To: | PlayMonster LLC (howard@hfine.com) |
Subject: | U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88446893 - FABLAB - 267-080 |
Sent: | August 13, 2019 11:53:14 AM |
Sent As: | ecom102@uspto.gov |
Attachments: | Attachment - 1 Attachment - 2 Attachment - 3 Attachment - 4 Attachment - 5 Attachment - 6 Attachment - 7 Attachment - 8 Attachment - 9 Attachment - 10 Attachment - 11 Attachment - 12 Attachment - 13 Attachment - 14 Attachment - 15 Attachment - 16 Attachment - 17 Attachment - 18 Attachment - 19 Attachment - 20 Attachment - 21 Attachment - 22 Attachment - 23 Attachment - 24 Attachment - 25 Attachment - 26 Attachment - 27 Attachment - 28 Attachment - 29 Attachment - 30 Attachment - 31 Attachment - 32 Attachment - 33 Attachment - 34 Attachment - 35 Attachment - 36 Attachment - 37 Attachment - 38 |
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Office Action (Official Letter) About Applicant’s Trademark Application
U.S. Application Serial No. 88446893
Mark: FABLAB
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Correspondence Address: HOWARD R. FINE, ATTORNEY AT LAW
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Applicant: PlayMonster LLC
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Reference/Docket No. 267-080
Correspondence Email Address: |
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The USPTO must receive applicant’s response to this letter within six months of the issue date below or the application will be abandoned. Respond using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). A link to the appropriate TEAS response form appears at the end of this Office action.
Issue date: August 13, 2019
The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney. Applicant must respond timely and completely to the issue(s) below. 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
SUMMARY OF ISSUES
Registration is refused on the following grounds:
Advisory: Per rule changes effective August 3, 2019, all U.S.-licensed attorneys in a trademark matter before the United States Patent and Trademark Office must provide bar membership information and a statement of good standing in the bar in applications and application-related submissions. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.17(b)(3), 2.22(a)(21), 2.32(a)(4).
Registration of the applied-for mark is refused because of a likelihood of confusion with the mark in U.S. Registration Nos. 5481607 and 5387351. Trademark Act Section 2(d), 15 U.S.C. §1052(d); see TMEP §§1207.01 et seq. See the attached registration.
Trademark Act Section 2(d) bars registration of an applied-for mark that is so similar to a registered mark that it is likely consumers would be confused, mistaken, or deceived as to the commercial source of the goods and/or services of the parties. See 15 U.S.C. §1052(d). Likelihood of confusion is determined on a case-by-case basis by applying the factors set forth in In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357, 1361, 177 USPQ 563, 567 (C.C.P.A. 1973) (called the “du Pont factors”). In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d 1315, 1322, 123 USPQ2d 1744, 1747 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Only those factors that are “relevant and of record” need be considered. M2 Software, Inc. v. M2 Commc’ns, Inc., 450 F.3d 1378, 1382, 78 USPQ2d 1944, 1947 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (citing Shen Mfg. Co. v. Ritz Hotel Ltd., 393 F.3d 1238, 1241, 73 USPQ2d 1350, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2004)); see In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1744 (TTAB 2018).
Although not all du Pont factors may be relevant, there are generally two key considerations in any likelihood of confusion analysis: (1) the similarities between the compared marks and (2) the relatedness of the compared goods and/or services. See In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 866 F.3d at 1322, 123 USPQ2d at 1747 (quoting Herbko Int’l, Inc. v. Kappa Books, Inc., 308 F.3d 1156, 1164-65, 64 USPQ2d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2002)); Federated Foods, Inc. v. Fort Howard Paper Co., 544 F.2d 1098, 1103, 192 USPQ 24, 29 (C.C.P.A. 1976) (“The fundamental inquiry mandated by [Section] 2(d) goes to the cumulative effect of differences in the essential characteristics of the goods [or services] and differences in the marks.”); TMEP §1207.01.
