U.S. patent application number 09/963250 was filed with the patent office on 2002-01-24 for anti-eye strain apparatus and method.
Invention is credited to Wagner, Roger.
Application Number | 20020008696 09/963250 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24758442 |
Filed Date | 2002-01-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020008696 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wagner, Roger |
January 24, 2002 |
Anti-eye strain apparatus and method
Abstract
An anti-eye strain apparatus and method which automatically
adjusts the brightness of a display to cause the muscles of the
eyes of the user to adjust and refocus such that eye fatigue or
tiredness is reduced or eliminated. The brightness is varied within
a particular range and the brightness within this range is
occasionally or periodically adjusted. The changing brightness
preferably follows a predetermined pattern or cycle. These
brightness changes may be perceptible or imperceptible to the
viewer. The brightness of the display may be adjusted mechanically,
for example by a potentiometer, by a computer attached to a
monitor, for example by an application or software, or by changing
the palette of colors or the gray scale.
Inventors: |
Wagner, Roger; (La Mesa,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP
620 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE
SIXTEENTH FLOOR
NEWPORT BEACH
CA
92660
US
|
Family ID: |
24758442 |
Appl. No.: |
09/963250 |
Filed: |
September 25, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09963250 |
Sep 25, 2001 |
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09356875 |
Jul 19, 1999 |
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09356875 |
Jul 19, 1999 |
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08686956 |
Jul 26, 1996 |
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5933130 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/204 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09G 2310/066 20130101;
G09G 2320/0606 20130101; G09G 3/3406 20130101; G09G 2320/0626
20130101; G09G 5/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
345/204 |
International
Class: |
G09G 005/10 |
Claims
I claim:
1. An automatic screen brightness controller for reducing eye
strain, comprising: brightness control software stored in a machine
readable storage media; a processor operatively connected to said
storage media; and a display of the type that permits the
brightness to be varied; said brightness control software including
instructions that direct the brightness of substantially the entire
display to be varied over time within a range of brightness in
accordance with a predetermined pattern, wherein the range is less
than 80 percent of the total range of brightness of the display and
the screen content may be easily seen throughout the range.
2. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1, wherein
said range is randomly selected.
3. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1, wherein
said range is selected by a user.
4. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1, wherein
said range is between about 5 and 50 percent of the total range of
brightness of the display.
5. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1, wherein
said brightness control software varies the brightness over a
series of sequential time intervals.
6. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 5, wherein
said sequential time intervals are randomly selected.
7. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 5, wherein
said sequential time intervals are selected by a user.
8. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 5, wherein
said sequential time intervals are between about 60 and 300
seconds.
9. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1, wherein
said pattern is randomly selected.
10. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said pattern is selected by a user.
11. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said pattern is a sine wave.
12. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said pattern is a series of increasing and decreasing
ramps.
13. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said pattern is a combined step and series of increasing
and decreasing ramps.
14. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein the brightness of the display is periodically varied.
15. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein the brightness of the display is randomly varied.
16. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein a rate of change of the brightness of the display is
substantially imperceptible to a user.
17. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said range is between about 2 and about 30 percent of the
total range of brightness of the display.
18. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said range is between about 5 and about 15 percent of the
total range of brightness of the display.
19. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 1,
wherein said range is about 10 percent of the total range of
brightness of the display.
20. A method of adjusting the brightness of a screen to reduce eye
strain, said method comprising: providing brightness control
software stored in a machine readable media; providing a processor
operatively connected to said storage media; providing a display;
and automatically varying the brightness of substantially the
entire display over time within a range of brightness in accordance
with a predetermined pattern, wherein the range is less than 80
percent of the total range of brightness of the display and the
screen content may be easily seen throughout the range.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said range is between about 2
and about 30 percent of the total range of brightness of the
display.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein said range is between about 5
and about 15 percent of the total range of brightness of the
display.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein said range is about 10 percent
of the total range of brightness of the display.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein said range is between about 5
and about 50 percent of the total range of brightness of the
display.
25. The method of claim 20, wherein said brightness control
software varies the brightness over a series of sequential time
intervals.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein said sequential time intervals
are between about 60 and about 300 seconds.
27. The method of claim 20, wherein the brightness of the display
is periodically varied.
28. The method of claim 20, wherein the brightness of the display
is randomly varied.
29. The method of claim 20, wherein a rate of change of the
brightness of the display is substantially imperceptible to a
user.
30. An automatic screen brightness controller for reducing eye
strain, comprising: brightness control software stored in a machine
readable storage media; a processor operatively connected to said
storage media; and a display of the type that permits the
brightness to be varied; said brightness control software including
instructions that direct the brightness of the display to be varied
periodically over time, wherein the time between the beginning of
one variation and the beginning of the next variation is less than
1 second or at least 60 seconds.
31. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 30,
wherein a range over which said instructions direct the brightness
to be varied is less than 80 percent of the total range of
brightness of the display such that the screen content may be
easily seen throughout the range.
32. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 30,
wherein said range is between about 2 and about 30 percent of the
total range of brightness of the display.
33. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 30,
wherein said range is between about 5 and about 15 percent of the
total range of brightness of the display.
34. An automatic screen brightness controller as in claim 30,
wherein said range is about 10 percent of the total range of
brightness of the display.
35. A method of adjusting the brightness of a screen to reduce eye
strain, said method comprising: providing brightness control
software stored in a machine readable media; providing a processor
operatively connected to said storage media; providing a display;
and periodically varying the brightness of the display over time,
wherein the time between the beginning of one variation and the
beginning of the next variation is less than 1 second or at least
60 seconds.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the brightness is varied over a
range of less than 80 percent of the total range of brightness of
the display and the screen content may be easily seen throughout
the range.
