Offc Action Outgoing

United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

Office Action (Official Letter) About Applicant’s Trademark Application

 

 

 

NONFINAL OFFICE ACTION

 

The USPTO must receive applicant’s response to this letter within six months of the issue date below or the application will be abandoned.  Respond using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS).  A link to the appropriate TEAS response form appears at the end of this Office action. 

 

 

Issue date:  November 14, 2020

 

 

The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney.  Applicant must respond timely and completely to the issues below.  15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.

 

SEARCH OF USPTO DATABASE OF MARKS

 

The trademark examining attorney searched the USPTO database of registered and pending marks and found no conflicting marks that would bar registration under Trademark Act Section 2(d).  15 U.S.C. §1052(d); TMEP §704.02.

 

SUMMARY OF ISSUES:

 

• Refusal Under Section 2(e)(1) – Mark is Merely Descriptive
• Requirement for Acceptable Identification
• Request for Information

 

REFUSAL UNDER SECTION 2(e)(1) – MARK IS MERELY DESCRIPTIVE

 

Registration is refused because the applied-for mark merely describes a feature, characteristic or purpose of applicant’s goods.  Trademark Act Section 2(e)(1), 15 U.S.C. §1052(e)(1); see TMEP §§1209.01(b), 1209.03 et seq.

 

A mark is merely descriptive if it describes an ingredient, quality, characteristic, function, feature, purpose, or use of an applicant’s goods and/or services.  TMEP §1209.01(b); see, e.g., In re TriVita, Inc., 783 F.3d 872, 874, 114 USPQ2d 1574, 1575 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (quoting In re Oppedahl & Larson LLP, 373 F.3d 1171, 1173, 71 USPQ2d 1370, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2004)); In re Steelbuilding.com, 415 F.3d 1293, 1297, 75 USPQ2d 1420, 1421 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (citing Estate of P.D. Beckwith, Inc. v. Comm’r of Patents, 252 U.S. 538, 543 (1920)). 

 

The determination of whether a mark is merely descriptive is made in relation to an applicant’s goods/services, not in the abstract.  DuoProSS Meditech Corp. v. Inviro Med. Devices, Ltd., 695 F.3d 1247, 1254, 103 USPQ2d 1753, 1757 (Fed. Cir. 2012); In re The Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., 675 F.3d 1297, 1300, 102 USPQ2d 1217, 1219 (Fed. Cir. 2012); TMEP §1209.01(b); see, e.g., In re Polo Int’l Inc., 51 USPQ2d 1061, 1062-63 (TTAB 1999) (finding DOC in DOC-CONTROL would refer to the “documents” managed by applicant’s software rather than the term “doctor” shown in a dictionary definition); In re Digital Research Inc., 4 USPQ2d 1242, 1243-44 (TTAB 1987) (finding CONCURRENT PC-DOS and CONCURRENT DOS merely descriptive of “computer programs recorded on disk” where the relevant trade used the denomination “concurrent” as a descriptor of a particular type of operating system). 

 

“Whether consumers could guess what the product is from consideration of the mark alone is not the test.”  In re Am. Greetings Corp., 226 USPQ 365, 366 (TTAB 1985).

 

In the present case, applicant has applied to register the mark COVI-STIX for use in connection with “COVID-19 lateral flow viral antigen diagnostic test; Medical diagnostic test kits for the clinical detection of COVID-19 and Coronavirus featuring lateral flow tests.” First, applicant’s mark includes the formative COVI, which indicates that applicant’s goods are related to the COVID-19 pandemic as “COVI” comes from coronavirus. See attached from http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/11/802352351/new-coronavirus-gets-an-official-name-from-the-world-health-organization (‘“Covi’ comes from coronavirus”’).  In 2019, a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) became responsible for a worldwide outbreak of a disease now known as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), the outbreak of which created a national emergency in the United States and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. See the attached evidence from various sources discussing the COVID-19 outbreak:

 

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html  (“Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface” and “SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19).”)
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases http://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/coronaviruses  (In late 2019, a novel coronavirus not previously identified called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) emerged that causes a disease called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019))
• The White House http://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/ (In the United States, the President declared a national emergency in response to COVID-19 on March 13, 2020.)
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-productivity-and-costs-statistics.htm (“The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting daily life for the entire country.”); and
• World Health Organization http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 noting that on March 11, 2010, the World Health Organization began characterizing the outbreak as a “pandemic”).

