To: | IdeaGear Hong Kong Limited (molly@garhartlaw.com) |
Subject: | U.S. TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 86244585 - CARRERA - N/A |
Sent: | 7/18/2014 5:41:21 PM |
Sent As: | ECOM104@USPTO.GOV |
Attachments: | Attachment - 1 Attachment - 2 Attachment - 3 Attachment - 4 Attachment - 5 Attachment - 6 Attachment - 7 |
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (USPTO)
OFFICE ACTION (OFFICIAL LETTER) ABOUT APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION
U.S. APPLICATION SERIAL NO. 86244585
MARK: CARRERA
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CORRESPONDENT ADDRESS: |
CLICK HERE TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER: http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp
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APPLICANT: IdeaGear Hong Kong Limited
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CORRESPONDENT’S REFERENCE/DOCKET NO: CORRESPONDENT E-MAIL ADDRESS: |
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OFFICE ACTION
TO AVOID ABANDONMENT OF APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION, THE USPTO MUST RECEIVE APPLICANT’S COMPLETE RESPONSE TO THIS LETTER WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THE ISSUE/MAILING DATE BELOW.
ISSUE/MAILING DATE: 7/18/2014
The referenced application has been reviewed by the assigned trademark examining attorney. Applicant must respond timely and completely to the issue(s) below. 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.62(a), 2.65(a); TMEP §§711, 718.03.
Refusal under Trademark Act Section 2(d) – Likelihood of Confusion
Among these factors are the similarity of the marks as to appearance, sound, meaning, and overall commercial impression, relatedness of the goods and/or services, and similarity of trade channels of the goods and/or services. See In re Viterra Inc., 671 F.3d 1358, 1361-62, 101 USPQ2d 1905, 1908 (Fed. Cir. 2012); In re Dakin’s Miniatures Inc., 59 USPQ2d 1593, 1595-96 (TTAB 1999); TMEP §§1207.01 et seq. However, not all the factors are necessarily relevant or of equal weight, and any one of the factors may control in a given case, depending upon the evidence of record. Citigroup Inc. v. Capital City Bank Grp., Inc., 637 F.3d 1344, 1355, 98 USPQ2d 1253, 1260 (Fed. Cir. 2011); In re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1315, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1204 (Fed. Cir. 2003); see In re E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d at 1361-62, 177 USPQ at 567.
Similarity of the Parties’ Marks
When comparing marks, the test is not whether the marks can be distinguished in a side-by-side comparison, but rather whether the marks are sufficiently similar in their entireties that confusion as to the source of the goods and/or services offered under applicant’s and registrant’s marks is likely to result. Midwestern Pet Foods, Inc. v. Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., 685 F.3d 1046, 1053, 103 USPQ2d 1435, 1440 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Edom Labs., Inc. v. Lichter, 102 USPQ2d 1546, 1551 (TTAB 2012); TMEP §1207.01(b). For that reason, the test of likelihood of confusion is not whether the marks can be distinguished when subjected to a side-by-side comparison. The question is whether the marks create the same overall impression. See Recot, Inc. v. M.C. Becton, 214 F.3d 1322, 1329-30, 54 USPQ2d 1894, 1899 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Visual Info. Inst., Inc. v. Vicon Indus. Inc., 209 USPQ 179, 189 (TTAB 1980). The focus is on the recollection of the average purchaser, who normally retains a general rather than specific impression of trademarks. L’Oreal S.A. v. Marcon, 102 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (TTAB 2012); Sealed Air Corp. v. Scott Paper Co., 190 USPQ 106, 108 (TTAB 1975); TMEP §1207.01(b).
In this case, the applicant’s mark creates a very similar commercial source impression to the cited registered mark. The literal elements of the marks are identical in sound and apparent meaning. The designs featured in the applicant’s mark do not function to differentiate the sources indicated by the marks, especially where the cited mark is for standard characters and is protected for a variety of representations. Thus, consumers encountering the marks for closely related goods are likely to confuse the marks and mistake the underlying sources of the goods.
