U.S. patent number 11,047,789 [Application Number 16/581,770] was granted by the patent office on 2021-06-29 for irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with adjustable flow direction and test method thereof.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY. The grantee listed for this patent is SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY. Invention is credited to Hui Guo, Liang Guo, Youjun Ji, Mingwei Liao, Zhuangzhi Liu, Chun Pei, Deliang Qian, Baoquan Wang, Ziwei Xiao, Junwei Zhang, Jiao Zhu.
United States Patent |
11,047,789 |
Guo , et al. |
June 29, 2021 |
Irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with
adjustable flow direction and test method thereof
Abstract
An irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with an
adjustable flow direction and a test method thereof are provided,
wherein two blocking mechanisms I and two blocking mechanisms II
are arranged inside a cylinder body; partitioning plates are
respectively arranged on both sides of each of the blocking
mechanisms I; water blocking plates are respectively arranged at
both sides of each of the blocking mechanisms I; one end of each of
the water blocking plates is connected to the sidewall of each of
the partitioning plates, and the other end of each of the water
blocking plates is connected to an internal portion of the cylinder
body; a water injection pipe is disposed between the water blocking
plates on a same side. The present invention combines flexible film
amorphous close fit properties and easy charging and discharging of
free gas.
Inventors: |
Guo; Liang (Sichuan,
CN), Zhang; Junwei (Sichuan, CN), Xiao;
Ziwei (Sichuan, CN), Wang; Baoquan (Sichuan,
CN), Liao; Mingwei (Sichuan, CN), Qian;
Deliang (Sichuan, CN), Pei; Chun (Sichuan,
CN), Ji; Youjun (Sichuan, CN), Zhu;
Jiao (Sichuan, CN), Guo; Hui (Sichuan,
CN), Liu; Zhuangzhi (Sichuan, CN) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY |
Sichuan |
N/A |
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY
(Sichuan, CN)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005644223 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/581,770 |
Filed: |
September 25, 2019 |
Prior Publication Data
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|
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20200018681 A1 |
Jan 16, 2020 |
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Aug 2, 2019 [CN] |
|
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201910712083.X |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
33/18 (20130101); G01N 15/082 (20130101); G01N
15/0806 (20130101); G01N 33/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
15/08 (20060101); G01N 33/18 (20060101); G01N
33/24 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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205786624 |
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Dec 2016 |
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CN |
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105928741 |
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Jan 2019 |
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CN |
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105928764 |
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Jan 2019 |
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CN |
|
105928858 |
|
Jan 2019 |
|
CN |
|
Other References
Guo, Liang. (2018). Experimental study of hydraulic characteristics
of undisturbed fractured rock in granite fault zone. Yantu
Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics. 3937-3948. cited by applicant .
Guo, Liang & Hu, XW. (2018). Simulation of Fluid Flow in
Fractured Rocks Based on the Discrete Fracture Network Model
Optimized by Measured Information. International Journal of
Geomechanics. 18. 10.1061/(ASCE) GM.1943-5622.0001270. cited by
applicant .
Guo, Liang & Li, Xiaozhao & Zhou, Yangyi & Zhang,
Yangsong. (2015). Generation arid verification of three-dimensional
network of fractured rock masses stochastic discontinuities based
on digitalization. Environmental Earth Sciences. 73.
10.1007/s12665-015-4175-3. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Rogers; David A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with an
adjustable flow direction, comprising: a cylinder body (8) having a
top opening, and a sealing cover (1) matched with the top opening
of the cylinder body (8), wherein two blocking mechanisms I (7) are
symmetrically arranged in the cylinder body (8) along an axis
thereof, and two blocking mechanisms II (4) are respectively
arranged at an internal top end and an internal bottom end of the
cylinder body (8); partitioning plates (6), whose bottom ends are
connected to a bottom of the cylinder body (8), are respectively
arranged on both sides of each of the blocking mechanisms I (7);
one end of a sealing organ cover (17) is connected to a sidewall of
each of the partitioning plates (6), and the other end of the
sealing organ cover (17) is connect a sidewall of each of the
blocking mechanisms I (7); water blocking plates (18) are
respectively arranged at both sides of each of the blocking
mechanisms I (7) and are perpendicular to the partitioning plates
(6); one end of each of the water blocking plates (18) is connected
to the sidewall of each of the partitioning plates (6), and the
other end of each of the water blocking plates (18) is connected to
an internal portion of the cylinder body (8); a water injection
pipe (19) is disposed between the water blocking plates (18) on a
same side, and an end of the water injection pipe (19) extends
outwardly through an internal wall of the cylinder body (8); during
utilization, an irregular rock sample is placed in the cylinder
body (8), and the two blocking mechanisms I (7) and the two
blocking mechanisms II (4) are adjusted to block four sidewalls of
the irregular rock sample, while two sides of the irregular rock
sample, which face the water injection pipe (19), are not
blocked.
2. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 1, wherein a circular bottom plate (12) is
disposed at a bottom portion of the internal wall of the cylinder
body (8), and the circular bottom plate (12) divides the internal
portion of the cylinder body (8) into an adjustment zone and a test
zone which are independent; an up-push cylinder (14) is disposed in
the adjustment zone, and a ram is provided at an output end of the
up-push cylinder (14); a small hole is opened in a middle of the
circular bottom plate (12), and a waterproof ring (13) is installed
in the small hole; a top end of the ram moves through the
waterproof ring (13) and then is connected to an external wall of
the blocking mechanisms II (4) located at a bottom of the test
zone.
3. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 1, wherein each of the blocking mechanisms I (7)
comprises a shell having a cavity therein, wherein an opening (710)
is provided on a sidewall of the shell; each of the blocking
mechanisms II (4) comprises a tank having a cavity therein, wherein
a through hole is provided on a sidewall of the tank; film
assemblies are disposed inside the shell as well as the tank,
comprising a positive rotation shaft (701), a driving cylinder
(711), two longitudinal conveyor belts (705) and two transverse
conveyor belts (713), wherein a water blocking film (703) is wound
around an external circumferential wall of the positive rotation
shaft (701), and the longitudinal conveyor belts (705) are
perpendicular to the transverse conveyor belts (713); a first
slider (708) is fixed on each of the longitudinal conveyor belts
(705), a second slider (714) is fixed on each of the transverse
conveyor belts (713), a first chuck (709) is fixed on the first
slider (708), and a second chuck (715) is fixed on the second
slider (714); an output end of the driving cylinder (711) is
provided with a rectangular frame (704); the positive rotating
shaft (701) is rotatably disposed at a top of an internal wall of
the shell; the two longitudinal conveyor belts (705) are located at
two sides of the opening (710) or the through hole, and a movable
end of the water blocking film (703) gradually closes the opening
(710) or the through hole with clamping of the first chuck (709) on
each of the longitudinal conveyor belts (705); when the movable end
of the water blocking film (703) is moved to a horizontal position
corresponding to the transverse conveyor belts (713), the first
chuck (709) on each of the longitudinal conveyor belts (705)
releases the water blocking film (703), while the second chuck
(715) on each of the transverse conveyor belts (713) clamps the
water blocking film (703) and moves the water film (703) away from
the opening (710) or the through hole; then the driving cylinder
(711) is started, and the output end of the driving cylinder (711)
drives the rectangular frame (704) to press the water blocking film
(703), so as to seal the opening (710) or the through hole; a
connecting tube (16) is disposed on a sidewall of the shell facing
the opening (710), and the connecting tube (16) extends outwardly
through the internal wall of the shell; an electromagnetic valve
(3) is mounted on an extended end of the connecting tube (16); a
sleeve II (9) is mounted on an external circumferential wall of the
cylinder body (8), which communicates with the internal portion of
the cylinder body (8); an intake pipe I(15) moves through the
sleeve II (9) and is connected to the electromagnetic valve (3); a
communication tube (20) is disposed on a sidewall at a top of the
internal portion of the cylinder body (8), and the communication
tube (20) extends outwardly through an internal wall of the tank;
the electromagnetic valve (3) is also mounted on an extended end of
the communication tube (20); a sleeve I (2) is mounted on a top end
surface of the cylinder body (8), which communicates with the
internal portion of the cylinder body (8); an intake pipe II moves
through the sleeve I (2) and is connected to the electromagnetic
valve (3); a straight tube (21) is disposed on a sidewall at a
bottom of the internal portion of the cylinder body (8), and the
straight tube (21) extends outwardly through the internal wall of
the tank; a flexible hose (22) is connected to an extended end of
the straight tube (21), and the flexible hose (22) extends
outwardly through an external wall of the cylinder body (8); two
push cylinders (702) are horizontally placed in the shell, and an
output end of each of the push cylinders (702) is mounted with a
push plate (706) perpendicular to the longitudinal conveyor belts
(705), wherein a length of the push plate (706) equals to a width
of the opening (710), and an interval between two push plates (706)
equals to a length of the opening (710).
4. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 3, wherein the first chuck (709) comprises a
U-shaped body and two flexible splints (718), wherein blind holes
are drilled on sidewalk corresponding to two vertical sections of
the U-shaped body; a pin (720) is mounted on one sidewall of each
of the flexible splints (718), and an electromagnet (717) is
embedded in a middle of the other sidewall of each of the flexible
splints (718); a gap is left between an end face of the pin (720)
and a bottom of the blind hole, and a torsion spring (719) is
sleeved on an external circumferential wall the pin (720); one end
of the torsion spring (719) is connected to the external
circumferential wall of the pin (720), and the other end of the
torsion spring (719) is connected to the bottom of the blind
hole.
5. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 3, wherein two guide rails (11) are fixed on the
internal wall of the cylinder body (8), and each of the guild rails
(11) is respectively located between the partitioning plates (6) of
a same side; a sliding groove is provided on a top surface of each
of the guide rails (11), and a guiding block (10) cooperating with
the sliding groove is provided at a bottom of the shell.
6. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 3, wherein a pressing frame I (707) is disposed on
the output end of the driving cylinder (711) inside the shell, and
the pressing frame I (707) is a rectangular bracket formed by
splicing four L-shaped plates (24); a telescopic cylinder (26) is
mounted on one end surface of each of the L-shaped plates (24), and
a connecting rod (27) is fixed on the other end surface; among
adjacent L-shaped plates (24), an output end of the telescopic
cylinder (26) of one L-shaped plate (24) is connected to the
connecting rod (27) of the other L-shaped plate (24); a supporting
rod (28) is respectively mounted on a sidewall of each of the
L-shaped plates (24), and the supporting rod (28) is connected to
the output end of the driving cylinder (711); a pressing frame II
(23) is disposed on the output end of the driving cylinder (711)
inside the tank, and the pressing frame II (23) is a U-shaped
bracket formed by splicing two symmetrically distributed L-shaped
plates (24); the telescopic cylinder (26) is mounted on an end
surface of a horizontal section of one L-shaped plate (24), and the
connecting rod (27) is mounted on an end surface of a horizontal
section of the other L-shaped plate (24); the output end of the
telescopic cylinder (26) is connected to the connecting rod (27); a
vertical end face of each of the L-shaped plates (24) is provided
with a pressing rod (30), and the pressing rod (30) is
perpendicular to a vertical section of the L-shaped plates (24); a
strut (29) is provided on any one of the L-shaped plates (24), and
is connected to the output end of the driving cylinder (711).
7. The irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device, as
recited in claim 6, wherein a rubber pad (25) having an arcuate
cross section is provided on each internal sidewall of the
rectangular frame (704).
8. A test method of an irregular rock sample high-pressure
permeation device with an adjustable flow direction, comprising
steps of: a) clearing soil and fragmented rocks deposited by
weathering and erosion on a surface of a rock mass to be
investigated, excavating vertical trenches around a target point,
and exposing a fresh geological body to be inspected; b) using a
joint structure analysis method together with a geophysical
detection method to extract fracture intersection information
inside the geological body exposed in the step a), and identifying
water-conducting units and water-control nodes which conduct and
control a groundwater flow; c) based on an identification result of
the step b), marking four to five sampling ranges on the geological
body to be inspected which is obtained in the step a), and
intercepting large-volume irregular undisturbed rock samples (31)
containing a plurality of the water-conducting units and
water-control nodes along each sampling boundary; d) determining
four to five seepage test directions for the rock samples (31)
obtained in the step c), and defining two opposite boundaries along
a sample seepage direction as permeable interfaces A and B, wherein
A is an in-permeation surface, B is an out-permeation surface, and
other sample boundary surfaces are defined as non-permeable
surfaces; e) loading one of the rock samples (31) in the step d)
into a cylinder body (8) according to a position meeting a
predetermined seepage direction, in such a manner that the
in-permeation surface and the out-permeation surface of the rock
sample (31) respectively correspond to two open end faces of the
cylinder body (8); blocking the non-permeable surfaces by two
blocking mechanism I (7) and two blocking mechanisms II (4); f)
waiting until an anti-seepage blocking treatment in the step e) is
completed, then sealing the open ends of the cylinder body (8) by
sealing covers (1) to form a seepage pressure chamber; g)
connecting an in-permeation surface of the seepage pressure chamber
to a pressurized water supply equipment through a water injection
pipe (19), and connecting an out-permeation surface to a water
storage container through another water injection pipe (19), so as
to assemble an irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation
tester; h) after components in the step g) are completely
connected, staring a pressure measuring device to apply an osmotic
water pressure to the rock sample (31) when air pressures in two
shells and two tanks reach a steady state, wherein water
continuously flows along a fracture network of the rock sample (31)
from the in-permeation surface under a preset initial pressure, so
as to achieve sample saturation; i) adjusting an osmotic pressure
value of the pressure measuring equipment, and recording
corresponding data comprising pressures, times and flow rates after
water flow reaches a steady state; further changing a confining
pressure and the osmotic pressure value according to a
predetermined plan in an experimental scheme, to obtain a group of
steady-state test data corresponding to different confining
pressures and different osmotic pressures; j) opening the sealing
covers (1), and releasing the two blocking mechanisms I (7) and the
two blocking mechanisms II (4) to free the non-permeable surfaces
of the rock sample (31); turning the rock sample (31), and
redefining the non-permeable surfaces, the in-permeation surface
and the out-permeation surface of the rock sample (31) according to
the seepage test directions determined in the step d); repeating
the steps e)-i) until the rock sample (31) seeps through all the
predetermined seepage test directions; k) repeating the steps d)-j)
for the other of the rock samples (31) obtained in the step c)
until all the rock samples (31) are tested; and l) calculating and
analyzing based on data obtained in the step k) to obtain spatial
variability of a water-conducting structure of a geological
structure under different seepage pathways, and further obtain
comprehensive characterization results of hydrogeological
properties of the geological structure.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED APPLICATION
The present invention claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(a-d) to
CN 201910712083.X, filed Aug. 2, 2019.
BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the characterization and
evaluation of groundwater flow characteristics for key
water-conducting geological structures in engineering rock masses
such as rock slopes and mountain tunnels, and more particularly to
an in-door high-pressure seepage device for comprehensively
characterizing hydrogeological properties of water-conducting
structures by quantitatively measuring permeability parameters of
an intersecting fracture network in an irregular rock sample. The
present invention provides an effective means for analyzing
groundwater flow characteristics of regional rock masses in
laboratory, and is also a useful exploration for difference
analysis of water conductivity of geological structures under
different seepage pathways, which provides a new research idea for
spatial variability analysis of hydraulic parameters of fractured
rock masses. The present invention is generally applicable to the
evaluation of groundwater flow characteristics for irregular
fractured rock, and is especially suitable for characterizing
hydrogeological properties of key water-conducting and
water-control geological structures in environmental and energy
engineering fields such as geological disposal of high-level
radioactive waste, development of shallow underground space, and
deep geothermal energy exploitation, providing reliable indicators
for regional groundwater flow characteristics assessment.
Description of Related Arts
The rock mass is a non-uniform and anisotropic medium with complex
mechanics and hydraulic properties. The groundwater in the rock
masses often occurs in the fractures and migrates along the
intersecting fracture network. It can be seen that the seepage
properties of the fracture network often determine flow
characteristics of the regional groundwater, thereby affecting the
solute transport and contaminant dispersion, and even causing rock
slope sliding and underground cavern collapse. The migration and
dispersion of ground contaminant to underground with the seepage
will cause a large-scale area of groundwater pollution. The
permeation of surface water into the high-level radioactive waste
repository will communicate the hydraulic relationship between the
nuclear waste and the groundwater, which will cause nuclear
pollution in the regional groundwater environment. It can be seen
that the safety of major environmental and energy projects such as
geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, geothermal
energy development, and oil exploitation are closely related to
regional groundwater flow. Therefore, the characterization and
evaluation of groundwater flow characteristics in key
water-conducting geological structures of regional rock masses have
important theoretical research significance and engineering
application value.