37. The method of claim 35, wherein said range is between about 2
and about 30 percent of the total range of brightness of the
display.
38. The method of claim 35, wherein said range is between about 5
and about 15 percent of the total range of brightness of the
display.
39. The method of claim 35, wherein said range is about 10 percent
of the total range of brightness of the display.
40. A method of reducing eye fatigue, the method comprising:
providing a display screen; and periodically varying the value of
at least one display parameter of the display screen, wherein the
variation affects substantially the entire image displayed upon the
display screen, and wherein the time between the beginning of one
variation and the beginning of the next variation is at least 60
seconds.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the time between beginnings of
adjacent variations varies.
42. The method of claim 40, wherein the display parameter is
selected from the group consisting of brightness of the display,
contrast of the display, color level of the display, and gray scale
of the display.
43. The method of claim 40, wherein the display parameter is the
brightness of the display.
44. A method of reducing eye fatigue, the method comprising:
providing a display screen; and periodically varying the value of
at least one display parameter of the display screen, wherein the
variation affects substantially the entire image displayed upon the
display screen, and wherein the time between the beginning of one
variation and the beginning of the next variation is less than 1
second.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the time between beginnings of
adjacent variations varies.
46. The method of claim 44, wherein the display parameter is
selected from the group consisting of brightness of the display,
contrast of the display, color level of the display, and gray scale
of the display.
47. The method of claim 44, wherein the display parameter is the
brightness of the display.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 09/356,875, filed Jul. 19, 1999, which is a continuation of
U.S. application Ser. No. 08/686,956, filed Jul. 26, 1996, now U.S.
Pat. No. 5,933,130, which applications and patent are hereby
incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates in general to display screens
and, in particular, to an anti-eye strain apparatus and method for
a display screen.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] People use display screens for a wide variety of purposes.
For example, display screens may be used to display specific
information from devices such as oscilloscopes, radars,
televisions, projection systems, and other types of electronic
instruments. The information may be shown on many types of display
screens such as cathode ray tubes ("CRT"), liquid crystal displays
("LCD"), and gas plasma displays.
[0004] Display screens are also frequently used in conjunction with
computers. Computers are used for many purposes, including
personal, educational, and work uses. People often view these
display screens for extended periods of time. Extended viewing of
the screen can cause eye strain and eye fatigue, leading to
physical and mental discomfort for the viewer. This problem is
becoming increasingly prevalent as more jobs and businesses require
employees view display screens for extended periods of time.
[0005] Cathode ray tubes are a very common type of display screen
used with computers. Cathode ray tubes are also used in a wide
range of other applications including television picture tubes,
video monitors, and oscilloscopes. As is well known, a cathode ray
tube includes an electron gun which emits a stream of electrons. A
first anode focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and
accelerates the electrons to a greater speed. A second anode gives
the electrons still more speed. Deflection coils or plates
surrounding a portion of a cathode ray tube control the location at
which the electron beams strike the inner surface of the display
screen. The inner surface of the display screen is typically coated
with a phosphor material which glows when struck by an electron to
create an individual point of light.
[0006] A typical cathode ray tube display screen includes thousands
of these individual points of light which create the desired image
on the display screen. As is well known, a pixel or picture element
is a small logical unit that is used to build an image on the
display screen. A single pixel is usually created by several
adjoining points of light. The fewer the dots of light used to
create a pixel, the higher the resolution of the display
screen.
[0007] It is known to utilize cathode ray tubes to create a color
display. The color monitors that were originally used with devices
such as computers had relatively crude color and graphics, and many
could display only four basic colors. Current monitors, however,
commonly have a palette of 256 colors. In fact, many color monitors
now have the capacity to display thousands of colors. Modern
monitors also often include a larger number of pixels than the
older monitors, and this allows the desired image to be more
accurately represented on the screen.
[0008] A typical cathode ray tube color monitor contains three
electron guns, one gun for each color of red, green and blue. The
electron guns send out a stream of electrons which strike the
phosphors of a particular color coating the inside surface of the
screen. In general, the amount of light that a particular phosphor
emits is dependent upon the strength of the electron beam which
strikes a given phosphor because the stronger the electron beam,
the more light the phosphor emits. For example, if every red, green
and blue dot in a particular pixel is struck by equally intense
electron beams, the result is a white dot. As is well known,
different colors, shades and brightness are obtained by varying the
intensity of the electron beams striking that pixel.
[0009] After the electron beam leaves a particular phosphor, the
phosphor continues to glow briefly, a condition called persistence.
For an image to remain stable, the phosphor must be reactivated by
repeated scans of the electron beam. When the fading of the
phosphor between repeated scans of the screen becomes noticeable,
the screen flickers. This flicker is ordinarily considered
undesirable. Accordingly, the monitor must continually re-energize
the various phosphors in the display to eliminate flicker. This
continual redrawing or re-energizing of the display is the
monitor's refresh rate. With a high refresh rate, the screen is
more frequently redrawn and the eye of the viewer tends to see a
smooth, nonflickering display. A typical cathode ray tube has a
refresh rate of between about 60 and 70 cycles per second.
[0010] Early cathode ray tube display screens could only turn a
particular pixel in the display on or off. This made it difficult
to achieve subtle distinctions in colors because an energized pixel
displayed only a single color at the same brightness. In contrast,
current display screens often utilize a variable-graphics-array
("VGA") display adaptor which allows the strength of the different
electron beams to vary so that the color and brightness of each
pixel can be varied. This allows the monitor to display a wide
range of colors because the brightness and color of each pixel is
individually controlled.
