U.S. patent application number 13/888154 was filed with the patent office on 2013-09-19 for compact line locks and methods.
This patent application is currently assigned to IMDS Corporation. The applicant listed for this patent is IMDS CORPORATION. Invention is credited to T. Wade Fallin, M. Mary Sinnott.
Application Number | 20130245686 13/888154 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37397254 |
Filed Date | 2013-09-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130245686 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fallin; T. Wade ; et
al. |
September 19, 2013 |
COMPACT LINE LOCKS AND METHODS
Abstract
A line lock includes a body at least partially bounding two
passageways that cooperate to receive a locking portion of a line
such as a suture in such a manner that the locking portion can only
be drawn through the passageways along one direction. A second
suture locking portion may also be received by the passageways, or
by one of the two passageways in combination with a third
passageway. The body may have an elongated, compact shape that is
easily implantable in the body.
Inventors: |
Fallin; T. Wade; (Hyde Park,
UT) ; Sinnott; M. Mary; (Logan, UT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
IMDS CORPORATION |
Providence |
UT |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
IMDS Corporation
Providence
UT
|
Family ID: |
37397254 |
Appl. No.: |
13/888154 |
Filed: |
May 6, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13758171 |
Feb 4, 2013 |
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13888154 |
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12754774 |
Apr 6, 2010 |
8388655 |
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13758171 |
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11125885 |
May 9, 2005 |
7722644 |
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12754774 |
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10459375 |
Jun 11, 2003 |
7150757 |
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11125885 |
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10936376 |
Sep 7, 2004 |
7566339 |
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10459375 |
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10942275 |
Sep 15, 2004 |
7806909 |
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10936376 |
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11001866 |
Dec 1, 2004 |
7594923 |
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10942275 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
606/232 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 2017/0404 20130101;
A61B 17/0487 20130101; A61B 17/0401 20130101; A61B 2017/0458
20130101; Y10T 24/3916 20150115; A61B 2017/0459 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
606/232 |
International
Class: |
A61B 17/04 20060101
A61B017/04 |
Claims
1. A system comprising: an elongated body comprising a top wall, a
bottom wall, a side wall extending between the top wall and bottom
wall, and a plurality of passageways; and a line comprising at
least one standing portion and at least one looping portion,
wherein the line is routed through at least one of the plurality of
passageways; wherein the plurality of passageways comprises at
least one passageway extending through the side wall; wherein the
line extends from the at least one passageway extending through the
side wall.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one passageway
extending through the side wall comprises two passageways extending
through the side wall.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the body is substantially
rectangular.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the line further comprises a
working portion and a locking portion between the at least one
standing portion and the working portion, wherein the at least one
looping portion and the at least one standing portion comprise
different relative sections of a single strand of the line.
5. They system of claim 4, wherein the at least one looping portion
and the at least one standing portion all lie in a plane and run in
substantially the same direction as the plane.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the line is routed through the
plurality of passageways of the elongated body such that the line
is able to be drawn along a pathway along only one direction.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the locking portion comprises a
compression section and a compressed section, wherein the
compression section presses the compressed section against the
elongated body in response to tension in the line.
8. A system comprising: a line comprising a standing portion and a
looping portion; and an elongated body comprising a top wall, a
bottom wall, a side wall, and a plurality of passageways; wherein
the plurality of passageways comprise a first primary passageway, a
first secondary passageway and a second secondary passageway,
wherein the first primary and first secondary passageways extend
from the top wall to the bottom wall and the second secondary
passageway extends through the side wall.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the body comprises rounded ends
and is substantially rectangular.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of passageways is
substantially symmetrical about a central axis.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first primary and first
secondary passageways comprise an elongated transverse cross
section.
12. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of passageways
comprises four substantially bounded passageways.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein the line is routed through the
plurality of passageways.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the line extends below the
bottom wall from at least one of the first primary passageway and
the first secondary passageway.
15. A system comprising: an elongated body comprising a top wall, a
bottom wall, a first primary passageway and a first secondary
passageway; wherein the first primary and first secondary
passageways extend from the top wall to the bottom wall; and a line
routed through the first primary and first secondary passageways of
the elongated body; wherein the line is routed such that the line
comprises at least one looping portion extending below the bottom
wall through at least one of the first primary and first secondary
passageways; and wherein the line comprises a standing portion, a
locking portion and a working portion, wherein the line is routed
such that the locking portion comprises a compression section which
compresses a working portion to prevent motion of the working
portion.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the elongated body comprises
rounded ends and is substantially rectangular.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first primary and first
secondary passageways are substantially symmetrical about a central
axis.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the line extends below the
bottom wall from the first primary passageway and the first
secondary passageway.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the body comprises a plurality
of passageways separate from the first primary and first secondary
passageways, wherein the line is routed through the plurality of
passageways and the first primary and first secondary passageways
such that the line slides through the line lock in response to
tension on the line in a first direction so that the working
portion lengthens and the standing portion shortens, and such that
the line passively locks in response to tension on the line in a
second direction, wherein the second direction is opposite the
first direction.
20. A system comprising: an elongated body comprising a top
surface, a bottom surface and a plurality of passageways; wherein
the top surface comprises at least one groove extending between a
first primary passageway and a first secondary passageway of the
plurality of passageways; and a line comprising at least one
standing portion and at least one looping portion, wherein the line
is routed through the plurality of passageways.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the at least one groove extends
in a straight path between the first primary passageway and the
first secondary passageway.
22. The system of claim 20, wherein the at least one groove extends
in an arcuate path between the first primary passageway and the
first secondary passageway.
23. The system of claim 21, wherein the first primary and first
secondary passageways extend from the top surface to the bottom
surface.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the at least one looping
portion and the at least one standing portion each extend below the
bottom surface through at least one of the plurality of
passageways.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the at least one looping
portion and the at least one standing portion comprise different
relative sections of a single strand of the line.
26. The system of claim 20, wherein the plurality of passageways is
substantially symmetrical about a central axis.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of:
[0002] U.S. application Ser. No. 13/758,171, filed Feb. 4, 2013,
which carries Applicants' docket no. MLI-32 CON2, and is entitled
COMPACT LINE LOCKS AND METHODS.
[0003] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/758,171 is a
continuation of:
[0004] U.S. application Ser. No. 12/754,774, filed Apr. 6, 2010,
which carries Applicants' docket no. MLI-32 CON, and is entitled
COMPACT LINE LOCKS AND METHODS.
[0005] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/754,774 is a
continuation of:
[0006] U.S. application Ser. No. 11/125,885, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,722,644, filed May 9, 2005, which carries Applicants' docket no.
MLI-32, and is entitled COMPACT LINE LOCKS AND METHODS.
[0007] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/125,885 is a
continuation-in-part of the following:
[0008] U.S. application Ser. No. 10/459,375, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,150,757, filed Jun. 11, 2003, which carries Applicants' docket
no. 13447.35, and is entitled LINE LOCK SUTURE ATTACHMENT SYSTEMS
AND METHODS;
[0009] U.S. application Ser. No. 10/936,376, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,566,339, filed Sep. 7, 2004, which carries Applicants' docket no.
MLI-15 and is entitled ADJUSTABLE LINE LOCKS AND METHODS;
[0010] U.S. application Ser. No. 10/942,275, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,806,909, filed Sep. 15, 2004, which carries Applicants' docket
no. MLI-16 and is entitled LINE LOCK THREADING SYSTEMS AND METHODS;
and
[0011] U.S. application Ser. No. 11/001,866, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,594,923, filed Dec. 1, 2004, which carries Applicants' docket no.
MLI-17 and is entitled LINE LOCK SUTURE ATTACHMENT SYSTEMS AND
METHODS.
[0012] All of the above-named documents are hereby incorporated by
reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0013] 1. The Field of the Invention
[0014] The present invention relates generally to devices to
replace knots and more specifically to devices to replace surgical
knots tied in open, arthroscopic, and endoscopic procedures.
[0015] 2. The Relevant Technology
[0016] Numerous devices have been developed to eliminate the need
to tie knots as a way of securing a line. The devices that
accomplish the same function as a knot, which is in part to secure
a line to retain tension in a portion of the line, are typically
referred to as line locks.
[0017] Line locks generally operate in one of two ways. Some line
locks are manually actuated to secure one or more lines so that
tension is maintained in a portion of the line(s). Once actuated,
the line lock resists sliding along the line(s) either toward or
away from the tensioned portion of the line. Other line locks are
continuously adjustable in one direction so that tension is
increased in the portion of the line upon which the line lock is
advanced. The continuously adjustable line locks resist movement
away from the tensioned portion of the line, but can be further
advanced toward the tensioned portion of the line with an
appropriately applied force.
[0018] The portion of a line that is put under tension, typically
to secure some object, is commonly referred to as the standing end.
The portion of the line that extends toward the line handler is
commonly referred to as the working end. A knot in a line, or a
line lock attached to a line, is the demarcation between the
standing end and the working end.
[0019] Continuously adjustable line locks offer several advantages.
They are passive locking devices, meaning that no other operation
is required to secure the line lock once it is moved along the line
to its desired position. Furthermore, these line locks can be used
to continuously increase the tension in the standing end until it
reaches a desired level of tension.
[0020] The advantages of line locks over tied knots are very
attractive in many varied applications, including the use of
surgical sutures. However, the line locks developed to date have
many deficiencies when considered for surgical suture
applications.
[0021] Many known line locks for surgical applications are somewhat
small, and as a result, they have small passageways that are
positioned quite close to each other. This makes it somewhat
difficult to thread the suture through the line lock in the proper
pattern. Furthermore, the user must select and apply the correct
suture because improper suture selection can impair the locking
and/or strength of the attachment system. Additionally, the proper
needle must be attached to the suture. Thus, there are multiple
selection and assembly steps that must be performed prior to use of
the attachment system.
[0022] Known line locks use line on line friction to create the
locking effect, and this line on line friction makes it difficult
to advance the line lock over suture. Known line locks rely on
maintenance of tension in the standing end to prevent the line lock
from migrating back along the working end.
[0023] In surgical suture applications, the working end is
typically trimmed closely to the line lock. As a result, the line
lock can easily disassociate from the suture once tension in the
standing end is lost. In most, if not all, surgical applications, a
free-floating device such as a line lock can potentially harm
adjacent body tissues. Additionally, known line locks are
susceptible to loosening during cyclic variations in the tension of
the standing end. This cyclic variation in the standing end tension
is common in surgical applications as tissues are stressed and then
relaxed. Loosening of the line lock thus compromises the securing
function for which it was intended.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be
discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is
appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of
the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of
its scope.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an adjustable line lock.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of line lock shown in FIG. 1.
[0027] FIG. 3 is an elevated cross sectional side view of the line
lock shown in FIG. 1.
[0028] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the line lock shown in FIG.
1 with a line routed therethrough in a slack unlocked position.
[0029] FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the line lock shown in FIG.
4A with the line in a tensioned locked position.
[0030] FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the line lock shown in FIG.
4B.
[0031] FIG. 6 is a bottom cross sectional view of the line lock
shown in FIG. 4B.
[0032] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the line lock shown in FIG.
1 with a line routed in a different path.
[0033] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of
the line lock shown in FIG. 1 with open working passageways.
[0034] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another alternative
embodiment of the line lock shown FIG. 1 with open passageways.
[0035] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another alternative
embodiment of the line lock shown in FIG. 1 with dual primary
passageways and uniform working passageways.
[0036] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a line lock for use with a
single strand of line.
[0037] FIG. 12A is a perspective view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 11 with a line routed therethrough.
[0038] FIG. 12B is a top plan view of the line lock shown in FIG.
12A.
[0039] FIG. 12C is a bottom plan view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 12A.
[0040] FIG. 13A is a top perspective view of a line lock having
dual strands of line routed therethrough.
[0041] FIG. 13B is a bottom perspective view of the line lock shown
in FIG. 13A.
[0042] FIG. 14A is a top perspective view of a line lock having a
line secured thereto.
[0043] FIG. 14B is a bottom perspective view of the line lock shown
in FIG. 14A.
[0044] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment
of a line lock.
[0045] FIG. 16A is a perspective view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 15 with a line routed therethrough.
[0046] FIG. 16B is a top plan view of the line lock shown in FIG.
16A.
[0047] FIG. 16C is a bottom plan view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 16A.
[0048] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another alternative
embodiment of a line lock.
[0049] FIG. 18A is a perspective view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 17 with a line routed therethrough.
[0050] FIG. 18B is a top plan view of the line lock shown in FIG.
18A.
[0051] FIG. 18C is a bottom plan view of the line lock shown in
FIG. 18A.
[0052] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention, with an associated
insertion tool.
[0053] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 19,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0054] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 19,
with the suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0055] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0056] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 22,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0057] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 22,
with the suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0058] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
yet another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0059] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 25,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0060] FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 25,
with the suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0061] FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0062] FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0063] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0064] FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 30,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0065] FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 30,
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0066] FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0067] FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 33,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0068] FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 33,
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0069] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0070] FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0071] FIG. 38 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 37,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0072] FIG. 39 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 37
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0073] FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0074] FIG. 41 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 40,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0075] FIG. 42 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 40
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0076] FIG. 43 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0077] FIG. 44 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 43,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0078] FIG. 45 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 43
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0079] FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0080] FIG. 47 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 46,
with a suture passing loosely through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0081] FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 46
with suture passing tightly through the passageways of the line
lock.
[0082] FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a system including a
cartridge with threaders that facilitate the insertion of suture
through the passageways of the line lock of FIG. 19.
[0083] FIG. 50 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 49, with
the lid of the cartridge open and sutures coupled to the trailing
ends of the threaders.
[0084] FIG. 51 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 49, with
the cartridge open and one of the sutures drawn part-way through
the cartridge.
[0085] FIG. 52 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 49, with
the cartridge open and the sutures fully drawn through the
cartridge to pass through the passageways of the line lock.
[0086] FIG. 53 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 49, the
cartridge open and the sutures and line removed from the cartridge
for use.
[0087] FIG. 54 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
another embodiment of the invention.
[0088] FIG. 55 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 54,
with a suture threaded loosely therethrough
[0089] FIG. 56 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 54,
with a suture threaded tightly therethrough.
[0090] FIG. 57 is a perspective view of a line lock according to
yet another embodiment of the invention.
[0091] FIG. 58 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 57,
with the suture threaded loosely therethrough.
[0092] FIG. 59 is a perspective view of the line lock of FIG. 57,
with the suture threaded tightly therethrough.
[0093] FIG. 60 is a perspective view of a system including a
cartridge with a threader that facilitates the insertion of the
pre-attached suture through the passageways of the line lock of
FIGS. 14A and 14B.
[0094] FIG. 61 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 60, with
the lid of the cartridge open and the suture coupled to the
trailing end of the threader.
[0095] FIG. 62 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 60, with
the cartridge open and the suture drawn part-way through the
cartridge.
[0096] FIG. 63 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 60, with
the cartridge open and the suture fully drawn through the cartridge
to pass through the passageways of the line lock.
[0097] FIG. 64 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 60, with
the cartridge open and the suture and line lock removed from the
cartridge for use.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0098] The present invention relates to line locks that can be used
in part to replace surgical knots tied in sutures in open,
arthroscopic, and endoscopic procedures. By increasing the size of
the line locks, it is also appreciated that the line locks can be
used outside of surgical procedures for any use where it is desired
to selectively adjust and/or tie off a line such as a rope, cord,
string, or other conventional type of line.
[0099] In this application, the term "couple" broadly refers to
connection of two items to each other. Two items may be "coupled"
if they are connected together in a manner that prevents relative
motion on one direction, but not another. A "longitudinal length"
of an object is the length of the object along its longest
dimension. "Cooperation" of a plurality of passageways to receive
multiple suture portions does not require that each suture portion
pass through all of the cooperating passageways.
[0100] Depicted in FIG. 1 is one embodiment of a line lock 10
incorporating features of the present invention. Line lock 10
comprises an elongated body 12 having a top surface 14 and an
opposing bottom surface 16 that each extend between a first end 18
and an opposing second end 20. Body 12 also has a first side 19 and
an opposing second side 21 extending between first end 18 and
second end 20. In the embodiment depicted, body 12 has a
substantially rectangular configuration with rounded ends. As will
be apparent from the following disclosure, however, body 12 can be
any desired configuration such as triangular, circular, square or
any other polygonal or irregular configuration.
[0101] In typical surgical applications, body 12 has a maximum
dimension D along its length (FIG. 2) which is typically less than
about 2 cm, more commonly less than about 1.5 cm, and even more
commonly less than about 1 cm. Other dimensions can also be used.
By way of example and not by limitation, in one embodiment body 12
has a height in a range between about 1 mm to about 1.5 mm, a width
in a range between about 2 mm to about 3 mm, and length D in a
range between about 5 mm to about 8 mm. In non-surgical
applications, body 12 can be any desired dimension. For example,
maximum dimension D can be in a range from about 5 cm to about 0.5
m. Again, other dimensions can also be used.
[0102] For use in surgical applications, body 12 can be comprised
of any biocompatible material. The biocompatible material can be
bioabsorbable or non-bioabsorbable. Examples of typical materials
include non-bioabsorbable plastic, bioabsorbable plastic, synthetic
tissue, and allograft tissue. In non-surgical applications, body 12
can be made of any desired material such as metal, plastic, wood,
fiberglass, composite, or the like.
[0103] As depicted in FIG. 1, centrally extending through body 10
between top surface 14 and bottom surface 16 is a primary
passageway 22. As used in the specification and appended claims,
the term "passageway" is broadly intended to include closed
apertures, such as depicted by primary passageway 22, partially
bounded apertures, open channels, recesses, grooves, slots, and the
like, that are capable of receiving a line and at least partially
retaining the line therein. The term "line" as used in the
specification and appended claims is broadly intended to include
suture, cord, rope, filament, wire, cable, and any other form of
line.
[0104] In this application, the phrase "substantially bounded
aperture" refers to an aperture that is sufficiently encircled by
material to prevent a line from exiting the aperture via motion
transverse to the length or axis of the aperture. Thus, a
substantially bounded aperture may be fully encircled by material,
or may have one or more breaks, each of which is smaller than the
diameter of the line that is to pass through the substantially
bounded aperture.
[0105] Extending between surfaces 14 and 16 at first end 18 of body
12 is a first secondary passageway 24. A second secondary
passageway 24' extends between surfaces 14 and 16 at second end 20.