The natural rock mass has a lot of fractures with different sizes
and directions due to the geological processes including tectonic
movement, weathering effect and unloading effect. The fractures are
interwoven in the rock masses to form an intersecting fracture
network. Geological structures such as faults and folds contain
abundant fracture networks, which usually guide and control the
regional groundwater flow. However, Different types of geological
structures have different water-conducting/controlled features. For
example, the occurrence and migration patterns of the groundwater
in fractures with different scales, forms and connecting conditions
are significantly different. The new fault may have higher
permeability because it has not been "closed" yet. The groundwater
flow characteristics of faults with similar fracture density may be
significantly different; some superior water bearing faults may
control groundwater flow patterns; and groundwater flowing through
different seepage pathways may exhibit distinct migration modes.
Therefore, quantitatively characterization of hydrogeological
attributes and flow characteristics of key geological structures,
and difference analysis of water-conductivity of geological
structures under different seepage pathways are vital for
prevention and control of landslide, stability estimation of
underground cavern and prediction of contaminants dispersion.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an irregular
fracture in-door high-pressure permeation device with a freely
adjustable flow direction and a test method thereof for
multi-directional seepage test for large-volume irregular rock
samples with rich geological structure information under a
confining pressure condition, so as to quantitatively obtain
permeability parameters of an intersecting fracture network,
analyze the difference of water conductivity of geological
structures under different seepage pathways, and comprehensively
characterize hydrogeological properties of geological structures,
thereby providing a reliable indicator for regional groundwater
flow characteristics assessment. Accordingly, in order to
accomplish the above object, the present invention provides:
an irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with an
adjustable flow direction, comprising: a cylinder body having a top
opening, and a sealing cover matched with the top opening of the
cylinder body, wherein two blocking mechanisms I are symmetrically
arranged in the cylinder body along an axis thereof, and two
blocking mechanisms II are respectively arranged at an internal top
end and an internal bottom end of the cylinder body; partitioning
plates, whose bottom ends are connected to a bottom of the cylinder
body, are respectively arranged on both sides of each of the
blocking mechanisms I; one end of a sealing organ cover is
connected to a sidewall of each of the partitioning plates, and the
other end of the sealing organ cover is connect a sidewall of each
of the blocking mechanisms I; water blocking plates are
respectively arranged at both sides of each of the blocking
mechanisms I and are perpendicular to the partitioning plates; one
end of each of the water blocking plates is connected to the
sidewall of each of the partitioning plates, and the other end of
each of the water blocking plates is connected to an internal
portion of the cylinder body; a water injection pipe is disposed
between the water blocking plates on a same side, and an end of the
water injection pipe extends outwardly through an internal wall of
the cylinder body; during utilization, a rock sample is placed in
the cylinder body, and the two blocking mechanisms I and the two
blocking mechanisms II are adjusted to block four sidewalls of the
irregular rock sample, while two sides of the irregular rock
sample, which face the water injection pipe, are not blocked.
In the prior art, because the laboratory seepage test link is
extremely demanding on the sealing of the non-permeable boundaries
of the rock sample, the conventional in-door seepage test
instrument is only suitable for cylindrical regular sample test
(which is convenient to blocking and the technique is developed),
or irregular sample test (using cured colloid to seal non-permeable
boundary to permanently and efficiently block water) with a fixed
flow direction (because the colloidal seal is irreversible, and the
direction of seepage and permeation is irreversible). It is unable
to meet the requirements of water conductivity difference analysis
under different seepage pathways, and it is difficult to
objectively obtain the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters
of key geological structures. Therefore, how to effectively realize
the reversible sealing of irregular boundaries, how to freely
convert the sealing state (sealed or permeable) of large-scale
boundaries, and how to accurately adjust the stress conditions of
the seepage environment for large-scale irregular rock samples from
the site containing rich geological structure information, are
difficult problems to be solved in front of scientific researchers.
In view of the above situation, the applicant designed a permeation
test device for irregular undisturbed fractured rock, which can
effectively block multiple end faces of the rock sample, and the
blocking process is reversible. That is to say, the six end faces
of the rock sample can be successively permeated. After the two
test end faces of the rock sample are selected, sodium fluorescein
is injected into a permeating fluid, and the fluorescent water flow
is observed on the sidewall based on the fluorescent trace effect,
so as to achieve the objective judgment of sidewall leakage and the
objective evaluation of the reliability of the result. In practice,
the cylinder body and the sealing cover matched with the cylinder
body can form a confined space for injecting water and applying
pressure to the rock sample. After the rock sample is put into the
cylinder body, positions of the two blocking mechanisms I and the
two blocking mechanisms II in the cylinder body are adjustable and
can correspond to the four non-permeable surfaces of the rock
sample. The two partitioning plates and two sidewalls of the
blocking mechanism I are sealed by the sealing organ cover, and the
two water blocking plates on both sides of the water injection pipe
provide independent flow pathways for the water. Water can
penetrate from one test end to another test end face, and test end
faces of the rock sample can be replaced just by flipping and
adjusting the position of the rock sample, which finally ensures
the test data obtained by the permeation test is accurate and
comprehensive.
Each of the blocking mechanisms I comprises a shell having a cavity
therein, wherein an opening is provided on a sidewall of the shell;
each of the blocking mechanisms II comprises a tank having a cavity
therein, wherein a through hole is provided on a sidewall of the
tank; film assemblies are disposed inside the shell as well as the
tank, comprising a positive rotation shaft, a driving cylinder, two
longitudinal conveyor belts and two transverse conveyor belts,
wherein a water blocking film is wound around an external
circumferential wall of the positive rotation shaft, and the
longitudinal conveyor belts are perpendicular to the transverse
conveyor belts; a first slider is fixed on each of the longitudinal
conveyor belts, a second slider is fixed on each of the transverse
conveyor belts, a first chuck is fixed on the first slider, and a
second chuck is fixed on the second slider; an output end of the
driving cylinder is provided with a rectangular frame; the positive
rotating shaft is rotatably disposed at a top of an internal wall
of the shell; the two longitudinal conveyor belts are located at
two sides of the opening or the through hole, and a movable end of
the water blocking film gradually closes the opening or the through
hole with clamping of the first chuck on each of the longitudinal
conveyor belts; when the movable end of the water blocking film is
moved to a horizontal position corresponding to the transverse
conveyor belts, the first chuck on each of the longitudinal
conveyor belts releases the water blocking film, while the second
chuck on each of the transverse conveyor belts clamps the water
blocking film and moves the water film away from the opening or the
through hole; then the driving cylinder is started, and the output
end of the driving cylinder drives the rectangular frame to press
the water blocking film, so as to seal the opening or the through
hole;
a connecting tube is disposed on a sidewall of the shell facing the
opening, and the connecting tube extends outwardly through the
internal wall of the shell; an electromagnetic valve is mounted on
an extended end of the connecting tube; a sleeve II is mounted on
an external circumferential wall of the cylinder body, which
communicates with the internal portion of the cylinder body; an
intake pipe I moves through the sleeve II and is connected to the
electromagnetic valve;
a communication tube is disposed on a sidewall at a top of the
internal portion of the cylinder body, and the communication tube
extends outwardly through an internal wall of the tank; the
electromagnetic valve is also mounted on an extended end of the
communication tube; a sleeve I is mounted on a top end surface of
the cylinder body, which communicates with the internal portion of
the cylinder body; an intake pipe II moves through the sleeve I and
is connected to the electromagnetic valve;
a straight tube is disposed on a sidewall at a bottom of the
internal portion of the cylinder body, and the straight tube
extends outwardly through the internal wall of the tank; a flexible
hose is connected to an extended end of the straight tube; and the
flexible hose extends outwardly through an external wall of the
cylinder body;
two push cylinders are horizontally placed in the shell, and an
output end of each of the push cylinders is mounted with a push
plate perpendicular to the longitudinal conveyor belts; wherein a
length of the push plate equals to a width of the opening, and an
interval between two push plates equals to a length of the
opening.