[0011] In further detail, a typical cathode ray tube display used
with a computer system receives signals from sources such as the
operating environment or application software, and these signals
are sent to the input/output hardware of the computer, which
frequently contains the VGA display adaptor (the VGA display
adaptor is often built into the motherboard of a personal
computer). The VGA display adaptor processes the signals through a
circuit called a digital-to-analog converter ("DAC"). Frequently,
the digital-to-analog converter is contained within a specialized
chip. Often this specialized chip contains three digital-to-analog
converters in order to control the three colors used in the
display.
[0012] As is known in the art, the digital-to-analog converter
compares the values sent by the computer to a table that contains
the matching voltage levels for the three colors needed to create
the particular color and brightness. A precise amount of voltage
from each electron gun then energizes each pixel to reproduce the
desired color and brightness.
[0013] As the number of colors increases and the resolution of the
display screens improve, a more realistic display is created, which
allows more information to be conveyed to the viewer. This improved
display has increased the number of users of display screens, and
the amount of time which people view display screens.
[0014] Typically electronic display screens allow the brightness or
intensity of the screen to be adjusted for different lighting
conditions. A known method to adjust the brightness of a display
screen is to use a variable resistor or potentiometer. The
potentiometer allows the intensity of the electron beams to be
controlled, and this allows the brightness of the display screen to
be adjusted. Conventionally, a protruding knob or other rotatable
member, often labeled as a brightness control knob, is connected to
the potentiometer such that the user can manually adjust the
brightness of the screen.
[0015] It is also well known to use a liquid crystal display
("LCD") screen for a wide variety of purposes. For example, LCDs
are frequently used with computers, especially portable or
notebook-type computers. As is known to one of ordinary skill in
the art, LCDs are electronically switched display panels that make
use of changes in the reflective properties of liquid crystals in
series with an electronic field. LCDs often include a backlight or
other lighting source such that a person can read the display in
various lighting conditions.
[0016] Some display screens connected to a computer allow the
brightness of the screen to be adjusted by the computer. For
example, the Powerbook computer sold by the MacIntosh Company
allows the user to adjust the backlight of the LCD screen. The
backlight of the screen is typically controlled by entering one or
more commands through the keyboard or mouse of the computer.
Alternatively, the backlight may be controlled by the computer
executing an application or third-party software program. For
example, the backlight brightness for the Powerbook computer may be
adjusted by software which controls the backlight driver. As well
known to one of ordinary skill in the art, the backlight driver is
a standard MacIntosh driver that can be controlled by a series of
commands or calls, and these calls may be used to set or change the
backlight of the screen to the desired level.
[0017] In addition, some display screens may allow the color to be
adjusted by a computer. For example, a company called MAG
Innovision of Santa Ana, Calif., sells a product called Advanced
Display Calibration which allows commands entered through a
keyboard or mouse to control the color of a computer monitor.
[0018] Accordingly, the brightness and/or color of a display may be
controlled by a system having these or similar capabilities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] As the use of electronic display screens has become more
widespread, certain problems have also become more common. For
instance, electronic display screens are now being utilized more
frequently and for extended periods of time. Because the display
screens are maintained at a roughly constant distance of
approximately 20 inches (50 cm) from the viewer's eyes, the same
eye muscles are in constant tension to focus on the screen. It is
believed that this causes significant amounts of stress and fatigue
in the eye muscles. This problem is often aggravated by the
frequent, almost daily use of display screens.
[0020] The stress associated with viewing an electronic display
screen may result in headaches or other maladies. It is believed
that these problems are sometimes caused, at least in part, by the
eye continuously focusing on a display screen of generally constant
brightness. It is believed that because the muscles of the eye are
often held in the same state for an extended period of time,
extreme discomfort to the user may result because the muscles in
the eye are not permitted to adjust, refocus or relax.
[0021] This problem is particularly acute with computer screens and
other electronic displays that are specifically configured to have
a generally constant intensity or brightness. Thus, the viewer
stares at a screen from a generally constant distance and same
brightness for an extended time period. Accordingly, the muscles of
the eye are not given the opportunity or ability to relax or adapt
to changing stimulus. The Applicant believes, for example, that
less eye strain occurs in reading a book than in viewing a computer
screen because each time the reader turns the page, the reader must
refocus his or her eyes upon the next page and the turning of the
page momentarily changes the brightness of the page. Therefore, as
the eye muscles adapt to this change, tiredness and eye fatigue may
be delayed or avoided.
[0022] In contrast, a computer display has no corresponding change
in brightness and a user often has a tendency not to look around
the room or at other objects of different brightness. Accordingly,
there is a need for a computer user to occasionally adjust or
refocus his or her eyes in order to avoid eye strain and
fatigue.
[0023] The Applicant believes that a reduction in eye strain and
fatigue will occur if the muscles of the eyes are regularly moved
and adjusted. For example, the Applicant has observed that a person
can only hold his or her arm in a constant outstretched position
for a limited period of time, but a person regularly moving his or
her arm--such as an orchestra conductor--an hold their arm
outstretched for a much longer period of time. Similarly, the
Applicant believes that the regular adjusting and exercising of the
eye muscles will allow the person to view an electronic display
screen for a much longer period of time than would otherwise be
possible.
[0024] The Applicant believes the moving and adjusting of the
muscles in the person's eyes should occur regularly to prevent the
muscles of the eye from being held in a constant state of tension.