Extending through body 12 at a location between primary passageway
22 and first secondary passageway 24 is a first working passageway
28. In one embodiment, although not necessarily required, first
working passageway 28 is disposed between primary passageway 22 and
first secondary passageway 24 such that a geometric line segment 36
(FIG. 2) can be extended between primary passageway 22 and first
secondary passageway 24 so that line segment 36 intersects with
first working passageway 28. Similar to first working passageway
28, a second working passageway 28' extends through body 12 at a
location between primary passageway 22 and second secondary
passageway 24'.
[0106] Each working passageway 28 and 28' has an elongated
transverse cross sectional area that extends between a first end 38
and an opposing second end 40. Each working passageway 28, 28'
comprises an enlarged access region 32 at first end 38 which
communicates with a constricted capture slot 34 at second end 40.
Access region 32 is sized to enable easy feeding of a line into and
through the corresponding working passageways 28, 28'. Accordingly,
although access region 32 can be slightly smaller than the
transverse cross sectional area of the line which is to be passed
therethrough, access region 32 typically has a transverse cross
sectional area that is equal to or slightly larger than the
transverse cross sectional area of the line that is to be passed
therethrough.
[0107] In contrast, capture slot 34 has a width W that is
substantially equal to or less than the diameter of the line that
is to be passed through working passageways 28, 28'. For example,
in one embodiment width W is less than about 0.9 times the diameter
of the line and more commonly less than about 0.75 times the
diameter of the line. It is appreciated that working passageways
28, 28' can come in a variety of different configurations. For
example, capture slot 34 can come in a variety of different
constricted, tapered, or notched shaped configurations that are
capable of securely retaining a line through wedged engagement. For
line made of less compressible material, such as metal, the
required difference between the width W and the diameter of the
line may be less than the examples given above.
[0108] As depicted in FIG. 2, central passageway 22 is bounded by
an interior surface 42 of body 12 having a substantially triangular
transverse cross section. Interior surface 42 comprises a first
side face 44 disposed toward first working passageway 28, a second
side face 46 disposed toward second working passageway 28' and
which intersects with first side face 44, and a third side face 48
extending between first side face 44 and second side face 46.
Although side faces 44 and 46 are shown as being substantially
flat, in alternative embodiments side faces 44 and 46 can be curved
or irregular. In one embodiment, however, first side face 44 is
substantially disposed in or tangent to a first plane illustrated
by dashed line 50. With reference to FIG. 2, plane 50 slopes toward
second end 40 of first working passageway 28 as plane 50 extends
from first side 19 of body 12 to second side 21.
[0109] First secondary passageway 24 is bounded by an interior
surface 54 of body 12 having an elongated transverse cross section.
Interior surface 54 comprises a first side face 56 disposed toward
first working passageway 28 and an opposing second side face 58.
Although side faces 56 and 58 are shown as being substantially
flat, in alternative embodiments side faces 56 and 58 can also be
curved or irregular. Again, in one embodiment first side face 56 is
substantially disposed in or tangent to a second plane illustrated
by dashed line 60. With reference to FIG. 2, second plane 60 slopes
toward second end 40 of first working passageway 28 as second plane
60 extends from first side 19 of body 12 to second side 21.
[0110] In the above discussed configuration, first plane 50 and
second plane 60 are disposed so as to be converging as they extend
from first side 19 of body 12 to second side 21. In the embodiment
depicted, planes 50 and 60 intersect at a location 62 on body 12
that is at least substantially aligned with a central longitudinal
axis of capture slot 34. In other embodiments, location 62 can be
directly adjacent to body 12 or at a distance from body 12.
Likewise, location 62 need not be aligned with the central
longitudinal axis of capture slot 34. Although not required, in one
embodiment planes 50 and 60 are disposed at equally opposing angles
relative to the central longitudinal axis of capture slot 34.
Furthermore, planes 50 and 60 can intersect so as to form an inside
angle therebetween in a range between about 5.degree. to about
85.degree..
[0111] Second secondary passageway 24' has substantially the same
configuration as first secondary passageway 24. Likewise, second
secondary passageway 24' has substantially the same relative
position to second working passageway 28' and second side face 46
of primary passageway 22 as first secondary passageway 26 has to
first working passageway 28 and first side face 44 of primary
passageway 22. As such, the discussion with regard to planes 50 and
60 are also applicable to primary passageway 22 and second
secondary passageway 24'.
[0112] By way of example of the passageways and not by limitation,
for use with a size USP #2 braided suture, which has a diameter in
a range between about 0.5 mm to about 0.6 mm, primary passageway 22
has a length in a range between about 1.3 mm to about 1.5 mm and a
width in a range between about 1 mm to about 1.3 mm. Secondary
passageways 24 and 24' have a width of about 0.8 mm and a length in
a range between 1 mm to about 1.3 mm. Access region 32 of working
passageways 28 and 28' have width in a range between about 0.7 mm
to 1 mm while capture slots 17 have a width in a range between
about 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm.
[0113] Depicted in FIG. 3, interior surface 42 of primary
passageway 22 extends to a top outside corner 66 and an opposing
bottom outside corner 68. Top outside corner 66 bounds a top
primary opening 70 while bottom outside corner 66 bounds a bottom
primary opening 72. Similarly, first working passageway 28 has an
interior surface 74 that extends to a top outside corner 76 and an
opposing bottom outside corner 78. Top outside corner 76 bounds a
top working opening 80 while bottom outside corner 76 bounds a
bottom working opening 82. Likewise, interior surface 54 of first
secondary passageway 24 extends to a top outside corner 86 and an
opposing bottom outside corner 88. Top outside corner 86 bounds a
top secondary opening 90 while bottom outside corner 86 bounds a
bottom secondary opening 92.
[0114] For reasons as will be discussed below in greater detail,
each of top outside corners 66, 76, and 86 has a radius of
curvature that is smaller than the radius of curvature of the
corresponding bottom outside corners 68, 78, 88. By way of example
and not by limitation, in one embodiment top outside corners 66,
76, and 86 each have a radius of curvature in a range between about
0 mm to about 1 mm with about 0 mm to about 0.5 mm being more
common. In contrast, bottom outside corners 68, 78, and 88 each
have a radius of curvature in a range between about 0.25 mm to
about 2 mm with about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm being more common.
Other dimensions can also be used, particularly outside of the
surgical area. In yet other embodiments it is appreciated that the
top outside corners and the bottom outside corners can have the
same radius of curvature or that only one or more of the top
outside corners may be smaller than one or more of the bottom
outside corners. In still other embodiments, it is appreciated that
only a portion of one or more of the top outside corners may be
smaller than a portion of one or more of the bottom outside
corners.
[0115] It is again noted that second secondary passageway 24' and
second working passageway 28' having substantially the same
configuration as first secondary passageway 24 and first working
passageway 28, respectively. As such, the same discussion with
regard to the outside corners are also applicable thereto.
Likewise, like elements are identified by like reference
characters.
[0116] Depicted in FIG. 4A is a line 100 adjustably mounted on line
lock 12. Line 100 comprises a standing portion 102 in the form of a
loop which extends below primary passageway 22, a first working
portion 104 which extends out of first working passageway 28, and a
first locking portion 106 extending therebetween. It is appreciated
that each of the sections 102, 104, and 106 of line 100 are
relative to each other in that they change as line 100 is adjusted
on line lock 10. Line 100 further includes a second working portion
104' which extends out of second working passageway 28' and a
second locking portion 106' that extends between standing portion
102 and second working portion 104'.
[0117] First locking portion 106 extends up through primary
passageway 22, down through first secondary passageway 24, and then
up through first working passageway 28. The section of locking
portion 106 extending between primary passageway 22 and first
secondary passageway 24 is referred to as compression section 110.
Line 100 passes up through first working passageway 28 so that
first working portion 104 is disposed between compression section
110 and capture slot 34. Second locking portion 106' is similarly
passed through passageways 22, 24', and 28'.
[0118] During use, standing portion 102 of line 100 is typically
looped around, embedded within, or passed through tissue, or some
other structure. To secure standing portion 102 to the structure,
unwanted slack is removed from standing portion 102. This is
accomplished by sliding line lock 10 over standing portion 102
and/or pulling on working portion 104 and/or 104' so that the
unwanted slack is pulled through line lock 10. In either event, at
least one of working portions 104 and 104' increases in length
while standing portion 102 shortens.
[0119] In the configuration depicted in FIG. 4A, line 100 is
passing through enlarged access regions 32 of working passageways
28 and 28'. In this position, relative locking portions 106 and
106' freely slide through corresponding passageways of line lock 10
as the unwanted slack from standing portion 102 is removed. A mild
tension force is typically applied to working portions 104 and 104'
as the unwanted slack is removed. The applied force pushes
compression section 110 and 110' back toward first side 19 of body
12 and thus away from capture slots 34, 34'. In turn, the portion
of line 100 passing through primary passageway 22 and secondary
passageways 24 and 24' also naturally slides back within the
passageways toward first side 19 of body 12. This movement of line
100 helps to decrease frictional resistance on line 100.
[0120] Once the slack is removed from standing portion 102, further
force is applied to working portions 104, 104' and/or line lock 10
so as to tension locking portions 106, 106' on line lock 10. As
depicted in FIG. 4B, as line 100 is tensioned, the diverging side
face 44 of primary passageway 22 and side face 56 of first
secondary passageway 24 cause the portions of line 100 passing
therethrough, and thus compression portion 110 extending
therebetween, to slide toward first side 21 of body 12.
[0121] Furthermore, as line 100 is tensioned, compression portions
110, 110' are shortened causing them to move into a more linear
orientation. As a result of the above, tensioning of line 100
causes compression portions 110, 110' to force working portions
104, 104' toward corresponding capture slots 34, 34'. In turn, at
least a portion of line 100 within working passageways 28 and 28'
is forced into corresponding capture slots 34, 34' so that line 100
is secured therein by wedged frictional engagement. That is, line
100 is secured by compression within capture slots 34, 34' because
line 100 has a diameter larger than the width of capture slots 34,
34'. Once line 100 is captured under compression in capture slots
34, 34', line 100 will remain captured even if there is a complete
loss of tension in standing end 102. Thus, "locking" of line lock
10 to line 100 ensures that line lock 10 will not become separated
from line 100, even under cyclic changes in line tension in
standing end 102. Furthermore, line lock 10 is continuously
adjustable in that further tension can be applied to standing
portions 104 and/or 104' at any time to remove additional slack
from standing portion 102 while retaining line 100 locked to line
lock 10.
[0122] The passageways extending through line lock 10 are also
configured such that as compression portions 110 and 110' force
line 100 into capture slots 34 and 34', compression portions 110
and 110' also fold and/or bias working ends 104 and 104' over
and/or against top outside corner 76 of capture slots 34 and 34'.
In view of the relatively small radius of curvature of top outside
corner 76, the engagement between the captured working ends 104 and
104' and top outside corner 76 creates a high degree of friction
which forms a secondary locking mechanism between line 100 and line
lock 10. As such, the engagement between capture working ends 104
and 104' and top outside corner 76 prevents backward movement of
line lock 10 relative to line 100.
[0123] In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4B, compression portion
110 is disposed above a portion of top outside corner 76 so as to
directly bias working ends 104 against top outside corner 76.
Compression portion 110 is also shown disposed directly above a
portion of working end 104 that is biasing against top outside
corner 76. In alternative embodiments, compression portion 110 when
tensioned can extend between central passageway 22 and secondary
passageways 24 without passing over working passageway 28. That is,
compression portion 110 can pass at a location toward second side
21 of line lock 10 that is spaced apart from working passageway 28.
In this embodiment, compression portion 110 still passes over
working end 104, thereby remotely causing working end 104 to fold
over and bias against top outside corner 76.
[0124] One of the unique features of the present embodiment is that
as line lock 10 is advanced toward standing end 102 when standing
end 102 is not under tension, i.e., when slack is being removed
from standing end 102, working ends 104 and 104' tend to push away
compression portions 110 and 110', as discussed above, thereby
minimizing frictional engagement between working ends 104, 104',
compression portions 110, 110' and line lock 10. As a result, line
lock 10 can be easily advanced on line 100.
[0125] Furthermore, unlike some other continuously adjustable line
locks known in the art that use a loop portion to draw in and wedge
a portion of a line within a bore hole, compression portions 110
and 110' traverse a substantially straight path because they are
constrained by secondary passageways 24 and 24' and primary
passageway 22. This substantially straight path translates to a
lower frictional resistance to sliding not possible with other
adjustable line locks known in the art.
[0126] As previously discussed, line 100 is routed through
passageways 22, 24, and 28 so as to pass over the outside corners
of the passageways. When a tensioned section of line 100 passes
around a first outside corner of line lock 10, friction produced
between line 100 and the corresponding outside corner cause a
decrease in tension on the portion of line 100 extending away from
the outside corner on the side opposite the tensioned section. The
friction produced at the outside corner must be overcome in order
to cause line 100 to slide. Similarly, as the line passes around
subsequent outside corners away from the tensioned section, each
subsequent corner produces an incremental decrease in line tension
and a corresponding incremental increase in friction that must be
overcome to cause line 100 to slide. The loss in tension and
increase in friction diminishes for each subsequent corner. Thus,
the first corners are the most significant.
[0127] As depicted in FIG. 6, in view of the above discussion, when
working end 104 is tensioned and standing end 102 is slack, line
100 extending from working end 104 toward line lock 10 first turns
on bottom outside corner 78 of working passageway 28 and bottom
outside corner 88 of secondary passageway 24. As a result of the
fact that these are the closest outside corners to tensioned
working end 104, outside corners 78 and 88 will produce the highest
frictional resistance. Accordingly, to minimize the frictional
resistance produced by outside corners 78 and 88 and thereby ease
the sliding of line lock 10 toward standing end 102, outside
corners 78 and 88 are generously rounded as previously
discussed.
[0128] In contrast, as depicted in FIG. 5, when standing end 102 is
tensioned and working end 104 is slack, line 100 extending from
standing end 102 toward line lock 10 first turns on top outside
corner 66 of primary passageway 22 and top outside corner 86 of
secondary passageway 24. In view of the fact that these are the
closest outside corners to tensioned standing end 102, outside
corners 66 and 86 will produce the highest frictional resistance.
Accordingly, to maximize the frictional resistance produced by
outside corners 66 and 86 and thereby minimizing slipping of line
100 once tensioned, outside corners 66 and 86 are formed relative
sharp as previously discussed. More specifically, top outside
corners 66 and 86 have a smaller radius of curvature than bottom
outside corners 78 and 88. It is noted that not all of each outside
corner that bounds a corresponding opening has to have the same
radius of curvature. For example, the portion of each outside
corner that directly engages line 100 can have a radius of
curvature that is different from the remainder of the corresponding
outside corner.
[0129] Depicted in FIG. 7, line lock 10 is shown having an
alternative routing of line 100. To achieve this routing, working
ends 104 and 104' are passed up through secondary passageways 24
and 24', respectively, down through primary passageway 22, and then
back up through working passageways 28 and 28', respectively. Again
compression portions 110 and 110' are formed that selectively force
working ends 104 and 104' toward capture slots 34 as discussed
above. In yet another alternative, it is appreciated that one end
of line 100 can be routed as shown in FIG. 4A while the opposing
end of line 100 is routed as shown in FIG. 7.
[0130] Depicted in FIG. 8 is an alternative embodiment of a line
lock 120. It is noted that all common elements of alternative
embodiments of line locks disclosed herein are identified by like
reference characters. Line lock 120 comprises body 12 having
primary passageway 22 and secondary passageways 24 and 24'
extending therethrough as discussed above with regard to FIG. 1. In
contrast to the circumferentially closed working passageways 28,
28', however, line lock 120 comprises working passageways 122 and
122' that are circumferentially open. That is, each working
passageway 122 and 122' comprises an elongated tapered slot having
a first end 124 and an opposing second end 126. First end 124 is
open along first side 19 of body 12 to facilitate convenient
loading of line 100 therein. First end 124 also typically has a
width greater than the diameter of line 100. Second end 126 extends
to a location between primary passageway 22 and a corresponding one
of secondary passageway 24, 24'.
[0131] In this embodiment it is noted that the passageways are
positioned such that a geometric line segment 130 can be extended
between primary passageway 22 and secondary passageway 24' such
that line segment 130 does not intersect with working passageway
122'. However, a geometric line segment 132 can also be extended
between primary passageway 22 and secondary passageway 24' such
that line segment 132 intersects with working passageway 122'.
Second end 126 of each working passageway 122, 122' typically has a
width substantially equal to or smaller than the diameter of line
100.
[0132] Depicted in FIG. 9 is another alternative embodiment of a
line lock 136 having substantially the same configuration as line
lock 120. In contrast to the circumferentially bounded primary
passageway 22 and secondary passageways 24 and 24' of line lock 120
in FIG. 8, however, line lock 136 comprises a partially bounded
primary passageway 138 which is open at second side 21 of body 12
and partially bounded secondary passageways 140 and 140' that are
also each open at or adjacent to second side 21 of body 12.
[0133] Two separate locking features were previously discussed with
regard to securing line 100 to line lock 10. Specifically, line 100
is secured by being wedged into capture slots 34 and 34' and by
biasing working portions 104 and 104' against the top outside
corner 76 of each working passageway 28, 28'. In alternative
embodiments, it is appreciated that the locking features can be
used independently. For example, depicted in FIG. 10 is a line lock
144 having body 12 with secondary passageways 24 and 24'. In
contrast to line lock 10, however, line lock 144 comprises working
passageways 146 and 146' wherein capture slots 34 have been
eliminated. Working passageways 146 and 146' merely comprise
elongated channels having a width substantially the same size or
larger than the diameter of the line 100 to be passed therethrough.
Line 100 is thus primarily secured to line lock 144 as a result of
compression portions 110, 110' biasing line 100 against top outside
corner 76 of each working passageways 146 and 146' as previously
discussed.
[0134] Line lock 144 is also distinguished over line lock 10 in
that primary passageway 22 has been replaced with a first primary
passageway 148 and a spaced apart second primary passageway 148'.
Primary passageways 148 and 148' operate with opposing ends of line
100. It is also noted that in alternative embodiments primary
passageway(s) and/or the secondary passageways need not be
elongated to allow the line passing therethrough to slide toward
opposing sides 19 and 21 of body 12 as previously discussed with
regard to line lock 10.