Preferably, when the blocking mechanisms I and the blocking
mechanisms II block the rock sample, the water blocking film is
mainly applied to the non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample,
and then the air pressure is synchronously added to the shell or
the tank to ensure that the water blocking film and the
non-permeable surfaces are completely adhered to achieve
seepage-proofing of the non-permeable surface. It should be noted
that the structures of the blocking mechanisms I and the blocking
mechanisms II are substantially the same, such as the same size of
the shell and the tank, as well as the corresponding size of the
opening and the through hole. In practice, the film assemblies are
provided in the blocking mechanisms I and the blocking mechanisms
II. The film assembly of the blocking mechanisms I, for example,
comprises the positive rotation shaft, the driving cylinder, the
two longitudinal conveyor belts and the two transverse conveyor
belts, wherein the two longitudinal conveyor belts are disposed on
both side of the opening, and the two transverse conveyor belts are
disposed on the internal wall at the bottom of the shell; the water
blocking film is wound around the positive rotation shaft, and two
sides thereof are respectively clamped through the first chucks of
the two longitudinal conveyor belts, so that the water blocking
film gradually seals the opening. When the water blocking film
moves to the bottom of the shell and the movable end of the water
blocking film is moved to the horizontal position corresponding to
the transverse conveyor belts, the first chuck on each of the
longitudinal conveyor belts releases the water blocking film, while
the second chuck on each of the transverse conveyor belts clamps
the water blocking film and moves the water blocking film away from
the opening or the through hole; then the two horizontally placed
push cylinders are started, wherein the length of the push plate
equals to the width of the opening, which can drive the water
blocking film to extend outwardly through the opening. The extended
portion of the water blocking film can directly cover the top end
surface and the bottom end surface of the rock sample. Then the
driving cylinder is started, and the output end of the driving
cylinder drives the rectangular frame to press the water blocking
film until the rectangular frame drives the water blocking film to
closely adhere to the internal wall of the shell, so as to seal the
opening. At this time, the two ends of the rock sample are
respectively supported by two openings. After position adjustment
of the blocking mechanisms II located at the top and bottom ends of
the rock sample, the internal film assembly starts to perform a
filming action, and the film assembly in the blocking mechanisms II
performs the same action as that performed by the film assembly in
the block mechanisms I, both close the through holes by the water
blocking film driven by the chucks on the two longitudinal conveyor
belts and the transverse lateral conveyor belts. Then the driving
cylinder in the tank is started, and the output end of the driving
cylinder drives the rectangular frame to press the water blocking
film until the rectangular frame drives the water blocking film to
closely adhere to the internal wall of the tank, so as to seal the
through hole.
And the connecting tube is disposed on the sidewall of the shell
facing the opening, and the connecting tube extends outwardly
through the internal wall of the shell; the electromagnetic valve
is mounted on an extended end of the connecting tube; a sleeve II
is mounted on an external circumferential wall of the cylinder
body, which communicates with the internal portion of the cylinder
body; an intake pipe I moves through the sleeve II and is connected
to the electromagnetic valve; a communication tube is disposed on a
sidewall at a top of the rock sample, and the communication tube
extends outwardly through an internal wall of the tank; the
electromagnetic valve is also mounted on an extended end of the
communication tube; a sleeve I is mounted on a top end surface of
the cylinder body, which communicates with the internal portion of
the cylinder body; an intake pipe II moves through the sleeve I and
is connected to the electromagnetic valve; a straight tube is
disposed on a sidewall at a bottom of the internal portion of the
cylinder body, and the straight tube extends outwardly through the
internal wall of the tank; a flexible hose is connected to an
extended end of the straight tube, and the flexible hose extends
outwardly through an external wall of the cylinder body. After
driving the intake pipe I and the intake pipe II to move, the two
shells and the tank above the rock sample can be linearly moved to
adjust the position thereof, so as to match a shape of the rock
sample to a maximum extent. Meanwhile, the tank below the rock
sample remains stationary, and after the four water blocking films
respectively contact with the four non-permeable surfaces of the
rock sample, gas is simultaneously injected into the intake pipe I,
the intake pipe II, and the hose, so that internal air pressures of
the tank and the shell are increased to ensure that the water
blocking film is in close contact with each non-permeable surface.
After the above steps are completed, water is injected into any one
of the water injection pipes, and the other water injection pipes
are kept closed until the water level in the cylinder body exceeds
the bottom end of the tank above, and then the penetration test
begins.
Preferably, when the water blocking film inside the two shells
covers the sidewalls of the rock sample, under the pushing action
of the push plate, the extended portion of the water blocking film
can partially cover the top and bottom end faces of the rock
sample, while the water blocking film at the two through holes
covers the top and bottom end surfaces of the rock sample for the
second time. At the same time, blocking effects on the four
non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample are improved through
extrusion of the air pressure in the tank.
A pressing frame I is disposed on the output end of the driving
cylinder inside the shell, and the pressing frame I is a
rectangular bracket formed by splicing four L-shaped plates; a
telescopic cylinder is mounted on one end surface of each of the
L-shaped plates, and a connecting rod is fixed on the other end
surface; among adjacent L-shaped plates, an output end of the
telescopic cylinder of one L-shaped plate is connected to the
connecting rod of the other L-shaped plate; a supporting rod is
respectively mounted on a sidewall of each of the L-shaped plates,
and the supporting rod is connected to the output end of the
driving cylinder;
a pressing frame II is disposed on the output end of the driving
cylinder inside the tank, and the pressing frame II is a U-shaped
bracket formed by splicing two symmetrically distributed L-shaped
plates; the telescopic cylinder is mounted on an end surface of a
horizontal section of one L-shaped plate, and the connecting rod is
mounted on an end surface of a horizontal section of the other
L-shaped plate; the output end of the telescopic cylinder is
connected to the connecting rod; a vertical end face of each of the
L-shaped plates is provided with a pressing rod, and the pressing
rod is perpendicular to a vertical section of the L-shaped plates;
a strut is provided on any one of the L-shaped plates, and is
connected to the output end of the driving cylinder. Moreover,
since edges of the square rock sample are not straight lines, the
applicant provides the pressing frame I and the pressing frame II
respectively in the shell and the tank, which means the pressing
frame I corresponds to the rectangular bracket and the pressing
frame II corresponds to the U-shaped bracket. When the water
blocking film blocks the four non-permeable surfaces, the
rectangular bracket and the U-shaped bracket can drive the water
blocking film to completely wrap the non-permeable surfaces, and
can expand and contract to a certain amplitude, so as to allow
corner portions of the two end faces to be tested of the rock
sample to be wrapped by the water blocking film to prevent water
penetrating along the non-permeable surfaces; thereby ensuring the
accuracy of the test data. In practice, the rectangular frame and
the rectangular bracket are both fixed on the output end of the
driving cylinder in the shell, and an interval between the
rectangular bracket and the opening is smaller than an interval
between the rectangular frame and the opening. That is to say, when
the driving cylinder is started, the rectangular bracket first
drives the water blocking film to pass through the opening and then
to be sleeved at an end of the rock sample, wherein the rectangular
bracket is formed by splicing four L-shaped plates, and among
adjacent L-shaped plates, the output end of the telescopic cylinder
of one L-shaped plate is connected to the connecting rod of the
other L-shaped plate, which allows an operator to adjust length and
width of the rectangular bracket according to an actual size of the
rock sample, and to finally ensure that the rectangular bracket can
drive the water blocking film to completely wrap the non-permeable
surfaces of the rock sample to avoid permeation of the
non-permeable surfaces. The rectangular frame and the U-shape
bracket are both fixed on the output end of the driving cylinder in
the tank, and an interval between the U-shape bracket and the
opening is smaller than an interval between the rectangular frame
and the opening. That is to say, when the driving cylinder is
started, the rectangular bracket first drives the water blocking
film to pass through the opening and then to be sleeved at an end
of the rock sample, wherein the U-shape bracket is formed by
splicing two L-shaped plates, and the telescopic cylinder is
mounted on the end surface of the horizontal section of one
L-shaped plate, and the connecting rod is mounted on the end
surface of the horizontal section of the other L-shaped plate; the
output end of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the
connecting rod; the vertical end face of each of the L-shaped
plates is provided with the pressing rod, and the pressing rod is
perpendicular to the vertical section of the L-shaped plates.