However, Applicant believes that very active movement of the
muscles of the eye should also be avoided to prevent fatigue.
Accordingly, the brightness of the display is preferably adjusted
so that the muscles of the eye are regularly exercised, but not to
the extent that the eye muscles are fatigued.
[0025] The present invention is an anti-eye strain apparatus and
method which overcomes the above-described disadvantages. The
apparatus and method includes varying the brightness of the display
screen to decrease eye strain of a person viewing the screen. It
will be understood that the inventive concept is applicable to
brightness, contrast, and backlight, as well as gray scale and
color levels.
[0026] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the
brightness of a display screen varies to cause the muscles of the
eye of the viewer to adjust. Preferably, the display is set to a
generally acceptable level of brightness and the brightness then
occasionally or periodically varies within a range about this
selected general level of brightness. The changing brightness of
the display preferably follows a selected pattern or cycle such
that the muscles of the eyes of the viewer must occasionally
adjust, avoiding eye tiredness and fatigue. These brightness
changes may be substantially perceptible or imperceptible to the
viewer.
[0027] Another aspect of the present invention is utilizing a
computer to control the brightness of the computer screen
automatically. The settings such as the range of brightness, the
time for each brightness adjustment cycle, and the pattern followed
in adjusting the brightness may be controlled by the user through
commands entered by a keyboard or mouse. The automatic control of
brightness may be implemented using application or utility
software.
[0028] Yet another aspect of the present invention is an automatic
screen brightness controller having brightness control software
stored in a machine readable storage media and a processor is
operatively connected to the storage media. The screen brightness
controller is connected to a display of the type that permits the
brightness to be varied and the software includes instructions that
direct the brightness of the display to be varied over time in
accordance with a pattern. A still further aspect of the present
invention is to control the palette of colors or gray scale such
that the shade of color (including gray, for example) is
occasionally or periodically changed in order to reduce or
eliminate eye strain of the viewer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] These other features of the invention will now be described
with reference to the drawings of preferred embodiments, which are
intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention, in
which:
[0030] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the
invention, providing for automatic variation of the backlight of a
display;
[0031] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the
present invention, providing for automatic variation of the
brightness of a display;
[0032] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the
present invention, providing for automatic variation of the
brightness of a display;
[0033] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a representative pattern or
cycle;
[0034] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an additional pattern or
cycle;
[0035] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a further pattern or
cycle;
[0036] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the graphical user
interface of an embodiment of the invention, set up for
electronically controlled brightness;
[0037] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the graphical user
interface of another embodiment of the invention, set up for
electronically controlled backlight;
[0038] FIG. 9 is a flowchart for the software implementation of a
program used by the central processing unit shown in FIG. 3;
[0039] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the operation of the embodiment of
the invention shown in FIG. 9;
[0040] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another preferred
embodiment of the present invention, providing for automatic
variation of brightness of any computer that may be connected
thereto;
[0041] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another preferred
embodiment of the present invention, wherein the colors are varied;
and
[0042] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another preferred
embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gray scale is
varied.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0043] As shown in FIG. 1, an anti-eye strain apparatus and method
10 is configured in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. In this embodiment, the anti-eye strain
apparatus 10 includes backlight control software 12 stored in
memory (such as on the hard disk of a computer) that specifies a
series of commands or steps. A central processing unit (or "CPU")
14 executes the series of commands or steps and communicates with a
backlight driver 16. The central processing unit 14 sends signals
to a backlight control 20 so that the brightness of an associated
screen or display 21 can be controlled. The display 21 is
preferably an LCD.
[0044] It will be understood that this preferred embodiment allows
the central processing unit 14 to control and communicate with the
backlight driver 16. It will be readily appreciated by one of
ordinary skill in the art that a central processing unit 14 is
typically a component of a computer and that such backlight control
drivers are found, for example, in certain laptop computers, such
as the Apple Powerbook by MacIntosh. In a preferred embodiment,
this system is implemented in the Apple Powerbook laptop
computer.
[0045] In greater detail, in a manner known to one of ordinary
skill in the art, the central processing unit 14 preferably
executes a series of steps set forth in the software 12 to control
the backlight driver 16. More preferably, the central processing
unit 14 executes one or more calls to the backlight driver 16, and
the central processing unit 14 then sends signals to the backlight
control 20. These signals are used to set the brightness of the
backlight in accordance with the instructions set forth in the
software 12. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily
recognize that the backlight driver and backlight controls are well
known in the art. Further, for example, the automatic backlight
control software could be readily combined with and made a part of
the backlight driver software.
[0046] It will be appreciated that the Applicant is using the
central processing unit in general terms, and that one of ordinary
skill in the art will understand that a central processing unit can
include a variety of combinations of hardware and software that can
be used to execute a series of steps.
[0047] Another preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. In this
embodiment the brightness is controlled by a central processing
unit 22. The central processing unit 22 is preferably located
within a computer 24. The computer 24 preferably includes a clock
26, a random number generator 28, and brightness control software
30. Although not shown, the computer 24 preferably has an
electronic storage media such as random access memory or a hard
disk. The brightness control software 30 is preferably stored in
the memory of the computer 24.
[0048] The central processing unit 22 executes a series of commands
or steps in accordance with the instructions set forth in the
brightness control software 30. The central processing unit 22 is
also in communication with a digital-to-analog converter 32. As
well known in the art, the digital-to-analog converter 32 converts
a digital signal (a digital number) to an analog signal (a voltage
level). It will be understood that more than one digital-to-analog
converter 32 may be used to convert the signal from the central
processing unit 22 into an analog signal. The analog signal is then
transmitted to a brightness control 34 which is used to control the
brightness of a display 36. The display 36 is preferably a CRT.
