To: | JS Products, Inc. (mail@weidemiller.com) |
Subject: | U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88533923 - ILLUMINATOR - JSPROD.0298T |
Sent: | October 21, 2019 05:03:37 PM |
Sent As: | ecom121@uspto.gov |
Attachments: | Attachment - 1 Attachment - 2 Attachment - 3 Attachment - 4 Attachment - 5 Attachment - 6 Attachment - 7 Attachment - 8 Attachment - 9 Attachment - 10 Attachment - 11 Attachment - 12 Attachment - 13 Attachment - 14 Attachment - 15 |
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Office Action (Official Letter) About Applicant’s Trademark Application
U.S. Application Serial No. 88533923
Mark: ILLUMINATOR
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Correspondence Address: 10655 PARK RUN DRIVE, SUITE 100
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Applicant: JS Products, Inc.
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Reference/Docket No. JSPROD.0298T
Correspondence Email Address: |
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The USPTO must receive applicant’s response to this letter within six months of the issue date below or the application will be abandoned. Respond using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). A link to the appropriate TEAS response form appears at the end of this Office action.
Issue date: October 21, 2019
The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney. Applicant must respond timely and completely to the issues below. 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
Section 2(d) Refusal – Likelihood of Confusion – Limited
Applicant’s mark is ILLUMINATOR, in stylized form, for relevant use on:
Class 11: Flashlights; LED flashlights; Outdoor portable lighting products, namely, headlamps; Portable utility lights; Tactical flashlights
The registered mark in U.S. Registration No. 2401716 is ILLUMIN8ER, in standard characters, for use on:
Class 11: LED Lighting, specifically, Portable LED light mats, namely, lighting apparatus for vehicles, vehicle reflectors, LED light assemblies for street lights and automobiles, LED lighting systems that include LED modules, power supplies, and wiring, safety lamps for underground use, portable utility lights, portable battery-operated lights that can be placed on a surface where other light sources are unavailable, and outdoor portable headlamps, all of the foregoing not for elevator use
The registered mark in U.S. Registration No. 5014826 is ILLUMINATOR, in standard characters, for use on:
Class 11: Utility lights and auxiliary lights for vehicles
Trademark Act Section 2(d) bars registration of an applied-for mark that is so similar to a registered mark that it is likely consumers would be confused, mistaken, or deceived as to the commercial source of the goods of the parties. See 15 U.S.C. §1052(d). Likelihood of confusion is determined on a case-by-case basis by applying the factors set forth in In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357, 1361, 177 USPQ 563, 567 (C.C.P.A. 1973) (called the “du Pont factors”). In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d 1315, 1322, 123 USPQ2d 1744, 1747 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Only those factors that are “relevant and of record” need be considered. M2 Software, Inc. v. M2 Commc’ns, Inc., 450 F.3d 1378, 1382, 78 USPQ2d 1944, 1947 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (citing Shen Mfg. Co. v. Ritz Hotel Ltd., 393 F.3d 1238, 1241, 73 USPQ2d 1350, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2004)); see In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1744 (TTAB 2018).
Although not all du Pont factors may be relevant, there are generally two key considerations in any likelihood of confusion analysis: (1) the similarities between the compared marks and (2) the relatedness of the compared goods. See In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d at 1322, 123 USPQ2d at 1747 (quoting Herbko Int’l, Inc. v. Kappa Books, Inc., 308 F.3d 1156, 1164-65, 64 USPQ2d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2002)); Federated Foods, Inc. v. Fort Howard Paper Co.,544 F.2d 1098, 1103, 192 USPQ 24, 29 (C.C.P.A. 1976) (“The fundamental inquiry mandated by [Section] 2(d) goes to the cumulative effect of differences in the essential characteristics of the goods and differences in the marks.”); TMEP §1207.01.