Similarly, the operator can adjust an interval between the pressing
rod according to the actual size of the rock sample, to finally
ensure that the U-shape bracket can drive the water blocking film
to completely wrap the non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample to
avoid permeation of the non-permeable surfaces.
The first chuck comprises a U-shaped body and two flexible splints,
wherein blind holes are drilled on sidewalk corresponding to two
vertical sections of the U-shaped body; a pin is mounted on one
sidewall of each of the flexible splints, and an electromagnet is
embedded in a middle of the other sidewall of each of the flexible
splints; a gap is left between an end face of the pin and a bottom
of the blind hole, and a torsion spring is sleeved on an external
circumferential wall the pin; one end of the torsion spring is
connected to the external circumferential wall of the pin, and the
other end of the torsion spring is connected to the bottom of the
blind hole. Moreover, a function of the chuck is to move the water
blocking film along a fixed track in a lateral direction or a
longitudinal direction, and since the water blocking film belongs
to a flexible material, the chuck should provide sufficient
clamping force while ensures accurate clamping or releasing of the
water blocking film. Therefore, the applicant sets the U-shaped
body and the two flexible splints. In an initial state, the two
flexible splints are in contact with each other, and the torsion
spring is in a free state. When the chuck needs to be contacted to
hold the water blocking film, the electromagnets on the two
flexible splints are simultaneously energized to have same magnetic
poles, wherein repulsive force is generated between the two
electromagnets, so that the flexible splints press and compress the
torsion spring, and an interval between the two flexible splints is
increased, which means the chuck releases the water blocking film.
The electromagnet is turned on and off to provide smooth transition
from longitudinal movement to lateral movement of the water block
film, avoiding a situation that the four chucks simultaneously
clamp and pull the water blocking film during use. Water blocking
film integrity throughout the test is ensured.
Two guide rails are fixed on the internal wall of the cylinder
body, and each of the guild rails is respectively located between
the partitioning plates of a same side; a sliding groove is
provided on a top surface of each of the guide rails, and a guiding
block cooperating with the sliding groove is provided at a bottom
of the shell. Preferably, since the two shells need to be
positionally adjusted before the test, that is, the shell will move
linearly, the guide rails are fixed inside the cylinder body by the
applicant to improve stability of the shell movement, and each of
the guild rails is respectively located between the partitioning
plates of the same side; the sliding groove is provided on the top
surface of each of the guide rails, and the guiding block
cooperating with the sliding groove is provided at the bottom of
the shell. The guiding block can only move along a trajectory where
the sliding groove is located, which lowers a possibility of shell
sloshing and ensures shell stability when it is adjusted from an
initial position to a final state, thereby ensuring the sealing
effect on the four non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample.
A rubber pad having an arcuate cross section is provided on each
internal sidewall of the rectangular frame. Preferably, the rubber
pad having the arcuate cross section is provided on each internal
sidewall of the rectangular frame, so that the rectangular frame
realizes flexible contact when the water blocking film is wrapped
around the rock sample, and reduces mutual damages between the
water blocking film and the rock sample when the rectangular frame
contracts.
A circular bottom plate is disposed at a bottom portion of the
internal wall of the cylinder body, and the circular bottom plate
divides the internal portion of the cylinder body into an
adjustment zone and a test zone which are independent; an up-push
cylinder is disposed in the adjustment zone, and a ram is provided
at an output end of the up-push cylinder; a small hole is opened in
a middle of the circular bottom plate, and a waterproof ring is
installed in the small hole; a top end of the ram moves through the
waterproof ring and then is connected to an external wall of the
blocking mechanisms II located at a bottom of the test zone.
Moreover, after being placed in the cylinder body, the rock sample
is supported by the blocking mechanisms II at the bottom of the
cylinder body. And before testing, relative positions of the two
blocking mechanisms I and the two blocking mechanisms II need to be
adjusted to ensure the blocking effect of the four non-permeable
surfaces the rock sample. When the blocking mechanisms II located
at the bottom of the cylinder body are lifted or lowered, only the
up-push cylinder is activated, and the top end of the ram at the
output end of the up-push cylinder moves through the waterproof
ring and then is connected to an external wall of the blocking
mechanisms II located at a bottom of the test zone. When the output
end of the up-push cylinder drives the ram to move, the tank can be
driven to move linearly. The waterproof ring is a waterproof rubber
ring. Under the premise of relative motion between the waterproof
rubber ring and the ram, the independence between the test zone and
the adjustment zone can be ensured.
A test method of an irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation
device with an adjustable flow direction is also provided,
comprising steps of:
a) clearing soil and fragmented rocks deposited by weathering and
erosion on a surface of a rock mass to be investigated, excavating
vertical trenches around a target point, and exposing a fresh
geological body to be inspected;
b) using a joint structure analysis method together with a
geophysical detection method to extract fracture intersection
information inside the geological body exposed in the step a), and
identifying water-conducting units and water-control nodes which
conduct and control a groundwater flow;
c) based on an identification result of the step b), marking four
to five sampling ranges on the geological body to be inspected
which is obtained in the step a), and intercepting large-volume
irregular undisturbed rock samples containing a plurality of the
water-conducting units and water-control nodes along each sampling
boundary;
d) determining four to five seepage test directions for the rock
samples obtained in the step c), and defining two opposite
boundaries along a sample seepage direction as permeable interfaces
A and B, wherein A is an in-permeation surface, B is an
out-permeation surface, and other sample boundary surfaces are
defined as non-permeable surfaces;
e) loading one of the rock samples in the step d) into a cylinder
body according to a position meeting a predetermined seepage
direction, in such a manner that the in-permeation surface and the
out-permeation surface of the rock sample respectively correspond
to two open end faces of the cylinder body; blocking the
non-permeable surfaces by two blocking mechanism I and two blocking
mechanisms II;
t) waiting until an anti-seepage blocking treatment in the step e)
is completed, then sealing the open ends of the cylinder body by
sealing covers to form a seepage pressure chamber;
g) connecting an in-permeation surface of the seepage pressure
chamber to a pressurized water supply equipment through a water
injection pipe, and connecting an out-permeation surface to a water
storage container through another water injection pipe, so as to
assemble an irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation
tester;
h) after components in the step g) are completely connected,
staring a pressure measuring device to apply an osmotic water
pressure to the rock sample when air pressures in two shells and
two tanks reach a steady state, wherein water continuously flows
along a fracture network of the rock sample from the in-permeation
surface under a preset initial pressure, so as to achieve sample
saturation;
i) adjusting an osmotic pressure value of the pressure measuring
equipment, and recording corresponding data comprising pressures,
times and flow rates after water flow reaches a steady state;
further changing a confining pressure and the osmotic pressure
value according to a predetermined plan in an experimental scheme,
to obtain a group of steady-state test data corresponding to
different confining pressures and different osmotic pressures;
j) opening the sealing covers, and releasing the two blocking
mechanisms I and the two blocking mechanisms II to free the
non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample; turning the rock sample,
and redefining the non-permeable surfaces, the in-permeation
surface and the out-permeation surface of the rock sample according
to the seepage test directions determined in the step d); repeating
the steps e)-i) until the rock sample seeps through all the
predetermined seepage test directions;
k) repeating the steps d)-j) for the other of the rock samples
obtained in the step c) until all the rock samples are tested;
and
l) calculating and analyzing based on data obtained in the step k)
to obtain spatial variability of a water-conducting structure of a
geological structure under different seepage pathways, and further
obtain comprehensive characterization results of hydrogeological
properties of the geological structure.
It should be further pointed out that in the step b), the joint
structure analysis method refers to a method for analyzing and
interpreting the internal structural features of the geological
body and its evolution, focusing on the analysis of the geometric
features, hydraulic properties and mutual relations of various
structural elements. The geophysical detection method comprises
borehole ultrasonic detection, geological radar detection, etc.
Among them, borehole ultrasonic detection uses acoustic transducers
to compare and analyze acoustic spectrum, wave velocity and
attenuation characteristics, so as to detect rock fragmentation,
fracture distribution characteristics and spatial variability.
In the step e), the two blocking mechanisms I and the two blocking
mechanisms II block the non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample.