[0049] Another preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. In this
embodiment, the brightness of a display is controlled by a central
processing unit 40 and brightness control software 41. The central
processing unit 40 is preferably a component of a computer 42. The
computer 42 preferably includes a random number generator 44, a
clock 46, and the usual electronic storage media such as a hard
disk and an appropriate amount of random access memory. The central
processing unit 40 executes a series of commands or steps in
accordance with the instructions set forth in the control software
41 and sends a signal to an electrically controlled potentiometer
or variable resistor 48. It will be understood that one or more
potentiometers 48 may be used to vary or control the signal from
the central processing unit 40. The potentiometers 48 may be
connected in series or in parallel to control the signal from the
central processing unit 40. Additionally, as discussed in greater
detail with respect to FIG. 11 below, the potentiometers 48 may be
manually or automatically controlled. The potentiometer 48 then
sends a signal to a brightness control 50 such that the brightness
of a display 52 can be adjusted. The display 52 is preferably a
CRT.
[0050] In each of the embodiments described in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3,
the brightness or backlight of a display is controlled by a central
processing unit which is responsive to the control software. It
will be understood, for example, that this control software could
be part of a software application, independent utility software, or
operating system.
[0051] It is also contemplated that this invention may be used with
many types of displays. One of ordinary skill in the art will
recognize that this invention may be used with many different types
of displays such as monitors, cathode ray tubes, display screens,
liquid crystal displays, radar screens, oscilloscopes, gas plasma
displays and the like. It will also be understood that the display
may consist of a wide variety of known means to display text,
information, graphics and the like.
[0052] It will also be appreciated that this application is
intended to include any known method to control the backlight or
brightness of a display. Additionally, it is contemplated that in
addition or instead of varying the brightness or backlight level of
the display, the contrast, color, and/or gray scale could be varied
alone or in conjunction with one or more other features to reduce
eye strain for an individual user.
[0053] Further, it will be understood that the embodiment chosen
will be selected according to the type of display that is desired
to be controlled. For example, an LCD is preferably used with a
backlight control as shown in FIG. 1, and a CRT display is
preferably used with a digital-to-analog converter as shown in FIG.
2 or an electronically controlled potentiometer as shown in FIG.
3.
[0054] In each of the embodiments described in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3,
the control software and central processing unit are configured to
allow the brightness or backlight of a display to be controlled. In
a preferred embodiment, the brightness or backlight of the display
is controlled according to a general level of brightness of the
display is set at a desired level, a range in which the brightness
will vary is then set--the range is preferably relative to the
general level of brightness of the display, a time that the
brightness varies within the selected range is also set, and the
pattern for adjusting the brightness within the specific time and
range is set. Thus, the general level of brightness, range of
adjustable brightness, time for each brightness adjustment cycle,
and pattern for varying the brightness are set and this information
is used to vary the brightness of the display in a specific
manner.
[0055] It will be understood that these factors--the general level
of brightness, range, time and pattern--may be set in a number of
ways. For example, they may be preset, dependent upon ambient
lighting conditions, selected by the central processing unit or
selected by the user. Preferably, these factors are set such that
the brightness of the display exercises the muscle in the eye of
the user to prevent or delay eye strain or fatigue.
[0056] In greater detail, the general level of brightness of the
display is set to a selected level of brightness relative to the
maximum brightness of the display. Preferably, the general level of
brightness is expressed as a percentage of the total brightness of
the display. For example, the general level of brightness may be 50
percent of the total brightness of the display. The invention is
also preferably configured to vary the brightness proximate the
selected general level of brightness of the display.
[0057] The range of adjustable brightness is the extent the
brightness varies. For example, the range could be relatively large
such that the brightness varies within a wide range. Alternatively,
the range could be relatively small such that the brightness
remains generally proximate a selected value. The range is
preferably expressed as a percentage of the selected general level
of brightness of the display. For example, if the range is 10
percent of a 50 percent general level of brightness, the range of
adjustable brightness is 5 percent.
[0058] The time is the length of time for each brightness
adjustment cycle. Preferably, the system is configured to allow for
successive time intervals to allow the brightness of a display to
be cyclically periodically adjusted.
[0059] The brightness of the display is also preferably adjusted
according to a specific pattern. The pattern allows the brightness
of the display to be adjusted in a controlled or specific
sequence.
[0060] It will be appreciated that each of these settings may be
set by the user. Alternatively, the software and central processing
unit may be configured to establish each of the settings.
Preferably, the user may establish some of the settings while those
factors not chosen by the user are determined by the control
software and central processing unit or are set to default
settings. The following embodiments set forth in greater detail
preferred embodiments of the invention. It will be understood,
however, that any combination of these settings and value for these
settings may be used to adjust the brightness of the display.
[0061] In one preferred embodiment, the user sets the general level
of brightness of the display. For example, the user may set the
general level of brightness of the display to 50 percent of the
total brightness of the display. The range is set to a
predetermined or default value, such as, for example, about 10
percent of the general level of brightness selected by the viewer.
Thus, the software and the central processing unit are
advantageously configured to vary the brightness of the display
within a range of about 10 percent of the user-selected 50 percent
general brightness level. Therefore, the brightness of the display
increases and decreases a maximum of 5 percent from the general
brightness level. Preferably, the brightness varies within a range
centered about the general brightness level. Accordingly, in this
example, the brightness would vary within the range of about 47.5
and 52.5 percent of the total brightness of the display.