Comparing the Marks
Marks are compared in their entireties for similarities in appearance, sound, connotation, and commercial impression. Stone Lion Capital Partners, LP v. Lion Capital LLP, 746 F.3d 1317, 1321, 110 USPQ2d 1157, 1160 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Palm Bay Imps., Inc. v. Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee En 1772, 396 F.3d 1369, 1371, 73 USPQ2d 1689, 1691 (Fed. Cir. 2005)); TMEP §1207.01(b)-(b)(v). “Similarity in any one of these elements may be sufficient to find the marks confusingly similar.” In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1746 (TTAB 2018) (citing In re Davia, 110 USPQ2d 1810, 1812 (TTAB 2014)); TMEP §1207.01(b).
Although applicant’s mark is in stylized form and registrants marks are in standard characters, this does not obviate the similarities between the compared marks. A mark in typed or standard characters may be displayed in any lettering style; the rights reside in the wording or other literal element and not in any particular display or rendition. See In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 1363, 101 USPQ2d 1905, 1909 (Fed. Cir. 2012); In re Mighty Leaf Tea, 601 F.3d 1342, 1348, 94 USPQ2d 1257, 1260 (Fed. Cir. 2010); 37 C.F.R. §2.52(a); TMEP §1207.01(c)(iii). Thus, a mark presented in stylized characters and/or with a design element generally will not avoid likelihood of confusion with a mark in typed or standard characters because the word portion could be presented in the same manner of display. See, e.g., In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d at 1363, 101 USPQ2d at 1909; Squirtco v. Tomy Corp., 697 F.2d 1038, 1041, 216 USPQ 937, 939 (Fed. Cir. 1983) (stating that “the argument concerning a difference in type style is not viable where one party asserts rights in no particular display”).
Regarding U.S. Registration No. 2401716
In the present case, the wording in applicant’s mark is ILLUMINATOR and the wording in registrant’s mark is ILLUMINATOR. The wording in these marks are identical in appearance, sound, and meaning, “and have the potential to be used . . . in exactly the same manner.” In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 116 USPQ2d 1406, 1411 (TTAB 2015), aff’d, 866 F.3d 1315, 123 USPQ2d 1744 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Additionally, because they are identical, the wording in these marks are likely to engender the same connotation and overall commercial impression when considered in connection with applicant’s and registrant’s respective goods and/or services. Id.
Therefore, the marks are confusingly similar.
Regarding U.S. Registration No. 5014826
In this case, registrant’s mark appears as an intentionally misspelled version of the wording ILLUMINATOR. Accordingly, the compared marks are essentially phonetic equivalents and thus sound similar. Similarity in sound alone may be sufficient to support a finding that the marks are confusingly similar. In re White Swan Ltd., 8 USPQ2d 1534, 1535 (TTAB 1988); see In re 1st USA Realty Prof’ls, Inc., 84 USPQ2d 1581, 1586 (TTAB 2007); TMEP §1207.01(b)(iv).
Since the marks are highly similar in sound, appearance, and connotation, source confusion is likely.
Comparing the Goods
Regarding U.S. Registration No. 5014826
In this case, the application uses broad wording to describe “portable utility lights” which presumably encompasses all goods of the type described, including registrant’s more narrow “LED Lighting, specifically, Portable LED light mats, namely, lighting apparatus for vehicles, vehicle reflectors, LED light assemblies for street lights and automobiles, LED lighting systems that include LED modules, power supplies, and wiring, safety lamps for underground use, portable utility lights, portable battery-operated lights that can be placed on a surface where other light sources are unavailable, and outdoor portable headlamps, all of the foregoing not for elevator use.” See, e.g., In re Solid State Design Inc., 125 USPQ2d 1409, 1412-15 (TTAB 2018); Sw. Mgmt., Inc. v. Ocinomled, Ltd., 115 USPQ2d 1007, 1025 (TTAB 2015). Thus, applicant’s and registrant’s goods are legally identical. See, e.g., In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 127 USPQ2d 1627, 1629 (TTAB 2018) (citing Tuxedo Monopoly, Inc. v.Gen. Mills Fun Grp., Inc., 648 F.2d 1335, 1336, 209 USPQ 986, 988 (C.C.P.A. 1981); Inter IKEA Sys. B.V. v. Akea, LLC, 110 USPQ2d 1734, 1745 (TTAB 2014); Baseball Am. Inc. v. Powerplay Sports Ltd., 71 USPQ2d 1844, 1847 n.9 (TTAB 2004)).