The Marks Are Confusingly Similar
In the present case, applicant’s mark is FABLAB and registrant’s marks are FAB LAB. The registrant is Jo-Ann Stores, LLC. These marks are identical sound, and meaning, “and have the potential to be used . . . in exactly the same manner.” In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 116 USPQ2d 1406, 1411 (TTAB 2015), aff’d, 866 F.3d 1315, 123 USPQ2d 1744 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Additionally, because they are identical, these marks are likely to engender the same connotation and overall commercial impression when considered in connection with applicant and registrant’s respective goods. Id.
The marks only differ in that the registrant’s marks are displayed as two words, while the applied for mark is one word. However, this is a minor difference between the marks that does not alter the commercial impression of the marks. When comparing marks, “[t]he proper test is not a side-by-side comparison of the marks, but instead whether the marks are sufficiently similar in terms of their commercial impression such that [consumers] who encounter the marks would be likely to assume a connection between the parties.” Cai v. Diamond Hong, Inc., __ F.3d __, 127 USPQ2d 1797, 1801 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (quoting Coach Servs., Inc. v. Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 1368, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2012)); TMEP §1207.01(b). The proper focus is on the recollection of the average purchaser, who retains a general rather than specific impression of trademarks. In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d 1742, 1746 (TTAB 2018) (citing In re St. Helena Hosp., 774 F.3d 747, 750-51, 113 USPQ2d 1082, 1085 (Fed. Cir. 2014); Geigy Chem. Corp. v. Atlas Chem. Indus., Inc., 438 F.2d 1005, 1007, 169 USPQ 39, 40 (CCPA 1971)); TMEP §1207.01(b).
Therefore, the marks are confusingly similar.
The Parties’ Goods are Closely Related
The goods in the application are “Tie dye kits comprised of applicator bottles containing dye, rubber bands and protective gloves for children to decorate clothing and accessories; Educational toys and components for creating bath bombs and fragrances; Toy imitation cosmetics; Playsets and kits comprised of materials for children to color hair and nails and to apply temporary tattoos; Playsets and kits for children to apply and remove temporary tattoos; Playsets and kits comprised of nail polish, glitter, stickers and instructions for children to decorate nails; Playsets and kits comprised of hair chalks, protective gloves, hair clips and instructions for children to color hair, Playsets and kits comprised of fragrances, empty gift bottles, labels and instructions for children to create perfumes.”
The goods in the registration are “Stencils; arts and crafts paint kits; paper mache; letters, namely, craft-based alphabetic and numeric letter forms made of paper, foam, canvas, fabric, and wire for making signs, crafting and home décor; stationery; chalk and chalkboards; felt; fabrics for arts and crafts” and “Wood boxes; wood crates; decorative glitter; ornaments of acrylic resin and wood; unfinished wood shapes; wooden craft sticks; decorative wooden and plastic wall letters for spelling names and words; letters, namely, craft-based alphabetic and numeric letter forms made of wood and resin for making signs, making crafts and home décor; Arts and crafts findings, namely, plastic wiggly eyes; feathers for ornamentation; buttons, chenille stems; Bells for Christmas trees.”
The compared goods and/or services need not be identical or even competitive to find a likelihood of confusion. See On-line Careline Inc. v. Am. Online Inc., 229 F.3d 1080, 1086, 56 USPQ2d 1471, 1475 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Recot, Inc. v. Becton, 214 F.3d 1322, 1329, 54 USPQ2d 1894, 1898 (Fed. Cir. 2000); TMEP §1207.01(a)(i). They need only be “related in some manner and/or if the circumstances surrounding their marketing are such that they could give rise to the mistaken belief that [the goods and/or services] emanate from the same source.” Coach Servs., Inc. v. Triumph Learning LLC, 668 F.3d 1356, 1369, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1722 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting 7-Eleven Inc. v. Wechsler, 83 USPQ2d 1715, 1724 (TTAB 2007)); TMEP §1207.01(a)(i).