[0135] Depicted in FIG. 11 is an alternative embodiment of a line
lock 150 that is designed to slide along a single strand of line
100. Line lock 150 comprises a substantially disk shaped body 152
having a top surface 154 and an opposing bottom surface 156.
Extending through body 152 between surfaces 154 and 156 is a
primary passageway 158 and a spaced apart secondary passageway 160.
Disposed between passageways 158 and 160 is a working passageway
162. Similar to line lock 10, working passageway 162 of line lock
150 has a first end with enlarged access region 32 and an opposing
second end with constricted capture slot 34 thereat.
[0136] Primary passageway 158 and secondary passageway 160 have
substantially the same elongated circular configuration which is
similar to previously discussed secondary passageway 24. Each of
passageways 158 and 160 has an inside face 162 and 164,
respectively, that is disposed toward working passageway 162. Each
inside face 162 and 164 is substantially disposed in or is tangent
to a corresponding plane 168 and 170, respectively. Planes 168 and
170 converge toward capture slot 34 of working passageway 162 and
diverge away from access region 32.
[0137] Also extending through body 152 between top surface 154 and
bottom surface 156 is an end passageway 172. Although end
passageway 172 can be positioned at a variety of different
locations, end passageway 172 is shown aligned with working
passageway 162 such that a plane extending between working
passageway 162 and end passageway 172 separates primary passageway
158 from secondary passageway 160.
[0138] During use, as depicted in FIGS. 12A-12C, line 100 is routed
through line lock 150 by passing working portion 104 from top
surface 154 to bottom surface 156 through end passageway 172, up
through primary passageway 158, down through secondary passageway
160, and finally up through working passageway 162. Compression
portion 110 of line 100 extends between primary passageway 158 and
secondary passageway 160 and is positioned to act upon working
portion 104. Line lock 150 can be selectively advanced by pulling
working portion 104 away from top surface 154 so that line 100
travels through line lock 150. Alternatively, line lock 150 can be
manually slid toward standing portion 102. In either event, the
length of standing portion 102 is decreased.
[0139] As line 100 is tensioned on line lock 150, line 100 locks on
line lock 150 in substantially the same manner that line 100 locks
with working passageway 28 as previously discussed with regard to
line lock 10. That is, compression portion 110 forces working end
104 toward capture slot 34 so that the portion of line 100 within
working passageway 162 is captured by wedged frictional engagement
within capture slot 34. Furthermore, compression portion 110 either
directly or indirectly biases working portion 104 against the top
outside corner 76 of working passageway 162 at the second end
thereof so as to increase the frictional engagement between line
100 and line lock 150. Line lock 150 thus provides a continuously
adjustable line lock or a one way sliding stop. In alternative
embodiments, it is appreciated that line lock 150 can be modified
in at least the same ways as discussed with the other line locks
disclosed herein.
[0140] The embodiment shown in FIGS. 12A-12C is advantageous in
certain applications where line lock 150 is positioned behind a
first object and working portion 104 and standing portion 102 pass
through the first object. In this situation, standing portion 102
is fixed to a second object. By pulling on working portion 104, the
first object is drawn irreversibly toward the second object. This
is an advantage with surgical sutures where standing end 102 of a
suture is attached to normal tissues and line lock 150 is placed
behind tissue that has torn away. Standing portion 102 and working
portion 104 pass through the torn tissue toward the normal tissue.
By pulling on working portion 104 of suture, the torn tissue is
pulled into apposition with the normal tissues and line lock 150
maintains the torn tissue adjacent to the normal tissue to
facilitate healing of the tissue.
[0141] Depicted in FIGS. 13A and 13B is another embodiment of a
line lock 180 incorporating features of the present invention. Line
lock 180 also comprises a substantially disk shaped body 182 having
a top surface 184 and an opposing bottom surface 186. As with line
lock 150, line lock 180 includes primary passageway 158, secondary
passageway 160, and working passageway 162. Again, although not
required, working passageway 162 is disposed such that a geometric
line segment can be extended between primary passageway 158 and
secondary passageway 160 so that the line segment intersects with
working passageway 162. In contrast to line lock 150, line lock 180
does not include end passageway 172.
[0142] Each of passageways 158, 160, and 162 is configured to
receive a double strand of line 100. Specifically, during use both
working end 104 and 104' are passed up through primary passageway
158, down through secondary passageway 160 and then back up through
working passageway 162. As a result, standing portion 102 is again
formed in a loop that can be looped around, passed through, or
otherwise secured to tissue or other structure. Unwanted slack is
removed from standing portion 102 by again sliding line lock 180 on
line 100 toward standing portion 102 and/or by pulling on one or
both of working portions 104 and 104' so that line 100 passes
through line lock 180.
[0143] When line 100 is tensioned on line lock 180, compression
portions 110 and 110' force working portions 104, 104' toward
capture slot 34 so that a portion of each line section passing
through working passageway 162 is captured by wedged frictional
engagement within capture slot 34. Compression portions 110 and
110' also bias working portions 104 and 104' toward and/or against
top outsider corner 76 of working passageway 162 so as to increase
the frictional engagement between line 100 and line lock 180. As
previously discussed with passageways 22, 24, and 28 of line lock
10 in FIGS. 1-6, the radius of curvature of the top outside corner
and bottom outside corner of each passageway 158, 160, and 162 can
be set so as to further control the ability of line 100 to slide or
not slide through the passageway. Other alternatives as discussed
with the line locks herein are also applicable to line lock 180. In
particular each of the passageways 158, 160, and 162 can also be
configured to receive a single strand of line 100. In this
configuration the single strand of line 100 is routed in a manner
as described above for the double strand of line 100. Instead of
the standing portion 102 forming a loop when a double strand of
line 100 is used, in this case the standing portion 102 consists of
a free end which can be attached to tissue or other structures.
[0144] Depicted in FIGS. 14A and 14B is still another embodiment of
a line lock 190 incorporating features of the present invention.
Line lock 190 has substantially the same configuration as line lock
180 with like elements being referenced with like reference
characters. The primary distinction between line locks 180 and 190
is that in line lock 190, an end 192 of line 100 adjacent to
standing portion 102 is secured to bottom surface 186 of body 182.
End 192 can be secured to body 182 by being integrally molded into
body 182 or can be otherwise secured such as by welding or
mechanical attachment.
[0145] Line lock 190 is also distinguished from line lock 180 in
that passageways 158, 160, and 162 need only be configured to
receive a single strand of line 100. That is, working end 104
passes up through primary passageway 158, down through secondary
passageway 160, and then back up through working passageway 162.
Standing portion 102 is again substantially formed into a loop
extending from end 192 of line 100 to primary passageway 158.
Because end 192 of line 100 is secured to body 182, unwanted slack
can be removed from standing portion 102 by pulling line 100
through line lock 190 and/or sliding line lock 190 down line 100.
Line 100 is locked to line lock 190 in substantially the same
manner as discussed above with regard to the other line locks when
line 100 is tensioned on line lock 190.
[0146] And as previously described in U.S. application Ser. No.
11/001,866, after the working portion 104 has been inserted through
or wrapped around the tissue to be retained, the line lock 190 may
be advanced while holding the working portion 104 of the line 100
to tighten the standing portion 102. Alternatively, the line lock
190 may be held in place while pulling on the working portion 104.
An insertion device (not shown) may be used to hold or advance the
line lock 190.
[0147] As tension in the standing portion 102 increases, the
compression section 110 tightens and presses the underlying working
portion 104 against the body 182. The pressure on the working
portion 104 keeps the working portion 104 from moving back into the
working passageway 162, thereby keeping the standing portion 102
from loosening. Thus, the tissue will be securely retained by the
standing portion 102, even after the working portion 104 has been
cut short.
[0148] Pre-attachment of one end of a suture to a line lock, i.e.,
attachment of the suture prior to the surgical use, has a number of
benefits. More specifically, it expedites installation of the
suture and the line lock because separate sutures and line locks
need not be located and assembled. As will be illustrated
subsequently, a needle may also be pre-attached to the working end
104 of the line 100 so that all items needed for the suturing
portion of the operation are ready for use. The line lock 190 may
even be contained in a threader cartridge designed to facilitate
insertion of the line 100 through the passageways 158, 160, 162
along the pattern illustrated. The configuration and use of such an
assembly will be shown subsequently, in connection with FIG.
61.
[0149] In the embodiment of FIGS. 14A and 14B, the end 192 may
advantageously be attached to the line lock 190 via insert molding.
According to one manufacturing method, the end 192 is positioned
within an injection mold (not shown) used to form the line lock
190. As the selected polymer fills the mold, it surrounds the end
192. Then, as the selected polymer cools and hardens, it captures
the end 192 in a substantially permanent manner.
[0150] The present invention contemplates the use of any known
attachment method, including but not limited to insert molding,
adhesive bonding, knotting, ultrasonic welding, looping, swaging,
and fastening via mechanical fasteners such as bolts and clips, and
the like. FIGS. 54 through 59 provide examples of embodiments in
which such alternative attachment methods are used.
[0151] Depicted in FIG. 15 is still another embodiment of a line
lock 200 incorporating features of the present invention. Line lock
200 comprises an elongated substantially box shaped body 202
comprising a top wall 204 and an opposing bottom wall 206 each
extending between a first side wall 208 and a first end 210 and an
opposing second side wall 212 and an opposing second end 214. Also
extending between top wall 204 and bottom wall 206 is a front wall
216 and an opposing back wall 218.
[0152] Partially bounded within body 202 is a hollow chamber 220.
An access channel 222 is formed on front wall 216 so as to
communicate with chamber 220. Also communicating with chamber 220
is a primary passageway 224. Primary passageway centrally extends
through bottom wall 206 to chamber 220. A first secondary
passageway 226 extends through first side wall 208 so as to
communicate with chamber 220 while a second secondary passageway
226' extends through second side wall 212 so as to communicate with
chamber 220. A pair of first working passageways 228 and 228'
extend through bottom wall 206 and top wall 204, respectively, in
vertical alignment between primary passageway 224 and first
secondary passageway 226.
[0153] Similarly, a pair of second working passageways 230 and 230'
extend through bottom wall 206 and top wall 204 in vertical
alignment between primary passageway 224 and second secondary
passageway 226'. As with the prior working passageways, each of
working passageways 228, 228' and 230, 230' has a first end towards
front wall 226 with an enlarged axis region 32 and an opposing
second end toward back wall 218 with a capture slot 34 formed
thereat.
[0154] During use, as depicted in FIG. 16A-16C, working portions
104 of line 100 are passed up through primary passageway 224 into
chamber 220. Working portion 104 then passes out of chamber 220
through first secondary passageway 226. Finally, working portion
104 passes up through first working passageway 228, through chamber
220, and then out through first working passageway 228'.
Compression portion 110 of line 100 extends from primary passageway
224 to first secondary passageway 226. Working portion 104 is
routed such that line 100 passes between compression portion 110
and back wall 218.
[0155] In like manner, working portion 104' extends from chamber
220 out through second secondary passageway 226'. Working portion
104' then extends up through second working passageway 230, through
chamber 220, and then out through second working passageway 230'.
Again, line 100 extends between compression portion 110' and back
wall 218.
[0156] As with the other embodiments, line lock 200 can be slid
along line 100 and/or line 100 can be pulled therethrough so as to
remove all unwanted slack from standing portion 102. As line 100 is
tension on line lock 200, compression portions 110 and 110' force
the portion of line 100 extending between first working passageways
228 and 228' and between second working passageways 230 and 230',
respectively, toward corresponding capture slots 34. As a result,
at least a portion of line 100 extending through each of the
working passageways is captured by frictional wedge engagement
within each of the corresponding capture slots 34. Line 100 is thus
locked with line lock 200.
[0157] Line lock 200 offers several advantages. When standing end
102 is slack and working ends 104 and 104' are tensioned, the
sections of line 100 extending between working passageways 228 and
228' and between working passageways 230 and 230' force compression
portions 110 and 110', respectively, back toward front wall 216 so
as to allow the free travel of line 100 through line lock 200. In
contrast, as discussed above, when tension is created in standing
end 102 and slack is created in working ends 104 and 104',
compression portions 110 and 110' force the sections of line 100
extending between working passageways 228 and 228' and between
working passageways 230 and 230' toward back wall 218 so as to
secure line 100 within the capture slots 34. This back and forth
movement of compression portions 110 and 110' creates "backlash,"
or a finite distance that line lock 200 can move away from standing
end 102 until locking of line 100 is achieved.
[0158] Top wall 204 of line lock 200 provides a physical constraint
to the amount of movement seen in compression portions 110 and
110', thereby minimizing the amount of backlash. Furthermore, top
wall 204 provides an additional friction point when compression
portions 110 and 110' compress against line 100, thereby increasing
the strength of the locking of line 100. That is, one friction
point is located at working passageways 228 and 230 on bottom wall
206 and the second friction point is located at working passageways
228' and 230' on top wall 204.
[0159] It is again appreciated that the alternatives as discussed
with the other embodiments are also applicable to line lock 200. By
way of example and not by limitation, line 100 can be routed
through line lock 200 in a manner analogous to the routing in FIG.
7. The various passageways can be open or closed as depicted in
FIGS. 8 and 9. Similarly, line lock 200 can be divided in half and
modified to function similar to the line locks shown in FIGS.
11-14.
[0160] Depicted in FIG. 17 is another alternative embodiment of a
line lock 240 incorporating features of the present invention. Line
lock 240 has a configuration similar to line lock 200 and thus like
elements are identified by like reference characters. Line lock 240
comprises an elongated substantially box shaped body 242. Similar
to line lock 200, body 242 comprises top wall 204 and bottom wall
206 extending between side wall 208 and side wall 212. Body 242
also includes front wall 216 and back wall 218 which partially
bound chamber 220.
[0161] In contrast to line lock 200, a first primary passageway 241
extends through first side wall 208 while second primary passageway
241' extends through second side wall 212. Primary passageways 241
and 241' each communicate with chamber 220. Body 242 of line lock
240 further comprises a first secondary passageway 244 extending
through back wall 218 in communication with chamber 220 and a
spaced apart second secondary passageway 244' in communication with
chamber 220. A first access port 246 extends through front wall 216
in alignment with first secondary passageway 244' so as to
communicate with chamber 220. Similarly, a second access port 246'
extends through front wall 216 in alignment with second secondary
passageway 244 so as to also communicate with chamber 220.
[0162] Furthermore, in contrast to the bounded working passageways
of line lock 200, line lock 240 comprises a pair of first working
passageways 248 and 248'. Working passageway 248 comprises a
constricting slot that is formed on bottom wall 206 and is open
along intersecting front wall 216. First working passageway 248' is
aligned with first working passageway 248 and is formed on top wall
204 so as to also be open along intersecting front wall 216. A pair
of second working passageways 250 and 250' are similarly formed on
bottom wall 206 and top wall 204 so as to be aligned with second
secondary passageway 244'. Each of the working passageways
terminates at capture slot having a width substantially equal to or
smaller than the diameter of line 100.
[0163] During use, as depicted in FIGS. 18A-18C, working end 104 of
line 100 is passed through first primary passageway 242 into
chamber 220 and then out through first secondary passageway 244.
Working end 104 then passes down around bottom wall 206 and is then
fed up through first working passageways 248 and 248'. A
compression portion 110 of line 100 extends between primary
passageway 241 and secondary passageway 244. Working portion 104 is
passed between working passageways 248, 248' so that line 100
passes between compression portion 110 and first secondary
passageway 244.
[0164] Working portion 104' is similarly passed through the
passageways on the opposing side of line lock 240. That is, working
portion 104' passes through primary passageway 241' and into
chamber 220. Working portion 104' then travels out through
secondary passageway 244', bends around bottom wall 206, and then
travels up through working passageways 250 and 250'.
[0165] In the above configuration, slack can be removed from
standing portion 102 by pulling line 100 through line lock 240
and/or sliding line lock 240 toward standing portion 102. As line
100 tensions on line lock 240, compression portions 110 and 110'
again force portions of line 100 into capture slots 34 of the
working passageways so as to secure line 100 to line lock 240 by
wedged frictional engagement.
[0166] Like line lock 200, line lock 240 provides containment of
compression portions 110 and 110' to minimize backlash. Unlike the
other embodiments, line 100 is routed through line lock 240 such
that at least one line turn exceeds 90 degrees. For example, the
transition between compression portions 110 and 110' and looping
portions, designated as 252 and 252', respectively, create 180
degree turns in line 100. These sharp bends in line 100 increase
the friction that must be overcome in order to advance line lock
240 toward standing end 102. However, the sharp bends also
contribute to greater locking strength of line lock 240 to line
100. This embodiment is beneficial when line 100 is monofilament or
single strand line, due to the commonly lower line on line friction
and greater flexural stiffness of monofilament line when compared
to braided or twisted strand line.
[0167] Referring to FIG. 19, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 310 according to one alternative embodiment of the invention.
As shown, the line lock 310 has a body 312 that is generally
disc-shaped. The body 312 has a top surface 314, a bottom surface
316, and a periphery 318 that extends between the top surface 314
and the bottom surface 316 to define a generally circular profile.
In this application, a shape having a "generally circular profile"
is any shape in which the outside boundary of any cross section
passing through the main portion of the shape is substantially
circular.
[0168] The body 312 bounds a plurality of passageways designed to
cooperate receive a line such as a suture. In this application,
passageways that "cooperate to receive" a line such as a suture
receive the line such that the line passes through all of the
cooperating passageways. The passageways of the body 312 include a
first primary passageway 322 and a second primary passageway 323,
each of which may be positioned adjacent to the periphery 318. The
primary passageways 322, 323 are positioned on opposite sides of
the body 312.
[0169] Furthermore, in the line lock 310 of FIG. 19, the
passageways include a first secondary passageway 324 and a second
secondary passageway 325, which are also positioned on opposite
sides of the body 312, adjacent to the periphery 318. The secondary
passageways 324, 325 may be positioned slightly closer to the
periphery 318 than the primary passageways 322, 323. Yet further,
the passageways also include a first working passageway 328 and a
second working passageway 329. The working passageways 328, 329 are
relatively centrally located with respect to the body 312.
[0170] Each of the primary and secondary passageways 322, 323, 324,
325 may be generally rounded, and may optionally be somewhat
elongated to provide an oval cross-section capable of receiving a
doubled-over suture end, as when a suture end (not shown) is
inserted through a loop (not shown) and drawn through the primary
and secondary passageways 322, 323, 324, 325 via the loop. Each of
the working passageways 328, 329 may also have a cross-section
broad enough to receive a doubled-over suture end.