Additionally, the goods of the parties have no restrictions as to nature, type, channels of trade, or classes of purchasers and are “presumed to travel in the same channels of trade to the same class of purchasers.” In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 1362, 101 USPQ2d 1905, 1908 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press, Inc., 281 F.3d 1261, 1268, 62 USPQ2d 1001, 1005 (Fed. Cir. 2002)). Thus, applicant’s and registrant’s goods are related.
Further, the following evidence from Western Technology, Bosch, and Milwaukee demonstrates that the same entity commonly provides applicant’s flashlights, headlamps, and portable utility lights and registrant’s portable utility lights and portable battery-operated lights and markets the goods under the same mark. The same evidence also demonstrates that the relevant goods are sold or provided through the same trade channels and used by the same classes of consumers in the same fields of use and are similar or complementary in terms of purpose or function. Thus, applicant’s and registrant’s goods are considered related for likelihood of confusion purposes. See, e.g., In re Davey Prods. Pty Ltd., 92 USPQ2d 1198, 1202-04 (TTAB 2009); In re Toshiba Med. Sys. Corp., 91 USPQ2d 1266, 1268-69, 1271-72 (TTAB 2009).
Regarding U.S. Registration No. 2401716
Similarly, registrant’s broadly worded “utility lights” presumably encompasses all goods of the type described, including applicant’s “portable utility lights.” The attached evidence referenced above also demonstrates that the same entity commonly provides applicant’s flashlights, headlamps, and portable utility lights and registrant’s portable utility lights and portable battery-operated lights and markets the goods under the same mark. The same evidence also demonstrates that the relevant goods are sold or provided through the same trade channels and used by the same classes of consumers in the same fields of use and are similar or complementary in terms of purpose or function. Thus, applicant’s and registrant’s goods are considered related for likelihood of confusion purposes.
Since the marks are highly similar and phonetically equivalent and the goods are encompassing and closely related, there is a likelihood of confusion as to the source of applicant’s goods. Therefore, applicant’s mark is not entitled to registration.
Section 2(e)(1) Refusal – Merely Descriptive
Registration is also refused because the applied-for mark merely describes a feature or basic nature of applicant’s goods. Trademark Act Section 2(e)(1), 15 U.S.C. §1052(e)(1); see TMEP §§1209.01(b), 1209.03 et seq.
Here, applicant’s mark is ILLUMINATOR for “Electric cords; Electrical power distribution blocks; Electrical power distribution units; Electrical power extension cords; Power strips; Reels for electric wire; Renewable battery system to provide backup power” and “Flashlights; LED flashlights; Outdoor portable lighting products, namely, headlamps; Portable utility lights; Tactical flashlights.” The definition of ILLUMINATOR is “any apparatus or device for giving, concentrating, or reflecting light.” See attached dictionary definition. Accordingly, the wording in the applied-for mark is used to describe the feature or basic nature of applicant’s goods that provide light and devices used for powering such devices.
The applied-for mark shows the wording in stylized lettering. Stylized descriptive or generic wording is registrable only if the stylization creates a commercial impression separate and apart from the impression made by the wording itself. See In re Cordua Rests., Inc., 823 F.3d 594, 606, 118 USPQ2d 1632, 1639-40 (Fed. Cir. 2016); In re Northland Aluminum Prods., Inc., 777 F.2d 1556, 1561, 227 USPQ 961, 964 (Fed. Cir. 1985); TMEP §1209.03(w). Common and ordinary lettering with minimal stylization, as in this case, is generally not sufficiently striking, unique, or distinctive as to make an impression on purchasers separate from the wording. See In re Sadoru Grp., Ltd., 105 USPQ2d 1484, 1487 (TTAB 2012).