 

The COVID-19 outbreak has achieved widespread media attention throughout the entire world.  For example, the attached article from Vox describes how 13% of all online news article views on the Internet concerned coronavirus. See http://www.vox.com/recode/2020/3/17/21182770/news-consumption-coronavirus-traffic-views; see also http://www.journalism.org/2020/04/01/cable-tv-and-covid-19-how-americans-perceive-the-outbreak-and-view-media-coverage-differ-by-main-news-source (Pew Research Center notes that “[c]overage of COVID-19 has dominated the news and resulted in skyrocketing ratings for the nation’s cable news networks”).  Consumers are familiar with COVID-19 and understand that it is caused by a novel coronavirus.

 

An abbreviation is merely descriptive when it is generally understood as “substantially synonymous” with the descriptive words it represents. See In re Thomas Nelson, Inc., 97 USPQ2d 1712, 1715 (TTAB 2011). In the context of the identified goods and/or services, a relevant consumer viewing the term COVI in the applied-for mark would understand that COVI is the abbreviated form of COVID-19 and used in the applied-for mark to describe that the goods and/or services have a relationship to Coronavirus Disease 2019. Consumers are familiar with COVID-19 and understand that it is caused by a novel coronavirus, thus will understand that applicant’s goods are for the purpose of detecting the coronavirus.

 

Secondly, the mark includes the term STIX, which is the novel misspelling for STICK or STICKS. A novel spelling or an intentional misspelling that is the phonetic equivalent of a merely descriptive word or term is also merely descriptive if purchasers would perceive the different spelling as the equivalent of the descriptive word or term.  See In re Quik-Print Copy Shop, Inc., 616 F.2d 523, 526 & n.9, 205 USPQ 505, 507 & n.9 (C.C.P.A. 1980) (holding “QUIK-PRINT,” phonetic spelling of “quick-print,” merely descriptive of printing and photocopying services); In re Calphalon Corp., 122 USPQ2d 1153, 1163 (TTAB 2017) (holding “SHARPIN”, phonetic spelling of “sharpen,” merely descriptive of cutlery knife blocks with built-in sharpeners); In re Carlson, 91 USPQ2d 1198, 1203 (TTAB 2009) (holding “URBANHOUZING,” phonetic spelling of “urban” and “housing,” merely descriptive of real estate services); TMEP §1209.03(j). Here, the identified goods are broadly stated such that they encompass tests in the form of something that is long and thin. See attached from http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=stick defining the term.

 

Thus, Applicant has merely formed their mark by combining two merely descriptive and possibly generic sets of words. Generally, if the individual components of a mark retain their descriptive meaning in relation to the goods, the combination results in a composite mark that is itself descriptive and not registrable.  In re Fat Boys Water Sports LLC, 118 USPQ2d 1511, 1516 (TTAB 2016) (citing In re Tower Tech, Inc., 64 USPQ2d 1314, 1317-18 (TTAB (2002)); TMEP §1209.03(d); see, e.g., Apollo Med. Extrusion Techs., Inc. v. Med. Extrusion Techs., Inc., 123 USPQ2d 1844, 1851 (TTAB 2017) (holding MEDICAL EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGIES merely descriptive of medical extrusion goods produced by employing medical extrusion technologies); In re Cannon Safe, Inc., 116 USPQ2d 1348, 1351 (TTAB 2015) (holding SMART SERIES merely descriptive of metal gun safes); In re King Koil Licensing Co., 79 USPQ2d 1048, 1052 (TTAB 2006) (holding THE BREATHABLE MATTRESS merely descriptive of beds, mattresses, box springs, and pillows). 

 

Only where the combination of descriptive terms creates a unitary mark with a unique, incongruous, or otherwise nondescriptive meaning in relation to the goods and/or services is the combined mark registrable.  See In re Colonial Stores, Inc., 394 F.2d 549, 551, 157 USPQ 382, 384 (C.C.P.A. 1968); In re Positec Grp. Ltd., 108 USPQ2d 1161, 1162-63 (TTAB 2013). In this case, both the individual components and the composite result are descriptive of applicant’s goods and do not create a unique, incongruous, or nondescriptive meaning in relation to the goods. Specifically, in the context of the identified goods, a relevant consumer viewing the mark COVI-STIX would immediately understand it to convey that the goods are in stick form for detecting COVID-19.

 

Accordingly, the proposed mark COVI-STIX is merely descriptive, and registration is properly refused on the Principal Register under Section 2(e)(1). Although applicant’s mark has been refused registration, applicant may respond to the refusal by submitting evidence and arguments in support of registration.  However, if applicant responds to the refusal, applicant must also respond to the requirements set forth below.

