U.S. patent number 5,200,546 [Application Number 07/767,621] was granted by the patent office on 1993-04-06 for phosphonoalkyl phenylalanine compounds suitably protected for use in peptide synthesis.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services. Invention is credited to Terrence R. Burke, Jr., Benjamin B. Lim.
United States Patent |
5,200,546 |
Burke, Jr. , et al. |
April 6, 1993 |
Phosphonoalkyl phenylalanine compounds suitably protected for use
in peptide synthesis
Abstract
There are disclosed novel compounds of the formula: ##STR1##
wherein, x is --CH.sub.2 --, --CHF--, --CF.sub.2, --CHOH-- or
--C(O)--; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, benzyl, pentafluorophenyl,
nitrophenyl, 1-benzotriazolyl or 1-succinimidoyl; Fmoc is
9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; and * indicates a chiral carbon atom.
The Formula (I) compounds are useful in synthesizing peptides.
There are also disclosed novel synthesis methods which include the
step of hydrogenating a compound of the Formula ##STR2## wherein
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are C.sub.1-8 lower alkyl, to give a compound
of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined
above. The compounds of formula (II) are useful as intermediates in
preparing certain formula (I) compounds.
Inventors: |
Burke, Jr.; Terrence R.
(Bethesda, MD), Lim; Benjamin B. (Baltimore, MD) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Department of Health and Human Services
(Washington, DC)
|
Family
ID: |
25080059 |
Appl.
No.: |
07/767,621 |
Filed: |
September 30, 1991 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
558/190; 548/113;
548/413; 558/178; 558/179; 558/193 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07F
9/4056 (20130101); C07F 9/4065 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C07F
9/00 (20060101); C07F 9/40 (20060101); C07F
009/40 (); C07F 009/6518 (); C07F 009/572 () |
Field of
Search: |
;558/190,413,113 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Paquet, A. Can. J. Chem. 1982, 60, 976-980. .
Banert, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26(43), 5261-5264. .
Carey, F. A. et al. Advanced Organic Chemistry; Second edition;
Plenum: New York, 1983; p. 193. .
Streitwieser, A. et al. Introduction of Organic Chemistry; Third
edition; Macmillan: New York, 1985; pp. 737-738..
|
Primary Examiner: Lee; Mary C.
Assistant Examiner: Ambrose; Michael G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Birch, Stewart, Kolasch &
Birch
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A compound of the formula: ##STR9## wherein x is --CH.sub.2 --,
--CHF--, --CF.sub.2 --, --CHOH-- or --C(O)--, t-BuO is tertiary
butoxy, Fmoc is 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen,
pentafluorophenyl, nitrophenyl, benzotriazolyl or succinimidolyl,
and * indicates a chiral carbon atom; and the optical isomers
thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1, which is
4-(bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl)-N-Fmoc-DL-phenylalanine.
3. The compound of claim 1, which is
4-(bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl)-N-Fmoc-D-phenylalanine.
4. The compound of claim 1, which is
4-(bis)(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl)-N-Fmoc-L-phenylalanine.
5. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I'): ##STR10##
wherein R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-8 lower alkyl and Fmoc is
9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; the process comprising the steps
of:
Step 1--reacting a compound of formula (IV) ##STR11## wherein
R.sup.4 is as defined above, with ethyl .alpha.-azidoacetate in the
presence of an alkali metal, and an alcohol solvent of the formula
R.sup.5 OH, wherein R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-8 lower alkyl, to give a
compound of formula (III) ##STR12## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are
as defined above; Step 2--hydrogenating the formula (III) compound
prepared in Step 1 to give a compound of Formula (II) ##STR13##
wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined above; and Step
3--reacting the formula II compound prepared in Step 2 with an
appropriate base, adjusting the reaction mixture to about pH 8 and
thereafter reacting the Formula (II) compound with
1-benzotriazolyl-9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate or
1-succinimidoly-9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is concerned with providing phosphonic
acid-containing derivatives of phenylalanine and optically active
isomers thereof, which are functionalized in a manner which makes
them suitable for facile incorporation into peptides using standard
solid-phase or solution-phase techniques.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Synthesis of 4-phosphonomethyl-DL-phenylalanine (Formula 1a), and
derivatives thereof (Formulas 1b-d) have previously been reported
.sup.1-4 (See Table 1). The purposes of such preparations were to
utilize the prepared 4-phosphonomethyl-DL-phenylalanines as
competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid.sup.2 or as
mimics of O-phosphotyrosine .sup.1,3,4. These previously prepared
derivatives are not suitable for facile incorporation into peptides
or peptide mimetics using standard protocols developed for either
solution-phase or solid-phase peptide synthesis using "Fmoc
protocols" .sup.5,6.