Where the marks of the respective parties are identical or virtually identical, as in this case, the degree of similarity or relatedness between the goods and/or services needed to support a finding of likelihood of confusion declines. See In re i.am.symbolic, llc, 116 USPQ2d 1406, 1411 (TTAB 2015) (citing In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1207, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 1993)), aff’d, 866 F.3d 1315, 123 USPQ2d 1744 (Fed. Cir. 2017); TMEP §1207.01(a). However, in this case, the parties’ goods can all be considered arts and crafts for ornamentation, decoration purposes. Thus, the goods travel in the same industry and there is a chance the same consumer will encounter the parties’ goods in commerce.
Another example is the fact that the parties’ goods travel via the same channels of trade in arts and crafts stores such as Michaels. (See attachment showing Michaels is the retail source for tie dye kits, fabrics for arts and crafts, playsets for decoration of nails, arts and crafts kits for body paint). The attachment shows that consumers will run into the goods via the same store so that upon seeing related goods identified by the same mark, consumers will be likely confused into believing the goods are associated, affiliated or come from the same source. The fact that the goods of the parties differ is not controlling in determining likelihood of confusion. The issue is not likelihood of confusion between particular goods, but likelihood of confusion as to the source or sponsorship of those goods. In re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1316, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1205 (Fed. Cir. 2003); In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 1993); TMEP §1207.01.
Thus, applicant and registrant’s goods are considered related for likelihood of confusion purposes. See, e.g., In re Davey Prods. Pty Ltd., 92 USPQ2d 1198, 1202-04 (TTAB 2009); In re Toshiba Med. Sys. Corp., 91 USPQ2d 1266, 1268-69, 1271-72 (TTAB 2009).
In the eyes of the purchasing public, the trademarks will be confusingly similar since it can appear that the proposed mark identifies a line of goods in registrant’s already existing line of arts and crafts goods, already identified by the mark FAB LAB.
Thus, upon encountering FABLAB and FAB LAB in commerce for closely related goods, consumers are likely to be confused and mistakenly believe that the respective goods come from a common source, or that there is some sort of affiliation, association or sponsorship between the parties.
Conclusion
Consumers may be confused into believing that the products come from the same source, or that the parties are affiliated. The issue is not likelihood of confusion between particular goods, but likelihood of confusion as to the source or sponsorship of those goods. In re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1316, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1205 (Fed. Cir. 2003); In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 1993); TMEP §1207.01.
The overriding concern is not only to prevent buyer confusion as to the source of the goods and/or services, but to protect the registrant from adverse commercial impact due to use of a similar mark by a newcomer. See In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1690 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Therefore, any doubt regarding a likelihood of confusion determination is resolved in favor of the registrant. TMEP §1207.01(d)(i); see Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press, Inc., 281 F.3d 1261, 1265, 62 USPQ2d 1001, 1003 (Fed. Cir. 2002); In re Hyper Shoppes (Ohio), Inc., 837 F.2d 463, 464-65, 6 USPQ2d 1025, 1026 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
Having conformed to both steps in the Section 2(d) analysis, the examining attorney herein makes the refusal to register because Applicant’s mark so resembles the mark in U.S. Registration Nos. 5481607 and 5387351, as to be likely to cause confusion when used on or in connection with the goods identified in the application.
Although applicant’s mark has been refused registration, applicant may respond to the refusal by submitting evidence and arguments in support of registration.
CLASS 16 - TIE DYE KITS COMPRISED OF APPLICATOR BOTTLES CONTAINING DYE, RUBBER BANDS AND PROTECTIVE GLOVES FOR CHILDREN TO DECORATE CLOTHING AND ACCESSORIES
The identification for “kits” is indefinite and must be clarified. See 37 C.F.R. §2.32(a)(6); TMEP §§1401.05(a), 1402.01, 1402.03. Kits generally consist of a group of components that (1) share a common theme, or (2) are used to make a particular product. See TMEP §1401.05(a). Applicant must amend the identification to list the components, using the guidelines below. See id.