 

REQUIREMENT FOR ACCEPTABLE IDENTIFICATION

 

As an initial matter, The USPTO has the discretion to determine the degree of particularity needed to clearly identify goods and services covered by a mark.  In re Fiat Grp. Mktg. & Corp. Commc’ns S.p.A, 109 USPQ2d 1593, 1597 (TTAB 2014) (citing In re Omega SA, 494 F.3d 1362, 1365, 83 USPQ2d 1541, 1543-44 (Fed. Cir. 2007)).  Accordingly, the USPTO requires the description of goods and services in a U.S. application to be specific, definite, clear, accurate, and concise.  TMEP §1402.01; see In re Fiat Grp. Mktg. & Corp. Commc’ns S.p.A, 109 USPQ2d at 1597-98; Cal. Spray-Chem. Corp. v. Osmose Wood Pres. Co. of Am., 102 USPQ 321, 322 (Comm’r Pats. 1954).

 

In the present case, the wording “Medical diagnostic test kits for the clinical detection of COVID-19 and Coronavirus featuring lateral flow tests” is too broad and must be clarified. See 37 C.F.R. §2.32(a)(6); TMEP §§1401.05(a), 1402.01, 1402.03.  Kits generally consist of a group of components that (1) share a common theme, or (2) are used to make a particular product.  See TMEP §1401.05(a).  Applicant must amend the identification to list the components using the guidelines below.  See id.

 

For kits consisting of a group of components that share a common theme, the identification should specify the theme followed by the wording “comprising” or “comprised of” and a list of the components that make up the kit, with all of the components in the predominant class listed first.  See id.  Generally, a kit is classified in the same international class as the majority of the components in the kit.  See id.  For example, “nail care kits comprised of nail polish, nail polish remover, false nails, nail files, and printed instructions” are in International Class 3, the class of the kits’ primary components which are listed first in the kits’ components (with “nail files” in International Class 8, and “printed instructions” in International Class 16 listed after the International Class 3 components).

 

If there are no components that are more dominant than another in a shared-theme kit, the first component listed after the wording “comprising” or “comprised of” will determine the class of the kit.  See id.  For example, “tool kits comprising hand saws and power-driven saws” are in International Class 8 (the class for “hand saws”), and “tool kits comprising power-driven saws and hand saws” are in International Class 7 (the class for “power-driven saws”).

 

For kits that make a particular product, the identification must specify the product being made using the following format:  “kits for making [specify item] comprising [specify components]” or “kits for making [specify item] comprised of [specify components].”  See id.  Generally, this type of kit is classified in the international class of the product being made.  For example, “kits for making wine consisting of fresh grapes and chemicals for fermenting wine” are classified in International Class 33 (the class for “wine”).

 

For examples of other acceptable identifications for kits (e.g., sewing kits, face painting kits), please see the USPTO’s U.S. Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual (ID Manual).

 

Taking into account the forgoing, applicant may amend the identification to the following, if accurate:

 

Class 005: COVID-19 lateral flow viral antigen diagnostic test; Medical diagnostic test kits for the clinical detection of COVID-19 and Coronavirus comprised of lateral flow tests for testing body fluids

 

Advisories

 

As SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and COVID-19 has never been seen in humans before late 2019, goods or services related to coronavirus transmission and the treatment of COVID-19 are in early stages of development. Thus, applicant should also note that, upon consideration of a statement of use/allegation of use, registration may be refused on the ground that the applied-for mark, as used on the specimen of record, includes deceptive matter in relation to the identified goods if the specimen of use shows the applied-for mark used with goods that makes unproven claims regarding coronaviruses and COVID-19. See http://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-alerts-consumers-about-unauthorized-fraudulent-covid-19-test-kits .

 

Applicant’s goods and/or services may be clarified or limited, but may not be expanded beyond those originally itemized in the application or as acceptably amended.  See 37 C.F.R. §2.71(a); TMEP §1402.06.  Applicant may clarify or limit the identification by inserting qualifying language or deleting items to result in a more specific identification; however, applicant may not substitute different goods and/or services or add goods and/or services not found or encompassed by those in the original application or as acceptably amended.  See TMEP §1402.06(a)-(b).  The scope of the goods and/or services sets the outer limit for any changes to the identification and is generally determined by the ordinary meaning of the wording in the identification.  TMEP §§1402.06(b), 1402.07(a)-(b).  Any acceptable changes to the goods and/or services will further limit scope, and once goods and/or services are deleted, they are not permitted to be reinserted.  TMEP §1402.07(e).