Central to peptide synthesis is the protection of reactive
functional groups with moieties which are easily removed under
conditions which are compatible with the preservation of other
functionalities in the peptide. A major branch of peptide chemistry
has recently evolved using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)
groups for protection of .alpha.-amino groups during coupling
reactions of amino acid monomers into peptide chains. The Fmoc
groups are then generally removed by brief treatment with an
appropriate base such as piperidine. In such reactions, other
chemically reactive groups on the amino acid monomers must be
protected by functionalities which are stable to the basic
conditions utilized to remove Fmoc groups. Traditionally, these
other groups were removed by mild acid treatment (e.g.,
trifluoroacetic acid) such as used to cleave the finished peptide
from a given resin. The tert-butyl group is used widely in
Fmoc-bearing residues for the protection of hydroxyl groups, since
it is stable to base and easily removed by mild acid treatment.
Unlike the present inventive compounds, the prior known
4-phosphonomethyl-DL-phenyl-alanine compounds shown in Table 1
(Compounds 1a-1d) require significant synthetic manipulation to
render them suitable for peptide synthesis.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ ##STR4## R.sup.1
R.sup.2 R.sup.3 Ref ______________________________________ 1a H H
OH 1, 2, 3, 4 1b Et Bz.sup.a OH 1 1c Et Ac OMe 2 1d H H HNBn.sup.b
4 ______________________________________ .sup.a Bz = benzoyl .sup.b
Bn = benzyl
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides novel
4-phosphonomethyl-DL-phenylalanine derivatives, analogues thereof
and optical isomers thereof of the following formula: ##STR5##
wherein t-BuO represents tertiary butoxy, Fmoc represents
9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, X is --CH.sub.2 --, --CHF--,
--CF.sub.2 --, --CHOH-- or --C(O)--, R.sup.6 is hydrogen, benzyl,
pentafluorophenyl, nitrophenyl, 1-benzotriazolyl, and
1-succin-imidoyl, and * indicates a chiral carbon atom.
The compounds of Formula (I) are useful in peptide synthesis. More
particularly, they are useful in preparing peptides wherein one
wishes to obtain stable analogues of O-phosphotyrosine which are
useful as molecular tools in biochemical studies and/or as
therapeutic agents in the treatment of certain proliferative
diseases.
The present invention is also concerned with providing a novel
synthesis process wherein an azide derivative of Formula III is
converted into the corresponding amine derivatives of Formula II,
as shown in the following Reaction Scheme I. ##STR6##
In the above Reaction Scheme I, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or
different and are selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8
lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-propyl, butyl, t-butyl,
and the like), and the hydrogenation catalyst is 10% Pd.C, or
platinum, or the like. The compounds are useful as intermediates in
forming certain of the Formula I compounds discussed herein.
The present invention is also concerned with another novel
synthesis process which may be used in preparing certain compounds
of Formula I, and certain related derivatives. This synthesis
process is shown below in Reaction Scheme II, and encompasses as
one of its steps the synthesis process outlined in Reaction Scheme
I. ##STR7##
In the above Reaction Scheme (II), R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are
C.sub.1-8 lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, penyl,
hexyl, octyl, 2-propyl, t-butyl, and the like), X.sup.+ is an
alkali metal such as sodium or the like; the hydrogenation catalyst
is 10% Pd.C, platinum or the like, the water miscible organic
solvent is dioxane, an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.),
acetyl nitrile or the like, Fmoc-OBT is
1-benzotriazolyl-9-fluorenylmethyloxy carbonate, and Fmoc is
9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl. The compound
1-succin-imidoly-9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate, or another suitable
compound which is capable of releasing a Fmoc group, may be used in
the above reaction scheme in place of Fmoc-OBT, if so desired.