After the four water blocking films are respectively in contact
with the four non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample, gas is
simultaneously injected into the intake pipe I, the intake pipe II,
and the hose, so that internal air pressures of the tank and the
shell are increased to ensure that the water blocking film is in
close contact with each non-permeable surface. The internal air
pressures in the tank and the shell are ranged at 0-1 MPa and then
are defined as the confining pressures.
The pressurized water supply equipment used in the present
invention is a conventional technical product in the prior art, and
the main operating parameters thereof are: a constant pressure
differential controlled seepage flow mode is used, a pressure
control range is 0-1 MPa, a control precision is .+-.1 kPa, a
volume measurement range is 0-1500 ml, and a measurement accuracy
is .+-.1% FS. The seepage test method adjusts the osmotic pressure
by the pressurized water supply equipment, and records the
corresponding pressure and flow data after the water flow reaches a
steady state.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the
following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. The present invention can realize effective sealing of a
plurality of non-permeable surfaces of the irregular rock samples,
which combines flexible film amorphous close fit properties and
easy charging and discharging of free gas, so as to realize the
high-pressure sealing of the irregular boundary and the reversible
water permeability condition. By transforming the placement
orientation of the rock sample, the six end faces are alternately
set as the out-permeation or the in-permeation surface to realize
the rock sample test under different seepage pathways. The gas
confining pressure is evenly applied to achieve the precise
regulation of the stress state, and objectively obtain water
conductivity difference analysis of geological structures and
spatial variability characterization of hydraulic parameters.
2. The present invention has a propulsion cylinder corresponding to
the propulsion shell on the internal wall of a fixing plate, which
means a telescopic frequency of the output end of the propulsion
cylinder is the same as the amplitude variation frequency generated
by the eccentric wheel, wherein when the eccentric wheel generates
a vertical upward amplitude, the output end of the propulsion
cylinder moves downward to bring a pressure plate into contact with
the top surface of the propulsion shell to eliminate vibration in
the direction, thereby ensuring stability of the moving process of
the shell and the bottom plate, and shortening a time consumption
of a bottom jaw to convert from an initial state to a final
state.
3. The present invention drills a limit slot on a sidewall of the
sliding plate facing the sliding groove, and the size of the limit
slot matches the bottom jaw. After a reinforcing cage is completely
lowered to a pile hole, the bottom jaw is moved by a follower plate
and turned down to the limit slot, which means the bottom jaw is
completely out of contact with a hoop stirrup, and a hook is lifted
to make a hanging rib gradually get out of the pile hole, thereby
effectively avoiding any interference of the hoop stirrup on the
smooth exit of an entire cylindrical frame from the pile hole.
4. The present invention effectively solves the problem that the
conventional in-door seepage test instrument for large-volume
irregular rock samples containing rich geological structure
information from the site cannot quantitatively carry out the water
conductivity difference analysis under different seepage pathways,
and it is difficult to obtain spatial variability characterization
of body hydraulic parameters of key geological structures. The
present invention utilizes the film assembly having a high-pressure
sealing function of irregular boundaries and a reversible
conversion function of water-to permeable conditions, and
transforming the placement orientation of the rock sample in a
seepage pressure chamber, the six end faces are alternately set as
the out-permeation or the in-permeation surface and seepage
directions are manually changed, so as to realize the rock sample
permeability test under different seepage pathways. The gas
confining pressure is evenly applied to achieve the precise
regulation of the seepage environment stress state, and objectively
obtain water conductivity difference analysis of geological
structures and spatial variability characterization of hydraulic
parameters under an original stress state.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the
embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit
the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a blocking mechanism I;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a pressing frame I in the block mechanism
I;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of a top blocking mechanism II;
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a bottom blocking mechanism II;
FIG. 7 is a structural view of the pressing frame I;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of a pressing frame II;
FIG. 9 is a structural view of a rock sample assembled with a water
blocking film;
FIG. 10 is a structural view of a chuck.
ELEMENT REFERENCE
1--sealing cover, 2--sleeve I, 3--electromagnetic valve,
4--blocking mechanism II, 5--side plate, 6--partitioning plate,
7--blocking mechanism I, 701--positive rotation shaft, 702--push
cylinder, 703--water blocking film, 704--rectangular frame,
705--longitudinal conveyor belt, 706--push plate, 707--pressing
frame I, 708--first slider, 709--first chuck, 710--opening,
711--driving cylinder, 712--pushing rod, 713--transverse conveyor
belt, 714--second slider, 715--second chuck, 716--reverse rotation
shaft, 717--electromagnet, 718--flexible splint, 719--torsion
spring, 720--pin, 8--cylinder body, 9--sleeve II, 10--guide block,
11--guide rail, 12--circular bottom plate, 13--waterproof ring,
14--up-push cylinder, 15--intake pipe I, 16--connecting tube,
17--sealing organ cover, 18--water blocking plate, 19--water
injection pipe, 20--communication pipe, 21--straight tube,
22--flexible hose, 23--pressing frame II, 24--L--shaped plate,
25--rubber pad, 26--telescopic cylinder, 27--connecting rod,
28--supporting rod, 29--strut, 30--pressing rod, 31--rock
sample.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will be further described in detail below
with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the
description thereof are merely illustrative of the present
invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Embodiment 1
Referring to FIGS. 1-10, the embodiment 1 comprises: a cylinder
body 8 having a top opening, and a sealing cover 1 matched with the
top opening of the cylinder body 8, wherein two blocking mechanisms
I 7 are symmetrically arranged in the cylinder body 8 along an axis
thereof, and two blocking mechanisms II 4 are respectively arranged
at an internal top end and an internal bottom end of the cylinder
body 8; partitioning plates 6, whose bottom ends are connected to a
bottom of the cylinder body 8, are respectively arranged on both
sides of each of the blocking mechanisms I 7; one end of a sealing
organ cover 17 is connected to a sidewall of each of the
partitioning plates 6, and the other end of the sealing organ cover
17 is connect a sidewall of each of the blocking mechanisms I 7;
water blocking plates 18 are respectively arranged at both sides of
each of the blocking mechanisms I 7 and are perpendicular to the
partitioning plates 6; one end of each of the water blocking plates
18 is connected to the sidewall of each of the partitioning plates
6, and the other end of each of the water blocking plates 18 is
connected to an internal portion of the cylinder body 8; a water
injection pipe 19 is disposed between the water blocking plates 18
on a same side, and an end of the water injection pipe 19 extends
outwardly through an internal wall of the cylinder body 8.
when the blocking mechanisms 17 and the blocking mechanisms II 4
block the rock sample, the water blocking film 703 is mainly
applied to the non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample, and then
the air pressure is synchronously added to the shell or the tank to
ensure that the water blocking film 703 and the non-permeable
surfaces are completely adhered to achieve seepage-proofing of the
non-permeable surface. It should be noted that the structures of
the blocking mechanisms 17 and the blocking mechanisms II 4 are
substantially the same, such as the same size of the shell and the
tank, as well as the corresponding size of the opening 710 and the
through hole. In practice, the film assemblies are provided in the
blocking mechanisms I 7 and the blocking mechanisms II 4. The film
assembly of the blocking mechanisms I 7, for example, comprises the
positive rotation shaft 701, the driving cylinder 711, the two
longitudinal conveyor belts 705 and the two transverse conveyor
belts 713, wherein the two longitudinal conveyor belts 705 are
disposed on both side of the opening 710, and the two transverse
conveyor belts 713 are disposed on the internal wall at the bottom
of the shell; the water blocking film 703 is wound around the
positive rotation shaft 701, and two sides thereof are respectively
clamped through the first chucks 709 of the two longitudinal
conveyor belts 705, so that the water blocking film 703 gradually
seals the opening 710.
When the water blocking film 703 moves to the bottom of the shell,
a first slider 708 is fixed on each of the longitudinal conveyor
belts 705, a second slider 714 is fixed on each of the transverse
conveyor belts 713, a first chuck 709 is fixed on the first slider
708, and a second chuck 715 is fixed on the second slider 714. When
the movable end of the water blocking film 703 is moved to the
horizontal position corresponding to the transverse conveyor belts
713, the first chuck 709 on each of the longitudinal conveyor belts
705 releases the water blocking film 703, while the second chuck
715 on each of the transverse conveyor belts 713 clamps the water
blocking film 703 and moves the water blocking film 703 away from
the opening 710 or the through hole; then the two horizontally
placed push cylinders 702 are started, wherein the length of the
push plate 706 equals to the width of the opening 710, which can
drive the water blocking film 703 to extend outwardly through the
opening 710. The extended portion of the water blocking film 703
can directly cover the top end surface and the bottom end surface
of the rock sample. Then the driving cylinder 711 is started, and
the output end of the driving cylinder 711 is provided with a
pushing rod 712. The pushing rod 712 drives the rectangular frame
704 to press the water blocking film 703 until the rectangular
frame 704 drives the water blocking film 703 to closely adhere to
the internal wall of the shell, so as to seal the opening 710. At
this time, the two ends of the rock sample are respectively
supported by two openings 710.