[0062] It will be understood that the range of brightness does not
have to be centered about the general level of brightness. For
example, the general level of brightness could be the maximum
brightness and the brightness would vary within a range that does
not exceed this maximum brightness. Alternatively, the general
level of brightness may be the minimum brightness and the
brightness will automatically vary within a range that does not go
below this minimum level of brightness. For example, the general
brightness level may be set by the user at 70 percent of the
maximum brightness level of the display, and the software may vary
the brightness within a range of about 10 percent. Thus, the
brightness may be varied between about 70 percent and about 77
percent of the maximum brightness level of the display.
[0063] In this embodiment, the time period for each brightness
adjustment cycle is preferably predetermined or set to a default
value, for example, of about five minutes. The pattern is also
preferably predetermined or set to a default pattern. For example,
the pattern preferably chosen is a sine wave as shown in FIG. 4.
Alternatively, the predetermined pattern may be a series of
continually increasing and decreasing ramps or a saw-tooth pattern
as shown in FIG. 5, or a combined ramp and step pattern as shown in
FIG. 6. It will be understood that a wide range of known patterns
may be selected, including a random pattern. Thus, in this example,
the general level of brightness is set by the user while the range,
period and pattern are preset or set to default values.
[0064] Preferably, this embodiment described above is used with a
computer and CRT display. More preferably, this embodiment uses a
computer having a graphical user interface, as shown in FIG. 7. The
Auto Brightness Control feature seen in the graphical user
interface is preferably selected by a user by a keyboard or mouse.
The user then sets the brightness of display to the desired general
level of brightness. In this example, the general brightness level
has been set to about 50 percent. As set forth above, the range,
period and pattern are set such that the brightness of the display
can be automatically controlled.
[0065] The embodiment described above can also be used in
conjunction with a computer having an LCD display. For example,
FIG. 8 shows a graphical user interface in which the Auto Backlight
command has been selected by the user. The user then sets the
backlight to the desired general level, such as 50 percent. The
range, period and pattern are preferably set as set forth above
such that the brightness of the display is automatically
adjusted.
[0066] In another embodiment, the user sets the desired general
level of brightness while the central processing unit and control
software determine the range, period and pattern. As seen in FIG.
9, the central processing unit of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1,
2 and 3 preferably follows a flowchart 60 to adjust the brightness
of the display. For example, the range of brightness 62 selected
may be a fixed range or a random range. A fixed range of
brightness, for example, may be preset before delivery to the user
or selected by the user. Alternatively, the range of brightness may
be randomly varied. In order to randomly select the range, the
central processing unit preferably receives signals from a random
number generator seen, for instance, in FIGS. 2 and 3. For example,
if the random number generator supplies numbers between 1 and 256,
the system is preferably configured to select a range of brightness
of 5 percent for numbers between 1 and 100; a range of brightness
of 10 percent is selected if the number is between 101 and 200; and
a range of brightness of 15 percent is selected if the number is
between 201 and 256. Accordingly, in this example, if a number
between 101 and 200 is generated by the random number generator,
then the range of brightness is 10 percent of the user selected
general level of brightness.
[0067] In greater detail, the range through which the level of
brightness can be varied, whether fixed or random, can be set
anywhere between zero and 100 percent of the general level of
brightness. While under some circumstances, large brightness level
ranges may be appropriate, they can result in some problems. For
example, if you have a brightness range of 80 to 100 percent, some
text or graphics may not be easily read during the lower part of
the range. Thus, a range of brightness between about 2 and about 30
percent is preferably selected and more preferably a range between
about 5 and about 15 percent is selected. Most preferably, a range
of brightness of about 10 percent is selected. A range of
brightness of about 10 percent is preferably used as a default
setting if no range is selected.
[0068] In addition, if the general level of brightness of the
display is proximate the maximum brightness of the display, then a
range of brightness of, for example, 10 percent, is preferably
selected. However, if the general level of brightness is set near
the minimum brightness of the display, the central processing unit
preferably selects a relatively narrower range of brightness, for
example 5 percent, because the changing brightness of the display
is believed to be more noticeable to the user at a lower overall
brightness level.
[0069] It will be understood that a range of brightness of 5
percent, or even less, may be selected and the display will
automatically be adjusted to vary within this relatively narrow
selected range, or a range of more than 10 percent may be selected
such that the brightness will vary over a larger range. It will be
appreciated that a relatively large range may result in automatic
changes to the brightness that are generally perceptible to the
viewer. Alternatively, a generally narrow range can be selected
such that the changes in the brightness are substantially
imperceptible to the viewer. The narrow range of 10 percent or less
is preferred because when combined with a relatively slow rate of
change, the variations are imperceptible to the ordinary user while
providing eye-strain relief.
[0070] As shown in FIG. 9, the period 64 is also selected. The
period may be a fixed time interval which is preset or set by the
user. For example, a fixed period of about five minutes, or even
longer, may be selected. A default interval of five minutes is
preferably selected. It will be appreciated that the brightness of
the display may be adjusted at intervals of less than five minutes
such that the eyes of the viewer must more frequently adjust to the
brightness of the display. The brightness of the display may also
be adjusted at intervals of every second or even less such that the
brightness is rapidly or almost constantly changing. Alternatively,
the period may be randomly chosen using signals from a random
number generator in a manner similar to that described above.
[0071] The selected period preferably applies to one brightness
adjustment cycle and determines how long it takes that cycle to
run. One cycle in the case of the sine wave is shown in FIG. 4.