[0171] The passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 intersect the
top surface 314 to form corresponding openings, each of which is
bounded by one of a plurality of top outside corners 336. The
passageways 322, 323, 324, 324, 328, 329 also intersect the bottom
surface 316 to form corresponding openings, each of which is
bounded by one of a plurality of bottom outside corners (not
shown).
[0172] As in the description previously set forth, some or all of
the top outside corners 336 may have a smaller (i.e., sharper)
radius than the corresponding bottom outside corners. More
particularly, the top outside corners 336 of the working
passageways 328, 329 may have comparatively small radii when
compared to the bottom outside corners. In fact, in the embodiment
of FIG. 19, the radii of the top outside corners 336 of the working
passageways 328, 329 are considerably sharper than those of the top
outside corners 336 of the primary and secondary passageways 322,
323, 324, 325. The sharp radii of the top outside corners 336 of
the working passageways 328, 329 enhances locking of the suture by
the line lock 310.
[0173] Each of the working passageways 328, 329 may have a shape
that also facilitates locking of the suture, such as the
teardrop-shaped cross-section illustrated in FIG. 19. More
precisely, each of the working passageways 328 may have an access
region 332 and a capture slot 334. The access region 332 is large
enough to permit the suture to pass therethrough with clearance.
However, the capture slot 334 may be somewhat narrower such that,
when the suture is drawn into the capture slot 334, the walls of
the capture slot 334 press against the suture to restrict further
motion of the suture through the slot 334. The operation of the
capture slot 334 will be further shown and described in connection
with FIGS. 20 and 21.
[0174] In the embodiment of FIG. 19, the first primary, secondary,
and working passageways 322, 324, 328 are symmetrically arranged
about the center of the body 312 with respect to the second
primary, secondary, and working passageways 323, 325, 329. In other
words, the first primary, secondary, and working passageways 322,
324, 328 possess radial symmetry with respect to the second
primary, secondary, and working passageways 323, 325, 329.
Accordingly, if the first primary, secondary, and working
passageways 322, 324, 328 were rotated 180.degree. about a central
axis 338 of the body 312, they would be substantially superimposed
on the second primary, secondary, and working passageways 323, 325,
329.
[0175] According to one alternative embodiment, the capture slots
334 may extend at angles with respect to the access regions 332 so
that the working passageways 328, 329 may be more compactly
arranged, while keeping the capture slots 334 at the desired
position and orientation with respect to the first primary and
secondary passageways 322, 324 and with respect to the second
primary and secondary passageways 323, 325. Such a configuration
may potentially provide a more compact line lock (not shown)
without losing suture locking capability.
[0176] In addition to the line lock 310, FIG. 19 also illustrates
an insertion tool 340 that may be used to insert a line lock such
as the line lock 310 of FIG. 19 into a relatively constricted
space, such as a space within the body accessed via a cannula or
the like. The insertion tool 340 has a proximal end (not shown),
which may have handle or other structure to facilitate grasping by
hand. The insertion tool 340 also has a distal end 342 and a hollow
bore 344 that may extend along the entire displacement between the
proximal end and the distal end 342 so that sutures or other items
can be inserted into one end of the hollow bore 344 and retrieved
from the opposite end. The distal end 342 has a rim 346, which may
have an annular shape, a frustoconical shape, or the like, such
that the body 312 is able to seat against the rim 346. The
insertion tool 340 can thus be used to advance the line lock 310.
The insertion tool 340 is illustrated proximate the bottom side 316
of the body 312 for clarity in FIG. 19; however, in use, the
insertion tool 340 generally abuts the top side 314 and the
periphery 318. The manner in which the insertion tool 340 is used
to advance the line lock 310 will be more fully set forth in the
description of FIG. 20.
[0177] Referring to FIG. 20, a perspective view illustrates a
system 348 including the line lock 310 of FIG. 19 and a suture 350
relatively loosely passing through the passageways 322, 323, 324,
325, 328, 329 of the body 312. The suture 350 may be similar or
identical to that described previously. Accordingly, the suture 350
may have a standing portion 352, which is the portion of the suture
350 that is placed under tension and constrained by advancement of
the line lock 310, first and second working portions 354, 355,
which are handled by a user, and first and second locking portions
356, 357 that are positioned between the standing portion 352 and
the first and second working portions 354, 355, respectively.
[0178] The suture 350 may be inserted through the passageways 322,
323, 324, 325, 328, 329 according to a wide variety of methods. For
example, the suture 350 may be inserted by hand. Alternatively, the
suture 350 may be inserted through the use of threaders (not shown)
that are initially routed through the passageways 322, 323, 324,
325, 328, 329 along the proper pathways. The threaders may have
leading ends designed to be drawn by hand, and trailing ends with
loops or other features capable of capturing and drawing the suture
ends.
[0179] Thus, a user may simply attach the ends of the suture 350 to
the trailing ends of the threaders, and then pull the threaders
until the suture 350 passes through the passageways 322, 323, 324,
325, 328, 329 along the desired pathways. The ends of the suture
350 may then be removed from the trailing ends of the threaders. In
addition to or in the alternative to the use of threaders, a
cartridge (not shown) may be used to retain the line lock 310 and
guide the suture 350 through the passageways 322, 323, 324, 325,
328, 329 along the desired pathways.
[0180] As illustrated in FIG. 20, the first locking portion 356
extends from the standing portion 352 through the first primary
passageway 322, then through the first secondary passageway 324,
and then through the first working passageway 328. From the first
working passageway 328, the first working portion 354 extends
between the top surface 314 and the section of the first locking
portion 356 that passes from the first primary passageway 322 to
the first secondary passageway 324. This section of the first
locking portion 356 is a first compression section 360 of the
suture 350.
[0181] Similarly, the second locking portion 357 extends from the
standing portion 352 through the second primary passageway 323,
then through the second secondary passageway 325, and then through
the second working passageway 329. From the second working
passageway 329, the second working portion 355 extends between the
top surface 314 and the section of the second locking portion 357
that passes from the second primary passageway 323 to the second
secondary passageway 325. This section of the second locking
portion 357 is a second compression section 361 of the suture
350.
[0182] As shown in FIG. 20, the first and second working portions
354, 355 have first and second compressed sections 362, 363,
respectively. The compressed sections 362, 363 underlie the
corresponding compression sections 360, 361 of the first and second
locking portions 356, 357, respectively. When the compression
sections 360, 361 become taught, they press the compressed sections
362, 363 against the top surface 314 of the body 312. This will be
explained in further detail subsequently.
[0183] The standing portion 352 may be inserted through and/or
around some feature (not shown), such as bodily tissue, that is to
be retained by the system 348. The standing portion 352 may
additionally or alternatively pass through an opening of a bone
anchor or the like to enable tissues to be anchored to the bone, as
in rotator cuff repair. From the configuration of FIG. 20, the
suture 350 may be tightened by advancing the line lock 310 along
the standing portion 352. The line lock 310 may be advanced by
holding the working portions 354, 355 and pressing the body 312
toward the standing portion 352.
[0184] According to one method, the line lock 310 may be advanced
along the standing portion 352 through the use of a tool such as
the insertion tool 340 of FIG. 19. More precisely, the working
portions 354, 355 may first be inserted into the hollow bore 344 at
the distal end 342. The working portions 354, 355 are inserted
through the hollow bore 344 such that they protrude from the hollow
bore 344 at the proximal end. A user may then grasp the working
portions 354, 355 and draw them proximally, while holding the
insertion tool stationary or advancing it distally, until there
remains no slack in the working portions 354, 355, and the body 312
is seated against the rim 346 of the distal end 342. The shape of
the rim 346 may tend to draw the body 312 into a position and
orientation coaxial with the insertion tool 340 to facilitate
insertion of the line lock 310 into a relatively narrow space.
[0185] Once the slack has been removed from the working portions
354, 355, further tension on the working portions 354, 355 tends to
cause the locking portions 356, 357 to advance through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329, moving from the primary
passageways 322, 323 toward the working passageways 328, 329.
Motion of the locking portions 356, 357 in this direction is
relatively unrestricted since the compression sections 360, 361
remain slack, thereby allowing the locking portions 356, 357 to
move through the access regions 332 of the working passageways 328,
329. Consequently, the line lock 310 is able to advance along the
standing portion 352, thereby causing the standing portion 352 to
tighten.
[0186] In alternative to use of a tool such as the insertion tool
340 of FIG. 19, the line lock 310 may be advanced along the
standing portion 352 without any tooling. For example, the line
lock 310 may be pressed and moved along the standing portion 352 by
direct pressure from a finger. Alternatively, grasping the working
portions 354, 355 and pulling them in substantially opposite and/or
co-linear directions may cause the line lock 310 to advance along
the standing portion 352. Each of the working portions 354, 355 may
then lie along the top surface 314, but may not pass through the
corresponding capture slot 334 until locking is performed. Such a
technique may be particularly useful for retaining tissues in more
readily accessible areas, where the working portions 354, 355 can
be oriented and drawn in opposite directions. Use of insertion
tooling may be more appropriate for more confined spaces.
[0187] Referring to FIG. 21, a perspective view illustrates the
system 348 of FIG. 20, with the suture 350 routed relatively
tightly through the passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329. As
the standing portion 352 tightens, tension in the standing portion
352 causes the compression sections 360, 361 to become taught. The
compression sections 360, 361 straighten, thereby drawing the
portions of the suture 350 within the working passageways 328, 329
outward, into the capture slots 334. The compressed sections 362,
363 of the working portions 354, 355 adjacent to the working
passageways 328, 329 are pinned against the top surface 314 by the
compression sections 360, 361.
[0188] Accordingly, each of the working portions 354, 355 is bent
twice, with each bend having an angle of about ninety degrees. A
first bend 370 is about the top outside corner 336 (as labeled in
FIG. 19) of each corresponding working passageway 328, 329, and a
second bend 372 is about the corresponding compression section 360,
361. As mentioned previously, the top outside corners 336 of the
working passageways 328, 329 have tight radii. Accordingly, the top
outside corners 336 of the working passageways 328, 329 provide
relatively high friction surfaces, particularly when the working
portions 354, 355 are pressed against them via tension, like that
applied by the compression sections 360, 361. The compression
sections 360, 361 may also provide considerable friction directly
against the compressed sections 362, 363, depending on the
structure and material of the suture 350.
[0189] Due to the friction applied to the bends 370, 372 of each of
the working portions 354, 355 by the tensioned standing portion
352, the working portions 354, 355 are generally unable to retract
back into the working passageways 328, 329. However, the standing
portion 352 may still be tightened by further drawing on the
working portions 354, 355. Tension in the working portions 354, 355
tends to pull the compression sections 360, 361 inward, thereby
removing the bends 370, 372 and relieving the associated sources of
friction. Further advancement of the body 312 along the standing
portion 352 only increases the level of tension in the standing
portion 352 so that, when tension on the working portions 328, 329
is relieved, the working portions 328, 329 are again drawn to the
locked configuration.
[0190] After the locking portions 356, 357 have been locked via
tension in the standing portion 352, the working portions 354, 355
may be cut short, for example, just outside the second bends 372.
The friction on the bends 370, 372 keeps slippage to a level low
enough that cutting the working portions 354, 355 in such a manner
does not impair the operation of the line lock 310. The second
bends 372 may disappear because there is no longer tension drawing
the working portions 354, 355 to the orientation illustrated in
FIG. 21. However, the second bends 372 are not required for
locking; rather, the compression sections 360, 361 continue to
press the compressed sections 362, 363 against the top surface 314,
adjacent to the first bends 370. The friction of this compression
interface, in addition to that of the first bends 370, is
sufficient to keep the suture 350 from slipping back through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329.
[0191] If desired, the line lock 310 and/or the suture 350 may be
formed of bioabsorbable or biodegradable materials. Alternatively,
the line lock 310 and the suture 350 may be small and compact
enough that they can remain in the body indefinitely without
causing any discomfort or significant health risks.
[0192] Referring to FIG. 22, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 410 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 410 has a body 412 that is generally
elongated, and is compactly designed for less intrusive insertion
into the body, and for more rapid bioabsorption. The body 412 has a
top surface 414, a bottom surface 416, and a periphery 418
extending between the top surface 414 and the bottom surface 416 to
provide the elongated profile of the body 412.
[0193] Furthermore, the body 412 is shaped to define a first
primary passageway 422, a second primary passageway 423, a first
secondary passageway 424, a second secondary passageway 425, and a
first working passageway 428. The first and second primary
passageways 422, 423 and the first working passageway 428 are all
fully bounded. The first and second secondary passageways 424, 425
are each only partially bounded.
[0194] As mentioned previously, the term "passageway," as used in
this application, is broadly interpreted to include partially
bounded apertures, open channels, recesses, grooves, slots, and the
like, that are capable of receiving a line and at least partially
retaining the line therein. Accordingly, the structures labeled by
reference numbers 424, 425 of FIG. 22 are, indeed, passageways. The
secondary passageways 424, 425 are contiguous with the periphery
418 because the bore of each of the secondary passageways 424, 425
transitions directly into the periphery 418, with no significant
intervening surface.
[0195] The first and second primary passageways 422, 423 are each
generally circular in shape. The first working passageway 428 is
designed to accommodate both locking portions 356, 357 of the
suture 350 (not shown in FIG. 22), and is thus elongated in shape.
The first working passageway is positioned between the first and
second primary passageways 422, 423 such that the passageways 422,
423, 428 are arrayed in a generally straight line along the length
of the body 412.
[0196] In FIG. 22, the first working passageway 428 has a generally
rectangular shape, with semicircular arcs at the short ends. In
alternative embodiments, any of a wide variety of shapes may be
used, including trapezoidal, rectangular, square, triangular,
circular, and oval shapes. If desired, alternative shapes may
include one or more access regions and one or more capture slots,
like those of the previous embodiment, that enhance suture
locking.
[0197] The body 412 also defines a first groove 436 and a second
groove 437, both of which are formed in the top surface 414. The
first groove 436 extends along a generally straight path between
the first primary and secondary passageways 422, 424. Similarly,
the second groove 437 extends along a generally straight path
between the second primary and secondary passageways 423, 425. The
first and second grooves 436, 437 serve to enhance suture locking
by the line lock 410 in a manner that will be set forth
subsequently.
[0198] As shown in FIG. 22, the passageways 422, 423, 424, 425, 428
are symmetrical to each other about a central axis 338 of the body
412. This is because, if rotated 180.degree. about the central axis
338, the first primary and secondary passageways 422, 424 would be
superimposed on the second primary and secondary passageways 423,
425, and the first working passageway 428 would be superimposed on
itself.
[0199] Referring to FIG. 23, a perspective view illustrates a
system 448 including the line lock 410 of FIG. 22 and a suture 350,
like that illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21. The suture 350 is shown
routed relatively loosely through the passageways 422, 423, 424,
425, 428 of the line lock 410.
[0200] The suture 350 may be routed through the passageways 422,
423, 424, 425, 428 of the line lock 410 in a manner similar to that
of the line lock 310. However, rather than being routed through two
different working passageways 328, 329, the locking portions 356,
357 are both routed through the first working passageway 428. From
the working passageway 428, the first compressed section 362 of the
first working portion 354 extends between the first compression
section 360 and the first groove 436, and the second compressed
section 363 of the second working portion 355 extends between the
second compression section 361 and the second groove 437.
[0201] Referring to FIG. 24, a perspective view illustrates the
system 448 of FIG. 23, with the suture 350 routed relatively
tightly through the passageways 422, 423, 424, 425, 428 of the line
lock 410. The line lock 410 provides locking in a manner somewhat
similar to that of the previous embodiment. More precisely, as the
standing portion 352 of the suture 350 is tightened, tension is
exerted on the compression sections 360, 361. The compression
sections 360, 361 then press the compressed sections 362, 363,
respectively, against the top surface 414 to cause the compressed
sections 362, 363 to frictionally engage the grooves 436, 437,
respectively. As shown, the compression sections 360, 361 may
extend generally parallel to the grooves 436, 437 and the
compressed sections 362, 363 may extend generally perpendicular to
the grooves 436, 437. Accordingly, the working portions 354, 355
form bends where they extend across the grooves 436, 437. The bends
enhance locking by adding to the frictional resistance to motion of
the working portions 354, 355.
[0202] Other aspects of the operation of the line lock 410 are
similar to those of the line lock 310 of the previous embodiment.
The suture 350 may be inserted into the passageways 422, 423, 424,
425, 428, tightened, and locked within the line lock 410 in any of
the ways set forth in connection with the previous embodiment. An
insertion tool (not shown) similar to the insertion tool 340 of
FIG. 19 may optionally be used to position the line lock 410 and/or
move the line lock 410 along the locking portions 356, 357 of the
suture 350. Such an insertion tool may have a distal end with an
elongated shape that corresponds to that of the body 412 in order
to facilitate secure retention of the body 412 against the distal
end during the implantation procedure.
[0203] As described in connection with the previous embodiment, the
working portions 354, 355 may be cut short after the suture 350 has
been tightened and locked by the line lock 410. The line lock 410
may also be formed of a variety of bioabsorbable or
non-bioabsorbable materials. The text setting forth potential
suture threading methods, line lock advancement methods, materials,
and the like for the line lock 310 may also apply to the line lock
410 and/or any other embodiment of the invention.
[0204] The line lock 410 has the advantage of being relatively
compact. The overall dimensions of the body 412 are relatively
small, and the volume occupied by the body 412 is also minimal.
Accordingly, the line lock 410 may be easily implanted into
relatively tight spaces, and if formed of a bioabsorbable material,
may be readily absorbed by the body. The linear arrangement of the
passageways 422, 423, 428 also keeps the line lock 410 from
extending excessively along a direction transverse to that of the
pathway followed by the suture 350. In alternative embodiments,
only two substantially bounded passageways may be used instead of
three. One such embodiment will be shown and described connection
with FIGS. 25 through 27.
[0205] Referring to FIG. 25, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 510 according to another embodiment of the invention. As in
the previous embodiment, the line lock 510 has a body 512 with an
elongated shape. The body 512 has a top surface 514, a bottom
surface 516, and a periphery 518 arranged between the top surface
514 and the bottom surface 516 to define the elongated profile of
the body 512. The body 512 bounds a first primary passageway 522, a
second primary passageway 523, a first secondary passageway 524,
and a second secondary passageway 525. The first and second primary
passageways 522, 523 are fully bounded, and the first and second
secondary passageways 524, 525 are only partially bounded. No
separate working passageway is needed.