The compounds of Formula (I') shown in Reaction Scheme II above may
be reacted with an appropriate R.sup.6 moiety to form the analogous
Formula (I) compound wherein R.sup.6 is other than hydrogen. Such
reactions are readily known by those skilled in the art and
include, for example, reacting a Formula I' compound with
carbonyldiimidazole (DCC) prior to reacting the same with an
appropriate R.sup.6 moiety.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description and Example sections are provided to
further aid those desiring to practice the present invention. Even
so, the following sections are not to be construed as limiting to
the scope of protection afforded to the present inventors in their
discoveries.
The present invention is concerned with providing compounds of
Formula (I) above for use, for example, in peptide synthesis. Such
compounds of Formula (I) can be obtained as shown in the above
Reaction Scheme (II) or as otherwise discussed herein. As a
specific example of the synthesis of a Formula (I) compound, the
following synthesis is provided.
4[Bis(t-butyl)phosphonomethyl]-N-Fmoc-DL-phenylalanine
Synthesis Overview
Central to the synthesis of the title compound (compound No. 4 in
the synthesis below) is the aldol condensation of ethyl
.alpha.-azidoacetate.sup.7 with
4-[bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl]-benzaldehyde (compound 1) to
yield vinyl azide (compound No. 2) (74%)). The vinyl azide
(compound No. 2) is key to the synthetic route as the tert-butyl
groups thereof are retained under the mild conditions (2.8 bar
H.sub.2 /10% Pd.C) and employed to effect transformation to the
amino ester (compound No. 3). Finally, hydrolysis of the methyl
ester with concomitant introduction of the Fmoc-amino protection to
yield compound No. 4 is achieved by sequentially treating compound
3 with 1 N sodium hydroxide (20 min.) and thereafter adjusting the
pH to 8 by introducing carbon dioxide and allowing the mixture to
react overnight with 1-benzotriazolyl-9-fluorenyl-methyl carbonate
(Fmoc-OBT)..sup.8 The final product (compound No. 4) is obtained as
a white powder (48% overall yield). ##STR8##
Compound Preparation
.alpha.-Azido-4-[bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl]cinnamic acid
methyl ester (Compound No. 2)
To a cold (-30.degree. C.) solution of
4-[bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl]benzaldehyde (compound No. 1,
3.12 g, 10 mmol) and ethyl .alpha.-azidoacetate (12.90 g, 100 mmol,
10 equiv) in anhydrous MeOH (50 mL) is added a solution of 5.4 M
NaOMe (14.8 mL, 80 mmol, 8 equiv) over 2 minutes under argon with
stirring. The colorless reaction mixture is stirred at 2.degree. C.
for 1 hour, then diluted with brine (300 mL); extracted with
Et.sub.2 O (3.times.100 mL); dried (MgSO.sub.4) and Et.sub.2 O
removed. The resulting colorless oil is dissolved in pet.ether (30
mL), cooled to -78.degree. C., then warmed to 0.degree. C. with
mixing to yield a white crystalline solid. The solid is treated
with ice-cold pretroleum ether/Et.sub.2 O (30:1, 30 ml), filtered
and dried; yield 2.86 g (74%); mp 109.degree.-111.degree. C.
C.sub.19 H.sub.28 N.sub.3 O.sub.5 P MW 409 (compound is too
unstable for combustion analysis).
FABMS:m/z=410 (M+1).
IR (KBr) v=2980, 2124, 1707, 1439, 1369, 1330 cm.sup.-1.
.sup.1 H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl.sub.3):.delta.=1.42 (s, 18 H,
2t-C.sub.4 H.sub.9), 3.05 (d, 2 H, J=22 Hz, P-CH.sub.2), 3.90 (s. 3
H, OCH.sub.3), 6.90 (s, 1 H, vinylic), 7.28 (dd, 2 H, J=2 Hz and 8
Hz, ArH.sub.3 and 5), 7.74 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz, ArH.sub.2 and 6).
