 of the first tank 12'. As such, the first fluid is caused
to travel along the flow path 36c' further into the hollow interior
of the first tank 12', ensuring that at least a portion of the
first fluid reaches the tubular elements 20 at a second end 48' of
the first tank 12'. Accordingly, the first fluid is substantially
uniformly distributed into the tubular elements 20 of the
conditioning assembly 16, which minimizes the potential for the
tubular elements 20 adjacent the second end 48' of the first tank
12' to become obstructed, especially during start up
transients.
[0027] FIG. 4 shows a first tank 12'' according to another
embodiment of the invention. Reference numerals for similar
structure in respect of the description of FIGS. 1-3 are repeated
in FIG. 4 with a double prime ('') symbol. The first tank 12'' is
substantially similar to the first tanks 12, 12' shown in FIGS. 1-2
and 3, respectively, except that the first tank 12'' includes three
flow elements 30'' formed therein. The flow elements 30''
facilitate sufficient manipulation of the direction of flow of the
first fluid entering the hollow interior of the first tank 12'',
ensuring that at least a portion of the first fluid travels from a
first end 46'' of the first tank 12'' along flow paths 56a, 56b,
56c, 56d to a second end 48'' of the first tank 12''. It is
understood that the flow elements 30'' can have any shape, size,
and positioning so as to ensure that the first fluid is
substantially uniformly distributed into the tubular elements 20 of
the conditioning assembly 16, and thereby minimize the potential
for the tubular elements 20 adjacent the second end 48'' of the
first tank 12'' to become obstructed, especially during start up
transients.
[0028] FIG. 5 shows a first tank 12''' according to yet another
embodiment of the invention. Reference numerals for similar
structure in respect of the description of FIGS. 1-4 are repeated
in FIG. 5 with a triple prime (''') symbol. The first tank 12''' is
substantially similar to the first tanks 12, 12', 12'' shown in
FIGS. 1-2, 3, and 4, respectively, except that an inlet 18''' is
formed intermediate a first end 46''' and a second end 48''' of the
first tank 12''' and the flow elements 62, 64, 66 have an alternate
configuration.
[0029] The spaced apart flow elements 62, 64, 66 are arranged
within the first tank 12'''. Additional or fewer flow elements than
shown can be employed in the first tank 12''' if desired. As
illustrated, the flow element 62 extends substantially parallel to
a longitudinal axis of the first tank 12''' from the inlet 18'''
into the hollow interior of the first tank 12''' towards a first
end 46''' thereof. On the other hand, the flow elements 64, 66
extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first
tank 12''' from the inlet 18''' into the hollow interior of the
first tank 12''' towards a second end 48''' thereof. As
illustrated, each plane generally defined by each one of the flow
elements 62, 64, 66 is substantially orthogonal to a plane
generally defined by the inlet openings of the tubular elements 20
of the conditioning assembly 16. It is understood, however, that
each plane generally defined by each one of the flow elements 62,
64, 66 can be substantially parallel to the plane generally defined
by the inlet openings of the tubular elements 20 of the
conditioning assembly 16 if desired. The flow element 62 directs
portions of the first fluid from the inlet 18''' along flow paths
68a, 68b and the flow elements 64, 66 direct portions of the first
fluid from the inlet 18''' along flow paths 68c, 68d, 68e. The flow
paths 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d, 68e are defined by the flow elements 62,
64, 66 and an inner surface 38''' of the first tank 12'''. In
certain embodiments, the flow elements 62, 64, 66 extend across an
opening of the inlet 18'''. In other embodiments, the flow elements
62, 64, 66 are spaced from the inlet openings of the tubular
elements 20 to allow the portions of the first fluid to mix within
the hollow interior of the first tank 12''' before flowing into the
tubular elements 20.
[0030] Each of the flow elements 62, 64, 66 has a first end 70 and
a second end 72. As shown, the first end 70 of the flow elements
62, 64, 66 may be formed to abut an inner surface which defines an
opening of the inlet 18''' that leads into the hollow interior of
the first tank 12''' or extend through the opening into a
passageway of the inlet 18'''. However, it is also contemplated
that the first end 70 of the flow elements 30 may be spaced from
the opening of the inlet 18''' which leads into the hollow interior
of the first tank 12'''. Spacing the first end 70 of the flow
elements 62, 64, 66 from the opening of the inlet 18''' allows the
incoming first fluid to enter the hollow interior of the first tank
12''' before being directed into the flow paths 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d,
68e by the flow elements 62, 64, 66, as well as allows the inner
surface which defines the opening of the inlet 18''' to have a
radius (not shown) formed thereon which enhances a distribution of
flow of the first fluid into the hollow interior of the first tank
12'''.