Because applicant’s mark, ILLUMINATOR, is merely descriptive of the feature or basic nature of the applicant’s goods, registration must be refused on the Principal Register under Section 2(e)(1) of the Trademark Act.
Supplemental Register Advisory
If applicant files an acceptable allegation of use and also amends to the Supplemental Register, the application effective filing date will be the date applicant met the minimum filing requirements under 37 C.F.R. §2.76(c) for an amendment to allege use. TMEP §§816.02, 1102.03; see 37 C.F.R. §2.75(b). In addition, the undersigned trademark examining attorney will conduct a new search of the USPTO records for conflicting marks based on the later application filing date. TMEP §§206.01, 1102.03.
(1) STATEMENTS: The following statements: “The applicant is the owner of the mark sought to be registered.” and “The applicant is using the mark in commerce on or in connection with all the goods/services in the application or notice of allowance, or as subsequently modified.”
(2) DATES OF FIRST USE: The date of first use of the mark anywhereon or in connection with the goods and/or services, and the date of first use of the mark in commerceas a trademark or service mark. See more information about dates of use.
(3) GOODS AND/OR SERVICES: The goods and/or services specified in the application.
(4) SPECIMEN: A specimen showing how applicant uses the mark in commerce for each class of goods and/or services for which use is being asserted. If a single specimen supports multiple classes, applicant should indicate which classes the specimen supports rather than providing multiple copies of the same specimen. See more information about specimens.
(5) FEE(S): A filing fee for each international class of goods and/or services for which use is being asserted (find current fee information).
(6) VERIFICATION: Verification of (1) through (4) above in an affidavit or signed declaration under 37 C.F.R. §2.20. See more information about verification.
See 37 C.F.R. §2.76(b); TMEP §1104.08.
An amendment to allege use may be filed online via the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). Filing an amendment to allege use is not considered a response to an Office action. 37 C.F.R. §2.76(h); TMEP §1104. An applicant must file a separate response to any outstanding Office action. TMEP §1104; see 37 C.F.R. §2.76(h).
Attorney Bar Information and Attestation Requirement
To provide bar information. Applicant’s attorney should respond to this Office action by using the appropriate TEAS response form and provide his or her bar information in the “Attorney Information” page of the form, within the bar information section. See 37 C.F.R. §2.17(b)(1)(ii). Bar information provided in any other area of the form will be viewable by the public in USPTO records.
TEAS PLUS OR TEAS REDUCED FEE (TEAS RF) APPLICANTS – TO MAINTAIN LOWER FEE, ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS MUST BE MET, INCLUDING SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS ONLINE: Applicants who filed their application online using the lower-fee TEAS Plus or TEAS RF application form must (1) file certain documents online using TEAS, including responses to Office actions (see TMEP §§819.02(b), 820.02(b) for a complete list of these documents); (2) maintain a valid e-mail correspondence address; and (3) agree to receive correspondence from the USPTO by e-mail throughout the prosecution of the application. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.22(b), 2.23(b); TMEP §§819, 820. TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants who do not meet these requirements must submit an additional processing fee of $125 per class of goods and/or services. 37 C.F.R. §§2.6(a)(1)(v), 2.22(c), 2.23(c); TMEP §§819.04, 820.04. However, in certain situations, TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants may respond to an Office action by authorizing an examiner’s amendment by telephone or e-mail without incurring this additional fee.
How to respond. Click to file a response to this nonfinal Office action
/Elizabeth Shen/
Trademark Examining Attorney
Pronouns: she/her
Law Office 121
571-270-7111
elizabeth.shen@uspto.gov
RESPONSE GUIDANCE