After position adjustment of the blocking mechanisms II 4 located
at the top and bottom ends of the rock sample, the internal film
assembly starts to perform a filming action, and the film assembly
in the blocking mechanisms II 4 performs the same action as that
performed by the film assembly in the block mechanisms I 7, both
close the through holes by the water blocking film 703 driven by
the chucks on the two longitudinal conveyor belts 705 and the
transverse lateral conveyor belts 713. Then the driving cylinder
711 in the tank is started, and the output end of the driving
cylinder 711 drives the rectangular frame 704 to press the water
blocking film 703 until the rectangular frame 704 drives the water
blocking film 703 to closely adhere to the internal wall of the
tank, so as to seal the through hole.
And the connecting tube 16 is disposed on the sidewall of the shell
facing the opening 710, and the connecting tube 16 extends
outwardly through the internal wall of the shell; the
electromagnetic valve 3 is mounted on an extended end of the
connecting tube 16; a sleeve II 9 is mounted on an external
circumferential wall of the cylinder body 8, which communicates
with the internal portion of the cylinder body 8; a communication
tube 20 is disposed on a sidewall at a top of the rock sample 31,
and the communication tube 20 extends outwardly through an internal
wall of the tank; the electromagnetic valve 3 is also mounted on an
extended end of the communication tube 20; a sleeve I 2 is mounted
on a top end surface of the cylinder body 8, which communicates
with the internal portion of the cylinder body 8; an intake pipe II
moves through the sleeve I 2 and is connected to the
electromagnetic valve 3; a straight tube 21 is disposed on a
sidewall at a bottom of the internal portion of the cylinder body
8, and the straight tube 21 extends outwardly through the internal
wall of the tank; a flexible hose 22 is connected to an extended
end of the straight tube 21, and the flexible hose 22 extends
outwardly through an external wall of the cylinder body 8. After
driving the intake pipe I 15 and the intake pipe II to move, the
two shells and the tank above the rock sample 31 can be linearly
moved to adjust the position thereof, so as to match a shape of the
rock sample to a maximum extent. Meanwhile, the tank below the rock
sample remains stationary, and after the four water blocking films
respectively contact with the four non-permeable surfaces of the
rock sample, gas is simultaneously injected into the intake pipe I
15, the intake pipe II, and the hose 22, so that internal air
pressures of the tank and the shell are increased to ensure that
the water blocking film 703 is in close contact with each
non-permeable surface. After the above steps are completed, water
is injected into any one of the water injection pipes 19, and the
other water injection pipes 19 are kept closed until the water
level in the cylinder body 8 exceeds the bottom end of the tank
above, and then the penetration test begins.
When the water blocking film 703 inside the two shells covers the
sidewalls of the rock sample, under the pushing action of the push
plate 706, the extended portion of the water blocking film 703 can
partially cover the top and bottom end faces of the rock sample,
while the water blocking film 703 at the two through holes covers
the top and bottom end surfaces of the rock sample for the second
time. At the same time, blocking effects on the four non-permeable
surfaces of the rock sample are improved through extrusion of the
air pressure in the tank.
Preferably, a reverse rotation shaft 716 is disposed inside the
tank and the shell, and rotation directions of the reverse rotation
shaft 716 and the positive rotation shaft 701 are the same. In
practice, the positive rotation shaft 701 is rotatably installed,
and the reverse rotation shaft 716 can be connected to an external
driving device under the premise of active sealing. Furthermore, a
main body of the water blocking film 703 is wound on the positive
rotating shaft 701, and the extending end of the water blocking
film 703 is connected to an external wall of the reverse rotation
shaft 716. That is to say, when the non-permeable surfaces of the
rock sample 31 are going to be switched and blocked by the water
blocking film 703 after the first chuck 709 and the second chuck
715 both release the water blocking film 703, the reverse rotation
shaft 716 can be used for winding the water blocking film 703, so
as to improve the sealing effect after switching the non-permeable
surfaces.
According to the embodiment 1, the water blocking film 703 is made
of a BOPP film, namely a biaxially oriented polypropylene film,
wherein a thickness is 20-45 .mu.m, and a tensile strength
satisfies MD MPa.gtoreq.130, TD.gtoreq.220; gas is injected into
the shell and the tank, in such a manner that the water blocking
film 703 is completely adhered to the permeable surfaces while
integrity of the water blocking film 703 is ensured.
Embodiment 2
Referring to FIGS. 1-10, based on the embodiment 1, a pressing
frame I 707 is disposed on the output end of the driving cylinder
711 inside the shell, and the pressing frame I 707 is a rectangular
bracket formed by splicing four L-shaped plates 24; a telescopic
cylinder 26 is mounted on one end surface of each of the L-shaped
plates 24, and a connecting rod 27 is fixed on the other end
surface; among adjacent L-shaped plates 24, an output end of the
telescopic cylinder 26 of one L-shaped plate 24 is connected to the
connecting rod 27 of the other L-shaped plate 24; a supporting rod
28 is respectively mounted on a sidewall of each of the L-shaped
plates 24, and the supporting rod 28 is connected to the output end
of the driving cylinder 711; a pressing frame II 23 is disposed on
the output end of the driving cylinder 711 inside the tank, and the
pressing frame II 23 is a U-shaped bracket formed by splicing two
symmetrically distributed L-shaped plates 24; the telescopic
cylinder 26 is mounted on an end surface of a horizontal section of
one L-shaped plate 24, and the connecting rod 27 is mounted on an
end surface of a horizontal section of the other L-shaped plate 24;
the output end of the telescopic cylinder 26 is connected to the
connecting rod 27; a vertical end face of each of the L-shaped
plates 24 is provided with a pressing rod 30, and the pressing rod
30 is perpendicular to a vertical section of the L-shaped plates
24; a strut 29 is provided on any one of the L-shaped plates 24,
and is connected to the output end of the driving cylinder 711.
Since edges of the square rock sample are not straight lines, the
applicant provides the pressing frame I 707 and the pressing frame
II 23 respectively in the shell and the tank, which means the
pressing frame 1707 corresponds to the rectangular bracket and the
pressing frame II 23 corresponds to the U-shaped bracket. When the
water blocking film 703 blocks the four non-permeable surfaces, the
rectangular bracket and the U-shaped bracket can drive the water
blocking film 703 to completely wrap the non-permeable surfaces,
and can expand and contract to a certain amplitude, so as to allow
corner portions of the two end faces to be tested of the rock
sample 31 to be wrapped by the water blocking film 703 to prevent
water penetrating along the non-permeable surfaces, thereby
ensuring the accuracy of the test data.
In practice, the rectangular frame 704 and the rectangular bracket
are both fixed on the output end of the driving cylinder 711 in the
shell, and an interval between the rectangular bracket and the
opening 710 is smaller than an interval between the rectangular
frame 704 and the opening 710. That is to say, when the driving
cylinder 711 is started, the rectangular bracket first drives the
water blocking film 703 to pass through the opening 710 and then to
be sleeved at an end of the rock sample 31, wherein the rectangular
bracket is formed by splicing four L-shaped plates 24, and among
adjacent L-shaped plates 24, the output end of the telescopic
cylinder 26 of one L-shaped plate 14 is connected to the connecting
rod 27 of the other L-shaped plate 24, which allows an operator to
adjust length and width of the rectangular bracket according to an
actual size of the rock sample, and to finally ensure that the
rectangular bracket can drive the water blocking film 703 to
completely wrap the non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample to
avoid permeation of the non-permeable surfaces. The rectangular
frame 704 and the U-shape bracket are both fixed on the output end
of the driving cylinder 711 in the tank, and an interval between
the U-shape bracket and the opening 710 is smaller than an interval
between the rectangular frame 704 and the opening 710. That is to
say, when the driving cylinder 711 is started, the rectangular
bracket first drives the water blocking film 703 to pass through
the opening 710 and then to be sleeved at an end of the rock sample
31, wherein the U-shape bracket is formed by splicing two L-shaped
plates 24, and the telescopic cylinder 26 is mounted on the end
surface of the horizontal section of one L-shaped plate 24, and the
connecting rod 27 is mounted on the end surface of the horizontal
section of the other L-shaped plate 24; the output end of the
telescopic cylinder 26 is connected to the connecting rod 27; the
vertical end face of each of the L-shaped plates 24 is provided
with the pressing rod 30, and the pressing rod 30 is perpendicular
to the vertical section of the L-shaped plates 24. Similarly, the
operator can adjust an interval between the pressing rod 30
according to the actual size of the rock sample 31, to finally
ensure that the U-shape bracket can drive the water blocking film
703 to completely wrap the non-permeable surfaces of the rock
sample to avoid permeation of the non-permeable surfaces.