Relatedness of the Parties’ Goods
All circumstances surrounding the sale of the goods and/or services are considered. These circumstances include the marketing channels, the identity of the prospective purchasers, and the degree of similarity between the marks and between the goods and/or services. See Indus. Nucleonics Corp. v. Hinde, 475 F.2d 1197, 177 USPQ 386 (C.C.P.A. 1973); TMEP §1207.01. However, absent restrictions in an application and/or registration, the identified goods and/or services are presumed to travel in the same channels of trade to the same class of purchasers. Citigroup Inc. v. Capital City Bank Grp., Inc., 637 F.3d 1344, 1356, 98 USPQ2d 1253, 1261 (Fed. Cir. 2011); Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press Inc., 281 F.3d at 1268, 62 USPQ2d at 1005. Additionally, unrestricted and broad identifications are presumed to encompass all goods and/or services of the type described. See In re Jump Designs, 80 USPQ2d 1370, 1374 (TTAB 2006); In re Linkvest S.A., 24 USPQ2d 1716, 1716 (TTAB 1992).
Some of the applicant’s goods are identical to some of the goods identified by the cited registrant. Both identify condoms as their goods. The remainder of the applicant’s goods are related to the registrant’s goods as all are contraceptives, and thus serve similar purposes as the registrant’s condoms.
For these reasons, consumers are likely to encounter the parties’ marks for very closely related goods in the same commercial contexts. Given the strong similarities between the parties’ marks, consumers are likely to confuse the marks and mistake the underlying sources of such similar goods produced under the marks. Registration is refused to prevent such confusion.
The applicant must also address the following requirements.
Drawing – Amendments to Color Claim and Mark Description Required
Therefore, applicant must submit (1) a color claim and (2) a mark description of all the colors in the mark. 37 C.F.R. §§2.37, 2.52(b)(1); see TMEP §807.07(a)-(a)(ii). Generic color names must be used to describe the colors in the mark, e.g., magenta, yellow, turquoise. TMEP §807.07(a)(i)-(ii). If black, white, and/or gray are not being claimed as a color feature of the mark, applicant must exclude them from the color claim and include in the mark description a statement that the colors black, white, and/or gray represent background, outlining, shading, and/or transparent areas and are not part of the mark. See TMEP §807.07(d).
(1) Color claim: “The colors red and white are claimed as a feature of the mark.”; and
(2) Mark description: “The mark consists of the word “CARRERA” in stylized white letters on a red rectangular background. The letters “RR” feature two horizontal breaks at the bottoms of the letters.”
See TMEP §807.07(b).
The applicant must also address the following requirements.
Translation of Non-English Wording Required
The applicant must also address the following requirements.
Identifications and/or Classifications of Goods Require Amendment
The Trademark Office requires a degree of particularity necessary to identify clearly goods and/or services covered by a mark. See In re Omega SA, 494 F.3d 1362, 1365, 83 USPQ2d 1541, 1543-44 (Fed. Cir. 2007). Descriptions of goods and services in applications must be specific, explicit, clear and concise. TMEP §1402.01; see In re Cardinal Labs., Inc., 149 USPQ 709, 711 (TTAB 1966); Cal. Spray-Chem. Corp. v. Osmose Wood Pres. Co. of Am., 102 USPQ 321, 322 (Comm’r Pats. 1954). These requirements for specification of the particular goods and/or services apply to applications filed under all statutory bases. See 15 U.S.C. §§1051(a)(2), 1051(b)(2), 1053, 1126(d)-(e), 1141f; 37 C.F.R. §2.32(a)(6); TMEP §§1402.01, 1402.01(b)-(c).
The application insufficiently describes the following goods:
· In Class 10, the wording “prophylactic devices” is indefinite and may be misclassified. The applicant must specify the common commercial (generic) name of particular goods (e.g., “tooth prophylactics” is acceptable in Class 5), or describe the nature and purpose of particular goods in greater detail (e.g., “intra-uterine contraceptive devices” is acceptable in Class 10), and classify the goods properly.