[0206] The first and second primary passageways 522, 523 are each
generally elongated in shape. Accordingly, each of the first and
second primary passageways 522, 523 may receive both of the first
or second locking portions 356, 357 of the suture 350 (not shown in
FIG. 25). This enables the first and second primary passageways
522, 523 to perform the function carried out by the working
passageway 428 of the previous embodiment, as will be shown in
greater detail in connection with FIGS. 26 and 27.
[0207] The body 512 also defines a first groove 536 and a second
groove 537, both of which are formed in the top surface 514. The
first groove 536 extends along a generally straight path between
the first primary and secondary passageways 522, 524. Similarly,
the second groove 537 extends along a generally straight path
between the second primary and secondary passageways 523, 525. The
first and second grooves 536, 537 serve to enhance suture locking
by the line lock 510 in a manner similar to the grooves 436, 437 of
the previous embodiment.
[0208] As shown in FIG. 25, the passageways 522, 523, 524, 525 are
symmetrical to each other about a central axis 338 of the body 512.
This is because, if rotated 180.degree. about the central axis 338,
the first primary and secondary passageways 522, 524 would be
superimposed on the second primary and secondary passageways 523,
525.
[0209] Referring to FIG. 26, a perspective view illustrates a
system 548 including the line lock 510 of FIG. 25 and a suture 350,
like that illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, 23, and 24. The suture 350
is shown routed relatively loosely through the passageways 522,
523, 524, 525 of the line lock 510.
[0210] The suture 350 may be routed through the passageways 522,
523, 524, 525 of the line lock 510 in a manner similar to that of
the line lock 410. The first locking portion 356 passes through the
first primary passageway 522, then the first secondary passageway
524. The second locking portion 357 passes through the second
primary passageway 523, and then the second secondary passageway
525. Then, rather than passing through a working passageway 428,
the locking portions 356, 357 are again routed through the first
and second primary passageways 522, 523. More precisely, the first
locking portion 356 passes through the second primary passageway
523, and the second locking portion 357 passes through the first
primary passageway 522. From the second primary passageway 523, the
first compressed section 362 of the first working portion 354
extends between the first compression section 360 and the first
groove 536, and the second compressed section 363 of the second
working portion 355 extends between the second compression section
361 and the second groove 537.
[0211] Referring to FIG. 27, a perspective view illustrates the
system 548 of FIG. 26, with the suture 350 routed relatively
tightly through the passageways 522, 523, 524, and 525 of the line
lock 510. The line lock 510 provides locking in a manner somewhat
similar to that of the previous embodiment. More precisely, as the
standing portion 352 of the suture 350 is tightened, tension is
exerted on the compression sections 360, 361. The compression
sections 360, 361 then press the compressed sections 362, 363,
respectively, against the top surface 514 to cause the compressed
sections 362, 363 to frictionally engage the grooves 536, 537,
respectively. As shown, the compression sections 360, 361 may
extend generally parallel to the grooves 536, 537 and the
compressed sections 362, 363 may extend generally perpendicular to
the grooves 536, 537. Accordingly, the working portions 354, 355
form bends where they extend across the grooves 536, 537. The bends
enhance locking by adding to the frictional resistance to motion of
the working portions 354, 355.
[0212] Other aspects of the operation of the line lock 510 are
similar to those of the line locks 310, 410 of the previous two
embodiments. The suture 350 may be inserted into the passageways
522, 523, 524, 525, tightened, and locked within the line lock 510
in any of the ways set forth in connection with the previous
embodiment. An insertion tool (not shown) similar to the insertion
tool 340 of FIG. 19 may optionally be used to position the line
lock 510 and/or move the line lock 510 along the locking portions
356, 357 of the suture 350. Such an insertion tool may have a
distal end with an elongated shape that corresponds to that of the
body 512 in order to facilitate secure retention of the body 512
against the distal end during the implantation procedure.
[0213] As described in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 19
through 21, the working portions 354, 355 may be cut short after
the suture 350 has been tightened and locked by the line lock 510.
The line lock 510 may also be formed of a variety of bioabsorbable
or non-bioabsorbable materials. The text setting forth potential
suture threading methods, line lock advancement methods, materials,
and the like for the line lock 310 may also apply to the line lock
510 and/or any other embodiment of the invention.
[0214] And as previously described in U.S. application Ser. No.
10/936,376, referring to FIG. 28, a perspective view illustrates a
line lock 1410 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. As in the previous embodiment, the line lock 1410 has a
body 1412 that is generally disc-shaped. The body 1412 has a top
surface 1414, a bottom surface 1416, and a periphery 1418 extending
between the top surface 1414 and the bottom surface 1416 to provide
the generally circular profile of the body 1412. Furthermore, the
body 1412 bounds a first primary passageway 1422, a second primary
passageway 1423, a first secondary passageway 1424, and a second
secondary passageway 1425. The first passageways 1422, 1424 possess
multiple forms of symmetry with respect to the second passageways
1423, 1425, as will be described subsequently. The passageways
1422, 1423, 1424, 1425 are also adjacent to the periphery 1418.
[0215] In addition to the passageways 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, the
body 1412 bounds a first working passageway 1428. The first working
passageway 428 has an access region 1432 and a pair of capture
slots 1434 extending from either side of the access region 1432.
The first working passageway 1428 accommodates both locking
portions 356, 357 of the suture 350. Accordingly, the access region
1432 is large enough to simultaneously receive two suture portions
with clearance, and each of the capture slots 1434 is sized to
compress one of the suture portions.
[0216] The body 1412 also defines a first groove 1436 and a second
groove 1437, both of which are formed in the top surface 1414. The
first groove 1436 extends along a generally arcuate path between
the first primary and secondary passageways 1422, 1424. Similarly,
the second groove 1437 extends along a generally arcuate path
between the second primary and secondary passageways 1423, 1425.
The first and second grooves serve to provide a pair of sharpened
lips 1438 adjacent to each of the capture slots 1434 of the first
working passageway 1428.
[0217] As shown in FIG. 28, the passageways 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425,
1428 are symmetrical to each other about a central axis 338 of the
body 1412. This is because, if rotated 180.degree. about the
central axis 338, the first primary and secondary passageways 1422,
1424 would be superimposed on the second primary and secondary
passageways 1423, 1425, and the first working passageway 1428 would
be superimposed on itself. Furthermore, the passageways 1422, 1423,
1424, 1425, 1428 are symmetrical to each other about a plane 1440
passing through the center of the body 1412. This is because, if
reflected across the plane 1440, the first primary and secondary
passageways 1422, 1424 would be superimposed on the second primary
and secondary passageways 1423, 1425, and the first working
passageway 1428 would be superimposed on itself.
[0218] The suture 350 may be routed through the passageways 1422,
1423, 1424, 1425, 1428 of the line lock 1410 in a manner similar to
that of the line lock 310. However, rather than being routed
through two different working passageways 328, 329, the locking
portions 356, 357 are both routed through the first working
passageway 1428. From the working passageway 1428, the first
working portion 354 extends between the first compression section
360 and the first groove 1436, and the second working portion 355
extends between the second compression section 361 and the second
groove 1437.
[0219] The line lock 1410 provides locking in a manner somewhat
similar to that of the previous embodiment. More precisely, when
the compression sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354,
355, respectively, against the top surface 1414, the suture 350
becomes wedged in the capture slots 1434. Additionally, the
compression sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354, 355
against the grooves 1436, 1437, respectively. As shown, the
compression sections 360, 361 may extend generally parallel to the
grooves 1436, 1437 and the working portions 354, 355 may extend
generally perpendicular to the grooves 1436, 1437. Accordingly, the
working portions form bends (not shown) where they extend over the
sharpened lips 1438 of the grooves 1436, 1437. The sharpened lips
1438 provide additional friction tending to resist motion of the
working portions 354, 355 toward the first working passageway
1428.
[0220] Otherwise, operation of the line lock 1410 is similar to
that of the line lock 310 of the previous embodiment. The suture
350 may be inserted into the passageways 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425,
1428, tightened, and locked within the line lock 1410 in any of the
ways set forth in connection with the previous embodiment. As
described above, the working portions 354, 355 may be cut short
after the suture 350 has been tightened and locked by the line lock
410. The line lock 1410 may also be formed of a variety of
biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials. The text setting
forth potential suture threading methods, line lock advancement
methods, materials, and the like for the line lock 310 may also
apply to the line lock 1410 and/or any other embodiment of the
invention.
[0221] Referring to FIG. 29, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 1510 according to another embodiment of the invention. As in
the previous embodiment, the line lock 1510 has a body 1512 with a
disc-like shape. The body 1512 has a top surface 1514, a bottom
surface 1516, and a periphery 1518 arranged between the top surface
1514 and the bottom surface 1516 to define the circular profile of
the body 1512. The body 1512 bounds a first primary passageway
1522, a second primary passageway 1523, a first secondary
passageway 1524, a second secondary passageway 1525, and a first
working passageway 1528.
[0222] As in the previous embodiment, the first working passageway
1528 has an access region 1532 and a pair of oppositely disposed
capture slots 1534. However, in place of the grooves 1436, 1437 of
the previous embodiment, the body 1512 has a central plateau 1536
around which the primary and secondary passageways 1522, 1523,
1524, 1525 are arranged. The first working passageway 1528 extends
through the central plateau 1536.
[0223] The central plateau 1536 may be somewhat tapered so as to
form a sharpened rim 1538. The central plateau 1536 has a concave
surface 1540 that passes along a generally circular pathway between
the sharpened rim 1538 and the remainder of the body 1512. The
sharpened rim 1538 has a pair of ears 1542 that extend between the
first primary passageway 1522 and the second secondary passageway
1525, and between the second primary passageway 1523 and the first
secondary passageway 1524. The top surface of the central plateau
1536 elevates as it extends outward, along the capture slots
1534.
[0224] The suture 350 may be routed through the passageways 1522,
1523, 1524, 1525, 1528 of the line lock 1510 in a manner similar to
that of the line lock 1410 of the previous embodiment. Accordingly,
both locking portions 356, 357 of the suture 350 will extend
through the first working passageway 1528. The first working
portion 354 will extend from the first working passageway 1528 to
lie along the central plateau 1536 and the top surface 1514 between
the first primary and secondary passageways 1522, 1524. The second
working portion 355 will extend from the first working passageway
1528 to lie along the central plateau 1536 and the top surface 1514
between the second primary and secondary passageways 1523,
1525.
[0225] When the standing portion 352 is tensioned, the compression
sections 360, 361 will compress the working portions 354, 355
against the sharpened rim 1538 of the central plateau 1536, thereby
forming bends and applying friction to keep the working portions
354, 355 from moving back toward the first working passageway 1528.
The sharpened rim 1538 effectively forms a function similar to that
of the sharpened lips 1438 of the grooves 1436, 1437 of the
previous embodiment. The compression sections 360 may tend to slide
outward to either side of the central plateau 1536 to enhance the
bends formed in the working portions 354, 355.
[0226] Referring to FIG. 30, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 610 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 610 has a body 612 with a disc-like shape.
The body 612 has a top surface 614, a bottom surface 616, and a
periphery 618 that extends between the top surface 614 and the
bottom surface 616 to define the generally circular profile of the
body 612. The body 612 bounds a first primary passageway 622 and a
first secondary passageway 624, but no second primary or secondary
passageways. The first primary and secondary passageways 622, 624
are generally arc-shaped, and each of the first primary and
secondary passageways 622, 624 is broad enough to accommodate
multiple passes of the suture 350.
[0227] The body 612 also bounds a first working passageway 628 and
a second working passageway 629. The working passageways 628, 629
may be shaped similarly to the working passageways 328, 329 of the
embodiment of FIG. 19, in that each of the working passageways 628,
629 has a keyhole-like shape with an access region 632 sized to
permit passage of the suture 350 with clearance, and a capture slot
634 sized to grip the suture 350. The capture slots 634 are
oriented inward, toward the center of the body 612.
[0228] The body 612 also has a central depression 636 positioned
between the first primary and secondary passageways 622, 624. The
central depression 636 may have a bowtie-like shape. The central
depression 636 has side walls 638 that extend generally
perpendicular to the top surface 614. Sharpened edges 640 are
formed by the intersection of the side walls 638 with the top
surface 614. The sharpened edges 640 serve to enhance locking of
the suture 350 in a manner that will be set forth in connection
with FIGS. 31 and 32.
[0229] Referring to FIG. 31, a perspective view illustrates a
system 648 including the line lock 610 and the suture 350 passing
through the passageways 622, 624, 628, 629 in a relatively loose
configuration. As shown, the first locking portion 356 passes first
through the first primary passageway 622, and then through the
first secondary passageway 624 to define the first compression
section 360. The second locking portion 357 passes first through
the first secondary passageway 624 and then through the first
primary passageway 622 to define the second compression section
361.
[0230] From the first secondary passageway 624, the first locking
portion 356 passes through the first working passageway 628, and
the first working portion 354 extends from the first working
passageway 628, between the top surface 614 and the first
compression section 360. Similarly, from the first primary
passageway 622, the second locking portion 357 passes through the
second working passageway 629, and the second working portion 355
extends from the second working passageway 629, between the top
surface 614 and the second compression section 361.
[0231] Referring to FIG. 32, a perspective view illustrates the
assembly 648 of FIG. 31, with the suture 350 passing relatively
tightly through the passageways 622, 624, 628, 629. When the
standing portion 352 is tensioned, the compression sections 360,
361 press the working portions 354, 355 against the top surface 614
and/or into the central depression 636. The working portions 354,
355 are also pressed against the sharpened edges 640 to form bends
in the working portions 354, 355 and to provide friction to keep
the working portions 354, 355 from moving toward the working
passageways 628, 629, respectively. The sharpened edges 640
effectively serve a function similar to that of the sharpened rim
538 and the sharpened lips 1438 of previous embodiments.
[0232] Referring to FIG. 33, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 710 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. As in previous embodiments, the line lock 710 has a body
712 with a disc-like shape. The body 712 has a top surface 714, a
bottom surface 716, and a periphery 718 that extends between the
top surface 714 and the bottom surface 716 to define the generally
circular profile of the body 712. The body 712 bounds a first
primary passageway 722 and a first secondary passageway 724. The
first primary and secondary passageways 722, 724 are generally
arc-shaped, and each of the first primary and secondary passageways
722, 724 is broad enough to accommodate multiple passes of the
suture 350.
[0233] The body 712 further bounds a first working passageway 728
and a second working passageway 729. Each of the working
passageways 728, 729 includes an access region 732 that is sized to
permit passage of the suture 350 therethrough with clearance.
Furthermore, the body 712 has a first trough 734 adjoining the
first working passageway 728 and a second trough 735 adjoining the
second working passageway 729. The troughs 734, 735 are sized to
press against the suture 350 to keep the suture 350 from sliding
freely through the troughs 734, 735.
[0234] The body 712 also has a central plateau 736, a first groove
738, and a second groove 739. The grooves 738, 739 are positioned
on either side of the central plateau 736 such that the first
groove 738 lies between the central plateau 736 and the first
working passageway 728 and the second groove 739 lies between the
central plateau 736 and the second working passageway 729. The
grooves 738, 739 are relatively straight and connect opposing ends
of the first primary and secondary passageways 722, 724
together.
[0235] The grooves 738, 739 define a pair of inner walls 740 and a
pair of outer walls 742, all of which extend generally
perpendicular to the top surface 714. The inner walls 740 also
provide the sides of the central plateau 736 and define sharpened
edges 744 where they intersect the top surface of the central
plateau 736.
[0236] Referring to FIG. 34, a perspective view illustrates a
system 748 including the line lock 710 of FIG. 27 and the suture
350 passing relatively loosely through the passageways 722, 724,
728, 729 of the line lock 710. If desired, the suture 350 may be
routed through the passageways 722, 724, 728, 729 in a manner very
similar to that of the previous embodiment. Alternatively, as shown
in FIG. 34, the first locking portion 356 may pass through the
first secondary passageway 724, then through the first primary
passageway 722, thereby defining the first compression section 360,
and then through the first working passageway 728. Similarly, the
second locking portion 357 may pass through the first primary
passageway 722, then the first secondary passageway 724, thereby
defining the second compression section 361, and then through the
second working passageway 729.
[0237] From the first working passageway 728, the first working
portion 354 passes between the first compression section 360 and
the top surface 614 and/or the first trough 734 and the first
groove 738. Similarly, from the second working passageway 729, the
second working portion 355 passes between the second compression
section 361 and the top surface 714 and/or the second trough
735
[0238] Referring to FIG. 35, a perspective view illustrates the
system 748 of FIG. 34, with the suture 350 routed relatively
tightly through the passageways 722, 724, 728, 729 of the line lock
710. When the standing portion 352 is tensioned, the compression
sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354, 355 against the
top surface 714, the troughs 734, 735, the grooves 738, 739, and
the sharpened edge 744. The sharpened edge 744 helps to form a bend
in each of the working portions 354, 355, and to provide friction
that keeps the working portions 354, 355 from moving back toward
the working passageways 728, 729. The working portions 354, 355 are
also pressed into the troughs 734, 735, which add additional
friction. Part of each of the working portions 354, 355 may be
pressed into the grooves 738, 739 to enhance bending of the working
portions 354, 355, thereby providing stronger locking.
[0239] Referring to FIG. 36, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 810 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. As in previous embodiments, the line lock 810 has a body
812 with a generally disc-like shape. The body 812 has a top
surface 814, a bottom surface 816, and a periphery 818 extending
between the top surface 814 and the bottom surface 816 to define
the generally circular profile of the body 812. The body 812 bounds
a first primary passageway 822, a second primary passageway 823, a
first secondary passageway 824, and a second secondary passageway
825. All of the primary and secondary passageways 822, 823, 824,
825 are positioned proximate the periphery 818. However, the body
812 does not bound any working passageways.
[0240] The primary and secondary passageways 822, 823, 824, 825 are
shaped in a manner similar to those of the embodiment of FIG. 19,
and may thus be somewhat elongated to permit them to receive a
doubled-over suture end or the like. Since no working passageways
are present, the suture 350 may pass outside the periphery 818, and
may rest against the periphery 818 in place of the bore of a
working passageway.