[0031] The first end 70 of the flow elements 62, 64, 66 is
gradually curved away from the inlet 18''' to manipulate a
direction of flow of the first fluid entering the hollow interior
of the first tank 12''', while minimizing interference with the
flow of the first fluid through the first tank 12'''. As
illustrated, the flow elements 62, 64, 66 are configured so that
the first fluid contacts a concave surface of the first end 70 in
respect to the general direction of flow of the first fluid
entering the hollow interior of the first tank 12''' to manipulate
the direction of flow of the first fluid. Each of the first end 70
and the second end 72 may also include a radius to further minimize
interference with the flow of the first fluid through the first
tank 12'''.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the shape, size, and positioning of
the flow elements 62, 64, 66 are such that at least one of a
gap-chord ratio of a distance D4 between the flow elements 62, 64
to a chord length extending between point A and point B of the flow
element 62; a gap-chord ratio of the distance D4 between the flow
elements 62, 64 to a chord length extending between point A and
point B of the flow element 64; a gap-chord ratio of a distance D7
between the flow elements 64, 66 to the chord length extending
between point A and point B of the flow element 64; and a gap-chord
ratio of the distance D7 between the flow elements 64, 66 to a
chord length extending between point A and point B of the flow
element 66, is less than about 0.2. A gap-chord ratio of less than
about 0.2 has been found to facilitate sufficient manipulation of
the direction of flow of the first fluid entering the hollow
interior of the first tank 12''', ensuring that the flow of the
first fluid travels from the inlet 18''' to the first end 46''' of
the first tank 12''' along the flow paths 68a, 68b, and from the
inlet 18''' to the second end 48''' of the first tank 12''' along
the flow paths 68c, 68d, 68e. As such, the first fluid is
substantially uniformly distributed into the tubular elements 20 of
the conditioning assembly 16, which minimizes the potential for the
tubular elements 20 adjacent either the first end 46''' or the
second end 48''' of the first tank 12''' to become obstructed,
especially during start up transients. As illustrated, the flow
elements 62, 64 have substantially equal chord lengths and the flow
element 66 has a greater chord length than the flow elements 62,
64. It is understood, however, that the chord lengths of the flow
elements 62, 64, 66 can be any suitable length to sufficiently
manipulate the direction of flow of the first fluid entering the
first tank 12''' and substantially uniformly distribute the first
fluid into the tubular elements 20 of the conditioning assembly
16.
[0033] The flow elements 62, 64, 66 shown are integrally formed
with a wall 50''' of the first tank 12'''. However, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that the flow elements 62, 64, 66 can be
separately formed from the wall 50''' of the first tank 12''' if
desired. In certain embodiments, the flow elements 62, 64, 66 are
formed in the first tank 12''' during an injection-molding forming
process of the first tank 12'''. Accordingly, a thickness of each
of the flow elements 62, 64, 66 may be tapered (i.e. about 0.5
degrees) from an outer edge 76 thereof to the wall 50''' of the
first tank 12''' to allow for retraction of a molding tool during
manufacture of the first tank 12'''. It is understood, however,
that the thickness of each of the flow elements 62, 64, 66 can be
substantially constant from the outer edge 76 to the wall 50''' if
desired. It is further understood that the thickness of each of the
flow elements 62, 64, 66 may be any suitable thickness to militate
against damage and/or breakage of the flow elements 62, 64, 66.
Each of the flow elements 62, 64, 66 may also be formed from a
material with desirable heat-conducting characteristics to further
enhance heat transfer between the first fluid and the second fluid.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the flow elements 62,
64, 66 can be formed from any material and by any suitable process
as desired.
[0034] Operation of the heat exchanger 10 including the first tank
12 shown in FIGS. 1-2 is substantially similar to an operation of
the heat exchanger including the first tanks 12', 12'', 12''' shown
in FIGS. 3-5. Therefore, for simplicity, only the operation of the
heat exchanger including the first tank 12 is described
hereinafter.
[0035] During operation of the heat exchanger 10, a heated first
fluid from the fluid-conditioning system is received into the
hollow interior of the first tank 12 through the inlet 18. As the
first fluid flows into the hollow interior of the first tank 12,
the flow elements 30 manipulate a direction of flow of the first
fluid. The incoming first fluid is directed through the flow paths
36a, 36b, 36c. Portions of the first fluid travels from the first
end 46 of the first tank 12 along the flow paths 36a, 36b, 36c
toward the second end 48 of the first tank 12, ensuring
substantially uniform distribution of the first fluid into the
inlet openings of the tubular elements 20 of the conditioning
assembly 16. Within the conditioning assembly 16, the first fluid
undergoes a main conditioning by the second fluid flowing through
the conditioning assembly. The conditioned first fluid then flows
from the conditioning assembly through the outlet openings thereof
into the second tank. The conditioned first fluid is then
discharged from the heat exchanger 10 through the outlet 26 into
the fluid-conditioning system.
[0036] From the foregoing description, one ordinarily skilled in
the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this
invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof,
can make various changes and modifications to the invention to
adapt it to various usages and conditions.
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