For kits consisting of a group of components that share a common theme, the identification should specify the theme followed by the wording “comprising” or “comprised of” and a list of the components that make up the kit, with all of the components in the predominant class listed first. See id. Generally, a kit is classified in the same international class as the majority of the components in the kit. See id. For example, “nail care kits comprised of nail polish, nail polish remover, false nails, nail files, and printed instructions” are in International Class 3, the class of the kits’ primary components which are listed first in the kits’ components (with “nail files” in International Class 8, and “printed instructions” in International Class 16 listed after the International Class 3 components).
If there are no components that are more dominant than another in a shared-theme kit, the first component listed after the wording “comprising” or “comprised of” will determine the class of the kit. See id. For example, “tool kits comprising hand saws and power-driven saws” are in International Class 8 (the class for “hand saws”), and “tool kits comprising power-driven saws and hand saws” are in International Class 7 (the class for “power-driven saws”).
For kits that make a particular product, the identification must specify the product being made using the following format: “kits for making [specify item] comprising [specify components]” or “kits for making [specify item] comprised of [specify components].” See id. Generally, this type of kit is classified in the international class of the product being made. For example, “kits for making wine consisting of fresh grapes and chemicals for fermenting wine” are classified in International Class 33 (the class for “wine”).
For examples of other acceptable identifications for kits (e.g., sewing kits, face painting kits), please see the USPTO’s U.S. Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual (ID Manual).
Here, the nature of the kits must be clarified in order to determine proper classification. Applicant may amend to the following if accurate:
Tie dye kits comprised of dye stored in applicator bottles, rubber bands and protective gloves for children to decorate clothing and accessories, in Class 2.
CLASS 28 - EDUCATIONAL TOYS AND COMPONENTS FOR CREATING BATH BOMBS AND FRAGRANCES; TOY IMITATION COSMETICS; PLAYSETS AND KITS COMPRISED OF MATERIALS FOR CHILDREN TO COLOR HAIR AND NAILS AND TO APPLY TEMPORARY TATTOOS; PLAYSETS AND KITS FOR CHILDREN TO APPLY AND REMOVE TEMPORARY TATTOOS; PLAYSETS AND KITS COMPRISED OF NAIL POLISH, GLITTER, STICKERS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN TO DECORATE NAILS; PLAYSETS AND KITS COMPRISED OF HAIR CHALKS, PROTECTIVE GLOVES, HAIR CLIPS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN TO COLOR HAIR, PLAYSETS AND KITS COMPRISED OF FRAGRANCES, EMPTY GIFT BOTTLES, LABELS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN TO CREATE PERFUMES
Note the underlined wording requires clarification.
The term “components” is unacceptable because it is vague and indefinite and may refer to goods not classified in Class 28.
Classification for the kits requires clarification. All playsets are in Class 28, but not all kits are in Class 28. Kits are classified according to the above guidelines. Here then it is unclear that the kits would be in Class 28. For example, kits for nails would be in 3 where nail care kits comprising nail polish and other nail polish is classified; kits for temporary tattoos would in Class 16 where temporary tattoos are classified and so on. The kits would likely be classified according to the particular product that is the end product of the kit.
Guidance for Adding International Classes:
(1) List the goods and/or services by their international class number in consecutive numerical order, starting with the lowest numbered class.
(2) Submit a filing fee for each international class not covered by the fee(s) already paid (view the USPTO’s current fee schedule). The application identifies goods that could be classified in at least 3 classes; however, applicant submitted a fee(s) sufficient for only 2 class(es). Applicant must either submit the filing fees for the classes not covered by the submitted fees or restrict the application to the number of classes covered by the fees already paid.
See 15 U.S.C. §§1051(b), 1112, 1126(e); 37 C.F.R. §§2.32(a)(6)-(7), 2.34(a)(2)-(3), 2.86(a); TMEP §§1403.01, 1403.02(c).
See an overview of the requirements for a Section 1(b) multiple-class application and how to satisfy the requirements online using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS) form.
General Guidance for Identification Amendments:
Applicant’s goods and/or services may be clarified or limited, but may not be expanded beyond those originally itemized in the application or as acceptably amended. See 37 C.F.R. §2.71(a); TMEP §1402.06.