[0241] For example, the standing portion of the suture 350 (not
shown in FIG. 36) may extend from the bottom surface 816. The first
locking portion 356 may pass through the first primary passageway
822, then through the first secondary passageway 824 to define the
first compression section 360, and then around a first working
portion 828 of the periphery 818. Similarly, the second locking
portion 357 may pass through the second primary passageway 823,
then through the second secondary passageway 825 to define the
second compression section 361, and then around a second working
portion 829 of the periphery. Although the suture 350 is not
illustrated in FIG. 36, the pattern applied to the suture 350 by
engagement with the line lock 810 may be similar to that of FIGS.
38 and 39, which will be described subsequently. Alternatively, the
pattern applied to the suture 350 by engagement of the line lock
810 may be similar to that of FIGS. 41 and 42, which will also be
described subsequently.
[0242] When the line lock 810 is locked, the compression sections
360, 361 may press the working portions 354, 355 of the suture
against the top surface 814. The working portions 354, 355 must
bend around the working portions 828, 829 of the periphery 818,
which serve to provide friction in addition to bending. If desired,
the working portions 828, 829 may be sharpened, notched, or
otherwise shaped to enhance the magnitude of friction they provide.
As in other embodiments, the working portions 354, 355 also
frictionally engage the compression sections 360, 361. The line
lock 810 of FIG. 36 is relatively compact, and may be especially
useful for tissue retention in highly constrained spaces.
[0243] Referring to FIG. 37, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 910 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 910 has a body 912 with a disc-like shape.
The body 912 may have a top surface 914, a bottom surface 916, and
a periphery 918 that extends between the top surface 914 and the
bottom surface 916 to define the generally circular profile of the
body 912. As in the previous embodiment, the body 912 bounds a
first primary passageway 922, a second primary passageway 923, a
first secondary passageway 924, and a second secondary passageway
925.
[0244] Working passageways have again been omitted, and the
periphery 918 includes first and second working portions 928, 929
along which the suture 350 may be routed in place of working
passageways. Additionally, the body 912 has a first groove 936
extending between the first primary and secondary passageways 922,
924, and a second groove 937 extending between the second primary
and secondary passageways 923, 925. The grooves 936, 937 define
sharpened lips 938 where they intersect the top surface 914. The
sharpened lips 938 face outward, and each of the sharpened lips 938
has a generally arcuate shape similar to the generally arcuate
shape of each of the grooves 936, 937.
[0245] Referring to FIG. 38, a perspective view illustrates a
system 948 including the line lock 910 and the suture 350, with the
suture 350 passing relatively loosely through the passageways 922,
923, 924, 925 of the line lock 910. As shown, the first locking
portion 356 passes through the first primary passageway 922, then
the first secondary passageway 924, thereby defining the first
compression section 360 of the suture 350. Similarly, the second
locking portion 357 passes through the second primary passageway
923, then through the second secondary passageway 925 to define the
second compression section 361 of the suture 350.
[0246] The first locking portion 356 then passes around the first
working portion 928 of the periphery 918, and then between the top
surface 914 and the first compression section 360. By the same
token, the second locking portion 357 then passes around the second
working portion 929 of the periphery 918, and then between the top
surface 914 and the second compression section 361.
[0247] Referring to FIG. 39, a perspective view illustrates the
system 948 of FIG. 38, with the suture 350 passing relatively
tightly through the passageways 922, 923, 924, 925 of the line lock
910. When the standing portion 352 tightens, the compression
sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354, 355 of the suture
350 against the grooves 936, 937 and the top surface 914, including
the sharpened lips 938. The sharpened lips 938 provide bends in the
working portions 354, 355, and also exert frictional force on the
working portions 354, 355 to keep them from moving toward the
working portions 928, 929 of the periphery 918. The compression
sections 360, 361 may slide into the grooves 936, 937 to enhance
bending of the working portions 354, 355.
[0248] Referring to FIG. 40, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 1010 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 1010 has a body 1012 with a disc-like
shape. The body 1012 has a top surface 1014, a bottom surface 1016,
and a periphery 1018 extending between the top surface 1014 and the
bottom surface 1016 to provide the generally circular profile of
the body 1012. The body 1012 bounds a first primary passageway 1022
and a second primary passageway 1023.
[0249] Furthermore, the body 1012 partially bounds a first
secondary passageway 1024 and a second secondary passageway 1025.
In the embodiment of FIG. 40, the secondary passageways 1024, 1025
take the form of notches formed in the periphery 1018. As mentioned
previously, the term "passageway," as used in this application, is
broadly interpreted to include partially bound apertures, open
channels, recesses, grooves, slots, and the like, that are capable
of receiving a line and at least partially retaining the line
therein. Accordingly, the structures labeled by reference numbers
1024, 1025 of FIG. 40 are, indeed, passageways. The secondary
passageways 1024, 1025 are contiguous with the periphery 1018
because the bore of each of the secondary passageways 1024, 1025
transitions directly into the periphery 1018, with no significant
intervening surface.
[0250] The body 1012 also bounds a first working passageway 1028
and a second working passageway 1029. The primary passageways 1022,
1023 and the working passageways 1028, 1029 may be shaped similarly
to the primary and secondary passageways 322, 323, 324, 325 of the
embodiment of FIG. 19, in that they are slightly elongated to
permit passage of a doubled-over suture end. The body 1012 also has
a first groove 1036 extending between the first primary passageway
1022 and the first secondary passageway 1024, and a second groove
1037 extending between the second primary passageway 1023 and the
second secondary passageway 1025.
[0251] Referring to FIG. 41, a perspective view illustrates a
system 1048 including the line lock 1010 of FIG. 40 and the suture
350 passing relatively loosely through the passageways 1022, 1023,
1024, 1025, 1028, 1029 of the body 1012. As shown, the first
locking portion 356 of the suture 350 extends through the first
primary passageway 1022, then through the first secondary
passageway 1024 to define the first compression section 360.
Similarly, the second locking portion 357 extends through the
second primary passageway 1023, then through the second secondary
passageway 1025 to define the second compression section 361.
[0252] From the first secondary passageway 1024, the first locking
portion 356 extends through the first working passageway 1028, and
then between the first compression section 360 and the top surface
1014 and the first groove 1036. Similarly, from the second
secondary passageway 1025, the second locking portion 357 extends
through the second working passageway 1029, and then between the
second compression section 361 and the top surface 1014 and the
second groove 1037.
[0253] Referring to FIG. 42, a perspective view illustrates the
system 1048 of FIG. 35, with the suture 350 passing relatively
tightly through the passageways 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1028, 1029
of the body 1012. When the standing portion 352 is tensioned, the
compression sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354, 355
against the top surface 1014 and the grooves 1036, 1037. The
working portions 354, 355 lie generally perpendicular to the
grooves 1036, 1037 and are pressed into the grooves 1036, 1037 to
form a pair of bends in each of the working portions 354, 355. The
edges of the grooves 1036, 1037 also exert frictional force on the
working portions 354, 355 to keep them from moving toward the
working passageways 1028, 1029.
[0254] Referring to FIG. 43, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 1110 according to another embodiment of the invention. As
shown, the line lock 1110 has a body 1112 with a generally
rectangular prismatic shape, with rounded corners. The body 1112
has a top surface 1114, a bottom surface 1116, and a periphery 1118
extending between the top surface 1114 and the bottom surface 1116
to define the generally rectangular profile of the body 1112. The
body 1112 at least partially bounds a plurality of passageways that
enable the body 1112 to perform the function of half of the line
lock 1010 of the previous embodiment, as will be set forth in
greater detail below.
[0255] The passageways of the body 1112 include a first primary
passageway 1122 fully bounded by the body 1112, a first secondary
passageway 1124 partially bounded by the body 1112, and a first
working passageway 1128 fully bounded by the body 1112. The first
primary, secondary, and working passageways 1122, 1124, 1128 are
similar to their counterparts 1022, 1024, 1028 from the previous
embodiment, and operate to retain the suture 350 in a similar
manner. Additionally, the body 1112 includes a first groove 1136
similar to the first groove 1036 of the previous embodiment.
[0256] Referring to FIG. 44, a perspective view illustrates a
system 1148 including the line lock 1110 and the suture 350 passing
relatively loosely through the passageways 1122, 1124, 1128 of the
body 1112. The first locking portion 356 of the suture 350 passes
through the first primary passageway 1122, then through the first
secondary passageway 1124 to define the first compression section
360 of the suture 350. The first locking portion 356 then passes
through the first working passageway 1128. From the first working
passageway 1128, the first working portion 354 passes between the
first compression section 360 and the top surface 1114 and the
first groove 1136.
[0257] Referring to FIG. 45, a perspective view illustrates the
system 1148 of FIG. 44, with the suture 350 passing relatively
tightly through the passageways 1122, 1124, 1128. When the standing
portion 352 is tensioned, the first compression section 360 presses
the first working portion 354 against the top surface 1114 and the
first groove 1136. As in the previous embodiment, the first groove
1136 helps to form bends in the first working portion 354 and to
exert frictional force to keep the first working portion 354 from
moving back toward the first working passageway 1128. Thus, as in
previous embodiments, the first locking portion 356 is only able to
move through the passageways 1122, 1124, 1128 along one
direction.
[0258] In FIGS. 44 and 45, the working portion 352 is shown as an
end, not a loop. However, the suture 350 need not terminate at the
working portion 352 as shown, but may continue to provide the
second locking portion 357 including the second compression section
361, and then the second working portion 355 (not shown in FIG.
44), as illustrated in connection with previous embodiments. The
working portion 352 may then form a loop, and a second line lock
(not shown) similar to the line lock 1110 may be used to lockably
retain the second locking portion 357. Thus, the two line locks may
cooperate to retain tissue.
[0259] Alternatively, the working portion 352 may indeed terminate
with no loop. The working portion 352 may instead be tied or
otherwise attached to an anchor or the like, so that the line lock
1110 can be used to cinch tissue along the standing portion 352 by
moving along only one length of the suture 350. Since the line lock
1110 is only made to retain one length of the suture 350, the line
lock 1110 may be relatively compact by comparison with previous
embodiments, and may thus be especially useful for tissue retention
in constrained spaces.
[0260] Referring to FIG. 46, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 1210 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. As in the previous embodiment, the line lock 1210 has a
body 1212 with a generally rectangular prismatic shape, with
rounded corners. The body 1212 has a top surface 1214, a bottom
surface 1216, and a periphery 1218 extending between the top
surface 1214 and the bottom surface 1216 to define the generally
rectangular profile of the body 1212. The body 1212 is configured
similarly to the body 1112 of the previous embodiment, except that
the body 1212 has passageways sized to simultaneously receive and
lock multiple suture lengths.
[0261] More precisely, the body 1212 bounds a first primary
passageway 1222, partially bounds a first secondary passageway
1224, and bounds a first working passageway 1228. The first primary
and working passageways 1222, 1228 are elongated so as to be
capable of simultaneously receiving multiple suture lengths. The
first secondary passageway 1224 is only partially bounded by the
body 1212, and may therefore be able to receive multiple suture
lengths without elongation. As in the previous embodiment, the body
1212 also includes a first groove 1236 that extends between the
first primary and secondary passageways 1222, 1224.
[0262] Referring to FIG. 47, a perspective view illustrates a
system 1248 including the line lock 1210 and the suture 350, with
the suture 350 passing relatively loosely through the passageways
1222, 1224, 1228 of the body 1212. FIG. 47 illustrates the standing
portion 352, both working portions 354, 355, and both locking
portions 356, 357 of the suture 350, including both compression
sections 360, 361. The standing portion 352 is again illustrated as
a loop.
[0263] As shown, the locking portions 356, 357 are routed through
the passageways 1222, 1224, 1228 side-by-side. More precisely, the
locking portions 356, 357 pass through the first primary passageway
1222, then through the first secondary passageway 1224 to define
the first and second compression sections 360, 361. The locking
portions 356, 357 then pass through the first working passageway
1228. From the first working passageway 1228, the working portions
354, 355 pass between the compression sections 360, 361 and the top
surface 1214 and the first groove 1236.
[0264] Referring to FIG. 48, a perspective view illustrates the
system 1248 of FIG. 47, with the suture 350 relatively tightly
passing through the passageways 1222, 1224, 1228 of the body 1212.
The compression sections 360, 361 press the working portions 354,
355 against the top surface 1214 and the first groove 1236. The
first groove 1236 helps to form bends in the working portions 354,
355 and to exert frictional force to keep the first working
portions 354, 355 from moving back toward the first working
passageway 1228. Thus, as in previous embodiments, the locking
portions 356, 357 are only able to move through the passageways
1222, 1224, 1228 along one direction. As in previous embodiments,
the standing portion 352 may pass through an anchor or the like to
enable usage of the line lock 1210 for tissue retention.
[0265] The present invention has particular relevance to surgery,
and more particularly to tissue retention through the use of
sutures. However, the principles, structures, and methods of the
present invention may also be extended to other fields, including
the use of larger line locks for locking ropes or cables in a wide
variety of applications.
[0266] As previously described in U.S. application Ser. No.
10/942,275, referring to FIG. 49, a perspective view illustrates
one embodiment of a system 2400 including the line lock 310 of FIG.
19 (not visible in FIG. 49), and various implements to help insert,
or "thread," the suture 350 through the passageways 322, 323, 324,
325, 328, 329 of the line lock 310. A longitudinal direction 2402,
a lateral direction 2404, and a transverse direction 2406 cooperate
to form a system of orthogonal axes that will be used for reference
in the following description.
[0267] In addition to the line lock 310, the system 2400 includes a
cartridge 2410, a first threader 2412, and a second threader 2414.
The cartridge 2410 contains the line lock 310 and, when in the
closed configuration shown in FIG. 49, substantially encloses the
line lock 310 to facilitate insertion of the suture 350 through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329, and possibly, to help
isolate the line lock 310 from contaminants. In this application,
the phrase "substantially enclose" does not require full enclosure;
rather, some portion(s) of the substantially enclosed part may
protrude from the enclosure.
[0268] The cartridge 2410 may be formed of a plastic such as
polypropylene, PEEK, or the like. The threaders 2412, 2414 pass
through the cartridge 2410 along first and second pathways,
respectively, to enable a user to draw the suture 350 through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 along the correct pattern,
as will be described in greater detail subsequently. The threaders
2412, 2414 may be formed substantially of a fibrous material or a
plastic, such as nylon.
[0269] As shown in FIG. 49, the cartridge 2410 has a first
longitudinal end 2420, a second longitudinal end 2422, a first
lateral end 2424, and a second lateral end 2426. The threaders
2412, 2414 pass through the longitudinal ends 2420, 2422.
Furthermore, the cartridge 2410 has a lid 2430 designed to move
with respect to the remainder of the cartridge 2410, which will be
referred to as a containment portion 2432. More specifically, a
living hinge 2434 extends generally along the first lateral end
2424, between the adjacent edges of the lid 2430 and the
containment portion 2432. The living hinge 2434 is integrally
formed with the lid 2430 and the containment portion 2432 and
flexes to enable pivotal motion of the lid 2430 with respect to the
containment portion 2432. In alternative embodiments, a
conventional hinge may be used, or a lid may be slidable with
respect to and/or fully removable from the remainder of the
cartridge, thereby obviating the need for a hinging mechanism.
[0270] A first tab 2436 integrally formed with the lid 2430 and a
second tab 2438 integrally formed with the containment portion 2432
may easily be pushed in opposite directions, for example, by a
user's thumbs, to open the cartridge 2410. The lid 2430 and the
containment portion 2432 may be designed to adhere to each other at
the second lateral end 2426 so that the cartridge 2410 only opens
when a threshold force is applied. Thus, the cartridge 2410 may not
open if dropped or jostled.
[0271] The first longitudinal end 2420 has a first set of slots
2440 through which the threaders) 2412, 2414 pass. Similarly, the
second longitudinal end 2422 has a second set of slots 2442 through
which the threaders 2412, 2414 pass. Thus, the threaders 2412, 2414
extend into the cartridge 2410 through the first longitudinal end
2420 and out again through the second longitudinal end 2422. Each
of the threaders 2412, 2414 has a leading end 2450 adjacent to the
second set of slots 2442 and a trailing end 2452 adjacent to the
first set of slots 2440.
[0272] Each of the leading ends 2450 has a pull feature designed to
facilitate grasping and drawing of the leading ends 2450 by hand.
In the embodiment of FIG. 49, the pull features take the form of
grips 2454 that may be easily grasped, for example, between a thumb
and an index finger. The grips 2454 may be plastic rods crimped,
insert molded, adhesive bonded, or otherwise attached to the
remainder of the threaders 2412, 2414. In alternative embodiments,
differently configured pull features may be used, including rigid
rings, flexible loops, spherical beads, squared beads, and the
like.
[0273] Additionally, each of the trailing ends 2452 has a suture
retention feature designed to retain a portion of a suture to
enable the threaders 2412, 2414 to draw the suture through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 of the line lock 310. In
FIG. 49, the suture retention features take the form of eyelets
2456, each of which is able to receive an end of the suture such
that the suture end can double back on itself to be drawn through
the cartridge 2410. The eyelets 2456 may be crimped, adhesive
bonded, insert molded, or otherwise attached to the remainder of
the threaders 2412, 2414. In alternative embodiments, differently
configured suture retention features may be used, including
adhesive-coated surfaces, collets, clips, flexible loops, and the
like.
[0274] The eyelets 2456 may be retained to ensure that they are not
drawn into the cartridge 2410 prior to attachment to the suture to
be threaded through the line lock 310. For example, the containment
portion 2432 may have retention posts 2458 that extend in the
longitudinal direction 2402 on either side of each of the slots of
the first set of slots 2440. Each of the eyelets 2456 may
optionally be looped around a pair of the retention posts 2458 so
that each eyelet 2456 is unable to enter the corresponding slot of
the first set of slots 2440 until the eyelet 2456 is removed from
around the retention posts 2458. Each of the eyelets 2456 may need
to be slightly larger than shown in FIG. 49 to enable them to
encircle a pair of the retention posts 2458. The retention posts
2458 may also serve a similar function if loops or other flexible
suture retention features are used in place of the eyelets
2456.
[0275] Referring to FIG. 50, a perspective view illustrates the
system 2400 of FIG. 49, with the cartridge 2410 in the open
configuration to expose the line lock 310. The suture 350 has also
been inserted into engagement with the trailing ends 2452 of the
threaders 2412, 2414. More precisely, a first suture portion 2460
of the suture 350 has been inserted through the eyelet 2456 of the
first threader 2412, and a second suture portion 2462 of the suture
350 has been inserted through the eyelet 2456 of the second
threader 2414. The first and second suture portions 2460, 2462 are
doubled back on themselves to permit the eyelets 2456 to draw them
through the cartridge 2410 and through the passageways 322, 323,
324, 325, 328, 329 (not visible in FIG. 50) of the line lock
310.