 

For assistance with identifying and classifying goods and services in trademark applications, please see the USPTO’s online searchable U.S. Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual.  See TMEP §1402.04.

 

REQUEST FOR INFORMATION

 

To permit proper examination of the application, applicant must submit additional product information about applicant’s goods because the nature of such goods is not clear from the present record.  See 37 C.F.R. §2.61(b); TMEP §814.  The requested product information should include fact sheets, instruction manuals, advertisements and promotional materials, and/or a photograph of the identified goods.  If these materials are unavailable, applicant should submit similar documentation for goods of the same type, explaining how its own product will differ.  Applicant must also describe in detail the nature, purpose, and channels of trade of the goods.

 

Factual information about the goods must clearly indicate how they operate, their salient features, and their prospective customers and channels of trade. 

 

To permit proper examination of the application, applicant must also provide the following information:

 

1. Are the goods for the detection of COVID-19/coronavirus?

 

2. What is the shape of applicant’s identified goods?

 

3. Does applicant’s test kits include testing sticks?

 

Failure to comply with a request for information is grounds for refusing registration.  In re Harley, 119 USPQ2d 1755, 1757-58 (TTAB 2016); TMEP §814.  Merely stating that information about the goods and services is available on applicant’s website is an insufficient response and will not make the relevant information of record.  See In re Planalytics, Inc., 70 USPQ2d 1453, 1457-58 (TTAB 2004).

 

ASSISTANCE

 

Please call or email the assigned trademark examining attorney with questions about this Office action.  Although the trademark examining attorney cannot provide legal advice or statements about applicant’s rights, the trademark examining attorney can provide applicant with additional explanation about the refusal(s) and/or requirement(s) in this Office action.  See TMEP §§705.02, 709.06.  Although the USPTO does not accept emails as responses to Office actions, emails can be used for informal communications and will be included in the application record.  See 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(c), 2.191; TMEP §§304.01-.02, 709.04-.05. 

 

How to respond.  Click to file a response to this nonfinal Office action.    

 

 

/Heather A. Sales/

Examining Attorney

Law Office 130

(571) 272-7835

Heather.Sales@uspto.gov

 

 

RESPONSE GUIDANCE

• Missing the response deadline to this letter will cause the application to abandon.  A response or notice of appeal must be received by the USPTO before midnight Eastern Time of the last day of the response period.  TEAS and ESTTA maintenance or unforeseen circumstances could affect an applicant’s ability to timely respond.  

 

• Responses signed by an unauthorized party are not accepted and can cause the application to abandon.  If applicant does not have an attorney, the response must be signed by the individual applicant, all joint applicants, or someone with legal authority to bind a juristic applicant.  If applicant has an attorney, the response must be signed by the attorney.

 

• If needed, find contact information for the supervisor of the office or unit listed in the signature block.

 

United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

 

USPTO OFFICIAL NOTICE

 

Office Action (Official Letter) has issued

on November 14, 2020 for

U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 90196893

 

Your trademark application has been reviewed by a trademark examining attorney.  As part of that review, the assigned attorney has issued an official letter that you must respond to by the specified deadline or your application will be abandoned.  Please follow the steps below.

 

(1)  Read the official letter.

 

(2)  Direct questions about the contents of the Office action to the assigned attorney below. 

 

 

/Heather A. Sales/

Examining Attorney

Law Office 130

(571) 272-7835

Heather.Sales@uspto.gov

 

Direct questions about navigating USPTO electronic forms, the USPTO website, the application process, the status of your application, and/or whether there are outstanding deadlines or documents related to your file to the Trademark Assistance Center (TAC).

 

(3)  Respond within 6 months (or earlier, if required in the Office action) from November 14, 2020, using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS).  The response must be received by the USPTO before midnight Eastern Time of the last day of the response period.  See the Office action for more information about how to respond

 

 

 

GENERAL GUIDANCE

·         Check the status of your application periodically in the Trademark Status & Document Retrieval (TSDR) database to avoid missing critical deadlines.

 

·         Update your correspondence email address, if needed, to ensure you receive important USPTO notices about your application.

 

·         Beware of misleading notices sent by private companies about your application.  Private companies not associated with the USPTO use public information available in trademark registrations to mail and email trademark-related offers and notices – most of which require fees.  All official USPTO correspondence will only be emailed from the domain “@uspto.gov.”