The USPTO has the discretion to determine the degree of particularity needed to clearly identify goods and/or services covered by a mark. In re Fiat Grp. Mktg. & Corp. Commc’ns S.p.A, 109 USPQ2d 1593, 1597 (TTAB 2014) (citing In re Omega SA, 494 F.3d 1362, 1365, 83 USPQ2d 1541, 1543-44 (Fed. Cir. 2007)). Accordingly, the USPTO requires the description of goods and/or services in a U.S. application to be specific, definite, clear, accurate, and concise. TMEP §1402.01; see In re Fiat Grp. Mktg. & Corp. Commc’ns S.p.A, 109 USPQ2d at 1597-98; Cal. Spray-Chem. Corp. v. Osmose Wood Pres. Co. of Am., 102 USPQ 321, 322 (Comm’r Pats. 1954).
“The purpose of the identification of goods [and/or services] is to provide the general population, including consumers and members of the relevant industry, with an understandable description of the goods and services, which is done by using the common commercial name for the goods [and/or services].” In re Gulf Coast Nutritionals, Inc., 106 USPQ2d 1243, 1247 (TTAB 2013) (citing In re Sones, 590 F.3d 1282, 1289, 93 USPQ2d 1118, 1124 (Fed. Cir. 2009)). If there is no common, ordinary name for the goods and/or services, applicant should describe the goods and/or services using wording that would be generally understood by the average person. See Schenley Indus., Inc. v. Battistoni, 112 USPQ 485, 486 (Comm’r Pats. 1957); Cal. Spray-Chem. Corp. v. Osmose Wood Pres. Co. of Am., 102 USPQ 321, 322 (Comm’r Pats. 1954); TMEP §1402.01.
An in depth knowledge of the relevant field should not be necessary for understanding a description of the goods and/or services. TMEP §1402.01. “[T]echnical, high-sounding verbiage” should be avoided. Cal. Spray-Chem. Corp. v. Osmose Wood Pres. Co. of Am., 102 USPQ at 322.
Applicant must adopt the appropriate international classification number for the goods and/or services identified in the application. The USPTO follows the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (Nice Classification), established by the World Intellectual Property Organization, to classify goods and services. See 37 C.F.R. §2.85(a); TMEP §§1401.02, 1401.02(a).
Proper classification of goods and services is a purely administrative matter within the sole discretion of the USPTO. See In re Faucher Indus. Inc., 107 USPQ2d 1355, 1357 (TTAB 2013) (quoting In re Tee-Pak, Inc., 164 USPQ 88, 89 (TTAB 1969)).
For assistance with identifying and classifying goods and services in trademark applications, please see the USPTO’s online searchable U.S. Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual. See TMEP §1402.04.
RESPONSE GUIDELINES
TEAS PLUS OR TEAS REDUCED FEE (TEAS RF) APPLICANTS – TO MAINTAIN LOWER FEE, ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS MUST BE MET, INCLUDING SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS ONLINE: Applicants who filed their application online using the lower-fee TEAS Plus or TEAS RF application form must (1) file certain documents online using TEAS, including responses to Office actions (see TMEP §§819.02(b), 820.02(b) for a complete list of these documents); (2) maintain a valid e-mail correspondence address; and (3) agree to receive correspondence from the USPTO by e-mail throughout the prosecution of the application. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.22(b), 2.23(b); TMEP §§819, 820. TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants who do not meet these requirements must submit an additional processing fee of $125 per class of goods and/or services. 37 C.F.R. §§2.6(a)(1)(v), 2.22(c), 2.23(c); TMEP §§819.04, 820.04. However, in certain situations, TEAS Plus or TEAS RF applicants may respond to an Office action by authorizing an examiner’s amendment by telephone or e-mail without incurring this additional fee.
How to respond. Click to file a response to this nonfinal Office action
/Giselle Agosto-Hincapie/
Examining Attorney Advisor
Trademarks Law Office 102
giselle.agosto@uspto.gov (Informal inquires only)
571-272-5868
RESPONSE GUIDANCE