Preferably, the starting and ending point for the cycle at the sine
wave is the midpoint of the increasing section. One cycle in the
case of the ramp wave shown in FIG. 5 is one ramp up and one ramp
down. Preferably, the starting point is the midpoint of the
increasing section, and the ending point is the midpoint of the
next increasing section. One cycle in the case of the combined ramp
and step wave shown in FIG. 6 is one ramp up to the flat section,
the upper flat section, one ramp down, and the lower flat section.
Preferably, the starting point is the midpoint of the increasing
section, and the ending point is the midpoint of the next
increasing section.
[0072] In each of the embodiments of FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the wave
will be applied at the appropriate starting point for each cycle to
cause the appropriate change in brightness. For example, the sine
wave will preferably be applied around the selected brightness
level so that half of the maximum change in brightness is higher
and half is lower than the selected general level of brightness. In
particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the brightness increases during the
first portion of the cycle. The brightness will then decrease from
the point of greatest brightness to the point of lowest brightness.
The brightness then returns to the selected brightness level.
[0073] Preferably, the system is configured to allow for successive
brightness adjustment cycles. More preferably, the system continues
to adjust the brightness according to the selected general level of
brightness, range, period and pattern until the user resets one or
more of the factors or the user stops the system.
[0074] Although not shown, it is also understood that time
intervals of no adjustment, where the selected range 62 and
selected period 64 remain in their default settings, could be
incorporated between adjustment cycles. These "silent" times could
be randomly interspersed and could be of random lengths. It will be
understood that these silent times can also be at times and lengths
selected by either the user or the control software and control
processing unit.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 9, the pattern 66 in accordance with which
the brightness is adjusted may be fixed or randomly selected. For
example, a fixed pattern may be chosen by the user or a pattern may
be preset. Alternatively, the pattern may be randomly chosen by
using a random number generator in a manner similar to that
described above.
[0076] The selected pattern is preferably varied in any of a wide
range of known patterns, such as for example the sine wave as shown
in FIG. 4, the saw-tooth pattern as shown in FIG. 5, or the
combined ramp and step pattern as shown in FIG. 6. It will be
understood that a wide variety of known patterns may be utilized to
vary the rate of change of the brightness. Preferably, the pattern
is selected such that the eye muscles of the user are adjusted an
optimum amount with a minimum amount of distraction to the viewer.
The Applicant believes this will reduce or eliminate eye strain and
allow a user to view the display for extended time periods.
[0077] Accordingly, in this example the general level of brightness
is known, the range over which the brightness varies is known, the
time length of each cycle is known, and the pattern in which the
brightness varies is known. The computer is configured to use this
information to calculate the desired brightness for the display and
the desired change in the brightness of the display.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 10, the operation of the computer, for
example, involves loading the selected or default range 70, the
selected or default period 72, and the selected or default pattern
74. Loading of information into a computer is well known to one of
ordinary skill in the art. The computer then uses this information
to vary the display brightness in accordance with the selected or
default range, period, and pattern 76. The brightness is adjusted
according to the factors until a stop signal 78 is received.
[0079] It will be readily understood and appreciated that the range
of adjustable brightness, the length of each brightness adjustment
cycle and the pattern used to determine the changing brightness may
be individually changed or changed in combination.
[0080] These factors may be adjusted such that the changes to the
brightness of the display are generally perceptible to the user.
This will cause the muscles in the eye of the user to adjust to
these changes. More preferably, these factors are arranged such
that the brightness changes are substantially imperceptible to the
user. Thus, the user is adjusting the muscles in his or her eyes
without being aware of the changing brightness of the display. For
instance, the brightness of the display may be substantially
imperceptibly changed by gradually changing the brightness over an
extended time or, alternatively, the brightness may be changed very
rapidly but in increments or steps that are substantially
imperceptible to the user.
[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the user sets the general level
of brightness for the display and the range of brightness in which
the display will automatically vary is selected by the user or
preset before shipping. This range is preferably between about 2
and 30 percent, more preferably between about 5 and about 15
percent and most preferably the range is about 10 percent of the
total brightness range. The user then inputs the desired time of
the brightness adjustment cycle and the user then selects the
pattern, which is preferably a ramp with a flat top as shown in
FIG. 6. The preferred period for the cycle is five minutes, one
minute for each of the ramp sections of the cycle and 11/2 minutes
for the flat portions of the cycle.
[0082] In operation of this preferred embodiment, the user sets the
general level of brightness of the display to about 50 percent of
the total range of adjustable brightness. The user also sets the
range of brightness to a random setting; a five-minute length of
time for the brightness adjustment cycle; and a pattern having a
ramp with a flat top as shown in FIG. 9. In this case the random
number generator is used to select the range of brightness. For
example, if the random number generator supplies numbers between 1
and 256, the system is advantageously configured to select a range
of brightness of 5 percent for numbers between 1 and 100; a range
of brightness of 7 percent is selected if the number is between 101
and 200; and a range of brightness of 10 percent is selected if the
number is between 201 and 256. Accordingly, in this embodiment, if
a number between 201 and 256 is generated by the random number
generator, then the range of brightness is 10 percent of the
general level of brightness. Thus, in this example, the brightness
ranges between about 47.5 percent and about 52.5 percent of the
general level of brightness, and the system is configured to adjust
the brightness within the five minute period according to the ramp
and step pattern shown in FIG. 6. Prior to the end of the period, a
new random number is generated to select a new range of brightness
for the subsequent period. This allows the system to continuously
vary the brightness in the above-described manner until the user
stops the system or the user changes one or more of the
factors.