4-[Bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl]-D,L-phenylalanine methyl ester
(Compound No. 3)
A solution of compound 2 (4.50 g, 110 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) is
shaken in a Parr apparatus (2.8 bar H.sub.2) over 10% Pd.C (1.10 g)
for 1 hour at room temperature. Filtration through Celite filter
and removal of solvent yields compound No. 3 as an oil: 3.75 g
(89%).
______________________________________ C.sub.19 H.sub.32 NO.sub.5
P.3/4H.sub.2 O calc. C 57.20 H 8.46 N 3.51 (385) found C 57.23 H
8.14 N 3.55 ______________________________________
FABMS: m/z=386 (M+1)
IR (film) v=3853, 3383, 2979, 1739, 1653, 1558, 1540, 1514, 1456,
1394, 1369 cm.sup.-1.
.sup.1 H-NMR (250 MHz, CDCl.sub.3):.delta.=1.42 (s, 18 H,
2t-C.sub.4 H.sub.9), 1.66 (br s, 2 H, NH.sub.2), 2.86 (dd, 1 H,J=8
Hz and 13 Hz, H.sub..beta.1), 3.01 (d,2 H, J=21 Hz, P-CH.sub.2),
3.06 (dd, 1 H, J=5 Hz and 13 Hz, H.sub..beta.2), 3.70 (s, 3 H,
OCH.sub.3), 3.72 (dd, 1 H, J=5 Hz and 8 Hz, H.sub..alpha.), 7.11
(d, 2 H, J=8 Hz, ArH.sub.2 and 6), 7.22 (dd, 2 H, J=2 Hz and 8 Hz,
ArH.sub.3 and 5). Structural assignments were supported by .sup.13
C-NMR and DEPT experi-ments.
4-[Bis(tert-butyl)phosphonomethyl]-N-Fmoc-DL-phenylalanine
(Compound No. 4)
A solution of amine compound No. 3 (770 mg, 1.93 mmol) in dioxane
(10 mL) is stirred at room temperature (20 min) with aqueous 1 N
NaOH (10 mL, 10 mmol, 5 equiv). Carbon dioxide is then bubbled in
(resulting pH =8.0-8.5) and Fmoc-OBT (857 mg. 2.40 mmol, 1.2 equiv)
is added as a suspension in dioxane (3.times.10 mL) and stirred
overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is
partitioned between cold aqueous 5% citric acid (200 mL) and
CHCl.sub.3 (3.times.100 mL); the combined organic is washed with
cold 5% citric acid (1.times.100 mL); brine (1.times.200 mL); dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and taken to dryness, yielding a light yellow resin
(1.92 g). The resin is taken up in CHCl.sub.3 and filtered through
a silica pad. Unreacted Fmoc-OBT and faster impurities are removed
with CHCl.sub.3 (5.times.100 mL) with product then being eluted (8
.times.100 mL); 1% EtOH in CHCl.sub.3 and taken to dryness,
providing a foam (953 mg) which is dissolved in Et.sub.2 O (5 mL)
and cooled with petroleum ether (20 mL) to yield compound No. 4 as
a white powder: 835 mg (73%); mp 65.degree.-70.degree. C. (gas,
dec.).
______________________________________ C.sub.33 H.sub.40 NO.sub.7 P
calc. C 66.77 H 6.79 N 2.36 (593) found 67.08 7.26 2.32
______________________________________
FABMS:m/z=594 (M+1).
IR (film) v=2979, 1721, 1513, 1450, 1370 cm.sup.-1.