Embodiment 3
Referring to FIGS. 1-10, a function of the first chuck 709 is to
move the water blocking film 703 along a fixed track in a lateral
direction or a longitudinal direction, and since the water blocking
film 703 belongs to a flexible material, the first chuck 709 should
provide sufficient clamping force while ensures accurate clamping
or releasing of the water blocking film 703. Therefore, the
applicant sets the U-shaped body and the two flexible splints 718.
In an initial state, the two flexible splints 718 are in contact
with each other, and the torsion spring 719 is in a free state.
When the first chuck 709 needs to be contacted to hold the water
blocking film 703, the electromagnets 717 on the two flexible
splints 718 are simultaneously energized to have same magnetic
poles, wherein repulsive force is generated between the two
electromagnets 717, so that the flexible splints 718 press and
compress the torsion spring 719, and an interval between the two
flexible splints 718 is increased, which means the first chuck 709
releases the water blocking film 703. The electromagnet 717 is
turned on and off to provide smooth transition from longitudinal
movement to lateral movement of the water block film 703, avoiding
a situation that the four first chucks 709 simultaneously clamp and
pull the water blocking film 703 during use. Water blocking film
integrity throughout the test is ensured.
According to the embodiment 3, a circular bottom plate 12 is
disposed at a bottom portion of the internal wall of the cylinder
body 8, and the circular bottom plate divides the internal portion
of the cylinder body into an adjustment zone and a test zone which
are independent. After being placed in the cylinder body 8, the
rock sample 31 is supported by the blocking mechanisms II 4 at the
bottom of the cylinder body 8. And before testing, relative
positions of the two blocking mechanisms I 7 and the two blocking
mechanisms II 4 need to be adjusted to ensure the blocking effect
of the four non-permeable surfaces the rock sample 31. When the
blocking mechanisms II 4 located at the bottom of the cylinder body
8 are lifted or lowered, only the up-push cylinder 14 is activated,
and the top end of the ram at the output end of the up-push
cylinder 14 moves through the waterproof ring 13 and then is
connected to an external wall of the blocking mechanisms II 4
located at a bottom of the test zone. When the output end of the
up-push cylinder 14 drives the ram to move, the tank can be driven
to move linearly. The waterproof ring 14 is a waterproof rubber
ring. Under the premise of relative motion between the waterproof
rubber ring and the ram, the independence between the test zone and
the adjustment zone can be ensured.
Preferably, since the two shells need to be positionally adjusted
before the test; that is, the shell will move linearly, the guide
rails 11 are fixed inside the cylinder body 8 by the applicant to
improve stability of the shell movement, and each of the guild
rails 11 is respectively located between the partitioning plates 6
of the same side; the sliding groove is provided on the top surface
of each of the guide rails 11, and the guiding block 10 cooperating
with the sliding groove is provided at the bottom of the shell. The
guiding block 10 can only move along a trajectory where the sliding
groove is located, which lowers a possibility of shell sloshing and
ensures shell stability when it is adjusted from an initial
position to a final state, thereby ensuring the sealing effect on
the four non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample.
Preferably, a rubber pad 25 having an arcuate cross section is
provided on each internal sidewall of the rectangular frame, so
that the rectangular frame realizes flexible contact when the water
blocking film 703 is wrapped around the rock sample, and reduces
mutual damages between the water blocking film 703 and the rock
sample 31 when the rectangular frame contracts.
Embodiment 4
Referring to FIGS. 1-10, the embodiment 4 comprises steps of:
a) clearing soil and fragmented rocks deposited by weathering and
erosion on a surface of a rock mass to be investigated, excavating
vertical trenches around a target point, and exposing a fresh
geological body to be inspected;
b) using a joint structure analysis method together with a
geophysical detection method to extract fracture intersection
information inside the geological body exposed in the step a), and
identifying water-conducting units and water-control nodes which
conduct and control a groundwater flow;
c) based on an identification result of the step b), marking four
to five sampling ranges on the geological body to be inspected
which is obtained in the step a), and intercepting large-volume
irregular undisturbed rock samples 31 containing a plurality of the
water-conducting units and water-control nodes along each sampling
boundary;
d) determining four to five seepage test directions for the rock
samples 31 obtained in the step c), and defining two opposite
boundaries along a sample seepage direction as permeable interfaces
A and B, wherein A is an in-permeation surface, B is an
out-permeation surface, and other sample boundary surfaces are
defined as non-permeable surfaces;
e) loading one of the rock samples 31 in the step d) into a
cylinder body 8 according to a position meeting a predetermined
seepage direction, in such a manner that the in-permeation surface
and the out-permeation surface of the rock sample 31 respectively
correspond to two open end faces of the cylinder body 8; blocking
the non-permeable surfaces by two blocking mechanism I 7 and two
blocking mechanisms II 4;
f) waiting until an anti-seepage blocking treatment in the step e)
is completed, then sealing the open ends of the cylinder body 8 by
sealing covers 1 to form a seepage pressure chamber;
g) connecting an in-permeation surface of the seepage pressure
chamber to a pressurized water supply equipment through a water
injection pipe 19, and connecting an out-permeation surface to a
water storage container through another water injection pipe 19, so
as to assemble an irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation
tester;
h) after components in the step g) are completely connected,
staring a pressure measuring device to apply an osmotic water
pressure to the rock sample 31 when air pressures in two shells and
two tanks reach a steady state, wherein water continuously flows
along a fracture network of the rock sample 31 from the
in-permeation surface under a preset initial pressure, so as to
achieve sample saturation;
i) adjusting an osmotic pressure value of the pressure measuring
equipment, and recording corresponding data comprising pressures,
times and flow rates after water flow reaches a steady state;
further changing a confining pressure and the osmotic pressure
value according to a predetermined plan in an experimental scheme,
to obtain a group of steady-state test data corresponding to
different confining pressures and different osmotic pressures;
j) opening the sealing covers 1, and releasing the two blocking
mechanisms I 7 and the two blocking mechanisms II 4 to free the
non-permeable surfaces of the rock sample 31; turning the rock
sample 31, and redefining the non-permeable surfaces, the
in-permeation surface and the out-permeation surface of the rock
sample 31 according to the seepage test directions determined in
the step d); repeating the steps e)-i) until the rock sample 31
seeps through all the predetermined seepage test directions;
k) repeating the steps d)-j) for the other of the rock samples 31
obtained in the step c) until all the rock samples 31 are tested;
and
l) calculating and analyzing based on data obtained in the step k)
to obtain spatial variability of a water-conducting structure of a
geological structure under different seepage pathways, and further
obtain comprehensive characterization results of hydrogeological
properties of the geological structure.
During the test, the surface of the rock sample 31 is irregularly
undulated, but in the field sampling, the rock sample 31 of the
approximate square shape should be taken as the sample to be
tested, and the six faces of the rock sample 31 are defined as
three sets of independent interfaces. When one set is selected as
the water permeable surfaces, the remaining two sets are the
non-permeable surfaces to be blocked, and the blocking action is
performed by the blocking mechanisms I 7 and the blocking mechanism
II 4. in order to meet requirement of water conductivity difference
analysis under the different seepage pathways, the boundary
conditions of different sets of independent surfaces are flexibly
switched between permeable and non-permeable by turning the rock
sample 31, and the penetration test along different directions of
the rock sample 31 is carried out to obtain spatial variability of
hydraulic parameters of geological structures.
* * * * *