· In Class 10, the wording “hygienic devices to prevent the transmission of infections and diseases” is indefinite. The applicant must specify the common commercial (generic) name of particular goods (e.g., “dental dams”, “surgical masks”, etc.), or describe the nature and purpose of particular goods in greater detail.
If accurate, and inserting specific information where directed, the applicant may adopt any or all of the following identifications of goods. See TMEP §1402.01. PLEASE NOTE: The applicant has currently paid for any one (1) class of its choosing.
· Class ?: Prophylactic devices, namely, [applicant must specify the common commercial name of particular goods or describe the nature and purpose of particular goods in greater detail, and classify the goods properly];
· Class 10: Condoms; Contraceptive devices; Hygienic devices to prevent the transmission of infections and diseases, namely, [applicant must specify the common commercial name of particular goods or describe the nature and purpose of particular goods in greater detail].
The applicant should note the following when amending the identifications and/or classifications.
· The applicant may use different wording of its own when amending the identifications and/or classifications of goods. The applicant must follow the guidelines discussed herein to ensure specificity and accuracy. Please note that while identifications of goods or services can be clarified or limited by amendment; adding to the goods or services or broadening the scope of the goods or services is not permitted. 37 C.F.R. §2.71(a); see TMEP §§1402.06 et seq., 1402.07. Therefore, the applicant may not amend the identification to include goods or services that are not within the scope of the present identification.
· Careful use of grammar, capitalization, and punctuation helps to clearly group or distinguish goods and services. Generally, commas should be used to separate a series of related items or a series of descriptions of characteristics for a single overall category of goods or services (the term “namely” often signifies such a list or series of many items or descriptions under a broader category). TMEP §1402.01(a). Semicolons generally should be used to separate a series of distinct categories of goods or services within an international class. Id. For example, the identification of goods “cleaners, namely, glass cleaners, deodorizers for pets, cosmetics” is ambiguous because “cosmetics” and “deodorizers for pets” are not “cleaners,” and thus are not within this category of goods even though they are all in the same international class. Id. However, by replacing the commas with semicolons after “glass cleaners” and “deodorizers for pets,” this identification would become acceptable: “Cleaners, namely, glass cleaners; Deodorizers for pets; Cosmetics.” Id.
· The applicant must be as complete and specific as possible and avoid the use of indefinite words and phrases. See TMEP §§1402.01, 1402.03(a). If applicant uses indefinite wording, such as “accessories,” “components,” “devices,” “equipment,” “materials,” “parts,” “systems,” “products,” “services in connection with,” “such as,” “including,” “and like services,” “concepts,” or “not limited to,” to refer to goods or services, such words must be followed by “namely,” followed by a list of the specific goods or service activities identified by their common commercial names.
· Periodically the Office revises its international classification system and the policies regarding acceptable identifications of goods and services. Identifications are examined in accordance with Rules of Practice and Office policies and procedures in effect on the application filing date. 37 C.F.R. §2.85(e)(1); TMEP §1402.14. Descriptions of goods and services found in earlier-filed applications and registrations are not necessarily considered acceptable identifications when a later-filed application is examined. See TMEP §§702.03(a)(iv), 1402.14. For guidance on writing identifications of goods and/or services and classifying them properly, please use the online searchable Manual of Acceptable Identifications of Goods and Services at http://tess2.gov.uspto.report/netahtml/tidm.html, which is continually updated in accordance with prevailing rules and policies. See TMEP §§70203(a)(iv), 1402.04.
Requirements for Multiple-Class Applications
(1) List the goods and/or services by their international class number in consecutive numerical order, starting with the lowest numbered class.
(2) Submit a filing fee for each international class not covered by the fees already paid (view the USPTO’s current fee schedule at http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/tm_fee_info.jsp). Applicant must either submit the filing fees for the classes not covered by the submitted fees or restrict the application to the number of classes covered by the fees already paid.