[0276] Each of the suture portions 2460, 2462 may correspond to one
or more of the various portions 352, 354, 355, 356, 357 of the
suture 350. However, no direct correlation is necessary because any
portion(s) of the suture 350 may be drawn through the line lock 310
via the cartridge 2410 and the threaders 2412, 2414. In the
alternative to threading two portions of a suture through the line
lock 310, the system 2400 may be used to thread two separate
sutures through the line lock 310.
[0277] As shown in FIG. 50, the containment portion 2432 has a pair
of sockets 2464 formed therein. Each of the sockets 2464 may
provide a generally rectangular cavity surrounded by a wall that is
slotted to permit expansion of the socket 2464. The lid 2430 has a
pair of posts 2466 that are generally rectangular in shape, and are
sized and positioned to slide into the sockets 2464 when the
cartridge 2410 is in the closed configuration. The posts 2466 may
be sized to fit relatively tightly into the sockets 2464 so that
the cartridge 2410 does not open until the threshold force is
applied to remove the posts 2466 from the sockets 2464.
[0278] The containment portion 2432 also has a central divider 2470
that extends generally along the lateral direction 2404 to
effectively separate the containment portion 2432 into two separate
compartments. The containment portion 2432 defines a retention
feature designed to retain the line lock 310. In this application,
the terms "retention feature" and "threading feature" are to be
broadly interpreted to include, not just single structural
elements, but also groups of elements that cooperate to carry out
line lock retention or suture threading.
[0279] In FIG. 50, the retention feature takes the form of a pair
of troughs 2472 positioned on either side of a space in which the
line lock 310 rests within the containment portion 2432. The
troughs 2472 face each other such that they retain the periphery
318 of the body 312 of the line lock 310 to resist motion of the
line lock 310 along the longitudinal and transverse directions
2402, 2406. The troughs 2472 are exposed on the open side of the
containment portion 2432 so that the line lock 310 can be inserted
into the space between the troughs 2472, or removed therefrom, by
moving the line lock 310 along the transverse direction 2406.
[0280] Additionally, the containment portion 2432 has a threading
feature designed to help guide the suture 350 through the
passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 along the desired pattern.
In FIG. 50, the threading feature takes the form of a pair of posts
2474 positioned on either side of the central divider 2470, and
thus on either side of the space in which the line lock 310 rests.
Each of the posts 2474 may have a generally teardrop-shaped cross
section, as taken through a plane parallel to the longitudinal and
transverse directions 2402, 2406. Each of the posts 2474 also has a
slot 2476 facing the adjacent one of the first and second
longitudinal ends 2420, 2422.
[0281] The threaders 2412, 2414 are wrapped around the posts 2474
along a configuration similar to that provided by the suture 350
illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21. More precisely, from its trailing
end 2452, the first threader 2412 passes through one of the first
set of slots 2440, then through the first primary passageway 322
(not visible in FIG. 50) and then through the first secondary
passageway 323 (not visible) to define a first loop 2480 of the
first threader 2412. From the first secondary passageway 323, the
first threader 2412 passes through the first working passageway 328
(not visible) to define a second loop 2482 of the first threader
2412. From the first working passageway 328, the first threader
2412 extends through the first loop 2480 and then passes through
the corresponding one of the second set of slots 2442, to the
leading end 2450.
[0282] Similarly, from its trailing end 2452, the second threader
2414 passes through one of the first set of slots 2440, then
through the second primary passageway 2324 (not visible in FIG. 50)
and then through the second secondary passageway 325 (not visible)
to define a first loop 2484 of the second threader 2414. From the
second secondary passageway 325, the second threader 2414 passes
through the second working passageway 329 (not visible) to define a
second loop 2486 of the second threader 2414. From the second
working passageway 329, the second threader 2414 extends through
the first loop 2484 and then passes through the corresponding one
of the second set of slots 2442, to the leading end 2450.
[0283] The various portions of the threaders 2412, 2414 may be
positioned to correspond to portions of the suture 350, as labeled
in FIGS. 20 and 21. For example, the trailing ends 2452 may
correspond to the standing portion 352 of the suture 350, the
leading ends 2450 may correspond to the working portions 354, 355,
and the loops 2480, 2482, 2484, 2486 may correspond to the locking
portions 356, 357. The first loops 2480, 2484 of the threaders
2412, 2414, respectively, may more precisely correspond to the
compression sections 360, 361 of the locking portions 356, 357.
Accordingly, when the suture 350 is drawn through the passageways
322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 by the threaders 2412, the suture 350
assumes a configuration having the various portions 352, 354, 355,
356, 357 and sections 360, 361, as illustrated in FIGS. 20 and
21.
[0284] As also shown in FIG. 50, the lid 2430 has a pair of
blocking members 2490 that engage the posts 2474 when the cartridge
2410 is closed to keep the various loops 2480, 2482, 2484, in
place. More precisely, each of the blocking members 2490 has a
longitudinal portion 2492 extending along the longitudinal
direction 2402, and a transverse portion 2494 extending along the
transverse direction 2406. The longitudinal portions 2492 may be
positioned to seat in the slots 2476 of the posts 2474 to ensure
that the loops 2480, 2482, 2484, 2486 cannot slip from the posts
2474 by moving laterally toward the lid 2430, into a gap that may
exist between the posts 2474 and the lid 2430. Similarly, the
transverse portions 2494 may be positioned inward of and adjacent
to the first and second sets of slots 2440, 2442 to ensure that the
leading and trailing ends 2450, 2452 of the threaders 2412, 2414
are unable to slide out of the slots 2440, 2442 by moving laterally
toward the lid 2430, into a gap that may exist between the slots
2440, 2442 and the lid 2430.
[0285] Referring to FIG. 51, a perspective view illustrates the
system 2400 of FIG. 49, with the cartridge 2410 open to expose the
line lock 310. In FIG. 51, the first threader 2412 is drawn
partially through the cartridge 2410 so that the corresponding
first suture portion 2460 of the suture 350 is partially drawn
through the corresponding passageways 322, 324, 328 (not visible in
FIG. 51) of the line lock 310.
[0286] More precisely, the first suture portion 2460 has been drawn
through the corresponding one of the first set of slots 2420 and
through the first primary passageway 322 (not visible in FIG. 51)
of the line lock 310. Further, the first suture portion 2460 has
been drawn along the first loop 2480 of the first threader 2412 so
that the first suture portion 2460 encircles the post 2474 toward
the second longitudinal side 2422, in place of the first loop
2480.
[0287] The leading, doubled-over portion of the first suture
portion 2460 is thus poised to enter the first secondary passageway
324 (not visible). From the first secondary passageway 324, the
first suture portion 2460 will then be drawn along the second loop
2482 of the first threader 2412, through the first working
passageway 328 (not visible), and then through the corresponding
one of the second set of slots 2442 in the second longitudinal end
2422. The leading, doubled-over portion of the first suture portion
2460 will then protrude from the cartridge 2410 and may easily be
grasped and drawn by hand until the line lock 310 is positioned at
the desired location along the length of the first suture portion
2460.
[0288] The second suture portion 2462 may be drawn through the
cartridge 2410 in a similar manner, as described previously in
connection with the discussion of FIG. 50. Thus, both suture
portions 2460, 2462 may be drawn fully through the cartridge 2410
and through the passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329 of the
line lock 310. The suture portions 2460, 2462 may be drawn through
the cartridge 2410 with the cartridge in the open configuration, as
illustrated in FIG. 51, or with the cartridge 2410 in the closed
configuration. If desired, part or all of the cartridge 2410 may be
made translucent or transparent so that a user can easily verify
proper threading without opening the cartridge 2410.
[0289] Referring to FIG. 52, a perspective view illustrates the
system 2400 of FIG. 49, with the cartridge 2410 in the open
configuration to expose the line lock 310. The suture 350 has been
fully threaded through the passageways 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329
of the line lock 310 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21.
Accordingly, the line lock 310 need only be removed from the
cartridge 2410 prior to use to retain tissue.
[0290] Referring to FIG. 53, a perspective view illustrates the
system 2400 of FIG. 49, with the cartridge 2410 in the open
configuration, and with the line lock 310 and the suture 350
removed from the cartridge 2410 for use. The line lock 310 has been
drawn from the space between the troughs 2472 by drawing the line
lock 310 along the lateral direction 2404, toward the space the lid
2430 would occupy if the cartridge 2410 were closed. The first and
second suture portions 2460, 2462 are also drawn along the same
direction to slide free of the posts 2474 and the first and second
sets of slots 2440, 2442.
[0291] As shown, the various portions and sections 352, 354, 355,
356, 357, 360, 361 of the suture 350 are arranged substantially as
shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. The standing portion 352 may connect the
first and second suture portions 2460, 2461 together at a location
not illustrated in FIG. 53. The standing portion 352 may be
inserted through an anchor embedded in tissue, or otherwise
positioned behind tissues to be retained by the system 2400, prior
to performance of the threading process set forth above. If the
standing portion 352 is not required to pass through an enclosed
aperture, the standing portion 352 may be positioned with respect
to the tissue to be retained after the suture 350 has been threaded
through the line lock 310.
[0292] In alternative embodiments, the first and second suture
portions 2460, 2462 may be two separate lengths of suture. The
first and second suture portions 2460, 2462 may then be attached to
their respective anchor points, or to each other, before or after
they are threaded through the line lock 310. If desired, the first
and second suture portions 2460, 2462, as separate sutures, may be
attached to two different anchor points and the line lock 310 may
be applied to draw the anchor points, and thereby the connected
tissues, together.
[0293] As another alternative, the line lock 310 may only receive a
single suture portion via the cartridge 2410 and one of the
threaders 2412, 2414. Such a single suture portion may be attached
to an anchor at one end and tightened via the line lock 310 to
retain tissue. As yet another alternative, a differently configured
line lock (not shown) may be retained within the cartridge 2410 to
receive a single suture portion. Such a line lock may operate as
the functional equivalent of the line lock 310, and may thus have
only the first passageways 322, 324, 328.
[0294] Returning to the configuration of FIG. 53, once the suture
350 has been properly threaded through the passageways 322, 323,
324, 325, 328, 329 (some of which are not visible in FIG. 53), the
line lock 310 may then be used to retain the tissue as desired.
This may be accomplished by following the procedures outlined
previously, i.e., holding the working portions 354, 355 and
advancing the line lock 310 along the suture 350 to constrict the
standing portion 352, either with or without an insertion tool, and
then trimming the suture 350.
[0295] Thus, the suture 350 may easily be threaded through the line
lock 310 in the proper pattern to ensure that the line lock 310 is
able to perform as desired. Threading may be performed without
significantly compromising the sterility of the line lock 310, the
suture 350, or the operating environment. Thus, the convenience,
reliability, and safety of tissue retention operations may be
enhanced through the present invention.
[0296] And as previously described in U.S. application Ser. No.
11/001,866, referring to FIG. 54, a perspective view illustrates a
line lock 2210 according to one alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 2210 has a body 2212 with a generally
rectangular shape, with a top surface 2214, a bottom surface 2216,
and a periphery 2218 that separates the top surface 2214 from the
bottom surface 2216. The body 2212 fully bounds a primary
passageway 2222 and partially bounds a secondary passageway 2224.
In the embodiment of FIG. 54, the secondary passageway 2224 is
defined by a portion of the periphery 2218 of the body 2212.
[0297] The body 2212 also fully bounds a working passageway 2228
and a retention passageway 2230. The retention passageway 2230 has
a bore 2232 positioned to retain one end of a suture (not shown in
FIG. 54). The body 2212 further defines a groove 2236 extending
between the primary and secondary passageways 2222, 2224. The
operation of the various passageways 2222, 2224, 2228, 2230 and the
groove 2236 will be described in connection with FIGS. 55 and
56.
[0298] Referring to FIG. 55, a perspective view illustrates a
system 2248 including the line lock 210 of FIG. 54 and a line, or a
suture 2250, that may be locked by the line lock 2210. The suture
2250 is relatively loosely routed through the passageways 2222,
2224, 2228 so that slack is present in the suture 2250.
[0299] As shown, the suture 2250 has a standing portion 2252 that
may be looped through or around the tissue to be retained. A
working portion 2254 may be manipulated by a surgeon to control the
slack in the standing portion 2252. A locking portion 2256
separates the working portion 2254 from the standing portion 2252
and passes through the passageways 2222, 2224, 2228 in the manner
illustrated. The locking portion 2256 includes a compression
section 2260 that compresses the working portion 2254 against the
body 2212 when the suture 2250 is tightened to prevent motion of
the working portion 2254 through the working passageway 2228.
[0300] As shown, the end of the suture 2250 adjacent to the
standing portion 2252 is secured to the line lock 2210 via a knot
2262. More precisely, the end of the suture 2250 has been inserted
through the bore 2232 of the retention passageway 2230 (not visible
in FIG. 55), and then the knot 2262 has been tied in the end. The
knot 2262 may be a simple overhand knot. The knot 2262 is too large
to pass through the bore 2232; thus, the end of the suture 2250 is
effectively secured to the line lock 2210.
[0301] In this application, the word "secured," with reference to a
flexible member, means that some part of the flexible member is
connected to an object so as to be inseparable from the object by
tension on the flexible member in at least one direction. Thus,
even though the knot 2262 may be withdrawn from the top surface
2214, the fact that the knot 2262 is unable to pass through the top
surface 2214 causes the end of the suture 2250 to be "secured" to
the line lock 2210. The term "direction," when used in connection
with motion of a flexible member such as a line, does not
necessarily refer to a static vector. Rather, a "direction" may
refer to motion of the line along a pathway, toward one specified
end of the pathway. Thus, stating that a line is only able to move
along a pathway in one direction means that the line can only be
advanced toward one end of the pathway. The line moves along the
pathway in one direction even though in the course of advancement
along the pathway, segments of the line will simultaneously be
moving along a variety of differently-oriented vectors.
[0302] The knot 2262 may be tied and the suture 2250 may be
inserted through the bore 2232 prior to commencement of the
surgical procedure. For example, the knot 2262 may be tied and the
suture 2250 may be inserted through the bore 2232 at a
manufacturing or packaging facility, prior to packaging of the line
lock 2210 for shipping. The suture 2250 may then be shipped in the
same package, preassembled with the line lock 2210 and ready for
use. A needle (not shown) may similarly be included in the package.
Thus, the surgeon need not select and assemble the various
components needed to carry out the tissue retention procedure;
rather, all necessary parts are already assembled and ready for use
prior to commencement of the procedure.
[0303] From the end of the locking portion 2256 adjacent to the
standing portion 2252, the locking portion 2256 passes through the
primary passageway 2222, and then extends generally parallel to the
groove 2236 to define the compression section 2260 and reach the
secondary passageway 2224. From the secondary passageway 2224, the
locking portion 2256 passes through the working passageway 2228.
The working portion 2254 then passes through the space between the
compression section 2260 and the groove 2236.
[0304] When tension is applied to the standing portion 2252, as
when the standing portion 2252 is tightened around one or more
pieces of tissue, the compression section 2260 is drawn taught. The
compression section 2260 presses the working portion 2254 against
the groove 2236 to keep the working portion 2254 from being drawn
back through the working passageway 2228.
[0305] Referring to FIG. 56, a perspective view illustrates the
system 2248, with the suture 2250 routed relatively tightly through
the passageways 2222, 2224, 2228 of the line lock 2210. As
described previously, the compression section 2260 presses the
working portion 2254 against the groove 2236 to retain the working
portion 2254. As the working portion 2254 is pressed against the
groove 2236, bends (not shown) may be formed in the working portion
2254 as the working portion 2254 conforms to the shape of the
groove 2236. Such bends enhance locking of the working portion 2254
because there is greater friction keeping the working portion 2254
in place, and there is no direct path along which tension on the
working portion 2254 can act to draw the working portion 2254
through the space between the compression section 2260 and the
groove 2236. Thus, the locking portion 2256 cooperates with the
knot 2262 to retain both ends of the standing portion 2252, thereby
enabling the standing portion 2252 to securely retain tissue.
[0306] Referring to FIG. 57, a perspective view illustrates a line
lock 1310 according to another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The line lock 1310 has a body 1312 with a generally
rectangular shape, with a top surface 1314, a bottom surface 1316,
and a periphery 1318 that separates the top surface 1314 from the
bottom surface 1316. The body 1312 fully bounds a primary
passageway 1322 and partially bounds a secondary passageway 1324.
As in the previous embodiment, the secondary passageway 1324 is
defined by a portion of the periphery 1318 of the body 1312.
[0307] The body 1312 also fully bounds a working passageway 1328
and a retention passageway 1330. The retention passageway 1330 has
a bore 1332 positioned to retain a loop of a suture (not shown in
FIG. 57). The body 1312 further defines a groove extending between
the primary and secondary passageways 1322, 1324. The primary
passageway 1322, the working passageway 1328, and the groove 1336
may all be somewhat wider than their counterparts of the previous
embodiment to permit two suture portions to be simultaneously
routed therethrough. The operation of the various passageways 1322,
1324, 1328, 1330 and the groove 1336 will be described in
connection with FIGS. 58 and 59.
[0308] Referring to FIG. 58, a perspective view illustrates a
system 1348 including the line lock 1310 of FIG. 57 and a line, or
a suture 1350, which may be locked by the line lock 1310. The
suture 1350 is relatively loosely routed through the passageways
1322, 1324, 1328 so that slack is present in the suture 1350.
[0309] As shown, the suture 1350 has a standing portion 1352 with
two separate strands, each of which may be looped through or around
the tissue to be retained. First and second working portions 1354,
1355 may be manipulated by a surgeon to control the slack in the
standing portion 1352. First and second locking portions 1356,
1357, respectively, separate the first and second working portions
1354, 1355, respectively, from the standing portion 1352. The
locking portions 1356, 1357 pass through the passageways 1322,
1324, 1328 side-by-side, in the manner illustrated.
[0310] The first locking portion 1356 includes a first compression
section 1360 that compresses the first and second working portions
1354, 1355 against the body 1312 when the suture 1350 is tightened
to prevent motion of the first working portion 1354 through the
working passageway 1328. Similarly, the second locking portion 1357
includes a second compression section 1361 that compresses the
first and second working portions 1354, 1355 against the body 1312
when the suture 1350 is tightened to prevent motion of the second
working portion 1355 through the working passageway 1328.