.sup.1 H-NMR (250 MHZ, CDCl.sub.3):.delta.=1.31 (s, 9 H,t-C.sub.4
H.sub.9), 1.38 (s, 9 H,t-C.sub.4 H.sub.9), 3.01 (dd, 1 H, J=14 Hz
and 22 Hz, P-C-H.sub..alpha.), 3.13 (dd, 1 H, J=14 Hz and 22 Hz,
P-C-H.sub..beta.), 3.18 (M, 1 H, H.sub..delta.1), 3.29 (m, 1 H,
H.sub..beta.2), 4.22 (t, 1 H, J=7 Hz, OC-H), 4.32 (dd.sup.a, 1 H,
J=7 Hz and 10 Hz, NCO2C-H.sub..alpha.), 4.48 (dd.sup.a, 1 H, J=7 Hz
and 10 Hz, NCO2C-H.sub..beta.), 4.68 (m, 1 H, NC-H), 5.40 (d, 1 H,
J=7 Hz, N-H), 7.12 (d, 2 H, J= 8 Hz, ArH.sub.2 and 6), 7.20 (dd, 2
H, J=2 Hz and 8 Hz, ArH.sub.3 and 5), 7.30 (dt.sup.b, 2 H, J=4 Hz
and 7 Hz, fluor.-H.sub.2 and 7).sup.c, 7.39 (t.sup.b, 2 H, J=7 Hz,
fluor.-H.sub.3 and 6).sup.e, 7.59 (br dd.sup.a, 2 H, J=4 Hz and 7
Hz, fluor.-H.sub.4 and 5).sup.d, 7.76 (br d, 2 H, J=7 Hz,
fluor.-H.sub.1 and 8 ).sup.d. Structural assignments were supported
by .sup.1 H-.sup.1 H COSY and .sup.13 C-NMR.
Optical Isomers
It is expected that compounds (e.g., peptides) prepared using the D
and L optical isomers of the Formula I compound, will exhibit
different biological interactions with biological systems. The
preparation of Formula (I) D and L isomers can typically be
achieved by resolution of a mixture diasteriomeric salts formed by
reaction of either the free acid (with or without Fmoc-protection
of the .alpha.-amino group), with a chiral amine or by reaction of
the free acid (without Fmoc-protection of the .alpha.-amino group)
with a chiral acid. For example, resolution of N-acetyl-DL-tyrosine
as the brucine salt typifies such procedures. .sup.9
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the
same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention,
and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in
the art are intended to be included within the scope of the
following claims. Each of the publications and/or patents referred
herein is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
REFERENCES
1. Marseigne, I.; Roques, B. P. Synthesis of new amino acids
mimicking sulfated and phosphorylated tyrosine residues. J. Org.
Chem., 1988, 53, 3621-3624.
2. Bigge, C. F.; Drummond, J. T.; Johnson, G.; Malone, T.; Probert,
A. W., Jr.; Marcoux, F. W.; Coughenour, L. L.; Brahce, L. J.
Exploration of phenyl-spaced 2-amino-(5,9)-phosphonoalkanoic acids
as competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonists. J. Med. Chem.,
1989, 32, 1580-1590.
3. Bayle-Lacoste, M.; Moulines, J.; Collignon, N.; Boumekouez, A.;
de Tinguy-Moreaud, E.; Neuzil, E. Synthesis of
4-phosphono-DL-phenylalanine and of
4-(phosphonomethyl)-DL-phenylalanine, two analogues of
O-phosphotyrosine. Tetrahedron, 1990, 46, 7793-7802.
4. Roques, B. P.; Marseigne, I.; Charpentier, B. Preparation of
amino acids and tyrosine-containing peptides as drugs and
pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 354
108 (CA 113:78979x), 1990.
5. Carpino, L. A.; Han, G. Y. The 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
function, a new base-sensitive amino-protecting group, J. Amer.
Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 5748-5749.
6. Burke, T. R.; Knight, M.; Chandrasekhar, B. Solid-phase
synthesis of viscosin, a cyclic depsipeptide with antibacterial and
antiviral properties. Tetrahedron Letters, 1989, 30, 519-522.
7. Hemetsberger, H.; Knittel, D.; Weidmann, H. Monatsh. Chem.,
1969, 100, 1599-1603.
8. Paquet, A. Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 976-80.
9. Sealock, R. R. D-Tyrosine in Biochemical Preparations, Vol. I,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, England, (H. E. Carter, Ed.),
1949, 71-74.
* * * * *