[0083] As seen in FIG. 11, in another preferred embodiment, in a
system so equipped, a manual potentiometer 80 is used in
conjunction with an automatic potentiometer 82. The manual
potentiometer 80 and the automatic potentiometer 82 may be
connected by a switch 84 as shown in FIG. 11, or the manual and
automatic potentiometers may be connected in series or in parallel
according to the desired arrangement of the potentiometers. The
manual potentiometer 80 is preferably a conventional brightness
control for a display. A switch 84 preferably allows either the
manual potentiometer 80 or the automatic potentiometer 82 to send a
signal to a brightness control 86. The brightness control 86 is
used to control the brightness of a display 88. It will be
understood that this manual potentiometer 80, for example, may be
manually set by the user and adjusted according to the ambient
lighting conditions. It will also be understood that a
potentiometer is intended to include variable resistors,
solid-state devices, or the like which may be used to vary the
resistance or voltage that appear across the device.
[0084] The automatically controlled potentiometer 82 is preferably
configured to work in conjunction with the manual potentiometer 80
such that the user can readily change the brightness of a display
by adjusting the manual potentiometer 80 to the desired general
level of brightness. The automatically controlled potentiometer 82
monitors the brightness level that is set by the manual
potentiometer 80 over a line 81. Then when it is desired to
automatically vary the brightness, the automatic potentiometer 82
is switched in using switch 84. The automatic potentiometer 82
preferably includes the elements shown in FIG. 3, meaning the
central processing units 40, the brightness control software 41,
the random number generator 44, and the electronically controlled
potentiometer 48. Note that an automatic potentiometer of this type
could be incorporated into a monitor independent of any computer
connected to the monitor by providing all these elements, including
a special purpose processor in the monitor itself. The automatic
potentiometer is then used to automatically vary the brightness of
the display relative to the general level of brightness selected by
the user in a manner similar to that discussed above. This change
in brightness causes the muscles in the eyes of the viewer to
adjust, which prevents or delays the eye fatigue or tiredness
commonly associated with displays that have a generally constant
brightness.
[0085] In another embodiment of the invention, as seen in FIG. 12,
a display can also be adjusted to eliminate or reduce eye fatigue
and tiredness by adjusting the palette of colors. Many displays
currently have a palette of 256 colors and often newer displays
provide thousands of colors. The different colors within the
palette are typically numbered in a known manner to indicate the
particular color and the specific shade of that color. The present
invention preferably changes the particular shades of the colors to
occasionally or periodically cause the muscles of the eyes of the
user to adjust. For example, in a manner similar to that discussed
above, the number of a particular color for a specific pixel could
be increased or decreased a desired amount, such as by subtracting
2, so that the shade of the color is varied. More preferably, each
color in the display is changed at one time, so that all the shades
are changed simultaneously. Most preferably, the changes are
implemented by a central processing unit in a manner similar to
that described above, but instead of changing the brightness, the
numerical value of the colors are changed. This changing of the
shades of the colors is believed to exercise the eye muscles of the
user to eliminate eye fatigue and tiredness.
[0086] As seen in FIG. 12, a data storage media 90 such as a hard
disk drive of a computer, for example, stores a character string
which allows the number corresponding to a particular color and
shade of color to be determined. A central processing unit 92 is
connected to the data storage 90 to access the stored information.
Color control software 93 stored in memory (such as the data
storage media 90) specifies a series of commands or steps. The
central processing unit 92 executes the series of commands or steps
according to the instructions set forth in the software 93 and
sends a signal to a palette of colors controller 94.
[0087] The palette of colors controller 94 uses this information to
determine the number corresponding to a particular color in a
display 96. The color palette controller 94 is configured to allow
the number corresponding to a particular color to be occasionally
or periodically adjusted for a specified time such that the shade
of that color is changed. The color is preferably changed within a
specified range according to a predetermined pattern or cycle in a
manner similar to that discussed above. This allows the brightness
of the display 96 to be adjusted such that the user must
occasionally or periodically adjust or refocus his or her eyes.
[0088] As seen in FIG. 13 in another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, the gray scale is occasionally or periodically
adjusted. The varying of the gray scale is used to reduce or
eliminate eye fatigue in a manner similar to that described above.
In FIG. 13, a data storage media 100, such as a hard disk of a
computer, stores a character string which allows the level of the
gray scale to be determined. A central processing unit 102 is
connected to the data storage 100 to access the stored information.
Gray scale control software 103 stored in memory (such as the data
storage media 100) specifies a series of commands or steps. The
central processing unit 102 executes the series of commands or
steps according to instructions from the software 103 and sends a
signal to a gray scale controller 104. The gray scale controller
104 uses this information to occasionally or periodically vary the
gray scale of a display 106 for a specified time. The gray scale is
preferably changed within a specified range according to a
predetermined pattern or cycle in a manner similar to that
discussed above.
[0089] It will be understood that systems made in accordance with
the invention can be designed for monochrome or color displays. In
a color display, the brightness can be mechanically controlled by
one or more potentiometers, variable resistors or other types of
variable current devices. In particular, because the color and
brightness of a particular pixel is controlled by the strength of
the three electron beams striking the pixel, one preferred
embodiment, described above, varies the voltage levels applied to
one or more of the three electron guns such that the brightness is
adjusted without changing the color. This allows the brightness of
the display to be adjusted without changing the color.
[0090] Although this invention has been described in terms of
certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments apparent to those
of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of this
invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is intended to
be defined only be the claims which follow.
* * * * *