[0311] The suture 1350 also has a loop 1362 that passes through the
bore 1332 of the retention passageway 1330. The loop 1362
effectively secures the two strands of the working portion 1352 to
the line lock 1310, just as the knot 2262 of the previous
embodiment secured the single strand of the working portion 2252 to
the line lock 2210. As with the knot 2262, the loop 1362 may be
inserted through the bore 1332 prior to commencement of the
surgical procedure. For example, the loop 1362 may be inserted
through the bore 1332 at a manufacturing or packaging facility,
prior to packaging of the line lock 1310 for shipping such that the
suture 1350 is shipped pre-attached to the line lock 1310. A needle
(not shown) may similarly be included in the package.
[0312] The first and second locking portions 1356, 1357 extend
along a pathway similar to that followed by the locking portion
2256 of the previous embodiment. Accordingly, when the standing
portion 1352 is drawn taught, the first and second compression
sections 1360, 1361 press the first and second working portions
1354, 1355 against the groove 1336 to keep the working portions
1354, 1355 from moving back through the working passageway
1328.
[0313] Referring to FIG. 59, a perspective view illustrates the
system 1348, with the suture 1350 routed relatively tightly through
the passageways 1322, 1324, 1328 of the line lock 1310. As
described previously, the compression sections 1360, 1361 press the
working portions 1354, 1355 against the groove 1336 to retain the
working portions 1354, 1355. Bends (not shown) may be formed in the
working portions 1354, 1355 as the working portions 1354, 1355
conform to the shape of the groove 1336 to enhance locking of the
working portions 1354, 1355. Thus, the locking portions 1356, 1357
cooperate with the loop 1362 to retain both ends of the standing
portion 1352, thereby enabling the standing portion 1352 to
securely retain tissue.
[0314] As mentioned previously, it may be desirable to package the
line lock 190 in a cartridge that facilitates threading of the line
100 through the passageways 158, 160, 162. One example of such a
cartridge is illustrated in FIGS. 60 through 64, and is shown with
respect to the line lock 190 of FIGS. 14A and 14B. However, those
of skill in the art will recognize that a similar cartridge may be
provided for a line lock according to any other embodiment of the
invention, such as the line locks 2210, 1310 of FIGS. 54-59.
[0315] Referring to FIG. 60, a perspective view illustrates one
embodiment of a system 400 including the line lock 190 of FIGS. 14A
and 14B (not visible in FIG. 60), and various implements to help
insert, or "thread," the line 100 through the 158, 160, 162 of the
line lock 190. A longitudinal direction 3402, a lateral direction
3404, and a transverse direction 3406 cooperate to form a system of
orthogonal axes that will be used for reference in the following
description.
[0316] In addition to the line lock 190, the system 3400 includes a
cartridge 3410, a threader 3412, and a needle 3414. The cartridge
3410 contains the line lock 190 and, when in the closed
configuration shown in FIG. 60, substantially encloses the line
lock 190 to facilitate insertion of the line 100 through the
passageways 158, 160, 162, and possibly, to help isolate the line
lock 190 from contaminants. In this application, the phrase
"substantially enclose" does not require full enclosure; rather,
some portion(s) of the substantially enclosed part may protrude
from the enclosure.
[0317] The cartridge 3410 may be formed of a plastic such as
polypropylene, PEEK, or the like. The threader 3412 passes through
the cartridge 3410 along a pathway to enable a user to draw the
line 100 through the passageways 158, 160, 162 along the correct
pattern, as will be described in greater detail subsequently. The
threader 3412 may be formed substantially of a fibrous material or
a plastic, such as nylon.
[0318] The needle 3414 is attached to the working end 104 of the
line 100, for example, by knotting, ultrasonic welding, swaging, or
the like. The needle 3414 may be attached to the working end 104
prior to packaging of the system 3400 for shipping. Thus, the
surgeon need not locate and attach an appropriate needle to the
line 100 prior to surgical use. The needle 3414 may be any of a
variety types suitable for surgical use.
[0319] As shown in FIG. 60, the cartridge 3410 has a first
longitudinal end 3420, a second longitudinal end 3422, a first
lateral end 3424, and a second lateral end 426. The threader 3412
passes through the longitudinal ends 3420, 3422. Furthermore, the
cartridge 3410 has a lid 3430 designed to move with respect to the
remainder of the cartridge 3410, which will be referred to as a
containment portion 3432. More specifically, a living hinge 3434
extends generally along the first lateral end 3424, between the
adjacent edges of the lid 3430 and the containment portion 3432.
The living hinge 3434 is integrally formed with the lid 3430 and
the containment portion 3432 and flexes to enable pivotal motion of
the lid 3430 with respect to the containment portion 3432. In
alternative embodiments, a conventional hinge may be used, or a lid
may be slidable with respect to and/or fully removable from the
remainder of the cartridge, thereby obviating the need for a
hinging mechanism.
[0320] A first tab 3436 integrally formed with the lid 3430 and a
second tab 3438 integrally formed with the containment portion 3432
may easily be pushed in opposite directions, for example, by a
user's thumbs, to open the cartridge 3410. The lid 3430 and the
containment portion 3432 may be designed to adhere to each other at
the second lateral end 3426 so that the cartridge 3410 only opens
when a threshold force is applied. Thus, the cartridge 3410 may not
open if dropped or jostled.
[0321] The first longitudinal end 3420 has a first set of slots
3440 through which the threader 3412 and the line 100 pass. More
precisely, the threader 3412 passes through one slot of the first
set of slots 3440. From the end 192, the standing portion 102 of
the line 100 extends out of the cartridge 3410 through the other of
the first set of slots 3440.
[0322] Similarly, the second longitudinal end 3422 has a slot 3442
through which the threader 3412 passes. Thus, the threader 3412
extends into the cartridge 3410 through the first longitudinal end
3420 and out again through the second longitudinal end 3422. The
threader 3412 has a leading end 3450 adjacent to the second slot
3442 and a trailing end 3452 adjacent to the first set of slots
3440.
[0323] The leading end 3450 has a pull feature designed to
facilitate grasping and drawing of the leading end 3450 by hand. In
the embodiment of FIG. 60, the pull feature takes the form of a
grip 3454 that may be easily grasped, for example, between a thumb
and an index finger. The grip 3454 may be a plastic rod crimped,
insert molded, adhesive bonded, or otherwise attached to the
remainder of the threader 3412. In alternative embodiments, one or
more differently configured pull features may be used, including
rigid rings, flexible loops, spherical beads, squared beads, and
the like.
[0324] Additionally, the trailing end 3452 has a suture retention
feature designed to retain a portion of the line 100 to enable the
threader 3412 to draw the line 100 through the passageways 158,
160, 162 of the line lock 190. In FIG. 60, the suture retention
feature takes the form of an eyelet 3456, which is able to receive
an end of the line 100 such that the end can double back on itself
to be drawn through the cartridge 3410. The eyelet 3456 may be
crimped, adhesive bonded, insert molded, or otherwise attached to
the remainder of the threader 3412. In alternative embodiments, one
or more differently configured suture retention features may be
used, including adhesive-coated surfaces, collets, clips, flexible
loops, and the like.
[0325] The eyelet 3456 may be retained to ensure that it is not
drawn into the cartridge 3410 prior to attachment to the line 100.
For example, the containment portion 3432 may have retention posts
3458 that extend in the longitudinal direction 3402 on either side
of the slots of the first set of slots 3440 through which the
threader 3412 passes. The eyelet 3456 may optionally be looped
around the retention posts 3458 so that the eyelet 3456 is unable
to enter the corresponding slot of the first set of slots 3440
until the eyelet 3456 is removed from around the retention posts
3458. The eyelet 3456 may need to be slightly larger than shown in
FIG. 60 to enable it to encircle a pair of the retention posts
3458. The retention posts 3458 may also serve a similar function if
a loop or other flexible suture retention feature is used in place
of the eyelet 3456.
[0326] Referring to FIG. 61, a perspective view illustrates the
system 3400 of FIG. 60, with the cartridge 3410 in the open
configuration to expose the line lock 190. The line 100 has also
been inserted into engagement with the trailing end 3452 of the
threader 3412. More precisely, the needle 3414 and the working
portion 104 have already been inserted through or around the tissue
or tissues to be retained, and the needle 3414 has been removed
from the working portion 104. The working portion 104 has then been
inserted through the eyelet 3456 of the threader 3412. The working
portion 104 is doubled back on itself to permit the eyelet 3456 to
draw it through the cartridge 3410 and through the passageways 158,
160, 162 (not visible in FIG. 61) of the line lock 190.
[0327] In alternative embodiments, multiple sutures or ends may
need to be inserted through passageways of a line lock, such as the
line lock 1310 of FIGS. 57 through 59. A cartridge (not shown) for
such an embodiment may have multiple threaders, each of which is
positioned to draw one suture or one end through the corresponding
passageways. Operation of such a cartridge may otherwise be similar
to that of the cartridge 3410.
[0328] Returning to FIG. 61, the containment portion 3432 has a
pair of sockets 3464 formed therein. Each of the sockets 3464 may
provide a generally rectangular cavity surrounded by a wall that is
slotted to permit expansion of the socket 3464. The lid 3430 has a
pair of posts 3466 that are generally rectangular in shape, and are
sized and positioned to slide into the sockets 3464 when the
cartridge 3410 is in the closed configuration. The posts 3466 may
be sized to fit relatively tightly into the sockets 3464 so that
the cartridge 3410 does not open until the threshold force is
applied to remove the posts 3466 from the sockets 3464.
[0329] The containment portion 3432 also has a central divider 3470
that extends generally along the lateral direction 3404 to
effectively separate the containment portion 3432 into two separate
compartments. The containment portion 3432 defines a retention
feature designed to retain the line lock 190. In this application,
the terms "retention feature" and "threading feature" are to be
broadly interpreted to include, not just single structural
elements, but also groups of elements that cooperate to carry out
line lock retention or suture threading.
[0330] In FIG. 61, the retention feature takes the form of a pair
of troughs 3472 positioned on either side of a space in which the
line lock 190 rests within the containment portion 3432. The
troughs 3472 face each other such that they retain the line lock
190 to resist motion of the line lock 190 along the longitudinal
and transverse directions 3402, 3406. The troughs 3472 are exposed
on the open side of the containment portion 3432 so that the line
lock 190 can be inserted into the space between the troughs 3472,
or removed therefrom, by moving the line lock 190 along the
transverse direction 3406.
[0331] Additionally, the containment portion 432 has a threading
feature designed to help guide the line 100 through the passageways
158, 160, 162 along the desired pattern. In FIG. 61, the threading
feature takes the form of a pair of posts 3474 positioned on either
side of the central divider 3470, and thus on either side of the
space in which the line lock 190 rests. Each of the posts 3474 may
have a generally teardrop-shaped cross section, as taken through a
plane parallel to the longitudinal and transverse directions 3402,
3406. Each of the posts 3474 also has a slot 3476 facing the
adjacent one of the first and second longitudinal ends 3420,
3422.
[0332] The threader 3412 is wrapped around the posts 3474 along a
configuration similar to that provided by the line 100 illustrated
in FIGS. 14A and 14B. More precisely, from its trailing end 3452,
the threader 3412 passes through one of the first set of slots
3440, then through the primary passageway 158 (not visible in FIG.
61) and then through the secondary passageway 160 (not visible) to
define a first loop 3484 of the threader 3412. From the secondary
passageway 160, the threader 3412 passes through the working
passageway 162 (not visible) to define a second loop 3486 of the
first threader 3412. From the working passageway 162, the threader
3412 extends through the first loop 3484 and then passes through
the second slot 3442, to the leading end 3450.
[0333] The various portions of the threader 3412 may be positioned
to correspond to portions of the line 100, as labeled in FIGS. 14A
and 14B. For example, the trailing end 3452 may correspond to the
standing portion 102 of the line 100, the leading end 3450 may
correspond to the working portion 104, and the loops 3484, 3486 may
correspond to the locking portion 106. The first loop 3484 of the
threader 3412 may more precisely correspond to the compression
section 110 of the locking portions 106. Accordingly, when the line
100 is drawn through the passageways 158, 160, 162 by the threader
3412, the line 100 assumes a configuration having the various
portions 102, 104, 106, as illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B.
[0334] As also shown in FIG. 61, the lid 3430 has a pair of
blocking members 3490 that engage the posts 3474 when the cartridge
3410 is closed to keep the first and second loops 3484, 3486 in
place. More precisely, each of the blocking members 3490 has a
longitudinal portion 3492 extending along the longitudinal
direction 3402, and a transverse portion 3494 extending along the
transverse direction 3406. The longitudinal portions 3492 may be
positioned to seat in the slots 3476 of the posts 3474 to ensure
that the loops 3484, 3486 cannot slip from the posts 3474 by moving
laterally toward the lid 3430, into a gap that may exist between
the posts 3474 and the lid 3430. Similarly, the transverse portions
3494 may be positioned inward of and adjacent to the first set of
slots 3440 and to the second slot 3442 to ensure that the leading
and trailing ends 3450, 3452 of the threader 3412 are unable to
slide out of the slots 3440, 3442 by moving laterally toward the
lid 3430, into a gap that may exist between the slots 3440, 3442
and the lid 3430.
[0335] Referring to FIG. 62, a perspective view illustrates the
system 3400 of FIG. 62, with the cartridge 3410 open to expose the
line lock 190. In FIG. 62, the threader 3412 is drawn partially
through the cartridge 3410 so that the working portion 104 of the
line 100 is drawn partially along the pathway followed by the
threader 3412. More precisely, the working portion 104 has been
drawn through the corresponding one of the first set of slots 3420
and through the primary passageway 158 (not visible in FIG. 62) of
the line lock 190. Further, the working portion 104 has been drawn
along the first loop 3484 of the threader 3412 so that the working
portion 104 encircles the post 3474 toward the second longitudinal
side 3422, in place of the first loop 3484.
[0336] The leading, doubled-over portion of the working portion 104
is thus poised to enter the secondary passageway 160 (not visible).
From the secondary passageway 160, the working portion 104 will
then be drawn along the second loop 3486 of the threader 3412,
through the working passageway 162 (not visible), and then through
the second slot 3442 in the second longitudinal end 3422. The
leading, doubled-over portion of the working portion 104 will then
protrude from the cartridge 3410 and may easily be grasped and
drawn by hand until the line lock 190 is positioned at the desired
location along the length of the line 100.
[0337] The line 100 may be drawn through the cartridge 3410 with
the cartridge in the open configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 62,
or with the cartridge 3410 in the closed configuration. If desired,
part or all of the cartridge 3410 may be made translucent or
transparent so that a user can easily verify proper threading
without opening the cartridge 3410.
[0338] Referring to FIG. 63, a perspective view illustrates the
system 3400 of FIG. 60, with the cartridge 3410 in the open
configuration to expose the line lock 190. The line 100 has been
fully threaded through the passageways 158, 160, 162 of the line
lock 190 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B.
Accordingly, the line lock 190 need only be removed from the
cartridge 3410 prior to use to retain tissue.
[0339] Referring to FIG. 64, a perspective view illustrates the
system 3400 of FIG. 60, with the cartridge 3410 in the open
configuration, and with the line lock 190 and the line 100 removed
from the cartridge 3410 for use. The line lock 190 has been drawn
from the space between the troughs 3472 by drawing the line lock
190 along the transverse direction 3406, toward the space the lid
3430 would occupy if the cartridge 3410 were closed. The line 100
is also drawn along the same direction to slide free of the posts
3474 and the slots 3440, 3442.
[0340] As shown, the various portions and sections 102, 104, 106,
110 of the line 100 are arranged substantially as shown in FIGS.
14A and 14B. The standing portion 102 may be inserted through an
anchor embedded in tissue, or otherwise positioned behind tissues
to be retained by the system 400, prior to performance of the
threading process set forth above. If the standing portion 102 is
not required to pass through an enclosed aperture, the standing
portion 102 may be positioned with respect to the tissue to be
retained after the line 100 has been threaded through the line lock
190.
[0341] Once the line 100 has been properly threaded through the
passageways 158, 160, 162, the line lock 190 may then be used to
retain the tissue as desired. This may be accomplished by following
the procedures outlined previously, i.e., holding the working
portion 104 and advancing the line lock 190 along the line 100 to
constrict the standing portion 102, either with or without an
insertion tool, and then trimming the line 100 to the desired
length.
[0342] Thus, the line 100 may easily be threaded through the line
lock 190 in the proper pattern to ensure that the line lock 190 is
able to perform as desired. Threading may be performed without
significantly compromising the sterility of the line lock 190, the
line 100, or the operating environment. Thus, the convenience,
reliability, and safety of tissue retention operations may be
enhanced through the present invention.
[0343] According to one alternative embodiment of the invention,
one end of a suture may be removably or permanently secured to a
line lock, and the other end may be received by a plurality of
passageways in such a manner that the second end is only able to
move through the passageways along one direction. The first end may
be secured to the line lock via insert molding, knotting,
ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or the like. The passageways
that receive the second end may be arranged in a manner similar to
any of those described in the embodiments set forth above, or
equivalents thereof.
[0344] The present invention has particular relevance to surgery,
and more particularly to tissue retention through the use of
sutures. However, the principles, structures, and methods of the
present invention may also be extended to other fields, including
the use of larger line locks for locking ropes or cables in a wide
variety of applications.
[0345] While the present invention has application to any need for
securing a line, it is particularly advantages to surgical suture
applications as a way to conveniently and reliable replace the need
to tie suture knots. The advantage is even greater in arthroscopic
and endoscopic applications, where sophisticated sliding knots
followed by "back-up" knots must be tied outside of a cannula and
slid into final position at an internal body site. The
sophisticated sliding knots are difficult to tie, time consuming,
and bulky. The present invention provides an easy to apply, quick
to deliver, and low profile solution that will reliably maintain
the desired suture tension.
[0346] The present invention may be embodied in other specific
forms without departing from its spirit or essential
characteristics. For example, above are described various
alternative examples of different adjustable line locks. It is
appreciated that various features of the line locks can be mixed
and matched to form a variety of other alternatives, a different
threading system according to the invention. As such the described
embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as
illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is,
therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the
foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning
and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within
their scope.
* * * * *