See 15 U.S.C. §§1051(b), 1112, 1126(e); 37 C.F.R. §§2.32(a)(6)-(7), 2.34(a)(2)-(3), 2.86(a); TMEP §§1403.01, 1403.02(c).
For an overview of the requirements for a Section 1(b) multiple-class application and how to satisfy the requirements online using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS) form, please go to http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/law/multiclass.jsp.
RESPONDING TO THE OFFICE ACTION
If applicant does not respond to this Office action within six months of the issue/mailing date, or responds by expressly abandoning the application, the application process will end, the trademark will fail to register, and the application fee will not be refunded. See 15 U.S.C. §1062(b); 37 C.F.R. §§2.65(a), 2.68(a), 2.209(a); TMEP §§405.04, 718.01, 718.02. Where the application has been abandoned for failure to respond to an Office action, applicant’s only option would be to file a timely petition to revive the application, which, if granted, would allow the application to return to active status. See 37 C.F.R. §2.66; TMEP §1714. There is a $100 fee for such petitions. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.6, 2.66(b)(1).
To expedite prosecution of the application, applicant is encouraged to file its response to this Office action online via the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS), which is available at http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/teas/index.jsp. If applicant has technical questions about the TEAS response to Office action form, applicant can review the electronic filing tips available online at http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/teas/e_filing_tips.jsp and email technical questions to TEAS@uspto.gov.
Where an applicant is represented by an attorney who may practice before the USPTO, the attorney must sign the response. 37 C.F.R. §2.193(e)(2)(i); TMEP §§611.03(b), 712.01. The only attorneys who may sign responses and otherwise practice before the USPTO in trademark matters are (1) attorneys in good standing with a bar of the highest court of any U.S. state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and other federal territories and possessions of the United States; and (2) Canadian agents/attorneys who represent applicants located in Canada and (a) are registered with the USPTO and in good standing as patent agents or (b) have been granted reciprocal recognition by the USPTO. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.17(e), 2.62(b), 11.1, 11.5(b)(2), 11.14(a), (c); TMEP §§602, 712.01. Foreign attorneys, other than authorized Canadian attorneys, do not have authority to sign responses or otherwise represent applicants before the USPTO. See 37 C.F.R. §§2.17(e), 11.5(b)(2), 11.14(c), (e); TMEP §§602.03(b)-(c), 712.03.
/Cory Boone/
Cory Boone
Trademark Examining Attorney
Law Office 104
Phone: (571) 270-1510
Fax: (571) 270-2510
cory.boone@uspto.gov
TO RESPOND TO THIS LETTER: Go to http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/teas/response_forms.jsp. Please wait 48-72 hours from the issue/mailing date before using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS), to allow for necessary system updates of the application. For technical assistance with online forms, e-mail TEAS@uspto.gov. For questions about the Office action itself, please contact the assigned trademark examining attorney. E-mail communications will not be accepted as responses to Office actions; therefore, do not respond to this Office action by e-mail.
All informal e-mail communications relevant to this application will be placed in the official application record.
WHO MUST SIGN THE RESPONSE: It must be personally signed by an individual applicant or someone with legal authority to bind an applicant (i.e., a corporate officer, a general partner, all joint applicants). If an applicant is represented by an attorney, the attorney must sign the response.
PERIODICALLY CHECK THE STATUS OF THE APPLICATION: To ensure that applicant does not miss crucial deadlines or official notices, check the status of the application every three to four months using the Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) system at http://tsdr.gov.uspto.report/. Please keep a copy of the TSDR status screen. If the status shows no change for more than six months, contact the Trademark Assistance Center by e-mail at TrademarkAssistanceCenter@uspto.gov or call 1-800-786-9199. For more information on checking status, see http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/process/status/.
TO UPDATE CORRESPONDENCE/E-MAIL ADDRESS: Use the TEAS form at http://www.gov.uspto.report/trademarks/teas/correspondence.jsp.